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155. Plasmin and coagulant activities in a minicurd model system: Study of technological parameters.

Author

Vélez, M. A., Perotti, M. C., Candioti, M. C., Bergamini, C. V., and Hynes, E. R.

Subjects
*CURD (Dairy product), *PLASMIN, *COAGULANTS, *CHEESE, *WHEY, *ELECTROPHORESIS, *COOKING
Abstract

The effect of scalding temperature of the curd, the inclusion of a washing step, and the pH at whey drainage on plasmin and coagulant activities were assessed in a minicurd model of young hard cooked cheese. The variables were tested as follows: draining pH was assayed at 3 levels (4.6, 5.6, and 6.4), curd scalding temperature was tested at 50 and 56°C, and washing of the curd was examined at 2 levels (no washing step, and the replacement of the whey by water). Increase in pH at whey drainage and washing of the curd had a positive effect on plasmin activity, which was also evidenced by compatible changes in soluble peptide profiles. No effect of increased cooking temperature was found on plasmin activity. Plasminogen activation was not verified in any treatment. As for coagulant, lower pH values at whey drainage and a decrease in curd cooking temperature increased its activity; washing of the curd showed no influence on coagulant residual activity. These results were consistent with proteolysis described by peptide profiles, electrophoresis, and soluble nitrogen fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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156. Feeding regime and food availability determine behavioural decisions under predation risk in Pleurodema thaul (Anura: Leiuperidae) tadpoles.

Author

Pueta, Mariana, Cruz, Félix B., and Perotti, M. Gabriela

Subjects
ANTIPREDATOR behavior, ANURA behavior, TADPOLES, FORAGING behavior, AMPHIBIANS -- Food, PLEURODEMA, ANIMAL behavior
Abstract

Movement makes prey more vulnerable to predators. Antipredator responses usually have associated costs such as reduced feeding activity, and decisions made under predation risk may be affected by the feeding state of the prey. In this study, we evaluated whether food regime influences antipredator behavioural responses of Pleurodema thaul tadpoles (diet treatment) before adding food or water (incentive treatment) while the tadpoles were exposed to alarm cues. Under predation risk, normally fed tadpoles showed decreased overall activity, whereas poorly fed tadpoles spent more time feeding after food was provided. Tadpoles in all treatments decreased their swimming activity but not their feeding activity. Our study showed that swimming behaviour was more sensitive to predation risk than feeding behaviour. We suggest that the motivational state of tadpoles under different environmental conditions should be considered when behavioural patterns are analysed to understand short-term trade-offs between foraging requirements and predator avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

167. Poster session III * Friday 10 December 2010, 08:30-12:30

Author

Guldbrand, D., primary, Goetzsche, O., additional, Eika, B., additional, Watanabe, N., additional, Taniguchi, M., additional, Akagi, T., additional, Koide, N., additional, Sano, S., additional, Orbovic, B., additional, Obrenovic-Kircanski, B., additional, Ristic, S., additional, Soskic, L. J., additional, Alhabshan, F., additional, Jijeh, A., additional, Abo Remsh, H., additional, Alkhaldi, A., additional, Najm, H. K., additional, Gasior, Z., additional, Skowerski, M., additional, Kulach, A., additional, Szymanski, L., additional, Sosnowski, M., additional, Wang, M., additional, Siu, C. W., additional, Lee, K., additional, Yue, W. S., additional, Yan, G. H., additional, Lee, S., additional, Lau, C. P., additional, Tse, H. F., additional, O'connor, K., additional, Rosca, M., additional, Magne, J., additional, Romano, G., additional, Moonen, M., additional, Pierard, L. A., additional, Lancellotti, P., additional, Floria, M., additional, De Roy, L., additional, Blommaert, D., additional, Jamart, J., additional, Dormal, F., additional, Lacrosse, M., additional, Arsenescu Georgescu, C., additional, Mizariene, V., additional, Bucyte, S., additional, Bertasiute, A., additional, Pociute, E., additional, Zaliaduonyte-Peksiene, D., additional, Baronaite-Dudoniene, K., additional, Sileikiene, R., additional, Vaskelyte, J., additional, Jurkevicius, R., additional, Dencker, M., additional, Thorsson, O., additional, Karlsson, M. K., additional, Linden, C., additional, Wollmer, P., additional, Andersen, L. B., additional, Catalano, O., additional, Perotti, M. R., additional, Colombo, E., additional, De Giorgi, M., additional, Cattaneo, M., additional, Cobelli, F., additional, Priori, S. G., additional, Ober, C., additional, Iancu Adrian, I. A., additional, Andreea Parv, P. A., additional, Cadis Horatiu, C. H., additional, Ober Mihai, O. M., additional, Chmielecki, M., additional, Fijalkowski, M., additional, Galaska, R., additional, Dubaniewicz, W., additional, Lewicki, L., additional, Targonski, R., additional, Ciecwierz, D., additional, Puchalski, W., additional, Koprowski, A., additional, Rynkiewicz, A., additional, Hristova, K., additional, La Gerche, A., additional, Katova, T. Z., additional, Kostova, V., additional, Simova, Y., additional, Kempny, A., additional, Diller, G. P., additional, Orwat, S., additional, Kaleschke, G., additional, Kerckhoff, G., additional, Schmidt, R., additional, Radke, R. M., additional, Baumgartner, H., additional, Smarz, K., additional, Zaborska, B., additional, Jaxa-Chamiec, T., additional, Maciejewski, P., additional, Budaj, A., additional, Kiotsekoglou, A., additional, Govind, S. C., additional, Gadiyaram, V., additional, Moggridge, J. C., additional, Govindan, M., additional, Gopal, A. S., additional, Ramesh, S. S., additional, Brodin, L. A., additional, Saha, S. K., additional, Ramzy, I. S., additional, Lindqvist, P., additional, Lam, Y. Y., additional, Duncan, A. M., additional, Henein, M. Y., additional, Craciunescu, I. S., additional, Serban, M., additional, Iancu, M., additional, Revnic, C., additional, Popescu, B. A., additional, Alexandru, D., additional, Rogoz, D., additional, Uscatescu, V., additional, Ginghina, C., additional, Careri, G., additional, Di Monaco, A., additional, Nerla, R., additional, Tarzia, P., additional, Lamendola, P., additional, Sestito, A., additional, Lanza, G. A., additional, Crea, F., additional, Giannini, F., additional, Pinamonti, B., additional, Santangelo, S., additional, Perkan, A., additional, Vitrella, G., additional, Rakar, S., additional, Merlo, M., additional, Della Grazia, E., additional, Salvi, A., additional, Sinagra, G., additional, Scislo, P., additional, Kochanowski, J., additional, Piatkowski, R., additional, Roik, M., additional, Postula, M., additional, Opolski, G., additional, Castillo, J., additional, Herszkowicz, N., additional, Ferreira, C., additional, Lonnebakken, M. T., additional, Staal, E. M., additional, Nordrehaug, J. E., additional, Gerdts, E., additional, Przewlocka-Kosmala, M., additional, Orda, A., additional, Karolko, B., additional, Bajraktari, G., additional, Gustafsson, U., additional, Holmgren, A., additional, Frattini, S., additional, Faggiano, P., additional, Zilioli, V., additional, Locantore, E., additional, Longhi, S., additional, Bellandi, F., additional, Faden, G., additional, Triggiani, M., additional, Dei Cas, L., additional, Seo, S. M., additional, Jung, H. O., additional, An, S. H., additional, Jung, S. Y., additional, Park, C. S., additional, Jeon, H. K., additional, Youn, H. J., additional, Chung, W. B., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Uhm, J. S., additional, Mampuya, W., additional, Brochu, M. C., additional, Do, D. H., additional, Essadiqi, B., additional, Farand, P., additional, Lepage, S., additional, Daly, M. J., additional, Monaghan, M., additional, Hamilton, A., additional, Lockhart, C., additional, Kodoth, V., additional, Maguire, C., additional, Morton, A., additional, Manoharan, G., additional, Spence, M. S., additional, Streb, W., additional, Mitrega, K., additional, Nowak, J., additional, Duszanska, A., additional, Szulik, M., additional, Kalinowski, M., additional, Kukulski, T., additional, Kalarus, Z., additional, Calvo Iglesias, F. E., additional, Solla-Ruiz, I., additional, Villanueva-Benito, I., additional, Paredes-Galan, E., additional, Bravo-Amaro, M., additional, Iniguez-Romo, A., additional, Yildirimturk, O., additional, Helvacioglu, F. F., additional, Tayyareci, Y., additional, Yurdakul, S., additional, Demiroglu, I. C., additional, Aytekin, S., additional, Enache, R., additional, Piazza, R., additional, Muraru, D., additional, Roman-Pognuz, A., additional, Calin, A., additional, Leiballi, E., additional, Antonini-Canterin, F., additional, Nicolosi, G. L., additional, Ridard, C., additional, Bellouin, A., additional, Thebault, C., additional, Laurent, M., additional, Donal, E., additional, Sutandar, A., additional, Siswanto, B. B., additional, Irmalita, I., additional, Harimurti, G., additional, Saxena, A., additional, Ramakrishnan, S., additional, Roy, A., additional, Krishnan, A., additional, Misra, P., additional, Bhargava, B., additional, Poole-Wilson, P. A., additional, Loegstrup, B. B., additional, Andersen, H. R., additional, Poulsen, S. H., additional, Klaaborg, K. E., additional, Egeblad, H. E., additional, Gu, X., additional, Gu, X. Y., additional, He, Y. H., additional, Li, Z. A., additional, Han, J. C., additional, Chen, J., additional, Mansencal, N., additional, Mitry, E., additional, Rougier, P., additional, Dubourg, O., additional, Villarraga, H., additional, Adjei-Twum, K., additional, Cudjoe, T. K. M., additional, Clavell, A., additional, Schears, R. M., additional, Cabrera Bueno, F., additional, Molina Mora, M. J., additional, Fernandez Pastor, J., additional, Linde Estrella, A., additional, Pena Hernandez, J. L., additional, Isasti Aizpurua, G., additional, Carrasco Chinchilla, F., additional, Barrera Cordero, A., additional, Alzueta Rodriguez, F. J., additional, De Teresa Galvan, E., additional, Gaetano Contegiacomo, G. C., additional, Francesco Pollice, F. P., additional, Paolo Pollice, P. P., additional, Kontos, M. C., additional, Shin, D. H., additional, Yoo, S. Y., additional, Lee, C. K., additional, Jang, J. K., additional, Jung, S. I., additional, Song, S. I., additional, Seo, S. I., additional, Cheong, S. S., additional, Peteiro, J., additional, Perez-Perez, A., additional, Bouzas-Mosquera, A., additional, Pineiro, M., additional, Pazos, P., additional, Campo, R., additional, Castro-Beiras, A., additional, Gaibazzi, N., additional, Rigo, F., additional, Sartorio, D., additional, Reverberi, C., additional, Sitia, S., additional, Tomasoni, L., additional, Gianturco, L., additional, Ghio, L., additional, Stella, D., additional, Greco, P., additional, De Gennaro Colonna, V., additional, Turiel, M., additional, Cicala, S., additional, Magagnin, V., additional, Caiani, E., additional, Kyrzopoulos, S., additional, Tsiapras, D., additional, Domproglou, G., additional, Avramidou, E., additional, Voudris, V., additional, Wierzbowska-Drabik, K., additional, Lipiec, P., additional, Chrzanowski, L., additional, Roszczyk, N., additional, Kupczynska, K., additional, Kasprzak, J. D., additional, Sachpekidis, V., additional, Bhan, A., additional, Gianstefani, S., additional, Reiken, J., additional, Paul, M., additional, Pearson, P., additional, Harries, D., additional, Monaghan, M. J., additional, Dale, K., additional, Stoylen, A., additional, Kodali, V., additional, Toole, R., additional, Raju, P., additional, Mcintosh, R. A., additional, Silberbauer, J., additional, Baumann, O., additional, Patel, N. R., additional, Sulke, N., additional, Trivedi, U., additional, Hyde, J., additional, Venn, G., additional, Lloyd, G., additional, Wejner-Mik, P., additional, Wierzbowska, K., additional, Lowenstein, J. A., additional, Caniggia, C., additional, Garcia, A., additional, Amor, M., additional, Casso, N., additional, Lowenstein Haber, D., additional, Porley, C., additional, Zambrana, G., additional, Daru, V., additional, Deljanin Ilic, M., additional, Ilic, S., additional, Kalimanovska Ostric, D., additional, Stoickov, V., additional, Zdravkovic, M., additional, Paraskevaidis, I., additional, Ikonomidis, I., additional, Parissis, J., additional, Papadopoulos, C., additional, Stasinos, V., additional, Bistola, V., additional, Anastasiou-Nana, M., additional, Gudin Uriel, M., additional, Balaguer Malfagon, J. R., additional, Perez Bosca, J. L., additional, Ridocci Soriano, F., additional, Martinez Alzamora, N., additional, Paya Serrano, R., additional, Ciampi, Q., additional, Pratali, L., additional, Della Porta, M., additional, Petruzziello, B., additional, Villari, B., additional, Picano, E., additional, Sicari, R., additional, Rosner, A., additional, Avenarius, D., additional, Malm, S., additional, Iqbal, A., additional, Baltabaeva, A., additional, Sutherland, G. R., additional, Bijnens, B., additional, Myrmel, T., additional, Andersen, M., additional, Gustafsson, F., additional, Secher, N. H., additional, Brassard, P., additional, Jensen, A. S., additional, Hassager, C., additional, Madsen, P. L., additional, Moller, J. E., additional, Coutu, M., additional, Greentree, D., additional, Normandin, D., additional, Brun, H., additional, Dipchand, A., additional, Koopman, L., additional, Fackoury, C. T., additional, Truong, S., additional, Manlhiot, C., additional, Mertens, L., additional, Baroni, M., additional, Mariani, M., additional, Chabane, H. K., additional, Berti, S., additional, Ripoli, A., additional, Storti, S., additional, Glauber, M., additional, Scopelliti, P. A., additional, Antongiovanni, G. B., additional, Personeni, D., additional, Saino, A., additional, Tespili, M., additional, Jung, P., additional, Mueller, M., additional, Jander, F., additional, Sohn, H. Y., additional, Rieber, J., additional, Schneider, P., additional, Klauss, V., additional, Agricola, E., additional, Slavich, M., additional, Stella, S., additional, Ancona, M., additional, Oppizzi, M., additional, Bertoglio, L., additional, Melissano, G., additional, Margonato, A., additional, Chiesa, R., additional, Cejudo Diaz Del Campo, L., additional, Mesa Rubio, D., additional, Ruiz Ortiz, M., additional, Delgado Ortega, M., additional, Villanueva Fernandez, E., additional, Lopez Aguilera, J., additional, Toledano Delgado, F., additional, Pan Alvarez-Ossorio, M., additional, Suarez De Lezo Cruz Conde, J., additional, Lafuente, M., additional, Butz, T., additional, Meissner, A., additional, Lang, C. N., additional, Prull, M. W., additional, Plehn, G., additional, Trappe, H. J., additional, Nair, S. V., additional, Lee, L., additional, Mcleod, I., additional, Whyte, G., additional, Shrimpton, J., additional, Hildick Smith, D., additional, James, P. R., additional, Slikkerveer, J., additional, Appelman, Y. E. A., additional, Veen, G., additional, Porter, T. R., additional, Kamp, O., additional, Colonna, P., additional, Ten Cate, F. J., additional, Bokor, D., additional, Daponte, A., additional, Cocciolo, M., additional, Bona, M., additional, Sacchi, S., additional, Becher, H., additional, Chai, S. C., additional, Tan, P. J., additional, Goh, Y. S., additional, Ong, S. H., additional, Chow, J., additional, Lee, L. L., additional, Goh, P. P., additional, Tong, K. L., additional, Kakihara, R., additional, Naruse, C., additional, Hironaka, H., additional, Tsuzuku, T., additional, Ozawa, K., additional, Tomaszuk-Kazberuk, A., additional, Sobkowicz, B., additional, Malyszko, J., additional, Malyszko, J. S., additional, Sawicki, R., additional, Hirnle, T., additional, Dobrzycki, S., additional, Mysliwiec, M., additional, Musial, W. J., additional, Mathias, W., additional, Kowatsch, I., additional, Saroute, A. L. R., additional, Osorio, A. F. F., additional, Sbano, J. C. N., additional, Ramires, J. A. F., additional, Tsutsui, J. M., additional, Sakata, K., additional, Ito, H., additional, Ishii, K., additional, Sakuma, T., additional, Iwakura, K., additional, Yoshino, H., additional, Yoshikawa, J., additional, Shahgaldi, K., additional, Lopez, A., additional, Fernstrom, B., additional, Sahlen, A., additional, Winter, R., additional, Kovalova, S., additional, Necas, J., additional, Amundsen, B. H., additional, Jasaityte, R., additional, Kiss, G., additional, Barbosa, D., additional, D'hooge, J., additional, Torp, H., additional, Szmigielski, C. A., additional, Newton, J. D., additional, Rajpoot, K., additional, Noble, J. A., additional, Kerber, R., additional, Koopman, L. P., additional, Slorach, C., additional, Chahal, N., additional, Hui, W., additional, Sarkola, T., additional, Bradley, T. J., additional, Jaeggi, E. T., additional, Mccrindle, B. W., additional, Staron, A., additional, Jasinski, M., additional, Wos, S., additional, Sengupta, P., additional, Hayat, D., additional, Kloeckner, M., additional, Nahum, J., additional, Dussault, C., additional, Dubois Rande, J. L., additional, Gueret, P., additional, Lim, P., additional, King, G. J., additional, Brown, A., additional, Ho, E., additional, Amuntaser, I., additional, Bennet, K., additional, Mc Elhome, N., additional, Murphy, R. T., additional, Cooper, R. M., additional, Somauroo, J. D., additional, Shave, R. E., additional, Williams, K. L., additional, Forster, J., additional, George, C., additional, Bett, T., additional, George, K. P., additional, D'andrea, A., additional, Riegler, L., additional, Cocchia, R., additional, Golia, E., additional, Gravino, R., additional, Salerno, G., additional, Citro, R., additional, Caso, P. I. O., additional, Bossone, E., additional, Calabro', R., additional, Crispi, F., additional, Figueras, F., additional, Bartrons, J., additional, Eixarch, E., additional, Le Noble, F., additional, Ahmed, A., additional, Gratacos, E., additional, Shang, Q., additional, Yip, W. K., additional, Tam, L. S., additional, Zhang, Q., additional, Li, C. M., additional, Wang, T., additional, Ma, C. Y., additional, Li, K. M., additional, Yu, C. M., additional, Dahlslett, T., additional, Helland, I., additional, Edvardsen, T., additional, Skulstad, H., additional, Magda, L. S., additional, Florescu, M., additional, Ciobanu, A., additional, Dulgheru, R., additional, Mincu, R., additional, Vinereanu, D., additional, Luckie, M., additional, Chacko, S., additional, Nair, S., additional, Mamas, M., additional, Khattar, R. S., additional, El-Omar, M., additional, Kuch-Wocial, A., additional, Pruszczyk, P., additional, Szulc, M., additional, Styczynski, G., additional, Sinski, M., additional, Kaczynska, A., additional, Vela, Z., additional, Haliti, E., additional, Hyseni, V., additional, Olloni, R., additional, Rexhepaj, N., additional, Elezi, S., additional, Onaindia, J. J., additional, Quintana, O., additional, Cacicedo, A., additional, Velasco, S., additional, Alarcon, J. J., additional, Morillas, M., additional, Rumoroso, J. R., additional, Zumalde, J., additional, Lekuona, I., additional, Laraudogoitia Zaldumbide, E., additional, Poniku, A., additional, Ahmeti, A., additional, Duncan, R. F., additional, Mccomb, J. M., additional, Pemberton, J., additional, Lord, S. W., additional, Leong, D., additional, Plummer, C., additional, Macgowan, G., additional, Grubb, N., additional, Leung, M., additional, Kenny, A., additional, Prinz, C., additional, Voigt, J. U., additional, Zaidi, A., additional, Heatley, M., additional, Abildstrom, S. Z., additional, Hvelplund, A., additional, Berning, J., additional, Govind, S., additional, Brodin, L., additional, Gopal, A., additional, Castaldi, B., additional, Di Salvo, G., additional, Santoro, G., additional, Gaio, G., additional, Palladino, M. T., additional, Iacono, C., additional, Pacileo, G., additional, Russo, M. G., additional, Calabro, R., additional, Wang, Y. S., additional, Dong, L. L., additional, Shu, X. H., additional, Pan, C. Z., additional, Zhou, D. X., additional, Sen, T., additional, Tufekcioglu, O., additional, Ozdemir, M., additional, Tuncez, A., additional, Uygur, B., additional, Golbasi, Z., additional, Kisacik, H., additional, Delfino, L., additional, De Leo, F. D., additional, Chiappa, L. C., additional, Abdel Ghani, B., additional, Schiavina, R., additional, Salvade, P., additional, Morganti, A., additional, Bedogni, F., additional, Mahia, P., additional, Gutierrez, L., additional, Pineda, V., additional, Garcia, B., additional, Otaegui, I., additional, Rodriguez, J. F., additional, Gonzalez, M. T., additional, Descalzo, M., additional, Evangelista, A., additional, Garcia-Dorado, D., additional, Bruin De- Bon, H. A. C. M., additional, Van Den Brink, R. B. A., additional, Surie, S., additional, Bresser, P., additional, Vleugels, J., additional, Eckmann, H. M., additional, Samson, D. A., additional, Bouma, B. J., additional, Dedobbeleer, C., additional, Antoine, M., additional, Remmelink, M., additional, Unger, P., additional, Roosens, B., additional, Hmila, I., additional, Hernot, S., additional, Droogmans, S., additional, Van Camp, G., additional, Lahoutte, T., additional, Muyldermans, S., additional, Cosyns, B., additional, Feltes, G., additional, Serra, V., additional, Azevedo, O., additional, Barbado, J., additional, Herrera, J., additional, Rivera, A., additional, Paniagua, J., additional, Valverde, V., additional, Torras, J., additional, Arriba, G., additional, Christodoulides, T., additional, Ioannides, M., additional, Simamonian, K., additional, Yiangou, K., additional, Myrianthefs, M., additional, Nicolaides, E., additional, Pandolfo, M., additional, Kleijn, S. A., additional, Aly, M. F. A. A., additional, Terwee, C. B., additional, Van Rossum, A. C., additional, Delgado, V., additional, Shanks, M., additional, Siebelink, H. M., additional, Sieders, A., additional, Lamb, H., additional, Ajmone Marsan, N., additional, Westenberg, J., additional, De Roos, A., additional, Schuijf, J. D., additional, Bax, J. J., additional, Anwar, A. M., additional, Nosir, Y., additional, Chamsi-Pasha, H., additional, Tschernich, H. D., additional, Seeburger, J., additional, Borger, M., additional, Mukherjee, C., additional, Mohr, F. W., additional, Ender, J., additional, Obase, K., additional, Okura, H., additional, Yamada, R., additional, Miyamoto, Y., additional, Saito, K., additional, Imai, K., additional, Hayashida, A., additional, and Yoshida, K., additional

Published
2010
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174. Short communication: A new minicurd model system for hard cooked cheeses.

Author

Vélez, M. A., Perotti, M. C., Rebechi, S. R., and Hynes, E. R.

Subjects
*CURD (Dairy product), *CHEESE, *CHEESE industry, *FREEZING, *CHEESEMAKING
Abstract

The aim of this study was to propose and validate a new minicurd model of young hard cheese. Curd particles and whey obtained from conventional cheese making of Reggianito Argentino were separated and frozen. Then, both fractions were thawed and the mixture of whey and curds was reconstituted, from which minicurds were made on the laboratory scale. Repeatability and the effect of freezing on minicurd composition were investigated by assessing pH, protein and moisture contents, sodium chloride content, and total thermophilic lactic flora counts. Good repeatability was achieved, and no significant differences were found between minicurds made from fresh compared with frozen materials. Composition of the minicurd was appropriate for modeling Reggianito Argentino cheese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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175. Variation in body size and degree of melanism within a lizards clade: is it driven by latitudinal and climatic gradients?

Author

Moreno Azócar, D. L., Perotti, M. G., Bonino, M. F., Schulte, J. A., Abdala, C. S., and Cruz, F. B.

Subjects
*REPTILE size, *LIZARD physiology, *MELANISM, *BERGMANN'S rule, *COLD-blooded animals
Abstract

Body size ( BS) varies in response to several selective pressures. In ectotherms, thermal inertia may affect thermoregulation, since larger BSs increase heat conservation as Bergmann originally stipulated for endotherms. However, Bergmann's rule is controversial in ectotherms. The heat balance hypothesis states that ectotherms' thermoregulatory capability is relevant for trends in BS. In cold climates, larger BSs would be advantageous for small thermoregulating ectotherms, by increasing heat conservation. However, BS implies a delaying effect on heating too; therefore, ectotherms may need another trait to compensate the later effect. Thermal melanism hypothesis posits that melanism increases heat gain, and may be adaptive for animals inhabiting cold climates. We propose that the higher solar radiation absorption from increased melanism may be such a compensatory trait. We expect BS and melanism to increase with latitude in response to seasonal temperatures and solar radiation. To test this, we studied the monophyletic L iolaemus goetschi group of lizard species across its 2200 km (32-48° S latitude) range. We used phylogenetically informed analyses to study geographic variation of BS and melanism (dorsal, ventral and total) in relation to temperatures, thermal amplitude, cloudiness and net solar radiation. Our results show that lizards' BS increases latitudinally in relation to thermal amplitude and temperature. Only ventral melanism varied latitudinally, but all melanism variables varied in response to cloudiness and net radiation. The relationship between BS and melanism was significant and positive in all cases. We suggest thermal inertia may be a fair candidate mechanism explaining geographic variation in BS (heat balance hypothesis), while melanism may influence heat gain according to the thermal melanism hypothesis. However, it remains unclear why latitudinal variation is related to ventral instead of dorsal melanism, and further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship between BS and melanism in light of cold climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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188. Detection and Identification of Species-Specific Bacteria Associated with Synanthropic Mites.

Author

Hubert, Jan, Kopecký, Jan, Perotti, M., Nesvorná, Marta, Braig, Henk, Ságová-Marečková, Markéta, Macovei, Lilia, and Zurek, Ludek

Subjects
DERMATOPHAGOIDES, TYROPHAGUS putrescentia, RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms, POLYMERASE chain reaction, IN situ hybridization, MOLECULAR cloning, BARTONELLACEAE
Abstract

Internal bacterial communities of synanthropic mites Acarus siro, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Astigmata) were analyzed by culturing and culture-independent approaches from specimens obtained from laboratory colonies. Homogenates of surface-sterilized mites were used for cultivation on non-selective agar and DNA extraction. Isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (T-RFLP) and cloning sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using universal bacterial probes was used for direct bacterial localization. T-RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed distinct species-specific bacterial communities. The results were further confirmed by cloning and sequencing (284 clones). L. destructor and D. farinae showed more diverse communities then A. siro and T. putrescentiae. In the cultivated part of the community, the mean CFUs from four mite species ranged from 5.2 × 10 to 1.4 × 10 per mite. D. farinae had significantly higher CFUs than the other species. Bacteria were located in the digestive and reproductive tract, parenchymatical tissue, and in bacteriocytes. Among the clones, Bartonella-like bacteria occurring in A. siro and T. putresecentiae represented a distinct group related to Bartonellaceae and to Bartonella-like symbionts of ants. The clones of high similarity to Xenorhabdus cabanillasii were found in L. destructor and D. farinae, and one clone related to Photorhabdus temperata in A. siro. Members of Sphingobacteriales cloned from D. farinae and A. siro clustered with the sequences of ' Candidatus Cardinium hertigii' and as a separate novel cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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189. Genome sequences of the human body louse and its primary endosymbiont provide insights into the permanent parasitic lifestyle.

Author

Kirkness, Ewen F., Haas, Brian J., Weilin Sun, Braig, Henk R., Perotti, M. Alejandra, Clark, John M., Si Hyeock Lee, Robertson, Hugh M., Kennedy, Ryan C., Elhaik, Eran, Gerlach, Daniel, Kriventseva, Evgenia V., Elsik, Christine G., Graur, Dan, Hill, Catherine A., Veenstra, Jan A., Walenz, Brian, Tub&#00ED;o, Jos&#00E9; Manuel C., Ribeiro, Jos&#00E9; M. C., and Rozas, Julio

Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequence, LICE, ENDOSYMBIOSIS, DISEASE vectors, PARASITES, PLASMIDS
Abstract

As an obligatory parasite of humans, the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is an important vector for human diseases, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. Here, we present genome sequences of the body louse and its primary bacterial endosymbiont Candidatus Riesia pediculicola. The body louse has the smallest known insect genome, spanning 108 Mb. Despite its status as an obligate parasite, it retains a remarkably complete basal insect repertoire of 10,773 protein-coding genes and 57 microRNAs. Representing hemimetabolous insects, the genome of the body louse thus provides a reference for studies of holometabolous insects. Compared with other insect genomes, the body louse genome contains significantly fewer genes associated with environmental sensing and response, including odorant and gustatory receptors and detoxifying enzymes. The unique architecture of the 18 minicircular mitochondrial chromosomes of the body louse may be linked to the loss of the gene encoding the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein. The genome of the obligatory louse endosymbiont Candidatus Riesia pediculicola encodes less than 600 genes on a short, linear chromosome and a circular plasmid. The plasmid harbors a unique arrangement of genes required for the synthesis of pantothenate, an essential vitamin deficient in the louse diet. The human body louse, its primary endosymbiont, and the bacterial pathogens that it vectors all possess genomes reduced in size compared with their free-living close relatives. Thus, the body louse genome project offers unique information and tools to use in advancing understanding of coevolution among vectors, symbionts, and pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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190. Phoretic mites associated with animal and human decomposition.

Author

Perotti, M. Alejandra and Braig, Henk R.

Subjects
MITES, HUMAN decomposition, BIODEGRADATION of animal carcasses, CARRION insects, PARASITIDAE
Abstract

Phoretic mites are likely the most abundant arthropods found on carcases and corpses. They outnumber their scavenger carriers in both number and diversity. Many phoretic mites travel on scavenger insects and are highly specific; they will arrive on a particular species of host and no other. Because of this, they may be useful as trace indicators of their carriers even when their carriers are absent. Phoretic mites can be valuable markers of time. They are usually found in a specialised transitional transport or dispersal stage, often moulting and transforming to adults shortly after arrival on a carcase or corpse. Many are characterised by faster development and generation cycles than their carriers. Humans are normally unaware, but we too carry mites; they are skin mites that are present in our clothes. More than 212 phoretic mite species associated with carcases have been reported in the literature. Among these, mites belonging to the Mesostigmata form the dominant group, represented by 127 species with 25 phoretic mite species belonging to the family Parasitidae and 48 to the Macrochelidae. Most of these mesostigmatids are associated with particular species of flies or carrion beetles, though some are associated with small mammals arriving during the early stages of decomposition. During dry decay, members of the Astigmata are more frequently found; 52 species are phoretic on scavengers, and the majority of these travel on late-arriving scavengers such as hide beetles, skin beetles and moths. Several species of carrion beetles can visit a corpse simultaneously, and each may carry 1-10 species of phoretic mites. An informative diversity of phoretic mites may be found on a decaying carcass at any given time. The composition of the phoretic mite assemblage on a carcass might provide valuable information about the conditions of and time elapsed since death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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191. Carcases and mites.

Author

Braig, Henk R. and Perotti, M. Alejandra

Subjects
MITES, HUMAN decomposition, BIODEGRADATION of animal carcasses, FORENSIC entomology, ACARIFORMES, INSECTS
Abstract

Mites are involved in the decomposition of animal carcases and human corpses at every stage. From initial decay at the fresh stage until dry decomposition at the skeletal stage, a huge diversity of Acari, including members of the Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmata, Endeostigmata, Oribatida and Ixodida, are an integral part of the constantly changing food webs on, in and beneath the carrion. During the desiccation stage in wave 6 of Mégnin's system, mites can become the dominant fauna on the decomposing body. Under conditions unfavourable for the colonisation of insects, such as concealment, low temperature or mummification, mites might become the most important or even the only arthropods on a dead body. Some mite species will be represented by a few specimens, whereas others might build up in numbers to several million individuals. Astigmata are most prominent in numbers and Mesostigmata in diversity. More than 100 mite species and over 60 mite families were collected from animal carcases, and around 75 species and over 20 families from human corpses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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192. Mégnin re-analysed: the case of the newborn baby girl, Paris, 1878.

Author

Perotti, M. Alejandra

Subjects
HUMAN decomposition, FORENSIC entomology, TYROPHAGUS, ACAROLOGY
Abstract

This paper analyses acarological evidence from a 130-year-old forensic investigation. It was the first case in forensic acarology, i.e., the first case where mites provided substantial information to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). In 1878, the mites found in the mummified body of a newborn baby girl in Paris, France, were studied by acarologist and forensic entomologist Jean Pierre Mégnin. Mégnin estimated around 2.4 million mites in the skull and identified them as Tyroglyphus longior (Gervais), a junior synonym of Tyrophagus longior. He suggested that the arrival of these mites at the corpse would have occurred by phoresy on carrier insects, roughly 5 months before the autopsy. There is no doubt about the identification of the mites, Mégnin was a highly respected acarologist. However, two main factors affecting the biology of Tyrophagus mites were not included in the original analysis. First, Mégnin stated that the mites were phoretic. However, he probably did not have access to information about the natural history of the species, because as a rule Tyrophagus mites are non-phoretic. Considering the omnipresence of Tyrophagus mites in soil, most likely the mites will have arrived almost immediately after death. Second, temperature was not taken into account during the estimations of the mite population growth rate. The new analysis is based on current knowledge of Tyrophagus biology and includes temperature, estimated following a handful of weather reports of the years 1877 and 1878. The new projections indicate that nonphoretic mites may have colonised the body just after death and the colony would have built up over 8 months, contrary to the 5 months proposed by Mégnin. This new lapse of time agrees with the PMI proposed by Brouardel: on 15 January 1878 he postulated the death of the newborn to have occurred some 8 months before the autopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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193. Forensic acarology: an introduction.

Author

Perotti, M. Alejandra, Goff, M. Lee, Baker, Anne S., Turner, Bryan D., and Braig, Henk R.

Subjects
FORENSIC entomology, MITES, ACAROLOGY, CRIMINAL investigation, FORENSIC anthropology
Abstract

Mites can be found in all imaginable terrestrial habitats, in freshwater, and in salt water. Mites can be found in our houses and furnishings, on our clothes, and even in the pores of our skin—almost every single person carries mites. Most of the time, we are unaware of them because they are small and easily overlooked, and—most of the time—they do not cause trouble. In fact, they may even proof useful, for instance in forensics. The first arthropod scavengers colonising a dead body will be flies with phoretic mites. The flies will complete their life cycle in and around the corpse, while the mites may feed on the immature stages of the flies. The mites will reproduce much faster than their carriers, offering themselves as valuable timeline markers. There are environments where insects are absent or rare or the environmental conditions impede their access to the corpse. Here, mites that are already present and mites that arrive walking, through air currents or material transfer become important. At the end of the ninetieth century, the work of Jean Pierre Mégnin became the starting point of forensic acarology. Mégnin documented his observations in 'La Faune des Cadavres' [The Fauna of Carcasses]. He was the first to list eight distinct waves of arthropods colonising human carcasses. The first wave included flies and mites, the sixth wave was composed of mites exclusively. The scope of forensic acarology goes further than mites as indicators of time of death. Mites are micro-habitat specific and might provide evidential data on movement or relocation of bodies, or locating a suspect at the scene of a crime. Because of their high diversity, wide occurrence, and abundance, mites may be of great value in the analysis of trace evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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195. ORIGINAL RESEARCH Substitution of natural whey starter by mixed strains of Lactobacillus helveticus in the production of Reggianito Argentino cheese.

Author

Perotti, M. C., Bernal, S. M., Meinardi, C. A., Candioti, M. C., and Zalazar, C. A.

Subjects
*CHEESEMAKING, *LACTOBACILLUS, *WHEY, *CHEESE microbiology, *LACTIC acid bacteria, *ELECTROPHORESIS
Abstract

Reggianito Argentino cheeses were manufactured with mixed strains of Lactobacillus helveticus cultured in free viable bacteria whey. As controls, cheeses with natural whey starter were made. Gross composition of cheeses did not differ significantly. The number of total termophilic lactic acid bacteria at the end of ripening was near 107 CFU/g, but when the strain Lh 209 was present in the mixture, this number was 106 CFU/g. Soluble nitrogen at pH 4.6 did not differ between control and experimental cheeses, but soluble nitrogen in tricloroacetic acid 12% and phosphotungstic acid 2.5% showed significant differences at the end of ripening, being higher the values when the strain Lh 209 was present in the mixture. Electrophoretic profiles for control and experimental cheeses were very similar at 0, 90 and 180 days of ripening. An increase in the acid degree value of fat during ripening was noticeable indicating a lipolytic activity in the cheese matrix that was similar for the different strains mixtures. Results from sensory analysis did not show differences among the cheeses of these tests. Despite some differences in the production tricloroacetic and phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen were observed for mixtures in which Lh 209 was present, all cheeses were good quality Reggianito Argentino cheeses. These results open and interesting prospective for the use of selected strains culture in whey in substitution of natural whey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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196. The sex ratio distortion in the human head louse is conserved over time.

Author

Perotti, M. Alejandra, Catalá, Silvia S., Ormeño, Analía Del V., Żelazowska, Monika, Biliński, Szczepan M., and Braig, Henk R.

Subjects
*SEX ratio, *LICE, *PEDICULUS
Abstract

Background: At the turn of the 19th century the first observations of a female-biased sex ratio in broods and populations of the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, had been reported. A study by Buxton in 1940 on the sex ratio of lice on prisoners in Ceylon is still today the subject of reanalyses. This sex ratio distortion had been detected in ten different countries. In the last sixty years no new data have been collected, especially on scalp infestations under economically and socially more developed conditions. Results: Here we report a female bias of head lice in a survey of 480 school children in Argentina. This bias is independent of the intensity of the pediculosis, which makes local mate competition highly unlikely as the source of the aberrant sex ratio; however, other possible adaptive mechanisms cannot be discounted. These lice as well as lice from pupils in Britain were carrying several strains of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis, one of the most wide spread intracellular sex ratio distorters. Similar Wolbachia strains are also present in the pig louse, Haematopinus suis, suggesting that this endosymbiont might have a marked influence on the biology of the whole order. The presence of a related obligate nutritional bacterium in lice prevents the investigation of a causal link between sex ratio and endosymbionts. Conclusions: Regardless of its origin, this sex ratio distortion in head lice that has been reported world wide, is stable over time and is a remarkable deviation from the stability of frequencydependent selection of Fisher's sex ratio. A female bias first reported in 1898 is still present over a hundred years and a thousand generations later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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197. Genomic and metagenomic analyses of the domestic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae identify it as a widespread environmental contaminant and a host of a basal, mite-specific Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q).

Author

Klimov, Pavel B., Hubert, Jan, Erban, Tomas, Alejandra Perotti, M., Braig, Henk R., Flynt, Alex, He, Qixin, and Cui, Yubao

Subjects
*FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization, *FUNGAL genes, *GRAM-negative bacteria, *FOOD storage, *WOLBACHIA
Abstract

[Display omitted] • Tyrophagus putrescentiae (mould mite) is ubiquitous; its DNA contaminates sequences of other organisms in public databases. • Symbiotic bacteria are diverse, and aid the mite's success as a trophic generalist. • Tyrophagus putrescentiae is host to a Gram-negative bacterium, Wolbachia (supergroup Q) • Wolbachia supergroup Q is a basal, mite-specific lineage. • No horizontal gene transfer events from bacteria or fungi were found. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (mould mite) is a global, microscopic trophic generalist that commonly occurs in various human-created habitats, causing allergies and damaging stored food. Its ubiquity and extraordinary ability to penetrate research samples or cultures through air currents or by active walking through tights spaces (such as treads of screw caps) may lead to sample contamination and introduction of its DNA to research materials in the laboratory. This prompts a thorough investigation into potential sequence contamination in public genomic databases. The trophic success of T. putrescentiae is primarily attributed to the symbiotic bacteria housed in specialized internal mite structures, facilitating adaptation to varied nutritional niches. However, recent work suggests that horizontal transfer of bacterial/fungal genes related to nutritional functionality may also contribute to the mite's trophic versatility. This aspect requires independent confirmation. Additionally, T. putrescentiae harbors an uncharacterized and genetically divergent bacterium, Wolbachia , displaying blocking and microbiome-modifying effects. The phylogenomic position and supergroup assignment of this bacterium are unknown. Here, we sequenced and assembled the T. putrescentiae genome, analyzed its microbiome, and performed detailed phylogenomic analyses of the mite-specific Wolbachia. We show that T. putrescentiae DNA is a substantial source of contamination of research samples. Its DNA may inadvertently be co-extracted with the DNA of the target organism, eventually leading to sequence contamination in public databases. We identified a diversity of bacterial species associated with T. putrescentiae , including those capable of rapidly developing antibiotic resistance, such as Escherichia coli. Despite the presence of diverse bacterial communities in T. putrescentiae , we did not detect any recent horizontal gene transfers in this mite species and/or in astigmatid (domestic) mites in general. Our phylogenomic analysis of Wolbachia recovered a basal, mite-specific lineage (supergroup Q) represented by two Wolbachia spp. from the mould mite and a gall-inducing plant mite. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of Wolbachia inside the mould mite. The discovery of an early derivative Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q) in two phylogenetically unrelated and ecologically dissimilar mites suggests that this endosymbiotic bacterial lineage formed a long-term association with mites. This finding provides a unique insight into the early evolution and host associations of Wolbachia. Further discoveries of Wolbachia diversity in acariform mites are anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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200. Co-haplotyping symbiont and host to unravel invasion pathways of the exotic pest Halyomorpha halys in Italy.

Author

Martinez-Sañudo, Isabel, Perotti, M. Alejandra, Scaccini, Davide, Pozzebon, Alberto, Marri, Laura, and Mazzon, Luca

Subjects
*BROWN marmorated stink bug, *INTRODUCED species, *CANDIDATUS, *HAPLOTYPES, *GENETIC markers, *INSECT-bacteria relationships, *INSECT genetics, *BACTERIAL genetics
Abstract

The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is a globally invasive species that harbours the primary bacterial symbiont 'Candidatus Pantoea carbekii'. In this work, P. carbekii was used as another genetic marker to investigate the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns of this important pest, in native and newly invaded areas, especially in Italy. The correlation between the genetic structure of the symbiont and that of its host was studied through the analyses of one bacterial and one host marker, the putative pseudogene ΔybgF and the mitochondrial gene COI, respectively. As a result, five new P. carbekii haplotypes were identified, and an association pattern between host-symbiont haplotypes was observed. Host species showed higher haplotype diversity than symbiont, which can be expected in a long term host-symbiont association. Populations from the north-eastern Italy showed the highest values of genetic diversity for both markers, highlighting that this particular Italian area could be the result of multiple ongoing introductions. Moreover, some of the symbiont-host haplotypes observed were shared only by populations from north-eastern Italy and native areas, especially Japan, suggesting further introductions from this native country to Italy. Overall, our findings improve the understanding of the potential origin of multiple accidental introductions of H. halys in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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