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151. Epiktetova etika

Author

Dobrijević, Aleksandar, Đurić, Drago, Bogdanovski, Mašan, Plećaš, Tamara, Dobrijević, Aleksandar, Đurić, Drago, Bogdanovski, Mašan, and Plećaš, Tamara

Abstract

U ovoj disertaciji sprovodimo iscrpnu analizu ključnih segmenata Epiktetove etike. Glavni cilj nam je da utvrdimo u čemu se sastoji Epiktetov doprinos stoičkoj etici, a posredno i stoičkoj filozofiji, imajući u vidu da su etička razmatranja, još od perioda ranog stoicizma, blisko povezana sa pitanjima koja proučava logika i fizika. Pored toga, cilj nam je da utvrdimo u kojoj meri Epiktet sledi tradicionalnu stoičku argumentaciju i podelu etike, a samim tim, i u čemu se sastoji njegova inovativnost. Takođe, cilj nam je da ustanovimo koji su filozofi, osim ranih stoika i Musonija Rufa, formativno uticali ne samo na razvoj Epiktetove misli, već i na Epiktetov pedagoški i učiteljski rad. Tokom pisanja smo se služili uobičajenom metodologijom humanističkih nauka, sa posebnim fokusom na jezičko-pojmovnoj analizi, komparativnoj metodi i, na kraju, istorijsko-filozofskoj egzegezi. Razumevajući filozofiju i kao praktičnu aktivnost ili svojevrsno „umeće življenja“, odnosno kao poziv koji se ne iscrpljuje samo u tumačenju filozofskih tekstova, Epiktet u središte svojih etičkih razmatranja stavlja čovekov moralni karakter (προαίρεσις). Ukazaćemo da nije sporno da Epiktet u velikoj meri sledi filozofsku tradiciju iz koje je ponikao, što je i saglasno sa njegovom učiteljskom ulogom. Pokazaće se da je ono što Epikteta posebno izdvaja u odnosu na njegove stoičke prethodnike, insistiranje na dobrom προαίρεσις-u i slobodi koja vodi do moralne odgovornosti. Zaključićemo, pored toga, i da je podela etike koju predlaže Epiktet, drugačija u odnosu na podele ranih stoika, ali da je istovremeno reč o podeli koja, u velikoj meri, uključuje i sve najvažnije segmente tradicionalne stoičke etike., In this dissertation we will provide a detailed analysis of the key segments of Epictetus' ethics. Our main goal is to determine how Epictetus contributed to Stoic ethics and, indirectly, to Stoic philosophy, having in mind that ethical thought in Stoicism has been closely tied to logic and physics since the period of early Stoa. In addition, we will attempt to determine to what extent Epictetus follows traditional Stoic argumentation and the division of ethical topics, and in which aspects he is an innovative thinker. Furthermore, we aim to find out which philosophers, besides the early Stoics and Musonius Rufus, influenced not only the development of Epictetus' philosophical thought but also his pedagogical work and teaching. In our research we apply the standard methodological tools of the humanities, with a focus on the philosophical method of conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, and a historical-critical exegesis. Epictetus considers philosophy not only a theoretical activity but at the same time a practical one, and he places moral character or προαίρεσις in the center of his ethical contemplation. We will show that Epictetus follows the philosophical tradition from which he originated, which is in accordance with his role as a teacher. It will be clear that what sets him apart from his predecessors is his insisting on good προαίρεσις and freedom that leads to moral responsibility. Besides that, we will conclude that although the division of ethical topics which Epictetus proposes is different than the ones proposed by the early Stoics, it is, at the same time, a division that encompasses to a great extent all of the most important segments of traditional Stoic ethics.

Published
2021

152. FURTHER RANGE EXPANSION OF THE SCULPTURED RESIN BEE (MEGACHILE SCULPTURALIS) IN SERBIA AND BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

Author

Bila Dubaić, Jovana, Raičević, Jovana, Plećaš, Milan, Lanner, Julia, Nikolić, Petar, Žikić, Vladimir, Stanisavljević, Ljubiša, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Bila Dubaić, Jovana, Raičević, Jovana, Plećaš, Milan, Lanner, Julia, Nikolić, Petar, Žikić, Vladimir, Stanisavljević, Ljubiša, and Ćetković, Aleksandar

Abstract

Megachile sculpturalis is the first non-native bee species established in Europe, originating from E-Asia. Since early detections in SW-Europe (2008–2010) its spreading resulted in a range currently spanning nearly 2,800 km x 1,100 km across the southern and central Europe. In SE-Europe establishment was confirmed since 2015 in NE-Hungary, followed by detection in N-Serbia (2017), and wider spreading across the eastern Pannonian Plain (2018–2019); eventually it was detected in NW-Bosnia & Herzegovina (2020). Accordingly, the repeated calls for monitoring of M. sculpturalis spread were voiced, aiming to address its potential invasiveness, but mostly lacking a more specific assessment protocol. A 'working concept' for a comprehensive monitoring of M. sculpturalis was proposed within the survey conducted in Belgrade (Serbia) during 2017–2019, based on quantitative assessment of bee population trends in relation to focal plant resources. There was a need to improve and broaden this initial framework, e.g., to allow for different spatio-temporal scales and various potential usage requirements. Therefore, in 2020 we considerably extended the research scope, defined at two spatial scales: LOCAL, for the Belgrade area – the continuation of protocol development, through a high-intensity assessment of M. sculpturalis abundance, bionomics, and distribution, in parallel with assessment of extended set of relevant plants (and potential bee-plant interactions); REGIONAL, a survey covering the bee spreading across Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, aiming to provide a reference time-section in expanding SE-European front, while also extending the knowledge of its environmental affinities. The study included the launching of a pioneering citizen science project, which enabled a remarkable geographic coverage despite modest return of positive reports. The Belgrade-scale survey yielded a modest increase in recorded locations, relative to 2019, but the r

Published
2021

153. Sokrat i Epiktet vs. prva i druga generacija sofista

Author

Plećaš, Tamara and Plećaš, Tamara

Abstract

U radu se ispituje razlika između filozofije i sofistike. Preciznije, raspravlja se o onome što razlikuje Sokrata od sofista svoga vremena te o onome što razlikuje Epikteta od sofista uopće. Dok su sofisti bili prvi profesionalni učitelji, Epiktet slovi za jednog od najvećih učitelja (stoičke) filozofije ikada, a Sokrat je, sudeći po Platonovim riječima, poricao da je uopće bio učitelj, unatoč velikom broju onih koji su smatrali suprotno. Nadaleko poznati po svojim besjedama, sofisti su ponajviše privlačili one koji su željeli biti uspješni političari. Sokrat i Epiktet također su bili izvrsni govornici koje su okruživali političari Atene, odnosno Rima. Ipak, to ih nije činilo sofistima. Ono čemu i Sokrat i Epiktet teže život je u skladu s vrlinom, tj. život u skladu s razumom i filozofijom. Retorika ima instrumentalnu vrijednost i njome se netko može potaknuti na bavljenje filozofijom, ali ona nije dobro po sebi., The paper discusses the difference between philosophy and sophistry. More precisely, it discusses the differences between Socrates and Sophists of the first generation, as well as the differences between Epictetus and Sophists of both first and second generation. While Sophists were the first professional teachers and Epictetus one of the greatest Stoic teachers of all times, Socrates, according to Plato, denied being a teacher by any means, despite many who thought otherwise. Sophists were known for their speeches that most attracted those with a wish to be successful politicians. Socrates and Epictetus were also excellent orators surrounded by Athenian and Roman politicians. However, that didn’t make them Sophists. Socrates and Epictetus opted for a life in accordance with excellence (virtue) that could be achieved by philosophy rather than rhetoric. Rhetoric could only have instrumental value, not an intrinsic one.

Published
2021

154. Sokrat i Epiktet vs. prva i druga generacija sofista

Author

Tamara Plećaš and Tamara Plećaš

Abstract

U radu se ispituje razlika između filozofije i sofistike. Preciznije, raspravlja se o onome što razlikuje Sokrata od sofista svoga vremena te o onome što razlikuje Epikteta od sofista uopće. Dok su sofisti bili prvi profesionalni učitelji, Epiktet slovi za jednog od najvećih učitelja (stoičke) filozofije ikada, a Sokrat je, sudeći po Platonovim riječima, poricao da je uopće bio učitelj, unatoč velikom broju onih koji su smatrali suprotno. Nadaleko poznati po svojim besjedama, sofisti su ponajviše privlačili one koji su željeli biti uspješni političari. Sokrat i Epiktet također su bili izvrsni govornici koje su okruživali političari Atene, odnosno Rima. Ipak, to ih nije činilo sofistima. Ono čemu i Sokrat i Epiktet teže život je u skladu s vrlinom, tj. život u skladu s razumom i filozofijom. Retorika ima instrumentalnu vrijednost i njome se netko može potaknuti na bavljenje filozofijom, ali ona nije dobro po sebi., The paper discusses the difference between philosophy and sophistry. More precisely, it discusses the differences between Socrates and Sophists of the first generation, as well as the differences between Epictetus and Sophists of both first and second generation. While Sophists were the first professional teachers and Epictetus one of the greatest Stoic teachers of all times, Socrates, according to Plato, denied being a teacher by any means, despite many who thought otherwise. Sophists were known for their speeches that most attracted those with a wish to be successful politicians. Socrates and Epictetus were also excellent orators surrounded by Athenian and Roman politicians. However, that didn’t make them Sophists. Socrates and Epictetus opted for a life in accordance with excellence (virtue) that could be achieved by philosophy rather than rhetoric. Rhetoric could only have instrumental value, not an intrinsic one.

Published
2021

164. Early-phase colonisation by introduced sculptured resin bee (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachile sculpturalis) revealed by local floral resource variability.

Author

Dubaić, Jovana Bila, Plećaš, Milan, Raičević, Jovana, Lanner, Julia, and Ćetković, Aleksandar

Subjects
BEES, HYMENOPTERA, POPULATION density
Abstract

There is a growing interest to document and better understand patterns and processes involved in nonnative bee introductions and subsequent colonisation of new areas worldwide. We studied the spread of the East Asian bee Megachile sculpturalis in Serbia and south-eastern Europe; the bee was earlier established in the USA (since 1994) and western Europe (since 2008). Its establishment in Serbia remained dubious throughout most of 2017–2019, following its first detection. We hereby report on its establishment and spreading, which were corroborated in 2019 under specific circumstances. Owing to an exceptionally poor blooming of Styphnolobium japonicum in 2019, we recorded a high activity density of M. sculpturalis concentrated on a scarce key food resource. We present a novel quantitative approach for an improved early detection of M. sculpturalis, based on the interplay between the bee local occurrence pattern and dynamics of key food-plant(s) availability. This approach seems particularly effective during the early-phase colonisation, at initially low population density of introduced bees. We address the importance of integration of the genuine plant usage patterns with context-specific bee assessment options in establishing effective monitoring. The improved understanding of M. sculpturalis local dynamics triggered the questions about possible origin(s) and modes of its dispersal east of the Alps. To explore the possible scenarios of M. sculpturalis introduction(s), we extended the study to a wider spatio-temporal context – the region of SE Europe (2015–2019). The two complementary study approaches (at local and regional scale) provided more comprehensive evidence of bee dispersal history and the detection patterns in varied recording contexts. Based on this two-scale approach, we suggest that a diffusive mode of M. sculpturalis introduction into Serbia now seems to be a more plausible scenario (than a long-distance jump). We argue that the integration of outcomes from the contrasting approaches (a systematic surveillance, based on plant resources and a broad-scale opportunistic recording) could be of great methodological relevance for the development of future monitoring protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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165. Modeli mjerljivosti uspješnosti rada hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije iz perspektive korisnika

Author

Plećaš, Mihael and Popović, Petar

Subjects
hrvatska gospodarska diplomacija, SOCIAL SCIENCES. Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy, modeli mjerljivosti uspješnosti rada, Trgovina. Međunarodni gospodarski odnosi. Svjetsko gospodarstvo, komercijalna diplomacija u ekonomiji doživljaja, Croatian economic diplomacy, modeli mjerljivosti uspješnosti rada, hrvatska gospodarska diplomacija, ekonomija doživljaja, komercijalna diplomacija u ekonomiji doživljaja, economic diplomacy in the experience economy, models for performance measurability, ekonomija doživljaja, experience economy, DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Interdisciplinarne društvene znanosti, udc:339(043.3)
Abstract

Hrvatski se ukupni, pa stoga i robni, izvoz može povećati i djelotvornijom gospodarskom diplomacijom. Međutim, vrijedno je problematizirati provodi li hrvatska gospodarska diplomacija one aktivnosti koje hrvatski izvoznici od nje očekuju. Nadalje, upitno je pokrivaju li rezultati rada hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije troškove njezina djelovanja. Stoga, u ovome se doktorskom radu problematizira djelotvornost (engl. Effectiveness) rada hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije, odnosno rezultati njezina djelovanja. Predmet istraživanja u doktorskome radu su tri modela mjerljivosti uspješnosti rada hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije iz perspektive izvoznika. Elementi predmeta istraživanja su opisi stavova hrvatskih izvoznika o važnosti izabranih aktivnosti gospodarskih diplomata. Pomoćni se predmet istraživanja odnosi na ekonomiju doživljaja. Elementi pomoćnoga predmeta istraživanja su kibernetički modeli stvaranja ekonomske vrijednosti u ekonomiji doživljaja i tradicionalnim oblicima ekonomije, ključne razlike između njih te komercijalna diplomacija u ekonomiji doživljaja. Cilj istraživanja u doktorskome radu su opisi triju modela mjerljivosti uspješnosti rada hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije. Iz perspektive svih ispitanika, ispitanika iz prerađivačke industrije te ispitanika koji od izvoza ostvaruju više od 30 % prihoda. Opisi modela sadrže pet ispitanicima najvažnijih aktivnosti hrvatske gospodarske diplomacije izdvojenih između 21 njima ponuđene na vrednovanje. Prvi pomoćni cilj istraživanja je opisati ekonomiju doživljaja. Opis sadržava definiciju pojma ekonomija doživljaja, kibernetičke modele stvaranja ekonomske vrijednosti u ekonomiji doživljaja i tradicionalnim oblicima ekonomija te analizu razlika tih dvaju modela. Drugi pomoćni cilj istraživanja odnosi se na opis pojma komercijalne diplomacije u ekonomiji doživljaja. Opis sadrži definiciju i kvalitativnu analizu pojma. Croatia's total exports, therefore goods exports too, can be increased by more effective economic diplomacy. However, it is worthwhile to problematize whether Croatian economic diplomacy performs the activities that Croatian exporters expect from it. Furthermore, it is questionable whether the results of the work of Croatian economic diplomacy cover the costs of its operation. Therefore, this doctoral thesis problematizes the effectiveness of Croatian economic diplomacy, that is, its results. The research objectives of the thesis are three models for performance measurability of Croatian economic diplomacy from the perspective of exporters. Elements of the research objectives are descriptions of the attitudes of Croatian exporters to the importance of activities selected by Croatian economic diplomats. The focus of the auxiliary research is economics of experience. Elements of the auxiliary research objective are cybernetic models of economic value creation in the experience economy and in traditional economies, the key differences between them and economic diplomacy in the experience economy. The aim of the research is to describe three models for performance measurability of Croatian economic diplomacy from the perspective of all respondents, the respondents from the manufacturing industry and those who generate more than 30% of their total revenues through exports. Descriptions of the models contain 5 most important activities of Croatian economic diplomacy according to the respondents, out of 21 that were offered for evaluation. The first auxiliary research objective is to describe the experience economy. The description contains the definition of the term, cybernetic models of economic value creation both in the experience economy and traditional types of economies, and an analysis of the differences between these models. The second auxiliary research objective is to describe economic diplomacy in the experience economy. The description contains the definition and qualitative analysis of the term.

Published
2020

167. Efficiency Comparison between Nasal Cannula and Oxygen Face Mask for Oxygen Therapy during Postoperative Period

Author

Plećaš, Đurić Aleksandra, Uram-Benka, Anna, Drašković, Biljana, Palibrk, Ivan, Vicković, Sanja, Uvelin, Arsen, and Jovanović, Gordana

Subjects
hipoksija, anestezija, inhalaciona terapija kiseonikom, postoperativn period, inhalacione maske, nazalna kanila, potrošnja kiseonika, gasna analiza krvi, Hypoxia, Anesthesia, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, Postoperative Period, Masks, Cannula, Oxygen Consumption, Blood Gas Analysis
Abstract

UVOD: Anestezija je povezana sa promenama ventilacije, koje počinju sa prvim datim lekom, a mogu da traju i danima posle hirurške intervencije. Hipoksemija je najočiglednija posledica ove promene. U anesteziološkoj praksi i perioperativnom tretmanu bolesnika kiseonička terapija zauzima značajno mesto. Još uvek ne postoje jasne, na dokazima zasnovane, smernice za upotrebu kiseoničke terapije u postoperativnom periodu. Razlog verovatno leži u činjenici da veliki broj faktora može da utiče na ishod lečenja hirurškog bolesnika i zato je teško ispitati njihove pojedinačne uticaje. Kiseonička terapija tretira ili prevenira nastanak hipoksije obezbeđujući inspiratornu koncentraciju kiseonika veću od iste u vazduhu. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata u postoperativnom periodu ne postoji potreba za strogom kontrolom inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, a administracija kiseoničke terapije sprovodi se primenom uređaja niskog protoka i varijabilne performanse, kao što su nazalna kanila i kiseonička maska za lice. Brojna istraživanja poslednjih decenija pokušala su da daju odgovor na pitanja da li postoji stvarna razlika u primeni ova dva uređaja, posebno u svetlu razvoja hipoksemije u postoperativnom periodu. Prednosti primene nazalne kanile su bolje prihvatanje od strane bolesnika u poređenju sa maskom, obično zbog manje izraženog osećaja klaustrofobije pri upotrebi nazalne kanile. Nazalna kanila, ne zahteva uklanjanje prilikom nege usne duplje ili per os unosa što obezbeđuje kontinuitet u isporuci kiseonika. Nedostaci nazalne kanile vezani su za otežanu primenu kod bolesnika sa nazogastričnom sondom ili otežanim disanjem na nos. Pri protocima većim od 4 litre u mnuti može izazvati nelagodnost na nosnoj sluznici bolesnika. Literaturni podaci, ukazuju da se primenom kiseoničke maske ipak postižu veće inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, te da se epizode desaturacije i hipoksemije znatno ređe javljaju. Međutim, postoje i istraživanja koja ukazuju na mogućnost ponovnog udisanja vazduha iz mrtvog prostora maske, pri nižim protocima što može uticati na parcijalni pritisak ugljen-dioksida u arterijskoj krvi. CILJEVI: Ciljevi istraživanja su da se ispitata učestalost javljanja hipoksemije unutar 48 sati od ekstubacije kod bolesnika u jedinici intezivne terapije, zatima da se ispita pojava desaturacije, da se utvrditi učestalost potrebe za primenom neinvazivne mehaničke ventilacije pozitivnim pritiskom kod bolesnika u jedinici intezivne terapije kod kojih se primenjuje kiseonička terapija putem nazalne kanile, odnosno kiseoničke maske. Takođe, cilj je i da se ispita da li postoji povezanost preoperativnih karakteristika bolesnika sa eventualnim izborom jednog od dva uređaja za primenu kiseoničke terapije u ranom postoperativnom periodu. METODOLOGIJA: Na Klinici za anesteziju i intenzivnu terapiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine sprovedeno je prospektivno istraživanje kojim je obuhvaćeno 160 pacijenata nakon elektivnih hrurških procedura, koji su nakon operativnog zahvata praćeni u jedinici intenzivne terapije. Pacijenti su randomizovani u dve grupe (grupa M – kiseonička maska i grupa N – nazalna kanila) u odnosu na uređaj kojim je sprovođena postoperativna kiseonička terapija. Za sve pacijente uključene u studiju evidentirana je pol, starost, telesna masa, telesna visina, izračunat indeks telesne mase. Evidentiran je i ASA status, kao i NYHA status. U istraživanje nisu uključeni pacijenti sa plućnim komorbiditetima. Iz istraživanja su isključeni svi oni bolesnici kod kojih je došlo do respiratornih komplikacija u perioperativnom periodu, kao i onih kod kojih je bila prisutna hemodinamska nestabilnost. Postoperativno svi pacijenti su sedirani, na mehaničkoj ventilaciji smešteni u jedinicu intenzivne terapije. Nakon prevođenja na spontano disanje i ekstubacije započinjana je primena kiseonika putem kiseoničke maske za lice (6 l/min) odnosno nazalne kanile (4 l/min). Sprovođen je kontinuirani monitoring vitalnih parametara, saturacije hemoglobina kiseonikom, kao i novo ugljen-dioksida na kraju ekspirijuma. Kod svih pacijenata u četiri vremena rađene su gasne analize arterijske krvi. Svi praćeni parametri poređeni su između dve ispitivane grupe pacijenata. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćen je programski paket Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS 21. Numerička obeležja su prikazana putem srednjih vrednosti (aritmetička sredina) i mera varijabiliteta (opseg vrednosti, standardna devijacija), a atributivna obeležja korišćenjem frekvencija i procenata. Komparacija vrednosti numeričkih obeležja između dve grupe vršena je primenom Studentovog t- testa, odnosno neparametrijskog Mann- Whitney testa. Testiranje razlike frekvencija atributivnih obeležja vršeno je primenom χ2 testa. U cilju ispitivanja povezanosti dva ili više obeležja, odnosno generisanja adekvatnih statističkih modela, korišćena je multivarijantna regresiona analiza. Statistički značajnim se smatraju vrednosti nivoa značajnosti p, INTRODUCTION: Anesthesiology is associated with vicissitudes in ventilation, which start with application of first medicine and last for days following surgical intervention. Hypoxemia is a most common side effect of vicissitudes in ventilation. Oxygen therapy is important in anesthesiology and post-operative treatment of a patient. There are no clear evidence-based guidelines for application of oxygen therapy in post-operative period. Numerous factors influence patient’s treatment outcome and it is difficult to examine each factor’s independent impact. Oxygen therapy treats or prevents occurrence of hypoxemia by providing inspiratory concentration of oxygen greater than the amount found in air. Most patients in post-operative period don’t require vigilant control of inspiratory concentration of oxygen, and administration of oxygen therapy is implemented with a low flow device with variable performances such as nasal cannula and oxygen face mask. Various research attempts where made in the last decades to discover an evident difference between these two devices, especially in cases where hypoxemia occurred in post-operative period. One advantage to using nasal cannula over oxygen face mask is that its better perceived by a patient as it reduces feeling of claustrophobia. Nasal cannula doesn’t need to be removed during oral cavity care or “per os” intake which ensures continuous oxygen delivery. The drawback to using nasal cannula is that its challenging to insert it in a patient with nasogastric tube or difficult nasal breathing. Also, patient can experience nasal discomfort if the oxygen flow is bigger than four litters per minute. Literature data shows that application of oxygen trough the face mask achieves greater inspiratory concentrations of oxygen, and reduces the occurrence of desaturation and hypoxemia. Still, there is research which points out to the possibility of breathing in from dead space in the mask, in lower flows, which can partially affect pressure of carbon dioxide in artery blood. AIM: Aim of the research is to examine frequency of hypoxemia and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients treated with oxygen therapy via nasal cannula or oxygen face mask during the first 48 hours following patient extubating in intensive care unit. Also, aim is to examine correlation between patients’ pre-operative characteristics and the choice of one of the two devices for oxygen therapy in early postoperative period. METHODOLOGY: Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina conducted this research on 160 patients who underwent elective surgical procedures and received post-operative care in Intensive Care Unit. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups (Group M with oxygen face mask and Group N with nasal cannula) relative to device which was used for post-operative oxygen therapy. Information recorded for all the patients included in the study constituted their gender, age, weight, hight, and body max index. ASA status, as well as NYHA status were also recorded. Research excluded any patient who experienced respiratory complications in post-operative period as well as those who experienced hemodynamic instability. Postoperatively all patients were sedated and on mechanical ventilation therapy in intensive care unit. After transition to spontaneous breathing and extubating, oxygen therapy was applied using oxygen mask (6 l/min) or nasal cannula (4 l/min). Vital parameters were continuously monitored as well as hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and carbon dioxide at the end of the expirium. Gas analysis of artery blood was carried out four times for all participants in the study. All parameters were compared between two examined patient groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS 21. Numerical features are depicted using arithmetic mean and variability rate, and attributive features are depicted with frequency and percentages. Comparison of the values of numerical characteristics between the two groups was performed using Student's t-test, that is, a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The frequency difference in attributive characteristics was tested using χ2 test. To generate adequate statistical model, multivariate regression analysis was applied to examine the link between two or more of features. Significant values are determined if level of significance is p

Published
2019

168. Efficiency Comparison between Nasal Cannula and Oxygen Face Mask for Oxygen Therapy during Postoperative Period

Author

Plećaš-Đurić, Aleksandra, Uram-Benka, Anna, Drašković, Biljana, Palibrk, Ivan, Vicković, Sanja, Uvelin, Arsen, and Jovanović, Gordana

Subjects
inhalaciona terapija kiseonikom, postoperativn period, gasna analiza krvi, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, Masks, anestezija, Oxygen Consumption, hipoksija, potrošnja kiseonika, nazalna kanila, Cannula, Anesthesia, inhalacione maske, Postoperative Period, Blood Gas Analysis, Hypoxia
Abstract

UVOD: Anestezija je povezana sa promenama ventilacije, koje počinju sa prvim datim lekom, a mogu da traju i danima posle hirurške intervencije. Hipoksemija je najočiglednija posledica ove promene. U anesteziološkoj praksi i perioperativnom tretmanu bolesnika kiseonička terapija zauzima značajno mesto. Još uvek ne postoje jasne, na dokazima zasnovane, smernice za upotrebu kiseoničke terapije u postoperativnom periodu. Razlog verovatno leži u činjenici da veliki broj faktora može da utiče na ishod lečenja hirurškog bolesnika i zato je teško ispitati njihove pojedinačne uticaje. Kiseonička terapija tretira ili prevenira nastanak hipoksije obezbeđujući inspiratornu koncentraciju kiseonika veću od iste u vazduhu. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata u postoperativnom periodu ne postoji potreba za strogom kontrolom inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, a administracija kiseoničke terapije sprovodi se primenom uređaja niskog protoka i varijabilne performanse, kao što su nazalna kanila i kiseonička maska za lice. Brojna istraživanja poslednjih decenija pokušala su da daju odgovor na pitanja da li postoji stvarna razlika u primeni ova dva uređaja, posebno u svetlu razvoja hipoksemije u postoperativnom periodu. Prednosti primene nazalne kanile su bolje prihvatanje od strane bolesnika u poređenju sa maskom, obično zbog manje izraženog osećaja klaustrofobije pri upotrebi nazalne kanile. Nazalna kanila, ne zahteva uklanjanje prilikom nege usne duplje ili per os unosa što obezbeđuje kontinuitet u isporuci kiseonika. Nedostaci nazalne kanile vezani su za otežanu primenu kod bolesnika sa nazogastričnom sondom ili otežanim disanjem na nos. Pri protocima većim od 4 litre u mnuti može izazvati nelagodnost na nosnoj sluznici bolesnika. Literaturni podaci, ukazuju da se primenom kiseoničke maske ipak postižu veće inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, te da se epizode desaturacije i hipoksemije znatno ređe javljaju. Međutim, postoje i istraživanja koja ukazuju na mogućnost ponovnog udisanja vazduha iz mrtvog prostora maske, pri nižim protocima što može uticati na parcijalni pritisak ugljen-dioksida u arterijskoj krvi. CILJEVI: Ciljevi istraživanja su da se ispitata učestalost javljanja hipoksemije unutar 48 sati od ekstubacije kod bolesnika u jedinici intezivne terapije, zatima da se ispita pojava desaturacije, da se utvrditi učestalost potrebe za primenom neinvazivne mehaničke ventilacije pozitivnim pritiskom kod bolesnika u jedinici intezivne terapije kod kojih se primenjuje kiseonička terapija putem nazalne kanile, odnosno kiseoničke maske. Takođe, cilj je i da se ispita da li postoji povezanost preoperativnih karakteristika bolesnika sa eventualnim izborom jednog od dva uređaja za primenu kiseoničke terapije u ranom postoperativnom periodu. METODOLOGIJA: Na Klinici za anesteziju i intenzivnu terapiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine sprovedeno je prospektivno istraživanje kojim je obuhvaćeno 160 pacijenata nakon elektivnih hrurških procedura, koji su nakon operativnog zahvata praćeni u jedinici intenzivne terapije. Pacijenti su randomizovani u dve grupe (grupa M – kiseonička maska i grupa N – nazalna kanila) u odnosu na uređaj kojim je sprovođena postoperativna kiseonička terapija. Za sve pacijente uključene u studiju evidentirana je pol, starost, telesna masa, telesna visina, izračunat indeks telesne mase. Evidentiran je i ASA status, kao i NYHA status. U istraživanje nisu uključeni pacijenti sa plućnim komorbiditetima. Iz istraživanja su isključeni svi oni bolesnici kod kojih je došlo do respiratornih komplikacija u perioperativnom periodu, kao i onih kod kojih je bila prisutna hemodinamska nestabilnost. Postoperativno svi pacijenti su sedirani, na mehaničkoj ventilaciji smešteni u jedinicu intenzivne terapije. Nakon prevođenja na spontano disanje i ekstubacije započinjana je primena kiseonika putem kiseoničke maske za lice (6 l/min) odnosno nazalne kanile (4 l/min). Sprovođen je kontinuirani monitoring vitalnih parametara, saturacije hemoglobina kiseonikom, kao i novo ugljen-dioksida na kraju ekspirijuma. Kod svih pacijenata u četiri vremena rađene su gasne analize arterijske krvi. Svi praćeni parametri poređeni su između dve ispitivane grupe pacijenata. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćen je programski paket Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS 21. Numerička obeležja su prikazana putem srednjih vrednosti (aritmetička sredina) i mera varijabiliteta (opseg vrednosti, standardna devijacija), a atributivna obeležja korišćenjem frekvencija i procenata. Komparacija vrednosti numeričkih obeležja između dve grupe vršena je primenom Studentovog t- testa, odnosno neparametrijskog Mann- Whitney testa. Testiranje razlike frekvencija atributivnih obeležja vršeno je primenom χ2 testa. U cilju ispitivanja povezanosti dva ili više obeležja, odnosno generisanja adekvatnih statističkih modela, korišćena je multivarijantna regresiona analiza. Statistički značajnim se smatraju vrednosti nivoa značajnosti p

Published
2019

172. Salivary and plasma inflammatory mediators and secretory status in preterm delivery women with periodontitis - a cross sectional study

Author

Nikolić, Ljubinka, Nikolić, Ljubinka, Čakić, Saša, Perunović, Neda, Čolak, Emina, Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena, Janković, Saša, Djurić, Milanko, Plećaš, Darko, Nikolić, Ljubinka, Nikolić, Ljubinka, Čakić, Saša, Perunović, Neda, Čolak, Emina, Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena, Janković, Saša, Djurić, Milanko, and Plećaš, Darko

Abstract

Bacground/Aim. Preterm birth is defined as a delivery prior to the completed 37th week of gestation. Literature data suggested that periodontal processes may influence to the feto-placental unit and induce preterm delivery. The degree of the periodontal disease is influenced by secretor status. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in periodontitis as well as in delivery. The combined influence of these factors on the risk of preterm birth has not been explored. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between periodontal diseases, secretor status, and interleukin-1-β (IL1-ß) and prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) levels in women delivered preterm. Methods. The study included 56 preterm delivery women and 56 women delivered at term as a control group, aged between 17 and 41 years. Periodontal examination, blood and saliva sampling were performed within 48 hours following delivery. Secretor phenotype was determined by hemagglutination inhibition method. The concentrations of IL1-ß and PGE2 were measured by high sensitivity Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results. In the pre-term birth group there were 66.1% of women with periodontitis, while in the control one there were 12.5% (p < 0.01). Concentrations of IL1-ß and PGE2 in plasma were significantly higher in the non-secretor group of women who gave birth pre-term and had periodontitis comparing to other groups. There was a significant correlation between salivary and plasma levels of PGE2 and IL1-ß in the preterm birth group (R = 0.416, p = 0.017 and R = -0.592, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no such correlations in women who delivered at term. Conclusion. Our results support the hypothesis that non-secretor phenotype and periodontitis are at least in part responsible for pathogenesis of preterm birth. This probability of negative impact of non-secretor status cannot be ignored. These findings support the need for additional research into the biology of human parturition. © 2020 Inst. Sci. i, Uvod/Cilj. Prevremeni porođaj se definiše kao porođaj pre navršene 37 nedelje gestacije. Podaci iz literature govore u prilog tome da periodontalni procesi mogu uticati na fetoplacentalnu jedinicu i indukovati preterminski porođaj. Sekretorni status može uticati na stepen periodontalne bolesti. Proinflamatorni citokini imaju uticaj na periodontitis kao i na porođaj. Kombinovani uticaj ovih faktora rizika za prevremeni porođaj nije dovoljno istražen. Cilj ove studije je bio da istraži povezanost između periodontalne bolesti, sekretornog statusa, nivoa interleukina 1-b (IL1-b) i prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) kod žena koje su imale prevremeni porođaj. Metode. Studijom je bilo obuhvaćeno 56 žena, koje su imale prevremen porođaj i 56 žena u kontrolnoj grupi koje su se porodile u terminu, starosti između 17 i 41 godine. Periodontalni pregled, uzorkovanje krvi i salive je izvršeno u prvih 48 sati po porođaju. Sekretorni status je određen metodom inhibicije hemaglutinacije. Koncentracije IL1-b i PGE2 su merene visoko senzitivnim Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) testom. Rezultati. U grupi prevremenih porođaja bilo je 66,1% žena sa periodontitisom, a u kontrolnoj grupi 12,5% (p < 0.01). Prevremeno porođene žena, nesekretori sa periodontitisom imale su u plazmi značajno više vrednosti IL 1-b i PGE 2 u odnosu na ostale grupe (p < 0,01). U grupi prevremeno porođenih žena postojala je značajna korelacija između salivarnih i plazmatskih koncentracija PGE2 i IL1-b (R = 0.416, p = 0.017 i R = -0,592, p < 0,001, redom). Ove korelacije nisu postojale kod žena koje su imale terminski porođaj. Zaključak. Naši rezultati podržavaju hipotezu da su sekretorni status i periodontitis, bar delimično, odgovorni za patogenezu preterminskog porođaja. Verovatnoća negativnog uticaja nesekretornog statusa se ne sme ignorisati. Ovi zaključci ukazuju na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjima porođaja.

Published
2020

183. ACTH, Cortisol and IL-6 Levels in Athletes Following Magnesium Supplementation

Author

Bosiljka Plećaš-Solarović, Gordana Dmitrašinović, Dušanka Stanić, Vesna Pešić, Svetlana Ignjatović, and Marijana Dajak

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, Lymphocyte, chemistry.chemical_element, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical exercise, lcsh:Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Basal (phylogenetics), 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, magnesium supplementation, lcsh:QD415-436, Interleukin 6, Magnesium ion, Morning, Original Paper, IL-6, biology, business.industry, Magnesium, 030229 sport sciences, amateur rugby, ACTH, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, serum/saliva cortisol, biology.protein, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Physical exercise activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and induces the body's inflammatory response. Due to contemporary dietary habits and increased energy expenditure, athletes are susceptible to depletion of magnesium ions. The aim of our study was to investigate, through assessment of plasma ACTH, serum IL-6, and salivary/serum cortisol levels, if chronic magnesium supplementation might reduce damaging stress effects in amateur rugby players.Rugby players (N=23) were randomly assigned to intervention and control group. Basal samples were collected before intervention group started a 4-week-long supplementation with magnesium (500 mg Mg/d). Blood and saliva sampling were done a day before the match (Day-1), on the morning of competition (Game), and during a six-day-long recovery period (Day1, Day3 and Day6). ACTH, serum/salivary cortisol, IL-6 and total/differential leukocytes counts were determined at each time point.There was a statistically significant increase in ACTH concentration in intervention group compared to control group, while reductions in cortisol concentrations between the two groups were the greatest at Day-1 (p0.01) and at the day of competition (Game) (p0.01). Our results revealed that magnesium completely abolished the increase in IL-6 level noted in control group on Day1 and Day3 vs. Day-1 (p0.01) and also diminished the rise in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in intervention group vs. control group (p0.01).These results suggest the possibly important influence magnesium supplementation might have on the change of parameters of HPA axis activity and reduction of immune response activation following strenuous physical exercise such as a rugby game.Fizičko vežbanje aktivira hipotalamo-hipofizno-nad-bubrežnu (HPA) osovinu i indukuje inflamatorni odgovor organizma. Sportisti su, zbog savremenih navika u ishrani i povećanog utroška energije, posebno podložni nastanku deplecije jona magnezijuma. Cilj naše studije bio je da se, praćenjem nivoa ACTH, serumskog IL-6 i nivoa salivarnog/serumskog kortizola, ispita da li hronična suplementacija magnezijumom može da smanji štetne efekte stresa kod amaterskih ragbi igrača.Ragbi igrači (N=23) nasumice su podeljeni u interventnu i kontrolnu grupu. Bazalni uzorci su prikupljeni pre nego što je interventna grupa započela suplementaciju magnezijumom (500 mg Mg/dan). Krv i saliva su uzorkovani dan pre utakmice (Day-1), na dan takmičenja (Game) i tokom 6 dana perioda oporavka (Day1, Day3 and Day6). ACTH, serumski/salivarni kortizol, IL-6 kao i ukupan/diferencijalni broj leukocita su određeni u svakoj tački vremena.Uočen je statistički značajan porast u koncentraciji ACTH u interventnoj grupi u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom, dok je sniženje nivoa kortizola, između ispitivanih grupa bilo najveće dan pre utakmice (Day-1) (p0,01) i na dan utakmice (Game) (p0,01). Naši rezultati su pokazali da je magnezijum u potpunosti poništio porast IL-6 koji je primećen u kontrolnoj grupi prvog (Day1) i trećeg dana (Day3) posle utakmice u odnosu na dan pre utakmice (Day-1) (p0,01) i doveo do sniženja odnosa između neutrofila i limfocita u interventnoj grupi u odnosu na kontrolnu (p0,01).Ovi rezultati ukazuju na potencijalno značajan uticaj koji suplementacija magnezijumom može imati na parametre aktivnosti HPA osovine i na smanjenje aktivacije imunog odgovora nakon napornog fizičkog vežbanja kao što je ragbi utakmica.

Published
2016
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185. The Stoic notion of friendship

Author

Plećaš, Tamara

Subjects
Aristotel, Roman Stoics, politika, virtue ethics, samodovoljnost, Platon, Aristotle, etika vrlina, friendship, prijateljstvo, selfsufficiency, politics, Rimski stoici, Plato
Abstract

Cilj ovog rada jeste da ispitamo stoičko shvatanje prijateljstva, i to tako što ćemo ispitati svakodnevna, uobičajena određenja, ali i filozofska shvatanja idealnog prijateljstva koja su formativno uticala na stoičku misao. Pritom ćemo se najviše pozivati na Platonova i Aristotelova shvatanja prijateljstva. Stoici će, suočeni sa određenim brojem izazova od kojih su neki, poput "problema" samodovoljnosti, naznačeni još u Platonovom Lisidu, razviti jedan normativni ideal prijateljstva. Taj se ideal, kako se ispostavlja, mogao razvijati i po ugledu na neka politička prijateljstva. The aim of this paper is to examine the Stoic notion of friendship. First, we will examine everyday and common understanding of friendship, and afterwards we will examine philosophical understanding of ideal friendship that influenced Stoics thought. Plato's and Aristotle's notion of friendship is of great importance to the Stoics. The Stoics, faced with a number of challenges, such as the problem of self-sufficiency outlined in Plato's Lysis, developed a normative ideal of friendship. That ideal, as we will demonstrate, could also be developed under the influence of everyday political friendships.

Published
2019

186. Ketamine in a model of depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants

Author

Bojan Batinić, Dušanka Stanić, Ana Dobrosavljević, Bosiljka Plećaš, and Vesna Pešić

Subjects
Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurology, chemistry, Anesthesia, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Ketamine, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biological Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), medicine.drug, Tricyclic
Abstract

31st ECNP Congress, 6 - 9 October 2018, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2019

187. Utjecaj vanjske temperature na koncepciju i održavanje gravidnosti kobila

Author

Plećaš, Ante

Subjects
fiziologija rasplođivanja, globalno zagrijavanje, klimatske promjene, toplinski stres
Abstract

Globalno zagrijavanje je fenomen koji u novije vrijeme sve više dobiva na važnosti izazivajući strah i zabrinutost cjelokupnog čovječanstva. Predstavlja postupno zagrijavanje Zemljine površine i nižih slojeva atmosfere. Posljednjih desetljeća klimatske prilike na Zemlji drastično su se promijenile. Prosječna globalna temperatura zraka rapidno se povećavala što je dovelo do teških posljedica za život na Zemlji. Promjene klimatskih prilika uvelike utječu na zdravlje i kvalitetu života kako ljudi, tako i životinjskih i biljnih zajednica neprilagođenih na promjene koje su ih zatekle. Konji, koji su glavna tema ovog rada, kao vrsta našli su se pred evolucijskim izazovom. Povišena temperatura zraka djeluje kao stresor te remeti normalne fiziološke funkcije organizma. Negativno utječe na reproduktivni status muških, ali poglavito ženskih jedinki čime se u pitanje dovodi i potencijalni opstanak vrste u krajevima koji su nekad spadali pod krajeve s umjerenom klimom, ako znamo da je trend zagrijavanja izraženiji nad kopnenim područjima s tendencijom rasta od ekvatora prema polovima. Kao posljedica toplinskog stresa kod kobila dolazi do promjena na reproduktivnom sustavu i njemu pridruženim sustavima što u konačnici može rezultirati neredovitim ciklusima, propadanjem zametnih stanica, pobačajima ili mutacijama.

Published
2019

189. Simbolika moderne bajke 'Mali princ'

Author

Plećaš, Andrijana and Knežević, Sanja

Subjects
stars, ljubav, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Theory and History of Literature, ruža, HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Teorija i povijest književnosti, zvijezde, symbol, Little prince, friendship, prijateljstvo, lilac, Mali princ, simbol, lisac, Mali princ, moderna bajka, simboli, rose, love
Abstract

Završni rad prikazuje simboliku moderne bajke Mali princ, autora Antoinea de SaintExupéry-a. Na samom početku, uz navedene biografske podatke autora, uočljiva je poveznica između zrakoplovstva s bajkom Mali princ. U radu je definiran pojam moderne bajke s primjerima iz djela te je analizirana simbolika bajke. Središnji dio rada obuhvaća analizu simbolike motiva koji su smješteni u središte radnje, a to su: zvijezde, lisac, ruža i planeti koje je posjetio Mali princ. Mali princ djelo je koje se vinulo u sami vrh dječje književnosti, ali ipak je veći trag ostavilo u književnosti za odrasle. The final paper presents the symbol of the modern fairy tale of The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. At the beginning, along with the aforementioned biographical data of the author, the link between aviation and the fairytale The Little prince is notable. The paper describes the concept of modern fairy tale with examples from the liteary work along with this, simbolistic mening of a fairy tale is analyzed. The central part of the work involves the analysis of the symbolic signs that are located at the center of the action, namely: stars, leaves, roses and planets visited by the Little Prince. The Little prince is a work that has risen to the very top of children's literature, but still leaves a bigger impact on adult literature.

Published
2018

190. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of selected Juniperus species

Author

Plećaš, Ana-Marija and Kindl, Marija

Subjects
Juniperus oxycedrus, tannins, flavonoids, antioksidacijsko djelovanje, flavonoidi, antioxidant activity, Juniperus communis, Juniperus phoenicea, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija, trjeslovine, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy
Abstract

U okviru ovog diplomskog rada istražen je fitokemijski sastav i antioksidacijski učinak polifenolnih sastavnica u etanolnim ekstraktima listova i grančica odabranih vrsta roda Juniperus iz hrvatske flore (J. communis, J. oxycedrus i J. phoenicea). Metodom tankoslojne kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti dokazana je prisutnost flavonoida i trjeslovina te su vrste J. communis i J. oxycedrus istaknute kao bogat izvor rutina. Primjenom različitih spektrofotometrijskih metoda određeno je da listovi i grančice istraživanih vrsta sadrže 3,0-3,9 % ukupnih polifenola među kojima 0,4-0,5 % flavonoida i 1,2-1,8 % trjeslovina, od toga 0,2-0,4 % procijanidina. Antioksidacijski učinak etanolnih ekstrakata ispitan je različitim spektrofotometrijskim metodama u usporedbi s troloksom. Utvrđeno je da ekstrakti odabranih biljnih vrsta posjeduju sposobnost hvatanja slobodnih DPPH radikala (IC50: 3,4-6,2 μg/mL) i redukcije iona željeza(III) (IC50: 13,7- 21,5 μg/mL). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su istraživane vrste roda Juniperus bogat izvor polifenolnih spojeva koji vrlo vjerojatno doprinose utvrđenoj antioksidacijskoj aktivnosti njihovih etanolnih ekstrakata. The phytochemical composition and the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in the ethanolic extracts of leaves and branches of selected Juniperus species from the Croatian flora (J. communis, J. oxycedrus and J. phoenicea) were studied in this thesis. Flavonoids and tannins were detected with high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Moreover, J. communis and J. oxycedrus were found to be a rich source or rutin. The content of 3.0-3.9 % of total polyphenols in the leaves and branches, as well as 0.4-0.5 % of flavonoids and 1.2-1.8 % of tannins (out of which 0.2-0.4 % of procyanidins) among them was determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was tested by using various spectrophotometric methods in comparison with trolox. Our study revealed that tested extracts possessed DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (IC50: 3.4-6.2 μg/mL), as well as ferric reducing ability (IC50: 13.7-21.5 μg/mL). According to the results, the investigated species of the Juniperus genus are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds which most likely contribute to the confirmed antioxidant activity of their ethanolic extracts.

Published
2018

191. Ekologija životinja - praktikum, drugo izdanje.

Author

Krpo Ćetković, Jasmina, Krpo Ćetković, Jasmina, Stamenković, Srđan, Plećaš, Milan, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Bila Dubaić, Jovana, Subotić, Srđan, Krpo Ćetković, Jasmina, Krpo Ćetković, Jasmina, Stamenković, Srđan, Plećaš, Milan, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Bila Dubaić, Jovana, and Subotić, Srđan

Published
2019

192. Poređenje efikasnosti upotrebe nazalne kanile i kiseoničke maske za lice kod primene kiseoničke terapije u postoperativnom periodu

Author

Uram-Benka, Anna, Drašković, Biljana, Palibrk, Ivan, Vicković, Sanja, Uvelin, Arsen, Jovanović, Gordana, Plećaš-Đurić, Aleksandra, Uram-Benka, Anna, Drašković, Biljana, Palibrk, Ivan, Vicković, Sanja, Uvelin, Arsen, Jovanović, Gordana, and Plećaš-Đurić, Aleksandra

Abstract

UVOD: Anestezija je povezana sa promenama ventilacije, koje počinju sa prvim datim lekom, a mogu da traju i danima posle hirurške intervencije. Hipoksemija je najočiglednija posledica ove promene. U anesteziološkoj praksi i perioperativnom tretmanu bolesnika kiseonička terapija zauzima značajno mesto. Još uvek ne postoje jasne, na dokazima zasnovane, smernice za upotrebu kiseoničke terapije u postoperativnom periodu. Razlog verovatno leži u činjenici da veliki broj faktora može da utiče na ishod lečenja hirurškog bolesnika i zato je teško ispitati njihove pojedinačne uticaje. Kiseonička terapija tretira ili prevenira nastanak hipoksije obezbeđujući inspiratornu koncentraciju kiseonika veću od iste u vazduhu. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata u postoperativnom periodu ne postoji potreba za strogom kontrolom inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, a administracija kiseoničke terapije sprovodi se primenom uređaja niskog protoka i varijabilne performanse, kao što su nazalna kanila i kiseonička maska za lice. Brojna istraživanja poslednjih decenija pokušala su da daju odgovor na pitanja da li postoji stvarna razlika u primeni ova dva uređaja, posebno u svetlu razvoja hipoksemije u postoperativnom periodu. Prednosti primene nazalne kanile su bolje prihvatanje od strane bolesnika u poređenju sa maskom, obično zbog manje izraženog osećaja klaustrofobije pri upotrebi nazalne kanile. Nazalna kanila, ne zahteva uklanjanje prilikom nege usne duplje ili per os unosa što obezbeđuje kontinuitet u isporuci kiseonika. Nedostaci nazalne kanile vezani su za otežanu primenu kod bolesnika sa nazogastričnom sondom ili otežanim disanjem na nos. Pri protocima većim od 4 litre u mnuti može izazvati nelagodnost na nosnoj sluznici bolesnika. Literaturni podaci, ukazuju da se primenom kiseoničke maske ipak postižu veće inspiratorne koncentracije kiseonika, te da se epizode desaturacije i hipoksemije znatno ređe javljaju. Međutim, postoje i istraživanja koja ukazuju na mogućnost ponovnog udisanja vaz, INTRODUCTION: Anesthesiology is associated with vicissitudes in ventilation, which start with application of first medicine and last for days following surgical intervention. Hypoxemia is a most common side effect of vicissitudes in ventilation. Oxygen therapy is important in anesthesiology and post-operative treatment of a patient. There are no clear evidence-based guidelines for application of oxygen therapy in post-operative period. Numerous factors influence patient’s treatment outcome and it is difficult to examine each factor’s independent impact. Oxygen therapy treats or prevents occurrence of hypoxemia by providing inspiratory concentration of oxygen greater than the amount found in air. Most patients in post-operative period don’t require vigilant control of inspiratory concentration of oxygen, and administration of oxygen therapy is implemented with a low flow device with variable performances such as nasal cannula and oxygen face mask. Various research attempts where made in the last decades to discover an evident difference between these two devices, especially in cases where hypoxemia occurred in post-operative period. One advantage to using nasal cannula over oxygen face mask is that its better perceived by a patient as it reduces feeling of claustrophobia. Nasal cannula doesn’t need to be removed during oral cavity care or “per os” intake which ensures continuous oxygen delivery. The drawback to using nasal cannula is that its challenging to insert it in a patient with nasogastric tube or difficult nasal breathing. Also, patient can experience nasal discomfort if the oxygen flow is bigger than four litters per minute. Literature data shows that application of oxygen trough the face mask achieves greater inspiratory concentrations of oxygen, and reduces the occurrence of desaturation and hypoxemia. Still, there is research which points out to the possibility of breathing in from dead space in the mask, in lower flows, which can partially affect pressur

Published
2019

193. Stoičko shvatanje prijateljstva

Author

Plećaš, Tamara and Plećaš, Tamara

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada jeste da ispitamo stoičko shvatanje prijateljstva, i to tako što ćemo ispitati svakodnevna, uobičajena određenja, ali i filozofska shvatanja idealnog prijateljstva koja su formativno uticala na stoičku misao. Pritom ćemo se najviše pozivati na Platonova i Aristotelova shvatanja prijateljstva. Stoici će, suočeni sa određenim brojem izazova od kojih su neki, poput "problema" samodovoljnosti, naznačeni još u Platonovom Lisidu, razviti jedan normativni ideal prijateljstva. Taj se ideal, kako se ispostavlja, mogao razvijati i po ugledu na neka politička prijateljstva., The aim of this paper is to examine the Stoic notion of friendship. First, we will examine everyday and common understanding of friendship, and afterwards we will examine philosophical understanding of ideal friendship that influenced Stoics thought. Plato's and Aristotle's notion of friendship is of great importance to the Stoics. The Stoics, faced with a number of challenges, such as the problem of self-sufficiency outlined in Plato's Lysis, developed a normative ideal of friendship. That ideal, as we will demonstrate, could also be developed under the influence of everyday political friendships.

Published
2019

195. The Consequences of Illegal Construction on the Environment

Author

Jelić, Ivana, Šljivić-Ivanović, Marija Z., Dimović, Slavko, Vujović, Zoran, Plećaš, Ilija, Jelić, Ivana, Šljivić-Ivanović, Marija Z., Dimović, Slavko, Vujović, Zoran, and Plećaš, Ilija

Abstract

This paper aims to summarize the main consequences of illegal building development for the environment. The negative factors of this phenomenon will be discussed according to the available literature data. The illegally built buildings often disrupt the human living environment or ruin the landscape, agricultural or forest land. Buildings without urban permits might have negative impacts on biodiversity, and create geomorphological and hydrological problems (e.g. landslides, disturbance of watercourses or groundwater flows, etc.), which further could lead to many accidents, i.e. floods or inadequate water supply, food chain disruption, and pest appearance. Buildings with poor energy efficiency performance have negative impacts regarding climate change, contribute to atmospheric pollution and overconsumption of natural resources, especially of fossil fuels. The negative impacts range from aesthetic deterioration of landscape, threats to biodiversity and soil degradation to increased vulnerability of human settlements and health, local water contamination or drying of households’ draw wells. Uncontrolled generation of waste during building construction and use, as well as its disposal, especially in urban areas, could have major negative environmental impacts.

Published
2019

196. Impact of Informal Settlements on the Environment in Southeast Europe – A Review

Author

Šljivić-Ivanović, Marija Z., Jelić, Ivana, Dimović, Slavko, Vujović, Zoran, Plećaš, Ilija, Šljivić-Ivanović, Marija Z., Jelić, Ivana, Dimović, Slavko, Vujović, Zoran, and Plećaš, Ilija

Abstract

Informal settlements are human settlements which, for various reasons, do not fulfill the conditions for legal recognition. The large-scale informal construction has resulted in an unplanned expansion of zones around cities suburb, usurpation of agricultural and public land and huge development problems regarding social, traffic and communal infrastructure, as well as the environment. Informal settlements are usually connected to an electrical and telecommunication network, and rarely on the water supply network. The most serious problem is the lack of sewage systems (less than 30%) due to high costs, which is further associated with adverse environmental impacts. A similar situation occurs with garbage collection and storage. In many cases the common informal communal equipment exists, but below prescribed standards which often threaten the ecological and living conditions. During the rapid development when regions are facing economic changes and challenges arising from environmental threats, various institutions have adopted numerous planning documents. One of them is the EU Directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). The SEA aims are regulation, i.e. legalization and improving informal settlements in the environmental and sustainable manner, as well as prevention of their future forming. The SEA is particularly relevant in the context of transition countries that a numerous strategies decisions are made with significant implications on the environment. Practically, all these countries have introduced SEA into their legal framework. National legislation relating to the environment usually are contained in one law (Environmental law), but in some states, the regulatory framework for environmental issues is very developed, as in Serbia by the several laws concerning the environment. A similar regulatory framework exists in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Macedonia and Bulgaria. The phenomenon of informal settlements is very noticeable in Montenegro, Turkey

Published
2019

197. A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production

Author

Dainese, Matteo, Martin, Emily A., Aizen, Marcelo A., Albrecht, Matthias, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Carvalheiro, Luisa G., Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Gagic, Vesna, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Grab, Heather, Jonsson, Mattias, Karp, Daniel S., Kennedy, Christina M., Kleijn, David, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Letourneau, Deborah K., Marini, Lorenzo, Poveda, Katja, Rader, Romina, Smith, Henrik G., Tscharntke, Teja, Andersson, Georg K.S., Badenhausser, Isabelle, Baensch, Svenja, Bezerra, Antonio D.M., Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Boreux, Virginie, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Caballero-Lopez, Berta, Cavigliasso, Pablo, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Chacoff, Natacha P., Classen, Alice, Cusser, Sarah, Da Silva E Silva, Felipe D., de Groot, G.A., Dudenhöffer, Jan H., Ekroos, Johan, Fijen, Thijs, Franck, Pierre, Freitas, Breno M., Garratt, Michael P.D., Gratton, Claudio, Hipólito, Juliana, Holzschuh, Andrea, Hunt, Lauren, Iverson, Aaron L., Jha, Shalene, Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N., Kishinevsky, Miriam, Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra Maria, Krewenka, Kristin M., Krishnan, Smitha, Larsen, Ashley E., Lavigne, Claire, Liere, Heidi, Maas, Bea, Mallinger, Rachel E., Pachon, Eliana Martinez, Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, Meehan, Timothy D., Mitchell, Matthew G.E., Molina, Gonzalo A.R., Nesper, Maike, Nilsson, Lovisa, O'Rourke, Megan E., Peters, Marcell K., Plećaš, Milan, Potts, Simon G., de L. Ramos, Davi, Rosenheim, Jay A., Rundlöf, Maj, Rusch, Adrien, Sáez, Agustín, Scheper, Jeroen, Schleuning, Matthias, Schmack, Julia M., Sciligo, Amber R., Seymour, Colleen, Stanley, Dara A., Stewart, Rebecca, Stout, Jane C., Sutter, Louis, Takada, Mayura B., Taki, Hisatomo, Tamburini, Giovanni, Tschumi, Matthias, Viana, Blandina F., Westphal, Catrin, Willcox, Bryony K., Wratten, Stephen D., Yoshioka, Akira, Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos, Zhang, Wei, Zou, Yi, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Dainese, Matteo, Martin, Emily A., Aizen, Marcelo A., Albrecht, Matthias, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Carvalheiro, Luisa G., Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Gagic, Vesna, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Ghazoul, Jaboury, Grab, Heather, Jonsson, Mattias, Karp, Daniel S., Kennedy, Christina M., Kleijn, David, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Letourneau, Deborah K., Marini, Lorenzo, Poveda, Katja, Rader, Romina, Smith, Henrik G., Tscharntke, Teja, Andersson, Georg K.S., Badenhausser, Isabelle, Baensch, Svenja, Bezerra, Antonio D.M., Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Boreux, Virginie, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Caballero-Lopez, Berta, Cavigliasso, Pablo, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Chacoff, Natacha P., Classen, Alice, Cusser, Sarah, Da Silva E Silva, Felipe D., de Groot, G.A., Dudenhöffer, Jan H., Ekroos, Johan, Fijen, Thijs, Franck, Pierre, Freitas, Breno M., Garratt, Michael P.D., Gratton, Claudio, Hipólito, Juliana, Holzschuh, Andrea, Hunt, Lauren, Iverson, Aaron L., Jha, Shalene, Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N., Kishinevsky, Miriam, Klatt, Björn K., Klein, Alexandra Maria, Krewenka, Kristin M., Krishnan, Smitha, Larsen, Ashley E., Lavigne, Claire, Liere, Heidi, Maas, Bea, Mallinger, Rachel E., Pachon, Eliana Martinez, Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, Meehan, Timothy D., Mitchell, Matthew G.E., Molina, Gonzalo A.R., Nesper, Maike, Nilsson, Lovisa, O'Rourke, Megan E., Peters, Marcell K., Plećaš, Milan, Potts, Simon G., de L. Ramos, Davi, Rosenheim, Jay A., Rundlöf, Maj, Rusch, Adrien, Sáez, Agustín, Scheper, Jeroen, Schleuning, Matthias, Schmack, Julia M., Sciligo, Amber R., Seymour, Colleen, Stanley, Dara A., Stewart, Rebecca, Stout, Jane C., Sutter, Louis, Takada, Mayura B., Taki, Hisatomo, Tamburini, Giovanni, Tschumi, Matthias, Viana, Blandina F., Westphal, Catrin, Willcox, Bryony K., Wratten, Stephen D., Yoshioka, Akira, Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos, Zhang, Wei, Zou, Yi, and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

Abstract

Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.

Published
2019

199. First description of movement and ranging behavior of the Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) from Serbia using GPS satellite tracking.

Author

Hribšek, Irena, Plećaš, Milan, Skorić, Stefan, and Marinković, Saša

Subjects
*VULTURES, *ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking, *SATELLITE telemetry
Abstract

Understanding the movement pattern and ranging behavior of the Griffon vulture population in Serbia is of great importance for prioritizing conservation action. In 2011, an immature vulture was the first bird to be equipped with a satellite transmitter in Serbia. Our study aims to define the vulture's foraging areas, home ranges, core and basic areas, and to investigate movement patterns across different years and seasons by analyzing satellite telemetry data. We tracked the movements of the vulture for over three years and obtained satellite tracking data for 34 bird-months (1976 GPS fixes) between October 2011 and July 2014. We determined that the overall foraging area of the vulture across the entire study period was 11654.34 km2. The overall area used by the vulture was larger during spring and summer than during winter periods. Combined ranges across all years identified one basic area and its associated core area around the Uvac colony and nearby feeding site; we identified three core areas in its proximity. This study showed that areas of traditional stock-raising practices are important vulture foraging areas and that supplementary feeding sites have a vital role. Our maps can be used for future planning of vulture conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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