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Evidence describing age‐related differences among children with suspected physical and sexual child abuse is lacking. We describe findings in severe cases of suspected abuse. Cases with 756 children <15 years old were included during 2001–2013 at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, using forensic evaluation documents, medical records, and court proceedings. Eight percent of children <4 years old died from child abuse, 36% through violence resulting in death, and 64% by manslaughter, whereas 1% > 4 years old died, solely by manslaughter. External injuries were mainly located to head and torso in children <4 years old, changing to the upper and lower extremities in older children. Child sexual abuse was suspected in 52% of cases with living children <4 years old, 83% of children 4–7 years of age, 88% of children 8–11 years of age, and 93% of children >12 years old. Anogenital findings were mainly caused by other medical conditions in children <4 years old, hymenal clefts in the superior half of the hymenal rim were almost exclusively found in children between 8 and 11 years of age, whereas both superficial and complete hymenal clefts in the inferior half of the hymenal rim were found in children >12 years old. The present study describes age‐related differences in victims of suspected child abuse. Fatal versus nonfatal child physical abuse and the significance of hymenal findings in child sexual abuse could be studied further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful prevention of physical child abuse is dependent on improvements in risk assessment. The risk of abuse is assumed to increase when family stressors overcome resources. Severe physical disease can increase stress, and parental physical disease has been studied as a risk factor for physical child abuse, but with heterogeneous definitions. This study evaluated the relation between parental physical disease severity and severe documented physical child abuse. Models were based on data on children aged 0–17 years in Denmark between 1997 and 2018, and their parents. Severe documented physical child abuse was modeled as violence against a child registered by either health authorities in treatment or mortality registries, or police authorities in cases confirmed by the courts. Parental physical disease severity was modeled as the sum of Charlson Comorbidity Index scores for the child's parents. The causal connection was examined in two model types: a survival model comparing exposed with non-exposed children, adjusted for covariates at baseline, and a G-model, taking time-varying covariates, including income and parental psychiatric disease into account. Neither model showed an association between parental physical disease severity and severe documented physical child abuse, with RR 0.99 and 95% CI (0.93–1.05) for the survival model and RR 1.08 for the G-model (CI not calculated). Conclusion: In the model studied, parental physical disease severity was not a risk factor for severe documented physical child abuse. Individual categories of physical disease remain to be examined. Trial registration: The study was pre-registered on Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/fh2sr. What is Known: • Parental physical disease severity has been studied previously as a risk indicator of physical child abuse, but based on heterogeneous definitions. • Previous studies have not studied parental physical disease severity preceding physical child abuse. What is New: • Parental severe physical disease was not prospectively associated with severe documented physical child abuse in a survival model, a G-model and a number of sensitivity analyses, respectively. • Results should be replicated in samples from populations without universal health care, and using different categories of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the literature on domestic abuse focuses on those in intimate partner relationships or ex-partners, however, in the UK the Home Office definition also includes those in familial relationships. The Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Harassment and Honour-Based Violence Risk Assessment assumes homogeneous risk factors across all relationships. This paper therefore examines the risk factors for repeat victimization of domestic abuse by relationship type between the victim and perpetrator in a UK police force. Using police-recorded domestic abuse incident and crime data, a logistic regression model found that the most similar repeat victimization risk profiles for 14,519 victims were amongst partners and ex-partners, with both relationships demonstrating the greatest degree of gender asymmetry, compared with other familial relationships. Physical violence was the strongest predictor of repeat victimization and was a statistically significant predictor for ex-partners, partners, and all familial relationships. Coercive behaviour was also a significant predictor for all relationships apart from partners, but not at the same magnitude as physical abuse. Recognizing the difference in risk by relationship type may assist the police in deciding the most appropriate response and interventions to reduce the risk of further harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting programs are the most common intervention for preventing the lethal form of child maltreatment, abusive head trauma (AHT). However, certain results of the effects of these programs have not yet been compared across studies. A systematic review with meta-analysis is warranted to quantitively synthesize the available evidence to identify effective elements and strategies of the programs for preventing AHT. This review aims to estimate AHT preventive parenting programs' pooled effect on the reduction of AHT incidence, the improvement of parental knowledge, and the increased use of safe strategies in response to infants' inconsolable crying. Studies published in English and Mandarin were searched and retained if they were randomized control trials (RCTs) or with a quasi-experimental design, included an AHT preventive parenting program, and provided data that quantified targeted outcomes. Eighteen studies were included in this review. AHT preventive parenting programs had a pooled effect on improving parents' knowledge and increasing the use of safe coping strategies in response to inconsolable crying but not on the incidence of AHT and parents' emotional self-regulation. Subgroup analyses showed that the intervention effects were mostly present across study designs or measurements and emerged in the reduction of AHT incidence compared with historical controls. The findings suggest that AHT preventive parenting programs enhance parenting knowledge and skills to provide safe care for infants. Further efforts to evaluate AHT parenting programs on the reduction of AHT incidence are necessary for decision-making on allocating and disseminating interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professionals play a significant role in identifying and reporting child physical abuse (CPA). However, several studies have pointed out non-reporting behavior among these professionals, evidencing difficulties identifying and reporting suspected cases. This review aimed to explore the frequency and possible barriers in identifying and reporting CPA by health professionals worldwide and to identify associated factors. This scoping review was conducted in the Pubmed, Web Of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases between July 2019 and December 2020. Analytical and qualitative observational epidemiological studies were selected and published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, with data on the identification and/or reporting of CPA by health professionals. Twenty studies fulfilled the criteria of this review. The studies were conducted with dentists, nurses, pediatricians, and general practitioners. The frequency of identification of CPA ranged from 50% to 89%, while the frequency of reporting ranged from 8% to 47%. This review revealed that health professionals had a low frequency of reporting of CPA, especially for dentists. In addition, several associated factors and barriers in the identification and reporting of CPA were identified in the studies. These were discussed in five main themes: training and continuing education in CPA, impact on professional practice, experiences and perceptions about child protection services, the threshold for suspicion of the professional, and the professional category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent pregnancy has been on the rise in developing countries, primarily attributed to economic challenges, particularly in Africa and South Asia. West Java Province stands out as one of the leading regions with a high incidence of adolescent pregnancies. Young couples often struggle to adapt to early marriage, resulting in domestic violence and adverse health consequences. Notably, domestic violence is prevalent among young married couples, with Bogor reporting a significant incidence among pregnant adolescents. Mothers play a crucial role in providing protection and resolving domestic issues. This study aimed to investigate mothers' perspectives on domestic violence towards adolescents and their problem-solving strategies. The study employed qualitative methods with a descriptive interpretation approach. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven mothers whose daughters had experienced domestic violence by their husbands during pregnancy, having given birth and entered marriage. Thematic content analysis was employed for data analysis. The central finding is that economic challenges serve as the primary catalyst for domestic violence, manifesting through harsh language and physical abuse, leading to potential harm to the child and miscarriage. Pregnant adolescents often experience psychological distress, exhibiting symptoms such as daydreaming, sadness, crying, and weight loss. Mothers express concern about the domestic violence their daughters endure during pregnancy, attributing it to economic issues. To address the problem, mothers employ various strategies, including seeking advice, providing emotional support, involving health services, mediating, communicating, and reporting incidents to relevant authorities. Maternity nurses should proactively offer information about the risks associated with adolescent pregnancies and early marriage. The government must actively communicate the significance of the risk of early pregnancy, particularly concerning violence, to teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for developing multiple forms of psychopathology, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Yet, the mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and these psychopathologies remain less clear. Objective: Here we examined whether self-stigma, the internalization of negative stereotypes about one’s experiences, mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and symptom severity of depression, PTSD, and anxiety. Methods: Childhood trauma survivors (N = 685, Mage = 36.8) were assessed for childhood maltreatment, self-stigma, and symptoms of depression, PTSD, and anxiety. We used mediation analyses with childhood maltreatment as the independent variable. We then repeated these mediation models separately for childhood abuse and neglect, as well as the different subtypes of childhood maltreatment. Results: Self-stigma significantly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms. For sexual abuse – but not physical or emotional abuse – a significant mediation effect of self-stigma emerged on all symptom types. For childhood neglect, self-stigma significantly mediated the relationship between both emotional and physical neglect and all symptom types. Conclusion: Our cross-sectional study suggests that different types of childhood maltreatment experiences may relate to distinct mental health problems, potentially linked to increased selfstigma. Self-stigma may serve as an important treatment target for survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsustainable power imbalance between corporations and their employees has resulted in the physical and emotional abuse of workers. This power disparity has existed for decades. Congress has stepped in on several occasions to address the problem. Workplace law is at another apex where the power disparity between companies and employees has grown too large. The current failure of our political system has left Congress unable to act. A different approach to workplace power is necessary, and this Article offers a much-needed proposal that addresses existing employer abuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity and substance use are leading preventable causes of mortality, yet their origins in violence remain poorly understood. This study examined child maltreatment in relation to obesity and symptoms consistent with substance use disorder (SUD) in late adolescence, determining the roles of the child maltreatment type and timing, and gender. Method: The sample (N = 1,161) was drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Obesity and SUD were measured at 18 years. Lifetime child protective services records and youth self-reports indicated physical abuse, sexual abuse, supervisory neglect, failure-to-provide neglect, and emotional maltreatment during early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Results: In the overall sample, emotional maltreatment during adolescence was associated with obesity (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.25, 3.30]) and SUD (OR = 2.00, 95% CI [1.20, 3.35]), and adolescent physical abuse with obesity (OR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.36, 3.58]). In girls, early childhood physical abuse was associated with SUD (OR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.08, 5.12]), and emotional maltreatment during adolescence with obesity (OR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.10, 4.23]) and SUD (OR = 3.21, 95% CI [1.37, 7.3 5]). Adolescent physical abuse and obesity were associated in boys (OR = 3.18, 95% CI [1.45, 6.98]). Gender moderation was identified for an inverse relationship between supervisory neglect and obesity in girls (OR =.26, 95% CI [.07,.99]). Conclusions: Type and timing contribute to the effects of child maltreatment, contingent upon gender. Intervention focused on adolescent emotional maltreatment may reduce both SUD and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infants and children under age 3 years have the highest risk of dying from child abuse and neglect. Clinicians treating children must recognize and report child abuse. Barriers to consistent recognition and reporting leave children in harm's way. Often, the signs of abuse in very young children are subtle, and clinicians may fail to recognize and report these signs. Clinicians also must understand the role of bias in the reporting of child abuse and ways to address abuse individually and as part of a larger system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a public health crisis and is challenging to treat. Previous research has shown correlations between OUD, abuse/trauma, and chronic pain. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate history of lifetime sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse among participants in a medication-assisted treatment (MAT) program for OUD, and to investigate associations between abuse history and chronic pain. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of intake data from a 2-year, nonexperimental cohort treatment program of patients with OUD in rural Colorado. De-identified data were provided by 476 adult MAT patients using the Adult Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6). The ASI-6 includes three yes/no questions about history of abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), with separate scoring for "past 30 days" and "lifetime" abuse. RESULTS: Lifetime history among MAT program for OUD patients was 23% for sexual abuse, 43% for physical abuse, and 58% for emotional abuse. History of physical abuse was significantly associated with having a chronic pain diagnosis, χ2 = 4.49, p =.03, and also with higher reported pain levels, t (460) = 2.71, p =.007. CONCLUSION: Lifetime history of physical abuse was associated with OUD and chronic pain, yet standard pain assessments do not assess these factors. In health care settings, the implementation of standardized trauma-informed screening tools, prompt recognition of abuse/trauma history, and adjunct psychological interventions may reduce stigma, reduce opioid use escalation, and help patients overcome OUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the prevalence and predictors of physical abuse of women in Uganda and Malawi. The Demographic Health Survey in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) database served as the data source. The respondents were 5402 women from Uganda and Malawi. The response variable was whether the woman had been physically harmed by her current husband or partner during pregnancy (DVPREGHUSB). We examined six predictor variables. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that four variables were important predictors of DVPREGHUSB: country, marital status, woman's education, and husband's education. Women in Uganda were more likely to be physically abused than women in Malawi. Those who were living together (unmarried), widowed, divorced, or separated were less likely to be physically abused than those who were married. A woman's level of education was not a significant predictor of the physical abuse of women in both Uganda and Malawi. Men with primary education were more likely to physically abuse their wives or partners than those without education. Programs aimed at helping physically abused women must consider the country of residence, marital status, and education of the husband or partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Child labor is widely regarded as one of the most severe forms of child maltreatment (CM), but little is known about how working children, especially in low-income countries like Bangladesh, experience different forms of CM. This paper explores the extent of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse and neglect experienced by working children and determines the important risk factors for these forms of CM among them. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 398 working children from four local Bazars (rural marketplace) of Raiganj Upazila, Sirajganj district, who were enrolled in this study in March and April of 2017, through a snowball approach, due to a lack of a list of working children. The International Child Abuse Screening Tools for Children (ICAST-C) was used to estimate the different forms of CM in this study. Results. Lifetime prevalence of psychological abuse (PsyA), physical abuse (PA), neglect, and sexual abuse (SA) were 100%, 100%, 82.7%, and 13.5%, while the past year prevalence rates were 100%, 84.2%, 67.1%, and 9.9%, respectively. Common forms of PsyA experienced by children include shouting, yelling, or screaming, as well as restrictions on outings and time-outs. PA typically involves slapping on the face or head, hitting with objects (excluding the buttocks), and ear twisting. Watching pornography is the primary form of SA, while the leading form of neglect is unmet medical needs. The prevalence of PsyA, PA, SA, and neglect was higher among children who lived with individuals other than their parents. Both PsyA and PA were found to be associated with family violence, such as the presence of weapons in the household and adults engaging in frightening screaming behavior. Additionally, children who were bullied by their siblings, had a parent with a primary level of education or less, and always felt safe at home were at an increased risk of experiencing PA. Children who did not feel safe at home all the time were more likely to experience SA. Furthermore, for every one-year increase in schooling, the likelihood of experiencing neglect decreased by 8.3% (B : -.157, P value <.003). Conclusion. Nearly all male working children in rural areas of Bangladesh experienced PsyA and PA, and adult negligence was also prevalent. Although male SA is not a widely discussed issue in Bangladesh, the results of this study are alarming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) was officially recognized as a distinct syndrome in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). This recognition aimed to differentiate between neurotic disorders secondary to stressful situations and somatoform disorders, and disorders specifically associated with stress. The inclusion of CPTSD in the ICD-11 marked the culmination of two decades of research focused on understanding its symptoms, treatments, and risk factors. However, despite the progress made, a comprehensive meta-analysis to elucidate the specific risk factors and impact on the development of CPTSD is still lacking. The objective of this article is to conduct such a meta-analysis. A total of 24 studies were selected for analysis, and the findings revealed several key risk factors associated with the development of CPTSD. The main risk factor identified is having experienced sexual abuse in childhood (k = 12; OR = 2.880). In addition, childhood physical abuse (k = 11; OR = 2.841), experiencing emotional neglect during childhood (k = 5; OR = 2.510), physical abuse throughout life (k = 8; OR = 2.149) and being a woman (k = 13; OR = 1.726) were also significant risk factors. • This meta-analysis provides a hierarchical examination of the main risk factors for CPTSD in the current literature. • Evidence shows that childhood sexual abuse is the main risk factor for the development of CPTSD. • We identified that, while PTSD and CPTSD share some risk factors, these show a stronger association with the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional neglect is an under‐recognized but relatively common type of childhood maltreatment. Although it has been reported that adolescents will facilitate positive growth after experiencing childhood maltreatment, such as sexual abuse, it is unknown whether adolescents could also get a promotion after experiencing emotional neglect. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between emotional neglect and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and further explored the potential influence factors underlying such association. Six hundred and thirty‐five adolescents (55.2% female, Mage = 14.12 years old, SD = 1.47) were asked to complete self‐report questionnaires regarding emotional neglect, school engagement, psychological suzhi, and PTG. Results showed that emotional neglect was negatively associated with PTG, and school engagement mediated such association. Further, psychological suzhi moderated the direct pathway from emotional neglect to PTG in which the deleterious effect of emotional neglect on PTG was weaker for adolescents who reported higher psychological suzhi. Meanwhile, psychological suzhi moderated the indirect pathway from emotional neglect to school engagement in the mediated model in which the deleterious effect of emotional neglect on school engagement was weaker for adolescents who reported higher psychological suzhi. Overall, the current study advances our understanding of the relationship between emotional neglect and PTG, and further tests the potential roles of school engagement and psychological suzhi in this relationship. Practitioner points: Emotional neglect may be a factor that impedes the development of adolescents' mental health.It would be necessary to cultivate individuals' psychological suzhi to mitigate the negative effects of external adversities.Fostering students' school engagement could contribute to a promotion in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostitution is historically one of the most violent arenas for women, with exceedingly high rates of physical and sexual abuse reported by prostituted women. In this essay, I examine the debate over how best to provide safety and freedom for women involved in prostitution occurring between advocates for full decriminalization and advocates for the equality model, an abolition initiative led by survivors working for an end to the sex trade. Insights from cultural sociological analyses of actorhood and visibility are applied to reveal the divergent ontologies underlying these two policy pathways. While full decriminalization reforms aim to legalize and regulate prostitution within a capitalist, misogynistic marketplace, advocates for the equality model are committed to transforming social systems so that prostituted people have the opportunity to live their lives outside of the sex trade. Their systems‐changing policy, guided by sophisticated theorization of how best to support women's freedoms, is an exemplary model for ending violence against women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have identified that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality. However, most studies have been restricted to a few types of ACEs. This study aims to investigate the association of 13 common types of ACEs with NSSI, suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SA), as well as the mediation of depressive and anxiety symptoms therein. A total of 1771 (994 male, 777 female) students aged 11–16 (12.9 ± 0.6) years who participated in the baseline survey of the Chinese Adolescent Health Growth Cohort study were included in the analysis. ACEs, including childhood maltreatment, other common forms of ACEs, and smoking, were measured via the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a series of valid questionnaires that were derived from previous studies. NSSI was measured using the Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Self-mutilation. SI and SA were measured using questions derived from the Global School Based Student Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were measured via the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety symptoms were measured via the General Anxiety Disorder-7. Of the included participants, 92.0% reported one or more category of ACEs. Smoking, parent–child separation, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and being bullied were positively associated with NSSI; smoking, parent–child separation, emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and being bullied were positively associated with SI; smoking, emotional abuse, and being bullied were positively associated with SA. The associations of ACEs with NSSI, SI, and SA were each partially or completely mediated through depressive and anxiety symptoms. Children and adolescents who had experiences of smoking, physical abuse, and being bullied during childhood are consistently and independently associated with NSSI and suicidality, and these associations may be largely mediated through depressive and anxiety symptoms. In conclusion, not all the types of ACEs are independently associated with NSSI, and suicidality and other associations may mediate through depressive and anxiety symptoms. Target interventions for adolescents' NSSI and suicidality should focus on those who have a history of ACEs and depressive and anxiety symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against children is a significant problem, particularly during early childhood development. Spanking and other forms of corporal punishment in child-rearing have been used by families worldwide to correct children's unwanted behaviors. Despite previous studies focusing on the negative consequences of these parental practices, open questions remain. The present study aimed to systematically review the empirical studies published in scientific literature that examined the associations between parenting practices of spanking and corporal punishment of mothers and their children's behaviors and development in early childhood. Search was performed in PubMed, APA PsycNet, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS databases using the combination of the following keywords: ((spank OR physical punishment OR physical abuse OR physical maltreatment OR corporal punishment) AND (parenting)) AND (child* development OR child* behavior). The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 34 articles were selected for review. The inclusion criteria were the following: studies that evaluated associations between maternal spanking or corporal punishment practices and behaviors or development of 0-to-6-year-old children; quantitative studies; studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese language. The results showed that in 94% of the studies, there were significant associations between maternal spanking and corporal punishment with deteriorated child behavior and development, concurrently or later. In addition, maternal physical practices also acted as mediators or moderator variables in models that explained behavioral and developmental problems in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abuse of Lithium-ion batteries, both physical and electrochemical, can lead to significantly reduced operational capabilities. In some instances, abuse can cause catastrophic failure, including thermal runaway, combustion, and explosion. Many different test standards that include abuse conditions have been developed, but these generally consider only one condition at a time and only provide go/no-go criteria. In this work, different types of cell abuse are implemented concurrently to determine the extent to which simultaneous abuse conditions aggravate cell degradation and failure. Vibrational loading is chosen to be the consistent type of physical abuse, and the first group of cells is cycled at different vibrational frequencies. The next group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies, with multiple charge pulses occurring during each discharge. The final group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies, with a partial nail puncture occurring near the beginning of cycling. The results show that abusing cells with vibrational loading or vibrational loading with current pulses does not cause a significant decrease in operational capabilities while abusing cells with vibrational loading and a nail puncture drastically reduces operational capabilities. The cells with vibration only experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.09–1.26, the cells with vibration and current pulses experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.16–1.23, and all cells from each group reach their rated lifetime of 500 cycles without reaching their end-of-life capacity. However, the cells with vibration and nail puncture experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 6.83–22.1, and each cell reaches its end-of-life capacity within 50 cycles. Overall, the results show that testing multiple abuse conditions simultaneously provides a better representation of the extreme limitations of cell operation and should be considered for inclusion in reference test standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of victimization in criminal behavior has been researched previously, particularly in justice-involved youth and prison samples. The contribution of such adversity in jail samples is less articulated. The current study examines the effect of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and polyvictimization (physical and sexual abuse) on behavioral health and substance use outcomes in a sample of individuals who went through the intake process at one jail. Through use of logistic regression models, we examined the impact of abuse on internalizing mental health issues, externalizing mental health issues, and substance use disorder. Findings demonstrated relationships between abuse and internalizing disorders, abuse and externalizing disorders, as well as between abuse and substance use disorder, with the effect of sexual abuse greater for women and the impact of polyvictimization larger for men. Policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical violence against children and adolescents is an issue of Global Public Health. This study aims to identify traumatic injuries and the medicolegal temporary framework of the victim's profile in the European legal approach. Participants and setting include the following: the clinical reports of a Portuguese European Clinical Academic Center database were analysed. An observational and prospective cohort study was performed. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted, considering gender, bimodal age groups, place of residence, offender data, place of occurrence, aetiology, localization, type of injuries, personal injury assessment by Quantum doloris , and injury time. The statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau-b correlation tests, Pearson's chi-square test of independence (χ2), and Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests (P  < 0.05). The relationship between age groups and the place of occurrence was statistically significant (P  = 0.001). Orofacial and nonorofacial injuries were related (P  = 0.035). The General Data Protection Regulation is not a barrier to the treatment and sharing of justified data but a framework for safeguarding individuals' fundamental rights, including the Right to Health. Meticulous reporting of the clinical situation involves the victim, the occurrence, and the potential offender. Key points An oral health professional's notification of the event is a fundamental step of the judicial process. The timeline is the core of traumatic injury assessment in a child physical abuse scenario. Medicolegal evaluation impacts disability prevention, imputability, and notification of the crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is evidence that compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is linked with childhood trauma in women and men. This study has investigated the relationships between childhood abuse and neglect and compulsive sexual behavior in a mostly female sample who use dating applications for sex. Participants were 200 adults (164 women and 36 men) mean age 26.88 years (SD = 6.45) range 19–58, 74% were single, 19.5% married, 6.5% divorced or separated. Questionnaires were administered by Google forms and included a demographic questionnaire, the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). There were positive associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), physical and mental abuse and physical neglect, (but not emotional neglect) and CSB. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ratings of child abuse (all apart from emotional neglect) have explained 57% of the variance of sexual addiction scores. This study shows that CSA, mental and physical abuse and physical neglect have been related to CSB. These findings may have clinical implications for understanding and treatment of CSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess lifetime prevalence of childhood abuse and neglect among high school students in Debre Tabor town, south Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess 423 high school students, chosen through a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured and self-administered international child abuse screening tool, child version (ICAST-C). The effect of independent variables on the outcome variable was explored using logistic regression analyses. The level of significances were determined using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.Results: Of the 423 study participants, 84.4% had lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect. Being female (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.38, 8.60), parental marital status (AOR=5.4, 95% CI: 1.07, 27.3), illiteracy of father (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 4.5, 6.03), birth order (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.57, 13.0), open family discussion of sexual matters (AOR=0.37, 95% CI:1.74, 7.86), and watching pornography (AOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.40) were significantly associated with lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect.Conclusion: Lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect was high as compared with previous studies. Being female, parental marital status, illiterate fathers, watching pornography, and open family discussion of sexual matters were predictors of childhood abuse and neglect. Dealing with this issue should be considered an integral component of high school students' care, including parental education and respite care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study elucidates heterogeneity in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) across adolescence in a sample of youth who have experienced myriad types and combinations of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), including substantiated physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and/or at least one other self-reported PTE. A machine learning technique was used to assess a multivariate set of variables (e.g., PTEs, individual risk and protective factors, social risk and protective factors, and racial and ethnic minority status) as predictors of PTSS trajectory group membership. The sample included 498 maltreated (n = 275) and comparison (n = 223) 14-19-year-old female adolescents (M = 15.27, SD = 1.06 at Time 1) assessed annually until age 19. 45.7% of participants were White, 45.3% Black, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% Hispanic, and 7.7% other. Growth mixture modeling identified three distinct trajectories of PTSS: (1) recovery (56%); (2) moderate, chronic (25%); and (3) high, chronic (19%). An elastic net model was used to test predictors of membership in the recovery versus the high, chronic PTSS trajectory groups. Results demonstrated that the recovery trajectory was characterized by the absence of sexual abuse, physical abuse, and other traumas, higher self-esteem, less affective dysregulation, less risky peers, lower levels of parent depression, and being of racial/ethnic minority status. Findings help to characterize individual variation in trajectories of PTSS following PTEs by underscoring the unique trauma responses of racial and ethnic minority youth and offering possible targets of interventions to promote recovery from PTSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on adolescent peer networks has mainly focused on friendship networks and their association with violence, but very limited research is available on peer rejection networks. This lack of knowledge hinders the effectiveness of preventing peer rejection and its negative effects. Based on the theory of the cycle of violence, the present study examines the extent to which parental physical abuse experiences, aggressive behavior toward peers and acceptance of violence are related to peer rejection networks at school. Social network analysis with a stochastic actor-oriented model of longitudinal data collected from high school students (Wave 1, n = 620; Wave 2, n = 590) confirms that adolescents who frequently use aggression toward their peers are more likely to be rejected, especially if those adolescents have experienced abuse. Similarly, peers are more likely to reject adolescents with high levels of accepting violence. The results also show that aggression toward peers generally tends to decrease over time but not for adolescents who reject a larger number of students. For students who reject many peers, aggression frequency increases. From the perspective of resilience theory, peer rejection, when combined with aggression toward peers and acceptance of violence, particularly in female adolescents, creates a significant risk factor for socio-emotional development. Therefore, tackling violence attitudes, experiences and behavior in the school environment and at home is crucial in overcoming the cycle of violence.

Summary: Background: Physical abuse can lead to severe health consequences that extend beyond immediate harm. We explored the associations of physical abuse experienced during childhood and adulthood with a wide range of adult health conditions requiring hospital treatment. Methods: We utilised data from a sub-cohort of 157,366 UK Biobank participants (46.4% of the baseline population; age range 45–81; 89,101 women) and repeated analyses in an independent population of 85,929 adults from the Finnish Public Sector (FPS) study (age range 17–78; 68,544 women). Participants in both cohorts reported instances of physical and sexual abuse at study baseline. Follow-up included 77 common health conditions ascertained from linkage data to national hospital and mortality registries. Findings: Mean follow-up duration was 4.6 years (SD 0.14) in UK Biobank and 10.6 years (4.3) in FPS. Physical and sexual abuse was associated with 22 mental and physical health conditions. After multivariable adjustments, participants who experienced abuse during both early and later stages of life had a 2.12- (95% confidence interval 1.39–3.23) to 3.37-fold (1.52–7.45) increased risk of mental and behavioural disorders, a 1.46 (1.20–1.79) to 1.83 (1.05–3.20) times increased risk of metabolic, haematologic, and respiratory diseases, and a 1.24 (1.07–1.45) times higher risk of inflammatory diseases compared with non-exposed participants. The absolute risk difference between these groups was greatest for metabolic and haematologic conditions (rate 381 and risk difference 160 per 100,000 person-years). Frailty, comorbidities, and competing risk of death did not modify these associations, but the possibility of bias or residual confounding cannot be excluded. Interpretation: Repeated exposure to physical and sexual abuse amplifies the risk of hospitalisations from mental disorders and physical diseases spanning diverse organ systems. Addressing this issue may necessitate multifaceted strategies, including shifts in societal norms, legal measures, and increased healthcare provision for affected individuals and their families. Funding: Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, U.S. National Institute on Aging, Academy of Finland.

IntroductionTo understand the family’s role in adolescents’ mental health development and the connection to neurodevelopmental disorders related to experienced parental physical abuse, we first explored resilience pathways longitudinally and secondly, connected the identified patterns to adolescents’ hair cortisol levels that are rooted in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis as the main stress response system and connected brain structure alterations.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal online questionnaire data for three consecutive high school years (from seventh to ninth grade) and four survey waves from a representative sample of n = 1609 high school students in Switzerland on violence–resilience pathways. Furthermore, we collected students’ hair samples from a subsample of n = 229 at survey wave 4. About 30% of the participating adolescents had been physically abused by their parents. Out of the overall sample, we drew a subsample of adolescents with parental abuse experiences (survey wave 1 n = 509; survey wave 2 n = 506; survey wave 3 n = 561; survey wave 4 n = 560).ResultsDespite the odds, about 20–30% of adolescents who have experienced parental physical abuse escaped the family violence cycle and can be called resilient. By applying a person-oriented analytical approach via latent class and transition analysis, we longitudinally identified and compared four distinct violence–resilience patterns. We identified violence resilience as a multidimensional latent construct, which includes hedonic and eudaimonic protective and risk indicators. Because resilience should not solely be operationalized based on the lack of psychopathology, our latent construct included both feeling good (hedonic indicators such as high levels of self-esteem and low levels of depression/anxiety and dissociation) and doing well (eudaimonic indicators such as high levels of self-determination and self-efficacy as well as low levels of aggression toward peers).DiscussionThe present study confirmed that higher cortisol levels significantly relate to the comorbid pattern (internalizing and externalizing symptoms), and further confirmed the presence of lasting alterations in brain structures. In this way, we corroborated the insight that when studying the resilience pathways and trajectories of abused adolescents, biological markers such as hair cortisol significantly enhance and deepen the understanding of the longitudinal mechanisms of psychological markers (e.g., self-determination, self-esteem, self-efficacy) that are commonly applied in questionnaires.

Background: Women experiencing domestic violence might have restrictions in the pregnancy-related decision-making and care-seeking process leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We explored the association between domestic violence and undesirable pregnancy events. Methods: 63,796 women aged 18–49 years covered under the domestic violence module of National Family Health Survey-5, 2019-21. Stratification and clustering in the complex sampling design of the survey were accounted in analysis. Using Poisson regression, prevalence ratio (PR) was reported to provide association of domestic violence with undesirable pregnancy events. Results: Prevalence of undesirable pregnancy events was 25.0% (95%CI: 24.4%–25.7%) amongst women aged 18–49 years. Prevalence of unintended, terminated pregnancy and complications during pregnancy was 3.2%, 5.1% and 20.9%, respectively. Women aged ≥35 years, educated, unemployed, primi or multi parity, intimate partner/husband being uneducated, facing problem with access to healthcare, belonging to large number of household members (≥4) and poorest or poorer quintile had significantly higher chance of having undesirable pregnancy events. Sexual violence (aPR: 1.11, p = 0.02) had higher chance of having undesirable pregnancy events. Conclusion: One-fourth of reproductive-age group women had undesirable pregnancy events. Sexual violence was significantly associated with these events. Effective policy should protect women from domestic violence to promote maternal well-being.

BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse negatively impacts the course of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Yet, no study has examined risk factors associated with prospectively evaluated physical/sexual abuse, specifically, those preceding first abuse among BD youth. We investigate past/intake/follow-up factors preceding first physical/sexual abuse among BD youth. METHODS: Childhood-onset BD participants (n = 279 youth, mean age at intake = 12, mean length of follow-up = 12 years) enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study. Demographic, clinical and family history variables were assessed every 7 months on average using Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL). Abuse was evaluated at intake using the K-SADS-PL, over follow-up with a Traumatic Events Screen. Family psychopathology was assessed using Family History Screen/Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV. RESULTS: Fifteen-percent of youth reported new-onset abuse during follow-up (62% physical, 26% sexual; 12% both). Intake predictors included more severe depressive symptoms (HR = 1.29), low socioeconomic-status (SES) in families with substance abuse (HR = 0.84) (physical abuse), and female sex (HR = 2.41) (sexual abuse). Follow-up predictors preceding physical abuse included: older age (HR = 1.42), disruptive disorders (HR = 1.39), and the interaction between low SES and family substance abuse (HR = 0.86). For sexual abuse, female sex (HR = 4.33) and a non-biologically related father presence in the household (HR = 2.76). Good relationships with friends (prospectively evaluated) protected against physical/sexual abuse (HR = 0.72/0.70, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Prospective data was gathered longitudinally but assessed retrospectively at every follow-up; perpetrator information and abuse severity were not available. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying factors temporally preceding new onset physical/sexual abuse may hold promise for identifying high-risk youth with BD.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to identify the predictors of neurologic outcomes and mortality in physically abused and unintentionally injured children admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods All maltreated children were admitted to pediatric, neurosurgical, and trauma ICUs between 2001 and 2019. Clinical factors, including age, sex, season of admission, identifying settings, injury severity score, etiologies, length of stay in the ICU, neurologic outcomes, and mortality, were analyzed and compared between the physically abused and unintentionally injured groups. Neurologic assessments were conducted using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent because of the anonymized nature of the data. Results A total of 2481 children were investigated; of them, there were 480 (19.3%) victims admitted to the ICUs, including 156 physically abused and 324 unintentionally injured. Age, history of prematurity, clinical outcomes, head injury, neurosurgical interventions, clinical manifestations, brain computed tomography findings, and laboratory findings significantly differed between them (all p

ÖZ: Çocukluk döneminde yaşanan duygusal, fiziksel, cinsel ve ekonomik istismar kişiyi ruhsal yönde olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Bu istismarları yaşayan kişiler birden fazla psikopatolojiyi aynı anda geliştirebilirken bu kişilerde en sık rastlanan psikopatoloji Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB)’dur. Özellikle fiziksel ve cinsel istismar yaşayan çocukların bu bozukluğu geliştirme riski daha yüksektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı çocukluk döneminde maruz kalınan istismardan dolayı TSSB geliştiren bireyler için etkili, kanıtlanmış, güncel psikolojik tedavileri araştırmaktır. Cinsel istismardan dolayı TSSB geliştiren bireyler için kanıtlanmış müdahale teknikleri: Travma Odaklı Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (BDT), Diyalektik Davranış Terapi (DDT), Duygu ve Kişilerarası İlişkiyi Düzenleme Becerisi Eğitimi (STAIR), Travma için Duygu Odaklı Terapi (DOT), Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşlemleme (EMDR), Yeniden Senaryolaştırma (Imagery Rescripting, IR)’dır. ABSTRACT: Abuse experienced during childhood, whether it is emotional, physical, sexual, or economic, has an impact on an individual’s mental well-being. Those who experience these abuses may develop multiple psychopathologies simultaneously, with the most common psychopathology observed being Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Particularly, children who experience physical and sexual abuse are at a higher risk of developing this disorder. The aim of this study is to explore effective, evidence-based, and up-to-date psychological treatments for individuals who develop PTSD due to the abuse endured during childhood. Proven intervention techniques for individuals developing PTSD as a result of sexual abuse are Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Skills Training in Affect and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR), Emotion-Focused Therapy for Trauma (EFT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Imagery Rescripting (IR).

BackgroundEconomic, social, and psychologic stressors are associated with an increased risk for abusive injuries in children. Prolonged physical proximity between adults and children under conditions of severe external stress, such as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic with "shelter-in-place orders", may be associated with additional increased risk for child physical abuse. We hypothesized that child physical abuse rates and associated severity of injury would increase during the early months of the pandemic as compared to the prior benchmark period.MethodsWe conducted a nine-center retrospective review of suspected child physical abuse admissions across the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium. Cases were identified for the period of April 1-June 30, 2020 (COVID-19) and compared to the identical period in 2019. We collected patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcome data.ResultsThere were no significant differences in child physical abuse cases between the time periods in the consortium as a whole or at individual hospitals. There were no differences between the study periods with regard to patient characteristics, injury types or severity, resource utilization, disposition, or mortality.ConclusionsApparent rates of new injuries related to child physical abuse did not increase early in the COVID-19 pandemic. While this may suggest that pediatric physical abuse was not impacted by pandemic restrictions and stresses, it is possible that under-reporting, under-detection, or delays in presentation of abusive injuries increased during the pandemic. Long-term follow-up of subsequent rates and severity of child abuse is needed to assess for unrecognized injuries that may have occurred.

IntroductionSex workers in South Africa experience high levels of trauma and mental health issues, but little is known about their drug and alcohol use. This study assessed the prevalence of substance use and its key risk factors amongst female sex workers (FSWs) at two sites in South Africa.MethodsTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted, in Soweto and Klerksdorp, South Africa. Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) 508 FSWs in Soweto and 156 in Klerksdorp were enrolled. A study-specific survey was used to collect social and demographic information, substance use, mental ill-health, and HIV status. Raw and RDS-adjusted data were analyzed using Chi-squared tests of association. Weighted and unweighted Poisson regression models were used to assess key risk factors for alcohol and drug use at both univariate and multivariate levels.ResultsOf the 664 FSWs, 56.2% were binge drinkers and 29.4% reported using drugs within the last year. Living in a home with regular food (RR: 1.2597, 95% CI: 1.1009-1.4413) and being HIV positive (RR: 1.1678, 95% CI: 1.0227-1.3334) were associated with a higher risk of binge drinking. Having symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (RR: 1.1803, 95% CI: 1.0025-1.3895) and past year physical/sexual abuse from either intimate (RR: 1.3648, 95% CI: 1.1522-1.6167) or non-intimate partners (RR: 1.3910, 95% CI: 1.1793-1.6407) were associated with a higher risk of drug use.DiscussionIn conclusion, our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of alcohol and drug use among FSWs in Soweto and Klerksdorp with site-specific contextual dynamics driving substance use. Site differences highlight the importance of tailoring site-specific substance use harm mitigation for this key population.

Domestic violence cannot be put into a definition, as it has a multitude of manifestations determined by, mentalities, history, religious upbringing, punitive legislation, education, etc, with geographical and historical variability. Updated studies show that domestic violence can have adverse consequences for family life and for social and economic life as a whole. The causes of domestic violence range from problems of upbringing, mentality, traditions, economic-financial situation, vices, to negative effects in the workplace and the costs incurred by the authorities in protecting the abused. In addition to legislation and education, religious factors play an important role in influencing local customs. From a historical point of view, it can be said that it is only since the 20th century that the issue of equal rights between women and men, including women's right to vote and the protection of minors, has been raised, but not all states have understood to implement them, with different justifications. Of course, there have also been strong, more or less minority, even reactionary resistance to maintaining the traditionalist rights of men over family members, so that beyond the many meanings associated with it, violence is an abuse of power, almost always linked to a position of power and the imposition of that power on others. This characterisation best defines the situation of the man in relation to that of the woman, child or elderly person within the family unit. The development of the economy locally and globally has contributed to an increased need for additional labour, so that the manufacturing industries have differentiated in favour of men and women. In "civilised" countries with functioning democracies, the state is involved both in the establishment of legislation against discrimination of any kind and in the protection of abused persons of both sexes and minors, and budgetary funds are even provided.

Background: International research has established that children and adolescents are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) as defined by the WHO ICD-11. There is a need for a Danish language version of the International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent (ITQ-CA) to assess symptoms of PTSD and CPTSD. Objective: To test the ICD-11 formulations of PTSD and DSO (Disturbances of Self-Organization) using the ITQ-CA version in a sample of children exposed to abuse. Additionally, to study the distribution of symptoms and probable prevalence of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among the population of children exposed to violence or sexual abuse. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis of competing models of the dimensionality of the ITQ-CA was tested among a sample of 119 children and adolescents that were referred to the Danish Children Centres on suspicion of physical or sexual abuse or both. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to study the distribution of symptoms and consequences of different operationalisations of functional impairment were explored. Results: Findings supported a two-factor second-order model corresponding to the operationalisation of CPTSD in ICD-11 as the best representation of the data. Findings from the LCA suggested that symptoms were distributed in a pattern consistent with the ICD-11 proposal for CPTSD. CPTSD was more prevalent than PTSD regardless of the operationalisation of functional impairment. Conclusion: ITQ-CA is a valid tool for identifying symptoms of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among Danish children exposed to physical or sexual abuse. Further research is needed to study the relationship between ICD-11 C/PTSD symptomatology and anxiety and depression in this population.

Childhood trauma and dissociative experiences are suggested to be predisposing transdiagnostic factors for attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as many psychiatric disorders. Trauma-related symptoms such as motor restlessness, emotional instability, and concentration problems can mimic, trigger, or exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Moreover, given the relationship between ADHD and trauma-induced distress, it has been suggested that dissociative experiences and attention problems may reveal overlapping characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dissociative experiences and attention deficits by carrying out mixture analysis. A thousand and thirty-seven participants volunteered to the online investigation. Participants completed a test battery that included a sociodemographic form as well as the Adult ADHD Severity Rating Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ). Item responses on the DES and attention deficit symptoms as indexed by the ASRS were subjected to latent class analysis. The three-latent-class model outperformed alternative mixture models. Mixture analysis classified the sample into three homogenous subgroups as follows: (1) No/low dissociation or attention problems; (2) Moderate dissociation with attention problems; and (3) High dissociation with attention problems. High dissociators with attention problems were characterized by heightened scores on somatoform dissociation and emotional neglect. No/low dissociation or attention problems latent class reported significantly lower scores on hyperactivity/impulsivity, depression, attention deficit in childhood, and sexual abuse than both moderate and high dissociation latent classes. High dissociators and moderate dissociators significantly differed on conduct problems and physical abuse. We concluded that impulsive hyperactivity, depression, and childhood sexual abuse were common features in heightened dissociation latent classes, as well as attention deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a well-established risk factor for depression and increased suicide risk. This study aimed to investigate the distinctive mechanisms of individual types of CM on young adult suicide risk, by exploring the potential mediating role of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression. A total of 4873 adults completed a survey screening for experiences of CM, self-compassion, mentalization, depression, and suicide risk. The path analysis revealed significant direct effects of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression on suicide risk. Moreover, mentalization, self-compassion, and depression mediated the relationship between emotional abuse/neglect and suicide risk, whereas physical neglect contributed to suicide risk only through mentalization and depression. Furthermore, sexual abuse had a significant direct effect on suicide risk, whereas physical abuse did not show any direct or indirect effects. The cross-sectional design of the study limits its ability to establish causality, and the risk of recall bias in reporting physical or sexual abuse cannot be ignored. This study represents the first identification of disturbances in self-compassion, mentalization, and depression that mediate the relationship between various types of CM and suicide risk in young adults. Our findings suggest substantive differences in the impact of emotional CM compared to other forms of CM. Enhancing self-compassion and mentalization abilities could be valuable intervention strategies for individuals with a history of emotional CM. Addressing factors that hinder the recall of relevant subjective experiences of physical and sexual abuse is also critical. • Emotional neglect is the most prevalent childhood maltreatment among those at risk for suicide. • Mentalization, self-compassion, and depression mediate the link between emotional neglect/abuse and suicide risk. • Sexual abuse has a direct impact on suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Psychiatry is a challenging setting that requires extraordinary effort from the staff. Healthcare workers in the field of psychiatry face substantial levels of violence, making the identification of abuse risk factors a social concern. Both the conduct of the children and their relatives can pose potential harm. Our study delved into the criminological and psychiatric factors underlying violence against healthcare workers. Methodology: We used qualitative, semi-structured, self-developed, online questionnaire involving 21 respondents. The participants were representing the staff composition of our department. The data set was coded in two phases using a multi-stage content analysis method. The results were compared with Hungarian and international literature. Findings: Among the participants, 52% reported no instances of physical abuse. The most prevalent form of perceived non-contact abuse was threats, accounting for 38% of reported cases. The identified risk factors for abuse included the child's psychiatric disorder, communication issues, parental behavior, and low socio-economic status. Psychological trauma was identified as the most severe consequence. The respondents' opinion indicated that the most common cause of violence (52%) was attributed to the child's mental disorder. Workers primarily deal with abuse through negative emotions, with 76% of them reporting feelings of victimization. Additionally, 43% believed that abuse cannot be avoided, while 19% emphasized the significance of worker competence. Value: Our research can help to identify risk factors in child psychiatry wards and provide guidance for developing effective responses to violence against healthcare workers in Hungary, especially at our ward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have high rates of early life trauma, but it is unclear how trauma exposure impacts later negative symptom severity in CHR. The current study examined the association between early childhood trauma and the five domains of negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, blunted affect, alogia). Method: Eighty nine participants completed interviewer‐rated measures of childhood trauma and abuse experienced before age 16, psychosis risk, and negative symptoms. Results: Higher global negative symptom severity was associated with greater exposure to childhood psychological bullying, physical bullying, emotional neglect, psychological abuse, and physical abuse. Greater severity of avolition and asociality was associated with physical bullying. Greater severity of avolition was associated with emotional neglect. Conclusion: Early adversity and childhood trauma is associated with negative symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood among participants at CHR for psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]