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Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized by a green technology using lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. reuteri). The exposure of aqueous sodium selenite to LAB led to the synthesis of SeNPs. Characterization of SeNPs by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDXS) analysis revealed the presence of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical SeNPs of an average size of 146 ± 71 nm. Additionally, SeNPs hydrodynamic size was determined by dispersive light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). For this purpose, a methodology based on the use of surfactants in basic medium was developed for isolating SeNPs from the bacterial pellet. The hydrodynamic size values provided by DLS and NTA were 258 ± 4 and 187 ± 56 nm, respectively. NTA measurements of number-based concentration reported values of ( 4.67 ± 0.30 ) x 10 9 SeNPs mL−1 with a relative standard deviation lower than 5% (n = 3). The quantitative results obtained by NTA were supported by theoretical calculations. Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) on line coupled to the inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and off-line coupled to DLS was further employed to characterize biogenic SeNPs. The distribution of the particle size for the Se-containing peak provide an average size of (247 ± 14) nm. The data obtained by independent techniques were in good agreement and the developed methodology could be implemented for characterizing NPs in complex matrices such as biogenic nanoparticles embedded inside microbial material.

espanolObjetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la perspectiva de los padres de ninos con cancer en la busqueda de informacion en diferentes momentos del tratamiento. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas fueran desarrolladas con 22 padres en dos hospitales publicos de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Los datos se analizaron mediante analisis de contenido inductiva. Resultados: No se observo un estandar en la busqueda de informacion en el curso de la enfermedad, pero diferentes requisitos en cuanto al tipo de informacion segun el avance del nino o adolescente en el plan de tratamiento. Las principales fuentes de informacion fueron: medicos, otros profesionales de salud que no enfermeras y Internet. El medico sigue siendo la referencia como fuente de informacion. La enfermera tiene papel muy modesto en relacion con sus posibilidades de actuacion como proveedora de informacion. Los padres pusieron de relieve la necesidad de una informacion clara e individualizada. Conclusiones: Se espera de los profesionales implicados en la atencion a esta clientela la disposicion a proporcionar la informacion y la adopcion de estrategias para simplificar la informacion proporcionada con el fin de preparar los padres para cuidar y para el proceso de toma de decisiones durante el tratamiento. portuguesObjetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a perspectiva de pais de criancas com câncer na busca de informacoes em diferentes momentos do tratamento. Metodo: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 22 pais em dois hospitais publicos de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados segundo os procedimentos da analise de conteudo indutiva. Resultados: Nao foi observado um padrao na busca por informacoes na trajetoria da doenca, mas necessidades diferentes quanto ao tipo de informacao, a medida que a crianca ou adolescente avanca dentro do plano terapeutico. As principais fontes de informacao apontadas foram: os medicos, outros profissionais de saude que nao o enfermeiro e a internet. O medico ainda e a referencia como fonte de informacao. O enfermeiro apresentou um papel bem modesto em relacao as suas possibilidades de atuacao enquanto educador e provedor de informacoes. Pais e maes evidenciaram a necessidade de informacoes claras e individualizadas. Conclusoes: Espera-se que os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado dessa clientela estejam dispostos a fornecer informacoes e adotar estrategias para simplificar as informacoes fornecidas, a fim de preparar os pais para o processo de tomada de decisao durante o tratamento. EnglishObjective: The study aimed to explore the perspective of parents of children with cancer when searching for information at different points in the treatment. Method: This is a descriptive study with qualitative data analysis. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 parents at two public hospitals in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: We did not observe a pattern in the search for information during the disease trajectory, but different needs regarding the type of information as the child or adolescent advances within the therapeutic plan. The primary sources of information were: doctors, other health professionals than nurses and the internet. The doctor remains the reference as a source of information. Nurses presented a very modest role concerning their possibilities to serve as educators and information providers. Parents stressed the need for precise and individualized information. Conclusions: The professionals involved in the care for this population are expected to be ready to provide information and to adopt strategies to simplify the information given to enable these families for care and for the decision-making process during treatment.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a broad heterogeneous group of generally food-grade microorganisms historically used in food preservation. Novel methodologies together with the development of molecular techniques have allowed the identification and discovery of new genera and species. Application of LAB has changed from traditionally fermented foods and beverages to rationally controlled food fermentation, in situ production of industrially relevant metabolites, and use as probiotics or as efficient microbial cell factories. Despite the beneficial status of LAB, some psychrotrophic species may cause detrimental effects in packaged foods. An overview of traditional and novel applications of these fascinating bacteria is presented.

The high nutritional value of whey makes it an interesting substrate for the development of fermented foods. The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and proteolytic activity of sixty-four strains of lactic acid bacteria in whey to further formulate a starter culture for the development of fermented whey-based beverages. Fermentations were performed at 37°C for 24 h in 10 and 16% (w/v) reconstituted whey powder. Cultivable populations, pH, and proteolytic activity (o-phthaldialdehyde test) were determined at 6 and 24 h incubation. Hydrolysis of whey proteins was analysed by Tricine SDS-PAGE. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the behaviour of strains. Forty-six percent of the strains grew between 1 and 2 Δlog CFU/ml while 19% grew less than 0·9 Δlog CFU/ml in both reconstituted whey solutions. Regarding the proteolytic activity, most of the lactobacilli released amino acids and small peptides during the first 6 h incubation while streptococci consumed the amino acids initially present in whey to sustain growth. Whey proteins were degraded by the studied strains although to different extents. Special attention was paid to the main allergenic whey protein, β-lactoglobulin, which was degraded the most by Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656. The strain variability observed and the PCA applied in this study allowed selecting appropriate strains able to improve the nutritional characteristics (through amino group release and protein degradation) and storage (decrease in pH) of whey. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Bru, Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) is employed as functional food ingredient because of its nutritional value and emulsifying properties. However, the major whey protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the main cause of milk allergy. The aim of this study was to formulate a fermented whey beverage using selected lactic acid bacteria and WPC35 (WPC containing 35% of proteins) to obtain a fermented product with low lactose and BLG contents and high essential amino acid concentration. Cell viability, lactose consumption, lactic acid production, proteolytic activity, amino acid release and BLG degradation by the selected strains Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 and Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 804, as single or mixed (SLaB) cultures were evaluated in WPC35 (10%, w/v) incubated at 37 degrees C for 24h. Then, the fermented WPC35 was mixed with peach juice and calcium lactate (2%, w/v) and stored at 10 degrees C for 28 days. During fermentation, single cultures grew 1.7-3.1 log CFU/ml and produced 25.1-95.0 mmol/l of lactic acid as consequence of lactose consumption (14.0-41.8 mmol/l) after 12h fermentation. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 was the most proteolytic strain (626 microg/ml Leu) and released the branched-chain essential amino acids Leu (16 microg/ml), Ile (27 microg/ml) and Val (43 microg/ml). All strains were able to degrade BLG in a range of 41-85% after 12h incubation. The starter culture SLaB grew 3.0 log CFU/ml, showed marked pH reduction, produced 122.0 mmol/l of lactic acid, displayed high proteolytic activity (484 microg/ml Leu) releasing Leu (13 microg/ml), Ile (18 microg/ml) and Val (35 microg/ml), and hydrolyzed 92% of BLG. The addition of calcium lactate to WPC35 maintained the drink pH stable during shelf life; no contamination was detected during this period. After 28 days, a decrease in cell viability of all strains was observed being more pronounced for L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 and L. acidophilus CRL 636 (2.3 and 1.9 log CFU/ml, respectively). The results showed that WPC fermentation by rationally selected lactic acid bacteria might be used for developing functional beverages with improved characteristics such as reduced BLG content and increased branched-chain essential amino acids.

Objective Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination in different groups of women in Sao Paulo. Methods Application of a questionnaire to 392 women divided in four groups. Group one: 101 patients of the National Health Service, Group two: 95 female physicians; Group three: 95 female medical students; and Group four: 101 wives of gynecologists. Results Self-examination was performed by 90.3% of women, Group 1 having the lowest rate, 69.3%. However, proper self-examination (performed monthly or once per cycle, after menstrual period, with at least one stage in standing or sitting up position) was performed by only 30.4%, the poorest performance being found in Group 1 (15.7%) and the best one in Group 2 (43.6%). For women in Group 1, “mass media” was the most important source of information on breast self-examination, whereas for the other groups, it was “medical sources”. Conclusion The majority of women are knowledgeable about breast self-examination but perform it improperly, this finding being more common among women who depend on the National Health Service, who represent a section of the general population. As breast self-examination remains an important tool in countries with limited resources, this study confirms the importance of disseminating proper information, and that more investment should be made in awareness campaigns.

Aims: To evaluate the ability of themophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to hydrolyse the whey proteins β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and α-lactalbumin (ALA) in a chemically defined medium (CDM). Methods and Results: The ability of three LAB strains to hydrolyse BLG and ALA was studied in a CDM supplemented with these proteins or whey protein concentrate (WPC). Protein hydrolysis was determined by Tricine/SDS–PAGE and RP–HPLC. Maximum BLG (21%) and ALA (26%) degradation by LAB was observed using WPC. Under starving conditions, BLG degradation was greater for Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CRL 454 than for Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 804. All three strains showed different peptide profiles and were not able to hydrolyse ALA under starvation. Conclusions: The assayed LAB strains were able to degrade BLG during growth in a CDM and under starving conditions. The different peptide profiles obtained indicate distinct protease specificities. Significance and Impact of the Study: These strains could be used as adjunct cultures to increase BLG digestibility in whey-based or whey-containing foods. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ability of a Lact. acidophilus strain to degrade BLG.

The consumers demand for food with high nutritional quality and free of chemical additives increases the need to look for new products and preservation strategies. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an Andean pseudocereal highly appreciated because of its nutritional properties. Moreover, it is an optimal substrate for growing and production of improved amounts of antifungal compounds by Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 778. The aim of this work was to optimize a lactic ferment for packaged breads with improved nutritional value and prolonged shelf life by applying a statistical experimental design model. The addition of 30% quinoa to the wheat semi-liquid ferment (QWF) could highly improve the amino acids release (4.3 g/L) during fermentation. Moreover, this quinoa proportion was sufficient to obtain the same concentration of the antifungal compounds, phenyllactic and hydroxiphenyllactic acids (PLA and OH-PLA) as with 100% quinoa (ca. 36 and 51 mg/L, respectively). Statistical model analysis showed that citrate and skimmed milk enhanced significantly all evaluated parameters specially PLA (ca. 71 mg/L), HO-PLA (ca. 75 mg/L) and lactate (27 g/L) with a p value < 0.005. The synergic effects of higher antifungal compounds production, acids release and pH decrease allowed lowering the amount (about 50 %) of the chemical preservative calcium propionate commonly added to bread. Moreover, these breads show increased shelf life. Fil: Dallagnol, Andrea Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Rollan, Graciela Celestina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Torino, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina

Whey, a cheese by-product used as a food additive, is produced worldwide at 40.7 million tons per year.b-Lactoglobulin (BLG), the main whey protein, is poorly digested and is highly allergenic. We aimed to study the contribution of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 454 to BLG digestion and to analyse its ability to degrade the main allergenic sequences of this protein. Pre-hydrolysis of BLG by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 454 increases digestion of BLG assayed by an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal system. Moreover, peptides from hydrolysis of the allergenic sequences V41-K60, Y102-R124, C121-L140 and L149-I162 were found when BLG was hydrolysed by this strain. Interestingly,peptides possessing antioxidant, ACE inhibitory, antimicrobial and immuno-modulating properties were found in BLG degraded by both the Lactobacillus strain and digestive enzymes. To conclude, pre-hydrolysis of BLG by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 454 has a positive effect on BLG digestion and could diminish allergenic reactions. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Haertlé, Thomas. Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques. Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages; Francia Fil: Chobert, Jean-Marc. Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques. Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages; Francia Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Este artigo realiza uma análise acerca da evolução financeira do Fundo Nacional de Saúde (FNS) do SUS no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo, em geral, e do bloco de financiamento da média e alta complexidade (MAC), em particular, durante os anos 2000. O artigo está estruturado em duas partes. A primeira parte apresenta as características gerais do FNS e verifica a composição dos seus blocos de financiamento, entre 2000 a 2011, explicitando que o bloco MAC possui uma participação financeira superior perante os outros. A segunda parte apresenta uma análise da direção do gasto efetuado pela média e alta complexidade, identificando que a Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) concentra a maior parte dos seus recursos financeiros.

Pretende-se abordaralguns aspectos da Videoinstalação “Atrás da Porta: Uma Topologia dos Espaços Inacessíveis” do artista visual Fernando Pião. O artista buscou, com esta obra, os espaços “invisíveis” da galeria, colocando câmeras de vigilância, desviando-as de sua função de vigiar para que pudessem trazer outros mundos, outras paisagens, a diferença, uma fuga dos poderes da sociedade do controle

Aim : to assess the prevalence of diminished frequency of bowel movements, lumpy or hard stools, intestinal constipation, straining, incomplete evacuation, incontinence (bowel dysfunctions) in patients with brain injury resulting from cerebrovascular accident, either self-reported or reported by their caregivers; to describe the type and frequency of such dysfunctions; and the prevalence of laxative use both before and after stroke. Method : cross-sectional study with 98 hospitalized patients admitted for rehabilitation between December 2009 and May 2010. Results : the prevalence of bowel dysfunctions before stroke was 23.96% whereas after the lesion it was 55.21% (p Conclusion : Bowel dysfunctions increases significantly after stroke. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand and characterize such dysfunctions, which are scarcely described in the literature.

Metabolomics, also called metabonomics or metabolic profiling, deals with the simultaneous determination and quantitative analysis of intracellular metabolites or low-molecular-mass molecules. The metabolomics field, which has begun a little more than ten years ago thanks to the development of technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), has been successfully applied in different areas of food science. This review deals with the recent achievements of metabolomics in the comprehensive analysis of fermented foods predominated by lactic acid bacteria, the fermentative capacity of these microorganisms and the beneficial effects of functional foods and probiotics. Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: Ortiz, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: Bleckwedel, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: de Vuyst, Luc. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel. Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences; Bélgica; Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina

The ability of industrially relevant species of thermophilic lactobacilli strains to hydrolyze proteins from animal (caseins and ß-lactoglobulin) and vegetable (soybean and wheat) sources, as well as the influence of the peptide content of the growth medium on the cell envelope-associated proteinase (CEP) activity were evaluated. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis (CRL 581 and 654), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (CRL 454 and 656), Lactobacillus acidophilus (CRL 636 and 1063) and Lactobacillus helveticus (CRL 1062 and 1177) were grown in a chemically defined medium supplemented or not with 1% Casitone. All strains hydrolyzed mainly ß-casein while the degradation of a-casein was strain-dependent. Contrariwise, ?-Casein was poorly degraded by the studied lactobacilli. ß-lactoglobulin was mainly hydrolyzed by CRL 656, CRL 636 and CRL 1062 strains. The L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis strains, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 and L. helveticus CRL 1177 degraded gliadin in high extent while the L. acidophilus and L. helveticus strains hydrolyzed highly the soy proteins. Proteinase production was inhibited by Casitone being the L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis species the most affected. This study highlights the importance of the proteolytic diversity of lactobacilli for the rational strain selection when formulating hydrolyzed dairy or vegetable food products. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: Espeche Turbay, Maria Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina; Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina; Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina

Quinoa fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an interesting alternative to produce new bakery products with high nutritional value; furthermore, they are suitable for celiac patients because this pseudocereal contains no gluten. Growth and lactic acid production during slurry fermentations by Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 778 were greater in quinoa (9.8 log cfu/mL, 23.1 g/L) than in wheat (8.9 log cfu/mL, 13.9 g/L). Lactic fermentation indirectly stimulated flour protein hydrolysis by endogenous proteases of both slurries. However, quinoa protein hydrolysis was faster reaching 40-100% at 8 h of incubation while wheat protein hydrolysis was only 0-20%. In addition, a higher amount of peptides (24) and free amino acids (5g/L) were determined in quinoa compared to wheat. Consequently, greater concentrations (ca. 2.6-folds) of the antifungal compounds (phenyllactic and hydroxyphenyllactic acids) were synthesized from Phe and Tyr in quinoa by L. plantarum CRL 778, an antifungal strain. These promising results suggest this LAB strain could be used in the formulation of quinoa sourdough to obtain baked goods with improved nutritional quality and shelf life, suitable for celiac patients. Fil: Dallagnol, Andrea Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Química y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Rollan, Graciela Celestina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina

El lactosuero, subproducto de la industria quesera, contiene alrededor de un 25 % de las proteínas, 8 % de las grasas y aproximadamente un 95 % de la lactosa presentes en la leche, lo que representa una gran fuente de nutrientes para su utilización como alimento o ingrediente. Las proteínas del lactosuero poseen un alto valor biológico y son ricas en aminoácidos esenciales. Actualmente, el lactosuero se utiliza en la fabricación de productos lácteos, cárnicos, de confitería, panificados y bebidas. También se usa desecado para sustituir la leche descremada en polvo en quesos y yogures, aportando proteínas de alta calidad a bajo costo. Las proteínas del lactosuero tienen múltiples cualidades benéficas para la salud, sin embargo, una de sus proteínas mayoritarias, la βlactoglobulina (BLG), es el principal alérgeno de la leche. La alergia a la leche bovina afecta a un 2-5 % de los niños occidentales y hasta el momento la única estrategia preventiva es la eliminación del alérgeno de la dieta. Las bacterias lácticas (BAL) son utilizadas en la producción de diversos alimentos fermentados especialmente de origen lácteo. Los alimentos funcionales fermentados -grupo de alimentos con propiedades específicas benéficas para la salud- deben sus características a la actividad de cultivos lácticos funcionales sobre la materia prima los cuales pueden mejorar las propiedades organolépticas, tecnológicas y/o nutricionales del alimento. La hidrólisis de las proteínas por BAL puede otorgar al producto fermentado ciertas características benéficas mediante la degradación de proteínas alergénicas y liberación de péptidos con actividad biológica y/o aminoácidos esenciales. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina

The whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is highly allergenic. Lactic acid bacteria can degrade milk proteins. The capacity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 to hydrolyse the major BLG epitopes (V41-K60; Y102-R124; L149-I162) and decrease their recognition by IgE of allergic patients was evaluated. The intensity of BLG degradation was analysed by Tricine SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Peptides released were identified by LC-MS/MS and the hydrolysates were tested for their capacity to inhibit IgE binding by ELISA test. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 degraded BLG (35%, 8 h). The sequence analysis of the released peptides indicated that this strain degraded three main BLG epitopes. BLG-positive sera (3-5 year old children) were used for testing IgE binding inhibition of BLG hydrolysates from the Lactobacillus strain. The hydrolysates were less immuno-reactive (32%) than the heated BLG. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 could be used for developing hypoallergenic dairy products. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Rabesona, Hanitra. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Drouet, Martine. Unité Allergologie Générale et Pneumologie; Francia Fil: Choiset, Yvan. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Haertlé, Thomas. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Chobert, Jean-Marc. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia

An analysis of the peptides generated by hydrolysis of BLG by nonproliferating cells of the strain Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 was carried out. The effect of polysaccharides (pectin, and two EPS synthesized by two Streptococcus thermophilus strains, EPS1190 and EPS804) on BLG digestibility using an in vitro gastric/pancreatic system was analyzed. Polysaccharides are commonly used in the dairy industry to improve food texture; these hydrocolloids may interact with proteins, affecting their digestibility. Nonproliferating cells of Lb. acidophilus CRL 636 were able to hydrolyze 52% of BLG. Twenty-six resulting peptides with molecular masses in the range 544-4119 Da were identified by LC-MS/MS. These peptides resulted mostly from the hydrolysis of the more accessible N-terminal part of BLG. Degradation of BLG by pepsin was poor (8%). When BLG was previously hydrolyzed by Lb. acidophilus CRL 636, peptic hydrolysis was of 54.8%, while when pectin and EPS1190 were added, hydrolysis was higher (58.2 and 57.2%, respectively). Peptides crossing 8 kDa dialysis membranes after trypsin/chymotrypsin hydrolysis were analyzed by HPSEC. The produced peptides were smaller when BLG was hydrolyzed previously by the Lb. acidophilus strain. Moreover, in the presence of pectin, the amount of the larger peptide (3.5 kDa) observed in the size exclusion chromatograms was considerably decreased. Our studies showed that prehydrolysis of BLG by Lb. acidophilus CRL 636 had a positive influence on BLG digestibility and that polysaccharides may change the peptide profile yielded by trypsin/chymotrypsin hydrolysis, releasing smaller size peptides, which are known to be less immune-reactive. Moreover, Lb. acidophilus CRL 636 was able to hydrolyze the main epitopes (41-60, 102-124, and 149-162) of BLG, reducing its allergenic content. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Dalgalarrondo, Michèle. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Haertlé, Thomas. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Chobert, Jean Marc. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina

Whey, a by-product of the cheese industry usually disposed as waste, is a source of biological and functional valuable proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potentiality of three lactic acid bacteria strains to design a starter culture for developing functional whey-based drinks. Fermentations were performed at 37 and 42 °C for 24 h in reconstituted whey powder (RW). Carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids concentrations during fermentation were evaluated by RP-HPLC. Proteolytic activity was measured by the o-phthaldialdehyde test and hydrolysis of whey proteins was analyzed by Tricine SDS-PAGE. The studied strains grew well (2-3 log cfu/ml) independently of the temperature used. Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 804 consumed 12% of the initial lactose concentration and produced the highest amount of lactic acid (45 mmol/l) at 24 h. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 454 was the most proteolytic (91 μg Leu/ml) strain and released the branched chain amino acids Leu and Val. In contrast, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and S. thermophilus CRL 804 consumed most of the amino acids present in whey. The studied strains were able to degrade the major whey proteins, α-lactalbumin being degraded in a greater extent (2.2-3.4-fold) than β-lactoglobulin. Two starter cultures were evaluated for their metabolic and proteolytic activities in RW. Both cultures acidified and reduced the lactose content in whey in a greater extent than the strains alone. The amino acid release was higher (86 μg/ml) for the starter SLb (strains CRL 804+CRL 454) than for SLa (strains CRL 804+CRL 636, 37 μg/ml). Regarding α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin degradation, no differences were observed as compared to the values obtained with the single cultures. The starter culture SLb showed high potential to be used for developing fermented whey-based beverages. © 2008. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina

To evaluate the ability of themophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to hydrolyse the whey proteins beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) and alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) in a chemically defined medium (CDM).The ability of three LAB strains to hydrolyse BLG and ALA was studied in a CDM supplemented with these proteins or whey protein concentrate (WPC). Protein hydrolysis was determined by Tricine/SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Maximum BLG (21%) and ALA (26%) degradation by LAB was observed using WPC. Under starving conditions, BLG degradation was greater for Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CRL 454 than for Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 804. All three strains showed different peptide profiles and were not able to hydrolyse ALA under starvation.The assayed LAB strains were able to degrade BLG during growth in a CDM and under starving conditions. The different peptide profiles obtained indicate distinct protease specificities.These strains could be used as adjunct cultures to increase BLG digestibility in whey-based or whey-containing foods. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ability of a Lact. acidophilus strain to degrade BLG.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o progresso de paraplégicos na assunção do autocuidado, após a implementação de um programa educativo relacionado a 16 déficits identificados na eliminação intestinal; verificar a influência do nível neurológico da lesão e lócus de controle à saúde na assunção do autocuidado. MÉTODOS: Estudo semi-experimental com 28 pacientes, 14 pertencentes ao grupo experimental aos quais aplicou-se o programa educativo e 14 do grupo controle submetidos ao tratamento convencional da instituição. Foram atribuídos escores às ações de enfermagem: fazer - 4, guiar - 3, apoiar - 2, ensinar - 1, independente - 0. RESULTADOS: O grupo experimental progrediu significativamente na assunção do autocuidado em comparação com o grupo controle (teste de Quiquadrado p-value

En la Argentina, el 90% del lactosuero de quesería es descartado provocando contaminación ambiental. Este importante subproducto podría ser utilizado para elaborar bebidas fermentadas funcionales de mejor digestibilidad y elevado contenido proteico. En este trabajo se estudió la capacidad de ciertas bacterias lácticas (BAL) de crecer en lactosuero y de degradar la β-lactoglobulina (BLG), proteína mayoritaria del lactosuero resistente a la digestión y potencialmente alergénica. Las BAL fueron capaces de crecer en lactosuero, liberar aminácidos y reducir el pH y el contenido de lactosa. La hidrólisis de BLG por las BAL incrementó la concentración de aminoácidos y péptidos pequeños, de mayor asimilación en el intestino. La presencia de polisacáridos en la matriz alimentaria aumentaría la digestibilidad de BLG. Las BAL seleccionadas podrían ser usadas en la elaboración de nuevos productos funcionales de lactosuero. Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Se estudiaron las características bioquímicas y cinéticas de Aminopeptidasa N (PepN) de Streptococcus thermophilus TW43. La máxima actividad de la enzima fue determinada a pH 6,8 y 40ºC. El EDTA y la o-fenantrolina inhibieron fuertemente a PepN, en consecuencia se la consideró una metalopeptidasa. El imidazol inhibió parcialmente la actividad enzimática sugiriendo que la histidina es responsable de la unión del ión metálico en el sitio activo. Dentro de los cationes divalentes solo el Cu++ exhibió una leve inhibición, mientras que el Co++ aumentó la actividad enzimática aproximadamente cinco veces. La PepN se mantuvo activa bajo las condiciones de maduración sugiriendo que Streptococcus thermophilus TW43 puede contribuir al desarrollo del flavor en quesos a través de su función en la producción de aminoácidos libres. Biochemical and kinetic characteristics of the general Aminopeptidase N (PepN) from Streptococcus thermophilus TW43 were studied. Maximal activity of the enzyme was determined at pH 6.8 and 40ºC. Pep N was strongly inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Therefore, it was considered to be a metallopeptidase. Imidazole partially inhibited enzyme activity suggesting histidine is one of the amino acids related to metal binding in the active site. Among the bivalent cations only Cu++ exhibited slight inhibition while Co++ increased enzymatic activity nearly fivefold. PepN remained active under ripening condition (pH 5.0 and 15ºC) suggesting that Streptococcus thermophilus TW43 may contribute to flavor cheese development through its role in production of free amino acids. Fil: Marguet, Emilio Rogelio. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Trelew; Argentina Fil: Vallejo, Marisol. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Trelew; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Trelew; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina