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Introduction: Currently, there are no studies that analyse the changes in the cardiac venous system that are dependent on the phase (RR interval) of reconstruction. The aim of the study was to assess the size of the coronary sinus at two measurement sites depending on the phase of the heart cycle. Methods: Fifty patients were included. Cardiac computed tomography was performed in all of the patients due to a suspicion of coronary artery disease (typical indications) using a dual‐source Siemens Somatom Force scanner. The "MM reading" presets were used to measure the coronary sinus ostium (measurement 1) and the coronary sinus trunk, which is close to the great cardiac vein (measurement 2) in millimetres. All of the calculations were performed on axial scans using 0%–100% and a 256 × 256 matrix. Results: The largest CS was found at the 30%, 40% and 50% RR interval—this phenomenon occurred in 37 of the 50 cases (74%). The CS was largest in the 30% phase (9/50 cases; 18%), in the 40% phase (17/50 cases; 34%) and in the 50% phase, and it was the largest in 11 of the 50 cases (22%). There were also no gender‐related differences. Conclusions: The size of the coronary sinus varies with the phase of the heart cycle. At the 40% phase, it is largest in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of lanthanum nickelate (LNO) thin film electrodes prepared by chemical solution deposition has been investigated. Features of LNO microstructure have been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques, electron diffraction, and elemental mapping by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Structure evolution of LNO after crystallization in the temperature range of 550 ÷ 800 °C has been visualized. Chemical and phase delamination within each sublayer was revealed in the LNO structure over the entire temperature range. Nanograins of Ni3O4 (С2/m), La2O3 (С2/m), LaNiO3 ( P m 3 ¯ m), and La2Ni2O5 (С2/m) phases were identified in the annealed LNO layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the possibility of creating high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating by Galvanic-Plasma Modification (GPM) on the AlSi12Cu aluminum alloy. The combination of influencing parameters during processing allows to influence the set of quality indicators of coating, such as the thickness of the coating layer, microhardness, porosity, phase and elemental composition. The influence of technological modes and electrolyte composition on the structure and composition of the resulting coating has been established. The structural features of the modified layers were investigated, the effect of the capacitor capacitance on the installation and the duration of treatment on the structure and microhardness of the resulting coating was established. The tribological properties of the different GPM surfaces had been evaluated by usage of the 'pin-on-disk' method. Different current densities were chosen to represent the arrangement component of the GPM layer. Wear test results were used to evaluate the wear resistance ability of the various GPM layers and for establishing a wear model. The surface morphology, porosity distribution on cross-section, and worn surface of the GPM layers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Different material counterparts and contact conditions were applied to simulate a variety of practical states. The results show that the hardness of the GPM layer formed on sample M5 was the highest among the five kinds of samples. The GPM layer formed on sample M5 has the best wear resistance. This can be ascribed to the different size and appropriation of the pores and the diverse proportion of α to the γ stage in the GPM layers, when exposed to various limitations during the GPM cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To correlate the presence of objectively measured wall enhancement on high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) with the clinical predictive scales PHASES, ELAPSS, and UIATS. Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIAs) prospectively underwent HR-VWI on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner at diagnosis. Aneurysmal wall enhancement was objectively quantified on T1 postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging using signal intensity values adjusted for the pituitary stalk to calculate a contrast ratio (CR stalk). UIAs with CR stalk ≥0.60 were considered "enhancing." Patients' demographics, comorbidities, and aneurysm morphology were reviewed to calculate PHASES, ELAPSS, and UIATS scores. Pearson coefficients were applied for statistical correlation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess for confounders. One-hundred and twenty-three patients harboring 178 UIAs underwent HR-VWI. A total of 101 patients with 135 UIAs were analyzed. Enhancing UIAs were larger (8.4 ± 5.5 mm vs. 5.5 ± 2.3 mm; P < 0.001), had higher aspect ratio (2.3 ± 1.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7; P = 0.008), higher size ratio (3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1; P = 0.016), scored higher on PHASES (5.6 ± 3.9 vs. 4.4 ± 2.6; P = 0.04) and ELAPSS (19.4 ± 8.9 vs. 15.4 ± 7.3; P = 0.006) compared with nonenhancing UIAs. Treatment allocation as defined by UIATS was measured independently to enhancement status. No significant differences were found for UIATS between enhancing and nonenhancing UIAs (P = 0.63). Multivariable regression showed that size was the only independent factor significantly associated with UIA enhancement (odds ratio, 1.76; P = 0.005). Enhancing UIAs score higher in PHASES and ELAPSS scales. This association is largely explained by aneurysm size, aspect, and size ratios. Morphologic UIA features should be accounted for in clinical predictive scales of aneurysm instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linguistic studies were based on the grammatical heritage. As a result, they were limited to the sentence to the extent that they fell short of the grammar of their borders. Thus, these studies on texts have evolved to require that the linguistic course should be transferred from its purely linguistic form to its communicative form, by linking the discourse to the denominator. Consequently, the observer of the linguistic scene finds that he has witnessed three intellectual developments which represent the major stages of its mutability which we will try to summarize in this article, while revealing some of the most important reasons for this shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article accounts for the traditionally-labelled Level 1/Level 2 affix distinction in English by combining the predictions of floating segmental structure (e.g. Rubach 1996) and cyclic spell-out by phase (Chomsky 1999; Marantz 2007). It offers insight not only into the different phonological patterns these affixes trigger, but importantly, explains when the same affix will trigger distinct phonological patterns (when an affix behaves sometimes as Level 1 and sometimes as Level 2). It is argued that Level 1 affixes are distinguished by an initial floating vowel in their underlying representations, and that if we combine this with the proposal that affixes that merge directly to roots are interpreted in the same phonological cycle as these roots then we can remove the reference to diacritic notions such as Level 1 and Level 2 from the grammar. This then allows for a fully modular account of English affix classes, where the phonological derivation refers solely to phonological representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that deletion is not the only way that chain links created by A′-movement can be affected at PF. Chain links can also be substituted by a morpheme. This substitution delivers a linearizable output (in a manner parallel to deletion), creating overt “traces” on the surface. We demonstrate the virtues of our proposal through the empirical lens of adjunct extraction in two Mayan languages of the K’ichean branch: K’iche’ and Kaqchikel. In these languages, extraction of low adjuncts triggers the appearance of a verbal enclitic wi. The distribution of the enclitic upon long distance extraction shows that it must be analyzed as a surface reflex of substitution of a chain link. Our proposal provides evidence that movement proceeds successive cyclically and has two additional theoretical consequences: (i) C0 must be a phase head (contra den Dikken 2009; 2017), (ii) v0 cannot be a phase head (in line with Keine 2017).

There has been carried out thermodynamic modeling of phase transformations of the Fe-Cr Ni alloy alloyed with titanium and niobium in order to predict the phase composition and to substantiate the concentration of alloying elements of the experimental alloy for parts of metallurgical equipment. The results of microstructural analysis and phase composition of an experimental heat-resistant alloy are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of heat treatment with an addition of titania on the phase development and mechanical properties of sand casted Al-SiC-TiO2 metal matrix composite was investigated. The standard samples dimensions for tensile properties, wear and hardness were prepared. These samples were heat treated at different temperature of 180°C to 220°C without solution treatment. The samples were held at the heat treatment temperature for an hour after which they were allowed to cool in the air. Thereafter, samples were subjected to various mechanical and wear tests, respectively. The phases evolved due to heat treatment of the samples were examined using X-ray diffractometry. It was observed that the increase in heat treatment temperature of samples leads to the formation of precipitates within the aluminium matrix composite reinforced with SiC. The addition of 5 % titania inhibits the formation of aluminium silicon carbide phases in preference to SiO2 and TiO2. The increase in heat treatment temperature leads to the formation of precipitates like TiSi2, Si11.4TiO24.4, TiC, Al2O3 and buckminsterfullerene C70 within the aluminium matrix composite. The addition of 10 % titania leads to the development of precipitates like Al5Ti3 and Ti-rich oxides with the aluminium matrix. At 220°C, alumina was formed within the metal aluminium matrix and no trace of SiC was found. All the samples have low wear loss but the heat treated at 180°C sample (A) has the lowest wear loss. The heat treatment of the sample without solution treatment has impact on the phase development in the samples. It gives rise to the development of precipitates in the samples which affects the hardness and other mechanical properties. The addition of SiC and TiO2 to aluminium matrix makes the sample harden. Sample A heat treated at 200°C have the highest hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to be a major health problem since its first description in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Multiple drugs have been tried to date in the treatment of COVID-19. Critical to treatment of COVID-19 and advancing therapeutics is an appreciation of the multiple stages of this disease and the importance of timing for investigation and use of various agents. We considered articles related to COVID-19 indexed on PubMed published January 1, 2020-November 15, 2020, and considered papers on the medRxiv preprint server. We identified relevant stages of COVID-19 including three periods: pre-exposure, incubation, and detectable viral replication; and five phases: the viral symptom phase, the early inflammatory phase, the secondary infection phase, the multisystem inflammatory phase, and the tail phase. This common terminology should serve as a framework to guide when COVID-19 therapeutics being studied or currently in use is likely to provide benefit rather than harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Remetallica is the property of Remetallica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is considered a construct of great heuristic value and has attracted the attention of numerous researchers and inspired influential theoretical models. The objective of the present study was to provide an up-to-date, comparative and integrated description of the theoretical models of SRL used in current empirical research. For this purpose, we conducted a critical review of the scientific literature referring explicitly to any SRL model and we described, compared and integrated the processes and personal and situational dimensions considered in each model. The models have clearly evolved from focusing on cold self-regulation, conscious activity and individual functioning, to emphasising hot self-regulation and considering implicit activity and interindividual functioning. Among empirical research lines based on the most recent models, the following stand out: detailed analysis of SRL during its progress, the manifestation of SRL in diverse instructional formats and the role of affective/motivational self-regulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tinajero, Mayo, Villar and Martínez-López.)

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, a novel AM series Mg alloy developed through a stir casting process has been discussed. The current research utilizes an improved stir casting setup with a systemized inert facility. The effects of the processing parameters viz. stirring speed and holding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the novel AM alloy (Mg-7 wt%Al-0.9 wt%Mn) have been investigated during the study. In addition, the study also attempts to highlight the adverse effect of higher values of processing parameter on porosity. The five output variables, such as Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Yield strength (YS), Elastic modulus (E), Hardness, and Density (d), were measured for different combinations of processing parameters. The results showed an evident rise in the mechanical properties with the variation of stirring speed and holding temperature; the optimum values were attained at 250 rpm and 700°C. A significant enhancement in the Elastic modulus (24.3%) and hardness (16.21%) was witnessed vis-à-vis the existing AM series alloy. The improved properties of the novel material will make it a prospective candidate for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion behaviors of Ni–Cr and 20MnSi steel bars in a simulated marine atmosphere are compared using alternate immersion corrosion tests and electrochemical techniques. The microstructure features are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical measurements and alternate immersion corrosion tests demonstrate that the Ni–Cr steel bar has a more positive potential (– 0.397 V), lower corrosion current density (28.19 μA/cm2), and better corrosion resistance at a corrosion rate of 3.81 g/(m2· h) and corrosion depth of 4.27 mm/g. There are inner and outer rust layers on the Ni–Cr steel bar, the inner layer being dense and bonded to the steel substrate. The α -FeO(OH)/γ -FeO(OH) ratio of the rust layer on the Ni–Cr steel bar is greater, which contributes to a more denser rust layer enhancing corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Supply chain risk management (SCRM) has been widely discussed in the academic literature and several models have been proposed in recent years, but there is a need for a model encompassing phases and tools for SCRM. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of 254 abstracts and 68 full-text papers. The SLR made it possible to identify and define the main phases for the SCRM, as well as the tools proposed for each phase. There is a concentration of efforts in the phases of identification, assessment, and selection of risk management strategies and a limited number of studies in monitoring and controlling risks. The article offers a global SCRM framework, contributing to the theoretical discussions and a practical guide to implementation related to SCRM.

The article provides an analysis of tonicization and modulation in western tonal music within the framework of minimalist syntax. In the spirit of Katz and Pesetsky’s 2011 Identity Thesis for Language and Music, I argue that syntactic notions such as Agree and (Phase) Impenetrability may shed light on some aspects of music theory involving dependencies within local domains.

This paper investigates the distribution of stranding in intermediate positions under A′-movement, which I show obeys a cross-linguistically robust word order generalization: leftward movement of a phrase α can only intermediately strand an element β if β can be ordered rightward of α before stranding occurs. I argue that this generalization emerges naturally from the Cyclic Linearization theory of spell-out, and its interaction with independently supported constraints on movement in syntax. I go on to consider some reasons why a particular position may or may not be a viable location for stranded material.

A ceramic tile/steel slag-graphite-Arabic gum composite was developed using conventional casting techniques for brake pad applications. The chemical properties of the phases present in the matrix of the developed composite were examined using X-ray diffractometry. Spatial configuration of the phases was viewed using scanning electron microscopy. Wear and thermal properties of the developed composite were also investigated. Comparisons of the properties of the developed composite and Nissan Jeep Cherokee brake pads were made. The results showed a partial homogeneity of second phase particles within a ceramic matrix. The developed composite brake pad showed better friction properties than commercial grade brake pads for up to 200 s. At longer times, the opposite was observed. The developed composite brake displayed lower wear rates (1.3 x 10-8, 1.8 x 10-8, 2.92 x 10-8 and 3.0 x 10-8 mm3/Nm at 25, 30, 35 and 40 N, respectively) and better thermal stability than those (2.1 x 10-8, 4.8 x 10-8, 6.15 x 10-8 and 4.2 x 10-8 mm3/Nm) of Nissan Jeep Cherokee brake pad. This implies an optimum combination of good wear resistance, friction properties and thermal stability for up to 200 s. Since brake application while driving is a short and intermittent process (< 3 minutes), the developed composite could serve as a replacement for asbestos brake pads for automobiles.

The article presents models of superelastic hardening of materials with unstable phase structure at a constant temperature. The kinetic equation of the process of formation and growth of spherical nuclei of a new phase is formulated depending on the level of development of inelastic structural deformations, according to which the new phase first represents separate inclusions from embryos, developing it forms the structures of the matrix mixture in the form of interpenetrating skeletons, and finally the new phase is transformed in a matrix with separate inclusions from the material of the remains of the old phase. The influence of structural deformations on the features of phase transformations and nonlinear hardening of inhomogeneous unstable materials with different degree of connectivity of the constituent phases is studied. Various variants of the microstructure material formed in the conditions of the phase transition in the form of separate inclusions and in the form of interpenetrating components are considered. New macroscopic determining relationships for unstable microinhomogeneous materials are established and their effective elastic moduli are calculated. Macroscopic conditions of direct and inverse phase transitions are obtained, their effective limits and hardening coefficients are calculated. It is shown that the values of the macroscopic elasticity moduli of the obtained models lie inside the fork of the lower and upper Hashin-Shtrikman boundaries. Numerical analysis of the developed models has shown good agreement with known experimental data.

The exocentric labelling model of Chomsky’s (2013, 2015) Problems of Projection renders projection rather more problematic than it was previously, giving rise to numerous technical and conceptual complications, redundancies and inconsistencies. Of particular concern is the reversibility of the assumptions that are made with respect to the relation between labelling and Search, such that the opposite theory is equally coherent and delivers the same empirical results. After reviewing these concerns, a simpler conception of exocentric labelling is sketched in which all labels are uniformly added via external Merge of categorizing phase heads, turning unlabelled (uninterpreted) nonphase syntactic objects into labelled (interpreted) phases. Some conceptual and empirical advantages of the simpler system are finally considered.

This article contains a brief biography and dynamics of development of mental disorder of a famous japan writer Akutagava Ryunoske. Material for psychopathological analysis - articles and memories about him, but especially content of his works. Development of a condition close to that of oneiroid, after phase of a neurotic disorders, described in story «cogwheels».The reasons of his suicide are also being analyzed. Stimulation of creativity over the period of oneiroid disorders, is unique phenomenon.

2D materials based on main group element compounds have recently attracted significant attention because of their rich stoichiometric ratios and structure motifs. This review focuses on the phases in various 2D binary materials including III–VI, IV–VI, V–VI, III–V, IV–V, and V–V materials. Reducing 3D materials to 2D introduces confinement and surface effects as well as stabilizes unstable 3D phases in their 2D form. Their crystal structures, stability, preparation, and applications are summarized based on theoretical predictions and experimental explorations. Moreover, various properties of 2D materials, such as ferroelectric effect, anisotropic optical and electrical properties, ultralow thermal conductivity, and topological state are discussed. Finally, a few perspectives and an outlook are given to inspire readers toward exploring 2D materials with new phases and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a perspective on syntactic cyclicity in minimalism that is compatible with fundamental ideas in construction–grammar approaches. In particular, I outline the minimalist approach to syntactic structure building and highlight that units of potentially any phrasal size can be atomic items in the syntactic derivation, showing that the opposition between simplex linguistic items ("words") and more complex ones ("phrases") in minimalism is in principle as artificial as in many construction–grammar approaches. Based on this perspective on structure building, I focus on the empirical domain of subextraction patterns out of complex subjects, adjuncts, and complements, and I demonstrate that the acceptability patterns in this domain can be explained by a functional approach to syntactic cyclicity: Unacceptable patterns are ruled out not for configurational (and hence syntactic) reasons, but rather they systematically follow from infelicitous interpretations at the syntax–discourse interface. This raises the question of whether syntactic cyclicity is (at least in part) motivated by performance (read: "language-in-use") constraints, which I consider another area for fruitful interaction between construction–grammar and usage-based accounts on the one hand and minimalism on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses wh-extraction in Spanish clauses involving a V + de + CP sequence (de 'of' is a preposition). The previous literature has observed that objects, but not adjuncts, can be extracted from a single de + CP embedded clause. I make the following novel observations: (i) subjects pattern with adjuncts (not with objects) in that they cannot be extracted from a single de + CP embedded clause, (ii) there is a 'distance' effect in that subject extraction improves when one more level of embedding is added, and (iii) there is also a 'distance' effect with regard to adjunct extraction, which improves when one more level of embedding is added. (i)–(iii) are surprising since subjects otherwise do not pattern with adjuncts with regard to extraction out of islands due to the pro-drop nature of Spanish, and adjunct extraction out of islands is otherwise uniformly unacceptable. I propose a phasal account of the pattern in question where Phase Collapsing (i.e., a mechanism whereby two phasal heads, here de and C, are collapsed into one, thus voiding the phasehood of the lower phase headed by the C) and successive cyclic movement play crucial roles. I further extend the account to other cases where a CP co-occurs with a preposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the development of so-called Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) under perception, permissive and causative verbs in Romance. Synchronically, we can observe various patterns in the distribution of ECM complements under these verbs. In Portuguese and Spanish, ECM is often possible under all permissive and causative verbs, whereas in French, Catalan and Italian it is usually restricted to perception and permissive verbs. A detail that has not been much discussed is the fact that, for many speakers, ECM with a given verb is often restricted to contexts in which the embedded 'subject' is a clitic. Some speakers of Modern French display this pattern with the verb faire 'make', for example (Abeillé, Anne, Danièle Godard & Philip Miller. 1997. Les causatives en français : Un cas de compétition syntaxique. Langue Française 115. 62–74. https://doi.org/10.3406/lfr.1997.6222). In this paper, I claim that laisser 'let' probably also displayed this pattern in Middle French. In Old French, however, what appears to be the opposite pattern is observed. Following (Pearce, Elizabeth. 1990. Parameters in Old French syntax: Infinitival complements. Dordrecht: Kluwer), I attribute this to the morphological variability of dative case in Old French. I propose a case-based analysis of the clitic ECM pattern, whereby ECM complements in Romance are phases unlike clause union complements (see Sheehan, Michelle & Sonia Cyrino. 2018. Why do some ECM verbs resist passivisation? A phase-based explanation. In Sherry Hucklebridge & Max Nelson (eds.), Proceedings of NELS 48 (vol 3), 81–90. University of Massachusetts). Where such complements are embedded under light verbs, the Phase Impenetrability Condition (Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) prevents accusative case from being assigned to the lower subject except in instances of cliticization. When the matrix verb is reanalysed as a full verb, however, v becomes the case-assigning head and so ECM becomes generally available, regardless of the clitic/non-clitic status of the causee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with SLI have traditionally been diagnosed as exhibiting core deficits affecting their phonological and morphological performance. These well‐known aspects of SLI, at least, thus appear to refer the syndrome to the Externalization component of the Faculty of Language. If such a conclusion is on the right track, then it could be predicted that Linearization, also an aspect of Externalization according to the Minimalist architecture of the Faculty of Language, should also be a typical locus of affectation in cases of SLI. This paper presents and interprets data regarding comprehension and production phenomena of a population of Spanish‐speaking children with SLI. These data support the aforementioned prediction, thus reinforcing the design specifications that the Minimalist Program attributes to language capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expletive Negation is widespread in human languages. Although many semantic, pragmatic and syntactic hypotheses about it have been advanced, it still remains puzzling. Two questions, particularly, need to be faced: (i) what are the contexts, mainly syntactic, where negation receives its vacuous interpretation? (ii) Is EN a phenomenon grammatically distinct from standard negation or are they the same one? In this article I will provide empirical and theoretical arguments to show that EN derives from a particular syntactic configuration by investigating a case of Italian EN, i.e. Surprise Negation Sentences. More specifically, I will propose that the Italian negative marker "non" ("not") has a twofold interpretation encoded in syntax: (i) when it is merged in the TP-area during the v*P-phase, it gives the standard negative interpretation reversing the truth-value conditions of a sentence; (ii) when it is merged in the CP domain and the v*P-phase is already closed, it gives the expletive interpretation shown in Snegs. From this point of view, the expletive reading of negation is just a reflex of the syntactic context in which negation is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that Asante Twi has a process of tonal overwriting on verbs that are crossed by an A'-dependency. It is shown that this view captures the distribution of the process across ex-situ focus constructions, relative clauses and adverbial clauses, which are all contexts involving operator movement. Furthermore, we illustrate that this process is unbounded and applies to each verb in a long-distance dependency. We therefore conclude that this is a reflex of successive-cyclic movement through vP. Additionally, we provide a detailed study of resumption in Asante Twi, showing that despite island-insensitivity, resumption is still derived by movement. Finally, the morpho-phonological side of the phenomenon is investigated. It is shown that overwriting affects only those affixes below v and not those above, which follows from cyclic Vocabulary Insertion. This provides support for Kandybowicz' (2017) assumption that aspect and negation are lower than vP in Asante Twi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical trial is a human volunteer research study to respond to certain health issues. The best and easiest way to find treatments that work on patients and improve wellbeing is through carefully planned clinical studies. The safety of the drug, its therapeutic benefits in patients and quantities must be assured by pharmaceutical, biological and medical devices manufacturers. To assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment, preclinical testing progresses before clinical trials. Schedule Y of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, laid out the legal requirements and standards for import and production of new drugs for sale or to undertake clinical trials. This review is necessary to prior reviews and plans to review the work in regards to clinical trials and presenting current status of Schedule Y in India including procedure and prerequisites for conducting clinical trials complying with the amendment in Schedule Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a descriptive account and a syntactic analysis of the grammatical distribution and properties of null objects (NOs) in Egyptian Arabic. In particular, it is shown that NOs cannot be analyzed as instances of null pro or as variables bound by a null topic operator. A Verb-Stranding VP-Ellipsis account is also shown to be empirically non-viable. Instead, I argue that NOs result from Argument Ellipsis (AE), an operation that targets arguments for deletion at PF. This AE analysis has several empirical advantages, including an account for (a) the different-entity interpretation of NOs, (b) the fact that PP and CP internal arguments can be null, (c) the availability of both strict identity and sloppy identity readings with null PPs and CPs, (d) the indefiniteness and inanimacy restrictions on the antecedents of NOs, and (e) the fact that subjects, as opposed to objects, cannot undergo AE. Following existing proposals in the generative literature on null arguments, I provide a minimalist implementation of the AE operation, whereby principles of φ-agreement, case licensing, the NP/DP distinction, and a notion of relativized phasehood, all conspire to determine when NOs occur and when they are disallowed in the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic in Southwest Asia is considered a unique phenomenon in relation to other parts of the Old World. Besides the local circumstances that are particular to each region, this is the only region outside Africa with the clear presence of modern humans producing Middle Palaeolithic industries. Still, it seems that also here, as elsewhere outside Africa, the UP is conceived mostly as portraying a break with MP life-ways, and continuity, if indicated, is on a rather modest scale. While the geographical extent of the Levant (i.e. the eastern Mediterranean, from the Taurus Zagros mountains in the north, to southern Sinai and from the coast eastwards of the Rift valley into the Saudi Arabian deserts) is relatively small, at least four or five variants of Initial Upper Palaeolithic lithic industries have been identified/defined, based on techno-typological criteria, geographical constraints and differing chronologies, as demonstrated at Boqer Tachtit, Tor Sadaf, Ksar Akil, Umm el-Tlel, and Ucagizli. Besides the usual obstacles archaeologists face in trying to identify and define relationships between various archaeological assemblages in time and space, prehistoric research of the Levant, like other regions, suffers from its Eurocentric past and international present, whereby research reflects the different 'weltanschauung' and paradigms of the scholars currently conducting it. We shall attempt to present a coherent picture of the present state of affairs, as well as our own understanding of the Levantine IUP, based on the locally available data within the wider context of current prehistoric research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete thermodynamic modeling of chemical transformations during carbothermic reduction of barium and boron from oxides has been performed. It was shown that during the processing of charge with a high BaO: BaO:B2O3(3:1), barium carbide (BaC2), iron boride (FeB), and barium hexaboride (BaB6) are present as phase components in the smelting products, with the former predominantly noticeable. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to produce a new ferroalloy containing boron and barium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gerald Schamess' writings have provided clinicians with a clear blueprint for structuring groups according to the developmental needs of each group. In this article, I highlight some of his ideas on children's groups, and apply them to a process group experience for graduate students. Topics such as roles, phase specific defenses, and how and when to intervene are described with clinical examples as illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define the phases of a complex sectorial matrix to be its canonical angles, which are uniquely determined from a sectorial decomposition of the matrix. Properties of matrix phases are studied, including those of compressions, Schur complements, matrix products, and sums. In particular, by exploiting a notion known as the compound numerical range, we establish a majorization relation between the phases of the eigenvalues of AB and the phases of A and B. This is then applied to investigate the rank of I + A B with phase information of A and B , which plays a crucial role in feedback stability analysis. A pair of problems: banded sectorial matrix completion and decomposition is studied. The phases of the Kronecker and Hadamard products are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a clean energy with high efficiency, while the storage and transport problems still prevent its extensive use. Because of the large specific surface area and unique electronic structure, two-dimensional materials have great potential in hydrogen storage. Particularly, monolayer 2H-WS2 has been proven to be suitable for hydrogen storage. But there are few studies concerning the other two phases of WS2 (1T, 1T′) in hydrogen storage. Here, we carried out first-principle calculations to investigate the hydrogen adsorption behaviors of all the three phases of WS2. Multiple hydrogen adsorption studies also evaluate the hydrogen storage abilities of these materials. Comprehensive analysis results show that the 1T′-WS2 has better hydrogen storage performance than the 2H-WS2, which means phase engineering could be an effective way to improve hydrogen storage performance. This paper provides a reference for the further study of hydrogen storage in two-dimensional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) films were deposited on glass, Al, Mo and Si substrates at room temperature in Ar-O2 plasma by RF magnetron sputtering system. The as-deposited films were annealed in air at 400∘C and 500∘C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that films annealed at 400∘C on all the substrates exhibited diffraction peaks of orthorhombic (α) and monoclinic (β) phases of MoO3. By increasing the annealing temperature to 500∘C, the α -MoO3 phase on glass became more significant when compared with the β -MoO3 phase. In contrast, the β -MoO3 phase was more prominent in the case of film grown on the Mo substrate. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated stretching vibrational modes of Mo = O and transverse optical modes of Mo-O-Mo on all the substrates. The surface morphology of MoO3 films on glass shows a flat surface at 400∘C that was changed into a layered-like structure at 500∘C. In the case of MoO3 films on Al and Si, arbitrary-shaped particles were transformed into needle and rod shapes, respectively, with increase of annealing temperature from 400∘C to 500∘C. The film annealed on Mo substrate at 400∘C revealed corrugated particles that were changed into coarse and elongated particles at 500∘C. The morphological changes in MoO3 film with increase of annealing temperature were associated with tensile strain developed inside MoO3 due to lattice and thermal mismatch between the film and the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West Circassian displays prominent polysynthetic morphology both in the verbal and nominal domains and both syntactic categories are subject to the same morphological ordering constraints. I argue that despite these similarities, nominal and verbal wordforms in West Circassian are in fact constructed via two distinct word formation processes: while the verbal root and any accompanying functional morphology are pronounced as a single phonological word by virtue of forming a single complex syntactic head via head displacement, the nominal head and its modifiers are pronounced as a single word due to rules of syntax-to-prosody mapping. Such a division of labor provides an account for why only nouns, and not verbs, exhibit productive noun incorporation in the language: West Circassian noun incorporation is prosodic, rather than syntactic. The evidence for the existence of these two avenues of word formation comes from a systematic violation of morpheme ordering observed in verbal nominalizations. In terms of broader theoretical impact, the proposed analysis provides insight into what factors shape a polysynthetic language: while it is tempting to reduce polysynthetic morphology to either simple head displacement or just a consequence of mapping complex syntactic structure to a single phonological word without any head displacement, the West Circassian data show that neither of these mechanisms can be dispensed with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate sleep quality is a crucial problem in today's hectic lifestyle. Sleep is known to facilitate cognitive skills, aid memory, and is important for physical, emotional and intellectual health. Objectives: To determine the sleep quality of the medical undergraduate students and to explore differences in various phases of medical curriculum. Material and Methods: Sleep quality was assessed in 400 medical students in various phases of the medical course using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi square test was used for comparisons of the all seven components of PSQI and sleep quality for different study year, whereas ANOVA was used for comparison of the components and global score. Results: Of the total, 25.3% of the participants classified their sleep quality as either very or fairly bad, and 31.1% reported taking more than 30 min to fall asleep. The average hours slept per night was 7.1 ± 1.21. Of the total, 8.4% of the participants reported using sleep medication at least once a week. Subjective sleep quality and sleep duration were found to be significantly different among the four groups. Conclusion: Poor subjective sleep quality was high for students in all class years of the undergraduate medical course. The comparison across the various phases of the course showed that first years reported worse sleep quality than did those in other class years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper I deal with a particular relative-clause superlative construction attested in Spanish dialects like Canariense (Bosque & Brucart 1991) and Puerto Rican (Rohena-Madrazo 2007), among others. In this construction the superlative quantifier raises to the left of the complementizer of the relative clause. However, as observed by Bosque & Brucart (1991), only object quantifiers can move in this way; subject quantifiers cannot. I account for this assymmetry by assuming Bianchi's (2000) raising analysis for relative clauses, Kandybowicz's (2009) theory on edge features and Pesetsky & Torrego's (2001) proposal on Tense-to-Comp movement (among other assumptions). Objectquantifier movement correlates with Tense-to-Comp movement, which activates an edge feature for objects and allows them to escape the phasal minimal domain undergoing Transfer. This is not possible for subject-quantifier movement. I also propose that the determiner introducing a relative clause bears an uninterpretable [Superlative] feature with clitic-like properties. This feature forces the determiner to post-syntactically cliticize to the superlative quantifier degree word, a process which requires linear adjacency. This accounts for certain restrictions on this sort of superlative quantifier raising already pointed out by Bosque & Brucart (1991). The proposal (similar to the one in Rohena-Madrazo 2007) that [Superlative] may also be in Force in these dialects (if selected for Force by the determiner) explains a more restrictive (and widespread) variant of this construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researches were carried out in the orchard of the company "Agroparc Management" LLC, during the years 2017-2019. The object of the research was the apricot trees Wonder Cot, Spring Blush, Magic Cot, Lilly Cot, Pinkcot, Perle Cot, Orange Red, Sweet Cot, Big Red, Kyoto, Faralia and Farbaly varieties, grafted on the rootstock Mirobalan 29C. Planting distance 5.0 x 3.0 m. Apricot trees were planted in the spring of 2015. During the research we studied the period of onset of the phases beginning to bloom and the maturation of fruit harvest, the period between these two phases at various apricot varieties. It was established that the biological particularities of the variety influence the period of onset of the beginning of flowering phases and the maturation of apricot fruit harvest, the period between these two phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is one of the most important challenges of our age. It is necessary to decrease the greenhouse gas emission (GGE) globally and to achieve that GGE quotas and their' trading markets have been introduced in a lot of countries and regions. In this paper the effectiveness of EU ETS quota trading system, which was created to decrease the GGE in the EU, is analyzed. The ETS is in its third phase: Phase 1: 2005-2007; Phase 2: 2008-2012; Phase 3: 2013-until today (with 2020 as the end date). The effectiveness of the different ETS phases are analyzed based on data from the European Union Transaction Log which is the official site of the European Commission concerning the ETS. Statistical methods are used to examine if the extent of the quota overallocation which was experienced at the start of the quota system and the extent of the unbalanced over- and under-usage of allocated quotas between countries and their companies were decreased due to the reforms introduced in the third phase, which included increasing the share of quotas sold on the auction market and the introduction of centralized quota allocation. According to the results of the analysis, reforms introduced in the third phase increased the effectiveness of the EU ETS, as the overallocation (observed typically in the Eastern-Central European countries) ceased, the region specificity of the system greatly diminished, while the unbalance between countries and their companies slightly decreased. Thanks to these developments, the EU ETS is currently able to play a decisive role in achieving the targeted climate goals of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storsteinen is one of the four major rock art localities in Alta, northern Norway, and also the least known part of this World Heritage site. The complex nature of the engraved panel combined with the rock's elevation above sea level may explain why it has been assigned a rather obscure position in Alta rock art research. Based on new recordings of the panel, and a reassessment of the rock's positioning in relation to the shoreline displacement, an analysis where Storsteinen is compared with assumed contemporaneous sites in Alta, in particular Hjemmeluft and Kafjord, is presented. Based on this analysis a new suggestion for Storsteinen's chronological affiliation is provided and the author also discusses the congruity of the well-established chronological phasing of the Alta rock art corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the comparative study of amorphization tendency of Al86Ni6Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 alloy powders via mechanical alloying performed at 300 revolution per minute with ball-to-powder ratio of 15:1 and subsequently the devitrification tendency of 300 °C and 500 °C spark plasma-sintered bulk amorphous alloys. Mechanically alloyed Al86Ni6Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 powders yielded nearly fully amorphous structure after 140, 170 and 200 h, respectively. The requirement of prolonged milling was attributed to the soft and ductile nature of aluminum with high stacking fault energy. Amorphous powders were consolidated via spark plasma sintering at 300 and 500 °C by applying a constant pressure of 500 MPa. X-ray diffraction was performed on the 300- and 500 °C-sintered samples. XRD patterns of the 300 °C-sintered alloys exhibited very-low-intensity nanocrystalline FCC-Al peak overlaying an amorphous hump evincing retention of a large amount of the amorphous phase. Enhanced devitrification tendency was reported in the 500 °C-sintered alloys; however, a major difference in the devitrification tendency of the 500 °C-sintered Al86Ni8Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 alloys was that the quinary alloy exhibited higher tendency of devitrification, which was also corroborated by performing HRTEM and analytical TEM experiment. This could be attributed to the higher probability of coupling of atoms by short-range atomic shuffling during spark plasma sintering. Vickers hardness, and relative density estimated via Archimedes' principle, varied depending on the degree of free volume annihilation and crystallization during sintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper discusses the problem of deriving quotational expressions (QEs) – a relatively unexplored field in the generative tradition – in the context of phase theory (PT). QEs are taken to be built within Narrow Syntax. While this fact is empirically well-motivated, it turns out to be conceptually problematic for cyclic derivations driven by feature makeup. Empirical data show that QEs represent a unique mixture of conflicting properties. On the one hand, they must be interpretable as both atomic and not. This extends to two readings of the embedding of enquotation, which are argued to follow from recursive and purely iterative, non-recursive interpretation. On the other hand, having no limits in length and scope, QEs are more challenging for PT than other non-compositional chunks. I argue that these effects unearth an important conceptual contrast. While they pose certain problems for the Minimalist approach, they naturally follow from the account of Narrow Syntax proposed by Jan-Wouter Zwart. In this regard the gap in applicability of each account to the discussed phenomenon sheds new light on the role of features in PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]