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The use of mobile applications is now so common that users now expect companies whose services which they consume already have an application to provide these services or a mobile version of your site, but this is not always simple to do or cheap. Thus, the hybrid development has emerged as a potential alternative to this need. The evolution of this new paradigm has taken the attention of researchers and companies as viable alternative to the mobile development. This paper shows how hybrid development can be an alternative for companies provide their services with a low investment and still offer a great service to their clients., 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables in International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015

The Cloud Computing means change, a task that is not always easy from the point of view of businesses, even when this has numerous benefits (high scalability, cost reduction, on demand service, and other). However, companies can benefit with the migration of their applications to the cloud. With this, companies may have reduced costs, greater reliability in its business processes, helping in his growth. In our current reality, small and medium enterprises still afraid to perform this process. They fear the unknown. The focus of this work is to show that even small and medium-sized companies may have competitive advantages to migrate their applications to the cloud.

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) is an enzyme that produces cyclodextrins from starch via an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. An alkalophilic Bacillus strain, isolated from cassava peels, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. CGTase production by this strain was better when potato starch was used as carbon source, followed by cassava starch and amylopectin. Glucose and amylose, on the other hand, acted as synthesis repressors. When the cultivation was supplemented with sodium ions and had the pH adjusted between 6.0 and 9.0, the microorganism maintained the growth and enzyme production capacity. This data is interesting because it contradicts the concept that alkalophilic microorganisms do not grow in this pH range. After ultrafiltration-centrifugation, one protein of 85.2 kDa with CGTase activity was isolated. This protein was identified in plates with starch and phenolphthalein. Determination of the optimum temperature showed higher activities at 25ºC and 55ºC, indicating the possible presence of more than one CGTase in the culture filtrate. Km and Vmax values were 1.77 mg/mL and 0.0263 U/mg protein, respectively, using potato starch as substrate.Ciclodextrina glicosiltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) é uma enzima que produz ciclodextrinas a partir de amido via transglicosilação intramolecular. Uma cepa de Bacillus alcalofílico, isolada de cascas de mandioca, foi identificada como Bacillus licheniformis. A produção de CGTase por esta cepa foi melhor quando amido de batata foi utilizado como fonte de carbono, seguido por amido de mandioca e amilopectina. Glicose e amilose, por outro lado, atuaram como repressor de síntese desta enzima. Quando o cultivo foi suplementado com íons sódio e teve o pH ajustado entre 6,0 e 9,0, o microrganismo manteve a capacidade de crescimento e de produção da enzima. Este dado é interessante pois contraria o conceito de que microrganismos alcalofílicos não apresentam crescimento nesta faixa de pH. Após ultrafiltração-centrifugação, uma proteína de 85,2 kDa com atividade de CGTase foi isolada. Esta proteína foi identificada em placas contendo amido e fenolftaleína. A determinação da temperatura ótima mostrou atividades mais elevadas em 25ºC e 55ºC, indicando a possível presença de mais de uma CGTase no filtrado de cultura. Valores de Km e Vmax foram 1,77 mg/mL e 0,0263 U/mg proteína, respectivamente, usando amido de batata como substrato.

Present study has continued the investigation on distribution of mercury in estuarine sediments of Patos Lagoon which began whilst assessing the after-effect of enormous accidental discharge of sulfuric acid into the estuary. An attempt to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic effluents on mercury pollution in sediments was undertaken. The effluents from Rio Grande City sewages were categorized into four groups based on their sources. Comparison of mercury concentrations from those, indicated that domestic effluent was prevalent. Apparent geographic controls of effluent locations enriched in mercury on zones of polluted estuarine sediments were also revealed. Insufficient control on waste collecting and absence of sewage treatment are considered the principal causes of mercury pollution in estuarine sediments.

Aluminum toxicity is one of the major constraints for plant development in acid soils, limiting food production in many countries. Cultivars genetically adapted to acid soils may offer an environmental compatible solution, providing a sustainable agriculture system. The aim of this work was to identify genomic regions associated with Al tolerance in maize, and to quantify the genetic effects on the phenotypic variation. A population of 168F3:4 families derived from a cross between two contrasting maize inbred lines for Al tolerance was evaluated using the NSRL and RSRL parameters in nutrient solution containing toxic level of aluminum. Variance analyses indicated that the NSRL was the most reliable phenotypicindex to measure Al tolerance in the population, being used for further QTL mapping analysis. RFLP and SSR markers were selected for bulked segregant analysis, and additional SSR markers, flanking the polymorphisms of interest, were chosen in order to saturate the putative target regions. Seven linkage groups were constructed using 17 RFLP and 34 SSR markers. Five QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 2, 6 and 8, explaining 60% of the phenotypic variation. QTL4 and marker umc043 were located on chromosomes 8and 5, close to genes encoding for enzymes involved in the organic acids synthesis pathways, a widely proposed mechanism for Al tolerance in plants. QTL2 was mapped in the same region as Alm2,also associated with Al tolerance in maize. In addition, dominant and additive effects were important in the control of this trait in maize.

A supramolecular Nickel (II) porphyrin complex containing four pyridyl-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)chloro ruthenium meso substituents was submitted to successive voltammetric cycles in high alkaline media to produce a supramolecular matrix with Nickel centers linked by µ-peroxo bridges, producing a highly stable thin film able to act as redox mediator for electrocatalytic oxidation of folic acid. The characterization of electrode surface material was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The modified electrode was inserted into a batch injection electrochemical cell used for the rapid and precise quantification of folic acid in pharmaceutical products. The favorable hydrodynamic conditions provided by amperometry-BIA association allowed a very high throughput with good linear range (1 to 200 µmol L−1) and low detection limit (7.37×10−7 mol L−1). The electrochemical method was applied to the quantification of folic acid in different tablet samples. The results were comparable with values indicated by the manufacturer and those found using high HPLC according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia; commercial samples were submitted to a procedure in order to remove lactose of tablets, since carbohydrates act as interfering species. This procedure together with the electrochemical method showed to be simple, rapid, efficient and an appropriate alternative for quantifying this compound in real samples.

The southern area of the Patos Lagoon estuary has been subjected to intense industrial and port-related activities which have not only caused meaningful changes in the landscape but also degraded aquatic resources by contaminating them with dissolved nutrients and trace metals in the last decades. This study aims at compiling data on the development that has happened in the urban and industrial occupation in Rio Grande, a city located in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, by relating it to the main results of contamination indicators in the estuarine environment regarding water, sediment, soil and atmosphere. Bibliographic data have shown an increase in domestic effluents around the city in the 1980’s, mainly in more sheltered areas, such as the Saco da Mangueira, where cyanobacteria eutrophication has often occurred because of the high concentration of nutrients. The content of trace metals in the water of channel areas of the estuary was always lower than the maximum limit established by Brazilian quality criteria. However, the sediment showed higher concentrations of some trace metals (e.g. copper, lead, nickel, vanadium and zinc), the metalloid As and Hg than the maximum concentrations established by the legislation, mainly in several places around urban, industrial and port areas. The labile fraction (or potentially bioavailable) in the water and in the sediment showed that trace metals have provided significant contributions to sheltered areas, such as marinas, but have exceeded in shipyards. Trace metals in the urban soil and man-made ground of the city indicated that there were anthropogenic contributions, mainly by mercury. Anomalies in the content of lead found in the atmospheric particulate matter and acid rain were also reported. Therefore, more severe environmental policies, effective control, industrial wastewater treatment and control of atmospheric emissions must be carried out in order to maintain environmental quality and public health. The city authorities in Rio Grande need to implement the existing integrated estuary management program in a proper and practical way, involving stakeholders and local governments. A parte sul do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos apresenta intensa atividade portuária e industrial, sendo que estas propiciaram nas últimas décadas alterações significativas na paisagem e na degradação dos recursos hídricos, incluindo a contaminação por nutrientes dissolvidos e por metais traço. Este estudo visa compilar uma revisão dos impactos resultantes do desenvolvimento da ocupação urbana, industrial e naval da cidade do Rio Grande ao longo dos anos, procurando relacioná-los com os principais resultados de indicadores da contaminação do ambiente estuarino nos compartimentos água, sedimento, solo e atmosfera da região. Os dados bibliográficos indicaram um acréscimo do lançamento de efluentes domésticos ao redor da cidade nos anos de 1980, principalmente em área mais abrigadas do estuário como o Saco da Mangueira, o que vem promovendo desequilíbrios tróficos (hipertrofia das águas de margem) e frequente florações de cianobactérias, devido ao aporte de nutrientes. Os teores de metais traço na água de áreas de canal no estuário se encontram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Entretanto, o sedimento demonstrou altas concentrações de alguns metais traço (por ex. cobre, chumbo, níquel, vanádio e zinco), o metaloide As e o Hg, acima do estabelecido pela legislação, principalmente em vários locais ao redor da área urbana, industrial e portuária da cidade. A fração lábil (ou potencialmente biodisponível) de metais traço em água e sedimento indicaram contribuições significativas em áreas abrigadas como marinas e excederam em áreas de estaleiros. Metais traço nos solos e os aterros da cidade mostraram contribuições antropogênicas, com destaque para o mercúrio. Anomalias nos teores de chumbo no material particulado atmosférico e chuva ácida foram também reportados. Urge uma política ambiental mais severa e com efetiva fiscalização, proibindo fluentes clandestinos, exigindo tratamento básico dos efluentes pelas indústrias e controle das emissões atmosféricas, que vise a manutenção da qualidade ambiental e saúde pública da população que vive na área estuarina. O poder público do município de Rio Grande deve implementar de forma apropriada e prática o existente programa de gestão integrada para o estuário, envolvendo as partes interessadas e governantes locais.

High concentrations of arsenic (>50μg L(-1)) have been detected for the first time in groundwater of the wave-dominated Paraiba do Sul delta, Brazil. The deltaic shallow groundwater aquifer is enriched in arsenic fixed by authigenic sulfides. A study of palynomorphs confirmed that aquifer sediments were formed in inter-dune lakes/swamps lately covered by eolian sands. The organic sediments of contemporaneous inter-dune lake/swamp contain very high concentration of As: up to 180mg kg(-1) and 163μg L(-1) in dry gyttja material and interstitial water, respectively. The As in recent lake/swamp sediments is retained by iron hydroxides in upper and probably by sulfides in lower layers. In the absence of connection of inter-dune lakes/swamps with fluvial currents, the atmospheric input of As could be considered as the principal source in sediments. The calculation demonstrates the possibility of high concentrations of As accumulation in sediments of inter-dune lakes/swamps from atmospheric precipitations within several centuries before they will be covered by eolian sands and turned into shallow aquifer. Considering the commonalities of wave-dominated delta formations, we can predict more prevalent As accumulation in delta plain groundwater.

Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status of children admitted to the Municipal Children's Hospital of Imperatriz-MA. Methods: The sample consisted of 80 children of both sexes, aged 02-12 years hospitalized for at least 03 days, at the Municipal Children's Hospital of Imperatriz-MA. Results: The results showed that the distribution of the average ceo-d and CPO-D by age, hospitalized children in the age group 05 to 07 years are the ones that showed higher caries index. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) of hospitalized patients, aged between 02 and 05 years revealed a poor oral hygiene, between ages 06 and 12 there was a decline in the index average. Regarding oral hygiene, most children (75%) performed hygiene during hospitalization, these, 73.75% used toothbrush and toothpaste and only one (1.25%) flossed, but as the frequency, one can observe that 43.75% had conduct once a day, 22.5% twice a day, and only 8.75% reported performing oral hygiene three or more times daily Conclusion: It was found that the oral health of children hospitalized is committed to a high plaque index and a high caries prevalence in the primary dentition. The oral hygiene does not occur in a systematic and targeted manner during the hospitalization period, with poor adherence to oral hygiene procedures. Index terms: oral health; dental caries; prevalence.

Características peculiares como a alta especificidade dos anticorpos e o eficiente poder catalítico das enzimas, têm despertado um grande interesse em grupos de pesquisa científica no que diz respeito às possíveis reações obtidas pela junção dessas duas moléculas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a constituição e obtenção dos anticorpos catalíticos e suas potenciais aplicações em biotecnologia. A tecnologia de anticorpos catalíticos já demonstrou a capacidade dessas moléculas em mediar diversas reações e vem abrindo relevantes possibilidades de aplicações em áreas industriais, agrícolas, e biotecnológicas. Aliada à prática médica os anticorpos catalíticos são grande promessa para fins diagnósticos e terapêuticos desde a destruição de células cancerígenas e microrganismos, até a elaboração de vacinas catalíticas para as mais diversas finalidades como a desintoxicação definitiva de pacientes com dependência química.

As famílias Culicidae e Simulidae são de grande relevância por apresentarem insetos transmissores de doenças, com grande variabilidade genética e adaptabilidade biológica. Podem-se destacar o Aedes aegypti, principal vetor da dengue, Culex quinquefasciatus e C. pipiens, vetores da filiariose e do vírus do Oeste do Nilo, respectivamente, e Simulium quinquestriatum, S. damnosum e S. amazonicum, responsáveis pela síndrome hemorrágica de Altamira e pela transmissão da oncocercose e mansonelose. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar três espécies de Diptera a partir de um marcador baseado em DNA mitocondrial. O estudo do DNA mitocondrial é uma das técnicas que permite detectar polimorfismos e, utilizando-se um conjunto único de oligonucleotídios, será uma estratégia útil para a identificação dessas espécies para fins entomológicos e epidemiológicos.

Stabilized α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticle modified fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes were shown to be excellent glucose amperometric FIA sensors exhibiting high specific sensitivity (446 µA mM−1 cm−2), low limit of detection (3 µM) and high analytical frequency (128 analyses/hour). The electrodes were constituted by ∼20 nm nanoparticles and the limit of detection was only slightly improved in hydrodynamic as compared to diffusional conditions reflecting the enhanced surface area and the moderate heterogeneous electron transfer rates at the nanostructured α-Ni(OH)2/solution interface.

This paper describes the influence of nitrate availability on growth and release of dissolved free and combined carbohydrates (DFCHOs and DCCHOs) produced by Spondylosium pygmaeum (Cooke) W. West (Zygnematophyceae). This strain was isolated from a subtropical shallow pond, located at the extreme south of Brazil (Rio Grande, RS). Experiments were carried out in batch culture, comparing two initial nitrate levels (10 ⁄ 100 lM) in the medium. Growth was monitored by direct microscopic cell counts and chl a content. Nitrate consumption was determined by ion chromatography, while the production of extracellular carbohydrates was monitored by the phenol-sulfuric method. The monosaccharide compositions of DFCHOs and DCCHOs were determined in each growth phase byHPLC with pulse amperometric detection (HPLCPAD). At the end of the experiment, the total composition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) molecules >12 kDa was determined by gas chromatography. Nitrate availability had no influence on S. pygmaeum cell density at any phase. On the other hand, chl a content decreased after a few days growth when the availability of nitrate was restricted, but continued to rise when nitrate was plentiful. Also, nitrate depletion was faster at 10 lM nitrate. No influence of the growth phase or nitrate availability on the total carbohydrates (TDCHOs) released per cell was observed. Only DCCHOs were released by S. pygmaeum, and the composition varied between growth phases, especially at lower nitrate availability. EPS molecules >12 kDa were composed mainly of xylose, fucose, and galactose, as for other desmids. However, a high N-acetyl-glucosamine content was found, uniquely among desmid EPSs.

Nickel and vanadium were tested as tracers of oil refinery emission distribution in populated area of Rio Grande-RS. The anomalies of these elements in surface soil are considered a long-term reflection of the emissions in low atmosphere. The spatial distribution of Ni and V in the soil corresponded to the pattern of local winds. The threshold of 1.5 backgrounds of these metals markedly outlined the area of petrochemical emissions. Anomalies of Ni and V in surface soil have a rather different configuration in comparison with other metal tracers of urban impact: Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn.

RESUMO: Com vistas a uma avaliação das condições sanitárias das alfaces comercializadas em Araraquara – SP, foram analisadas 100 amostras desse vegetal, sendo 50 delas coletadas em 10 diferentes hortas e outras 50 nos correspondentes locais de comercialização, após 24 horas. Em cada amostra foram realizadas as determinações do NMP de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e de Escherichia coli, e pesquisa de Salmonella. A análise dos resultados obtidos, sempre apresentando valores de NMPs comparativamente menores para as amostras obtidas diretamente do produtor, sugere conduta não adequada durante lavagem, manipulação e transporte da alface. Dentre as 100 amostras analisadas, 13 (26%) provenientes dos locais de comercialização e 3 (6%) obtidas diretamente dos produtores apresentaram valores de coliformes fecais acima dos 200/g permitidos pela legislação brasileira. Cabe ainda salientar que em nenhuma amostra se obteve isolamento positivo para Salmonella. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hortaliças; coliformes; Salmonella.

RESUMO: Com vistas a uma avaliação das condições sanitárias das alfaces comercializadas em Araraquara – SP, foram analisadas 100 amostras desse vegetal, sendo 50 delas coletadas em 10 diferentes hortas e outras 50 nos correspondentes locais de comercialização, após 24 horas. Em cada amostra foram realizadas as determinações do NMP de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e de Escherichia coli, e pesquisa de Salmonella. A análise dos resultados obtidos, sempre apresentando valores de NMPs comparativamente menores para as amostras obtidas diretamente do produtor, sugere conduta não adequada durante lavagem, manipulação e transporte da alface. Dentre as 100 amostras analisadas, 13 (26%) provenientes dos locais de comercialização e 3 (6%) obtidas diretamente dos produtores apresentaram valores de coliformes fecais acima dos 200/g permitidos pela legislação brasileira. Cabe ainda salientar que em nenhuma amostra se obteve isolamento positivo para Salmonella. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hortaliças; coliformes; Salmonella.

RESUMO: Foram analisadas cinqüenta amostras de água de irrigação, cinqüenta de alface não lavada e cinqüenta de alface lavada com água tratada, coletadas em hortas situadas na cidade de Araraquara, SP, Brasil. A partir de cada uma das amostras, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: determinação do NMP de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e Escherichia coli; pesquisa de salmonella, Shigella, E. coli enteropatogênica clássica (EPEC), E. coli enteroinvasora (EIEC), Yersina e, eventualmente, outros patógenos detectados pelas técnicas utilizadas; determinação da sensibilidade a drogas, das amostras de enteropatógenos isolados. A análise estatística demonstrou haver correlação significativa apenas entre o grau de contaminação por coliformes fecais e E. coli nas amostras de água de irrigação e de alface não lavada. Após a lavagem das alfaces as medianas dos percentuais de redução foram: 81,4% para coliformes totais, 99,9% para coliformes fecais e 97,4% para E. coli. Foram isoladas, na água de irrigação, Salmonella Miami, S. bredney, S. abaeteuba, E. coli 0:26 e Aeromonas hydrophila. Em uma amostra de alface não lavada, S. miami. Nas amostras de alface lavada, foram isoladas S. Miami e A. hydrophila. Apenas a S. Miami foi detectada nas amostras paralelas, de água de irrigação, de alface não lavada e de alface lavada. Não foram isoladas, em nenhuma das amostras, Shigella, Yersina e E. coli enteroinvasora. Das oito amostras de enteropatógenos isolados, sete apresentaram resistência múltipla a drogas, enquanto a cepa de E. coli 0:26 só foi resistente à novobiocina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hortaliças; coliformes; enteropatógenos.

Quinze compostos triazenos foram estudados quanto à atividade antibacteriana pela metodologia de microdiluição em caldo. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) foram pesquisadas frente a três bactérias padrão (E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) e frente a cepas hospitalares (Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Ralstonia pickettii, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Micrococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL Klebsiella oxytoca 14, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 23, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 24, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 25, ESBL Escherichia coli 26, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 27, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 31, ESBL Escherichia coli 32, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 37 e ESBL Escherichia coli 38). A maior atividade foi evidenciada para o composto 1-metil-3-(p-carboxifenil)triazeno 1-óxido (2) contra Streptococcus agalactiae (CIM =16 µg/mL e CBM = 32 µg/mL). Os compostos 1-fenil-3-(4-nitrofenil)triazeno-1-óxido (9), 1-(4-nitrofenil)-3-(4-carboxifenil)triazeno (10) e 1-(4-acetilaminofenil)-3-(4-carboxifenil)triazeno (11) apresentaram CIMs de 32 a 64 µg/mL frente a S. edipermidis, S. saprophyticus, Corynebacterium sp. e E. cloacae. Os compostos 1-metil-3-feniltriazeno-1-óxido (1) , bis-1,3-(4-acetiloxima)triazeno (3), bis-1,3 (4-acetilfenil)triazeno (4), 1-(2-fluorfenil)-3-(4-acetilfenil)triazeno (5), 1,3-(3-hidroxi-difeniltriazenido)(piridil)(bis-oxo-vanádio) (12), 1-(3-nitrofenil)-3-feniltriazeno (14), 1-(4-nitrofenil)-3-benziltriazeno (15) apresentaram CIM = 128 µg/mL frente a S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, A. lwoffii, Micrococcus sp., S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Corynebacterirum sp., E. cloacae, S. flenneri e S. sonnei. Os compostos 1-fenil-3-(4-acetilfenil)triazeno (6), 1,3-bis-(4-etoxicarbonilfenil) triazeno (7) e 3-(4-carboxilatofenil)-1-metiltriazeno 1-óxido de potássio tetraidratado (13) apresentaram CIMs iguais ou maiores que 128 µg/mL. Estes resultados demonstraram a potencial atividade biológica destes compostos contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. Fifteen triazenes compounds were studied concerning their antibacterial activity by broth microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined with E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Ralstonia pickettii, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Micrococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL Klebsiella oxytoca 14, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 23, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 24, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 25, ESBL Escherichia coli 26, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 27, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 31, ESBL Escherichia coli 32, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 37 e ESBL Escherichia coli 38. The highest effect was evidenced by the compound 1-methyl-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)triazene 1-oxide (2) against Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC = 16 µg/mL and MBC = 32 µg/mL). The compounds 1-phenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)triazene-1-oxide (9), 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)triazene (10) e 1-(4-acethyl amine phenyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)triazene (11) presented MIC between 32 and 64 µg/mL against S. edipermidis, S. saprophyticus, Rhodococcus sp. and E. cloacae. The compounds 1-methyl-3-phenyltriazene-1-oxide (1) , bis-1,3-(4-acethyl oxime)triazene (3), bis-1,3 (4-acethyl phenyl)triazene (4), 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-acethylphenyl)triazene (5), 1,3-(3-hydroxy-diphenyltriazenide)(piridil)(bis-oxo-vanadium) (12), 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyltriazene (14), 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-benzyltriazene (15) presented MIC of the 128 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, A. lwoffii, Micrococcus sp., S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Corynebacterirum sp., E. cloacae, S. flenneri e S. sonnei. The compounds 1-phenyl-3-(4-acethylphenyl)triazene (6), 1,3-bis-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) triazene (7), and 3-(4-carboxylatephenyl)-1-methyltriazene 1-oxide of potassium tetrahydrate (13) presented MICs equals or highest than 128 µg/mL. The results have demonstrated the potential biological activity of these compounds against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) is an enzyme that produces cyclodextrins from starch via an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. An alkalophilic Bacillus strain, isolated from cassava peels, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. CGTase production by this strain was better when potato starch was used as carbon source, followed by cassava starch and amylopectin. Glucose and amylose, on the other hand, acted as synthesis repressors. When the cultivation was supplemented with sodium ions and had the pH adjusted between 6.0 and 9.0, the microorganism maintained the growth and enzyme production capacity. This data is interesting because it contradicts the concept that alkalophilic microorganisms do not grow in this pH range. After ultrafiltration-centrifugation, one protein of 85.2 kDa with CGTase activity was isolated. This protein was identified in plates with starch and phenolphthalein. Determination of the optimum temperature showed higher activities at 25ºC and 55ºC, indicating the possible presence of more than one CGTase in the culture filtrate. Km and Vmax values were 1.77 mg/mL and 0.0263 U/mg protein, respectively, using potato starch as substrate. Ciclodextrina glicosiltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) é uma enzima que produz ciclodextrinas a partir de amido via transglicosilação intramolecular. Uma cepa de Bacillus alcalofílico, isolada de cascas de mandioca, foi identificada como Bacillus licheniformis. A produção de CGTase por esta cepa foi melhor quando amido de batata foi utilizado como fonte de carbono, seguido por amido de mandioca e amilopectina. Glicose e amilose, por outro lado, atuaram como repressor de síntese desta enzima. Quando o cultivo foi suplementado com íons sódio e teve o pH ajustado entre 6,0 e 9,0, o microrganismo manteve a capacidade de crescimento e de produção da enzima. Este dado é interessante pois contraria o conceito de que microrganismos alcalofílicos não apresentam crescimento nesta faixa de pH. Após ultrafiltração-centrifugação, uma proteína de 85,2 kDa com atividade de CGTase foi isolada. Esta proteína foi identificada em placas contendo amido e fenolftaleína. A determinação da temperatura ótima mostrou atividades mais elevadas em 25ºC e 55ºC, indicando a possível presença de mais de uma CGTase no filtrado de cultura. Valores de Km e Vmax foram 1,77 mg/mL e 0,0263 U/mg proteína, respectivamente, usando amido de batata como substrato.

The alteration in the quality of groundwater in the industrial zone of Brazil's southernmost state was assessed by a hydrogeochemical study. In 70-85% of the studied area, fluoride, nitrate and phosphate in groundwater surpass the maximum limits for human consumption according to Brazilian environmental legislation. The chemical spectrum of contaminants and their spatial distribution show that fertilizer production processes are responsible for groundwater pollution. The natural conditions of the region are not favorable for minimal protection against infiltration of pollutants into the aquifer.

Despite its ecological , economic s and geopolitical importanc e , Mirim lagoon is still poorly known .In this paper we present the first data about organic composition and nutrient levels in lagoon sediments . Total Organic Carbon N-total , and P-total had an average content of 1.26 %,0.163 % e 0.162% , respectively . The southern part of the lagoon is characterized by higher concentrations of these elements.This is due to the proximity of the main fluvialdischarges. Mirim lagoon sediments are poor in carbon and nitrogen , which is attributed to the organic in put dilution , high occurrence of sediment resuspension processes , and recent deposition of lagoon substratum .The N:Pratio is low in comparison to other aquatic environments .This is likely to be associated to the intense use of phosphate fertilizers and the high frequency of sediment resuspension . Apesar da sua importância ecológica , econômica e geopolítica, a Lagoa Mirim é ainda pouco conhecida . Neste trabalho são apresentados os primeiros dados sobre a composição orgânica a e teores de nutrientes para os sedimentos da lagoa . O Carbono Orgânico Total , N – total e P-total apresentaram teores médios de 1,26% , 0,163% e 0,162% , respecti vamente. A região sul da Mirim é caracterizada por maiores concentrações de C ,N e P. Isto é atribuído à proximidade dos principais aportes fluviais . Os sedimentos da Mirim foram considerados pobres em C e N , o que pode ser explicado pela diluição dos aportes orgânicos , constantes trocas entre sedimento e coluna d’água e deposição recente do substrato . A razão N:P é baixa se comparada a outros ambientes aquáticos , o que provavelmente está associado ao intenso uso de fertilizantes fosfatados na bacia de drenagem e a alta frequência do processo de ressuspensão.

Arsenic distribution in sediments of the Mirim–Patos lagoonal system is investigated. Deposits of fresh water Mirim Lagoon and those of the fresh water part of the Patos Lagoon contain 2.5 and 7.7 mg kg −1 , respectively, on average of total arsenic. In contrast, estuarine sediments of the Patos Lagoon are evidently contaminated by arsenic in high concentrations (up to 50 mg kg −1 ), and about 80% of the arsenic there is found in a bioavailable form. Analytical data coupled with direct, visual observations of estuarine water contamination by raw phosphorites and fertilizers suggest that the major source of arsenic in the estuarine sediments originated from the fertilizer industry.

High lead concentrations up to 5478 mg kg-1 were detected in dry atmospheric precipitations in Rio Grande city and adjacent area. Lead anomalies cover up to 30% of the study area. Lead concentration measurement in dry atmospheric precipitation and suspended particulate matter provides a possibility to detect concentrations above lead threshold in the air. The most impacted areas are fishermen’s villages. The most possible source of lead in the air is uncontrolled sub industrial activity of local population.

In a factorial design study involving the determination of F- by ion-selective electrodes, a significant interference was demonstrated for Fe, with an even more pronounced interference for Al. The fluoride leaching procedure from polluted soil showed more reliable results using 0.5 M citric acid

The current article presents the first data on physical-chemical parameters of wet precipitation collected at single collection point in the city of Rio Grande, during the period of 12 months in 1997-1998. The employed technique of rainwater separation into several portions made clear the process of the atmosphere self-purification during a precipitation event. The pH of rainwater depends on the extent of industrial emissions and increases during a precipitation event. The first portion of rainwater shows an obvious neutralizing effect of soil and ocean-derived components, whose intensity depends on the duration of the preceding dry period.

Orientador: Arlete Moyses Rodrigues Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A indústria da vida transfonrma de modo fundamental na década de 90 as atividades industriais capitalistas voltadas para o uso, compra, venda e controle do mercado de produtos bio-industriais relativos a alimentos, agricultura e saúde. As empresas transnacionais gigantes produzem sementes, pesticidas, processamento de alimentos, melhoramento de plantas, até produtos veterinários e fármacos. O elo da cadeia produtiva que analisamos é a indústria de pesticidas. Nesta, analisa-se as suas trajetórias tecnológicas da síntese química (agroquímicos) e da biotecnologia (transgênicos) e seus efeitos sobre a sociedade e meio ambiente. Caracteriza-se o processo de constituição da indústria da vida, através das fusões e aquisições, proporcionadas pelas empresas transnacionais gigantes que ao longo de 50 anos atuam no mercado de pesticidas. Demonstra-se como está consolidado o mercado mundial e brasileiro de pesticida. A tecnologia é o elemento central no desenvolvimento desse tipo de indústria. Traçamos um panorama da inovação tecnológica registrada na indústria mundial de agroquímico e de transgênicos. No Brasil, ao final de 1997, 27 firmas pertenciam ao segmento industrial produtor de agroquímicos, das quais 25 foram pesquisadas, com o objetivo de verificar questões relativas às trajetórias tecnológicas. Analisamos os impactos no meio ambiente e na saúde humana decorrentes dos produtos originários da trajetória tecnológica da síntese química e da biotecnologia na agricultura. Destacamos sinteticamente, que a trajetória da biotecnologia é o suporte que viabiliza a reprodução ampliada do capital investido, ao longo de 50 anos na trajetória da síntese química. O processo de competição entre as empresas continuará sendo por inovação de produtos, que terão sua origem na trajetória da biotecnologia. Mas estes, ao exigir a continuidade do uso dos pesticidas nas atividades produtivas agrícolas, irão assegurar o prolongamento da vida útil da trajetória da síntese química. Portanto, não se vislumbra a implementação de uma agricultura sustentável, sem a utilização de pesticida, embora a trajetória tecnológica predominante seja a da biotecnologia Abstract: In the nineties, industry of !ife has been transfonrmed in a fundamental instrument to the industrial capitalist activities oriented towards the use, purchase, sale and control of the bio-industrial products market related to food, agriculture and health. The gigantic transnational enterprises produce seeds, pesticides, food processing, plant improvement products, even veterinary and pharmaceutical products. The link to the productive chain we analyze is the pesticides industry, in which analyze the technological trajectories of the chemical synthesis (agrochemicals) and of the biotechnology (transgenics) and their effects on society and the environment. The life industry constitution process is characterized by mergers and acquisitions made by gigantic transnational enterprises, which for the past 50 years have been acting in the pesticides market. Technology is the central element in the development of this kind of industry. We trace an overview of the technological innovations registered in the world industries of agrochemicals and transgenics. In Brazil, at the end of 1997, there were 27 companies belonging to the industrial segment producing agrochemicals. Of these, 25 were researched with the objective of verifying matters related to technological trajectories. We analyzed the impacts on the environment and on human health, occurring from products originating from the technological trajectories of the chemical synthesis and biotechnology in agriculture. We point out that the biotechnological trajectory is the support that will enable the enlarged reproduction of capital invested, during these 50 years, in the chemical synthesis trajectory. The competition process between companies will continue to be made through the innovation of products originating from the biotechnology trajectory. But these, when they demand the continuation of the use of pesticides in agricultural productive activities, will ensure the prolongation of the useful life of the chemical synthesis trajectory. Therefore, one does not perceive the implementation of a sustainable agriculture without the utilization of pesticides, even though the technological trajectory may be predominantly that of biotechnology Doutorado Doutor em Sociologia

A concentração de fluoreto foi determinada, através do método potenciométrico, com eletrodo íon seletivo, na água da chuva e na água subterrânea, no município de Rio Grande. Os teores de fluoreto na água da chuva variaram de 0,05 a 4,40 ppm, enquanto que na água subterrânea as concentrações de fluoreto variaram entre 0,08 e 2,20 ppm. Os resultados mostram que os teores de fluoreto na água da chuva coletada no ponto de amostragem está relacionada à direção do vento e aos parâmetros de chuva (pH e condutividade). Mesmo em regiões mais afastadas das fábricas (10 km de distância), as concentrações de fluoreto podem atingir valores que superam muitas vezes o teor de background mundial para águas de chuva, apresentando forte evidência do efeito das atividades industriais realizadas nas fábricas de fertilizantes. As concentrações de fluoreto nas águas subterrâneas mostram uma tendência de diminuição com afastamento das fábricas. Fluoride concentration was determined by potentiometric method in rainwater and in groundwater at Rio Grande city. In rain water, the range of fluoride concentration was 0.05 – 4,40 ppm, and in ground water it was 0,08 – 2,20 ppm. It was concluded that fluoride concentration in rainwater has relation to wind direction and rain parameters (pH and conductivity). Up until distant places from the factories (10 km), the fluoride concentration in rainwater can be several times higher than those found in seawater, showing a great evidence of the fertilizer factories effect. Groundwater fluoride concentrations demonstrated a tendence of decreasing while the distance from the factories increased.

A concentração de fluoreto foi determinada, através do método potenciométrico, com eletrodo íon seletivo, na água da chuva e na água subterrânea, no município de Rio Grande. Os teores de fluoreto na água da chuva variaram de 0,05 a 4,40 ppm, enquanto que na água subterrânea as concentrações de fluoreto variaram entre 0,08 e 2,20 ppm. Os resultados mostram que os teores de fluoreto na água da chuva coletada no ponto de amostragem está relacionada à direção do vento e aos parâmetros de chuva (pH e condutividade). Mesmo em regiões mais afastadas das fábricas (10 km de distância), as concentrações de fluoreto podem atingir valores que superam muitas vezes o teor de background mundial para águas de chuva, apresentando forte evidência do efeito das atividades industriais realizadas nas fábricas de fertilizantes. As concentrações de fluoreto nas águas subterrâneas mostram uma tendência de diminuição com afastamento das fábricas. Fluoride concentration was determined by potentiometric method in rainwater and in groundwater at Rio Grande city. In rain water, the range of fluoride concentration was 0.05 – 4,40 ppm, and in ground water it was 0,08 – 2,20 ppm. It was concluded that fluoride concentration in rainwater has relation to wind direction and rain parameters (pH and conductivity). Up until distant places from the factories (10 km), the fluoride concentration in rainwater can be several times higher than those found in seawater, showing a great evidence of the fertilizer factories effect. Groundwater fluoride concentrations demonstrated a tendence of decreasing while the distance from the factories increased.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência do comprimento relativo de raiz seminal (CRRS) e do comprimento líquido de raiz seminal (CLRS) como indicadores fenotípicos quanto à tolerância ao alumínio na avaliação de plantas individuais de milho. Plântulas de genótipos tolerantes e suscetíveis ao Al foram submetidas a solução nutritiva contendo nível tóxico deste elemento, por um período de sete dias, após o qual, determinaram-se os valores de CRRS e CLRS. Os resultados obtidos quando se utilizaram valores médios para CRRS e CLRS mostraram que ambos os índices foram capazes de discriminar com eficiência os materiais tolerantes dos suscetíveis. Entretanto, quando foram utilizados os valores de CRRS e CLRS obtidos a partir de plantas individuais, observou-se a existência de plantas tolerantes com valores típicos de plantas suscetíveis, o que indica que a avaliação fenotípica de plantas individuais pelos dois índices está sujeita a erros significativos, principalmente na caracterização de plantas suscetíveis. Portanto, em estudos para mapeamento de "quantitative trait loci" (QTLs) ligados à tolerância ao Al, nos quais utilizam-se estes índices fenotípicos, o mais apropriado é avaliar famílias F3, onde é possível obter valores médios para CRRS e CLRS e utilizar estas médias para representar os valores fenotípicos das respectivas plantas F2. The objective of this work was to verify the efficiency of the relative seminal root length (RSRL) and net seminal root length (NSRL) as phenotypic indexes for aluminum tolerance in individual maize plants. Seedlings of Al tolerant and susceptible genotypes were grown in nutrient solution containing toxic level of Al for a period of seven days, after which the values of RSRL and NSRL were determined. The results obtained when mean values of RSRL and NSRL were utilized showed that both indexes were able to discriminate tolerant from susceptible maize genotypes. However, when individual values of RSRL and NSRL were utilized, some tolerant plants scored as susceptible ones were observed, showing that the phenotypic evaluation of individual plants by both indexes is subjected to significant errors, mainly in the characterization of susceptible plants. Therefore, in studies for quantitative traits loci (QTLs) mapping for Al tolerance in maize, where these indexes are used, the most appropriate is to use F3 families, where it is possible to obtain mean values for RSRL and NSRL and then utilize these means to represent the phenotypic values of the respective F2 plants.

The reaction between [Ag(PPh3)3(NO3)] and 1-phenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl) triazene 1-oxide desprotonated with potassium hydroxide in methanol yields crystalline [Ag(O2NC6H4NNNOC6H5)(C18H15P)2], the first mononuclear triazenido 1-oxide complex of Ag(I) including a [Ag(PPh3)2]+ fragment. In the asymmetric title complex, the coordination geometry about the Ag+ ion is tetrahedral, with one triazenido 1-oxide anion acting as a bidentate ligand (four-electron donor). The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with the cell dimensions a = 19.551(7), b = 19.342(9), c = 11.124(6)A, β = 95.453(15)°, V = 4187(3)A3, Z = 4.

The exceptional stability of FTO electrodes modified with Ni1−xCox(OH)2 in the alpha polymorphic phase was assigned to Co(II) substitution in the Ni(II) reticule, decreasing the basal plane distances and the average grain size, as confirmed by careful analyses of their X-ray diffractograms and thermal behavior as a function of the cobalt content. That phenomenon can be assigned to thermodynamic rather than kinetic factors, reflected by much higher dehydration/dehydroxilation temperatures, as expected for the stabilization of the mixed alpha-phase hydroxides in detriment of the oxides, opening real perspectives for application of alpha-Ni1−xCox(OH)2 in high efficiency batteries and devices.

A new compact system encompassing in flow gas diffusion unit and a wall-jet amperometric FIA detector, coated with a supramolecular porphyrin film, was specially designed as an alternative to the time-consuming Monier-Williams method, allowing fast, reproducible and accurate analyses of free sulphite species in fruit juices. In fact, a linear response between 0.64 and 6.4 ppm of sodium sulphite, LOD = 0.043 ppm, relative standard deviation of ±1.5% ( n = 10) and analytical frequency of 85 analyses/h were obtained utilising optimised conditions. That superior analytical performance allows the precise evaluation of the amount of free sulphite present in foods, providing an important comparison between the standard addition and the standard injection methods. Although the first one is most frequently used, it was strongly influenced by matrix effects because of the unexpected reactivity of sulphite ions with the juice matrixes, leading to its partial consumption soon after addition. In contrast, the last method was not susceptible to matrix effects yielding accurate results, being more reliable for analytical purposes.

In North Sea and Port Acu (Brazil) coastal areas, high arsenic (As) concentrations were observed in water, soil and sediments. Therefore, the impact of this contamination on fish and shellfish species bought from local fishermen was studied. Total As was assessed with ICP-OES (Brazil) and ICP-MS (North Sea) after microwave digestion. Toxic As was assessed with liquid chromatography-ICP-MS (Brazil) and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (North Sea). All analytical methods comply with Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures. Several fish species have average Total As concentrations above 1 μg g-1 wet weight (ww), but the highest concentrations are found in less spotted dogfish, lemon sole and whelks from the North Sea, with respectively 50, 49 and 50 μg g-1 ww. High Total As concentrations correspond to high Toxic As concentrations, except for scallops having increased Toxic As concentrations. Toxic As fractions are highest in scallops (almost 10%) but rarely exceeds 2% in all other species. Liver samples were only analyzed in ray, dogfish and catfish and their Toxic As fractions are between 2 and 4 times higher than in muscle. For a consumption of 150 g of seafood, only 3 samples exceed the provisional total daily intake of 2 μg kg-1 bw, however, cancer risks are non-negligible. Using mean Toxic As concentrations for each of the different fish and shellfish species studied, Lifetime Cancer Risk values at the actual global seafood consumption rate of 54 g day-1 are above 10–4 for whelks, scallops, dogfish, ray and lemon sole.

A zona costeira concentra grande parte da população brasileira. As plataformas continentais são responsáveis por cerca de 1 terço da produção de matéria orgânica dos oceanos. Apesar de sua importância o litoral brasileiro possui contrastes regionais. Há áreas muito bem estudadas e com extenso registro na literatura e outras com escassez de dados. Do ponto de vista geoquímico a plataforma continental adjacente a foz do rio Jequitinhonha é uma região pouquíssimo estudada. Dados sobre biomarcadores são inexistentes na literatura regional. Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos pioneiros sobre a matéria orgânica e o sedimento da região a fim de caracterizar possíveis fontes, taxas de sedimentação, presença de influência antrópica e variações quantitativas e qualitativas ao longo do tempo. Para isso foram realizadas análises de biomarcadores por GC-MS dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos, dos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos e dos esteroides; análise de isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio, teores de carbono e nitrogênio e datação por Pb210. Um testemunho sedimentar de 34cm foi coletado próximo a foz do rio Jequitinhonha em proveito de um cruzeiro oceanográfico realizado pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) em parceria com a Universidade de Heidelberg da Alemanha no projeto SAMBA (South American Hydrological Balance and Paleoceanography during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene). Quanto a granulometria, houve o predomínio de sedimentos finos, sendo 69,56 (±) 8,02% composto pela fração argila e 30,41 (±) 8,06% pela fração silte. A datação do testemunho registrou um range de 125,9 anos da base ao topo do testemunho, indo de 1890 na base até 2016, ano da coleta, no topo. Através da datação foi possível estimar valores de 0,27 cm/ano para a taxa de sedimentação. Os teores de carbono orgânico e total de nitrogênio orgânico tiveram médias de 1,79 (±) 0,08 e 0,20 (±) 0,01 % respectivamente. Através da combinação dos valores de TOC, nitrogênio com as razões isotópicas dos respectivos elementos foi possível observar que a matéria orgânica da região é composta de um mix de contribuições marinhas e terrígenas. Estes últimos provavelmente carreados pelo rio Jequitinhonha. Quanto aos biomarcadores, a concentração média do total de esteroides foi de 2,92 ±1,53 μg/g, com β-sitostanol, β-sitosterol, dinosterol, e colesterol compondo cerca de 70% do total de esteroides. Os HPAs totais tiveram concentração média de 95,61 ± 43,22 ng/g, sendo que o perileno, um HPA natural, representou cerca de 95% do total. Foi observada correlação entre as variações verticais dos HPAs, esteroides e TOC. Além de apresentarem comportamento temporal semelhante, e se correlacionarem entre si, foi possível também correlacionar os mesmos com eventos de cheia do rio Jequitinhonha. Reforçando então a hipótese de que parte da matéria orgânica tem origem terrígena e é transportada pelo rio Jequitinhonha. Não foram encontrados registros de impacto antrópico significativo. Os esteroides indicativos de material de origem fecal e/ou contaminação por esgoto, coprostanol e epi-coprostanol foram detectados, mas em níveis muito baixos. Nos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos foi observado a predominância de compostos com número ímpar de carbonos, associados a fontes terrígenas. Os resultados deste trabalho podem servir como resultados basais estabelecendo o background para estudos futuros para uma região carente de dados e estudos, como a plataforma adjacente ao rio Jequitinhonha. The coastal zone concentrates a large part of the Brazilian population. The continental shelves account for about one-third of the organic matter production of the oceans. Despite its importance, the Brazilian coast has regional contrasts. There are areas very well studied and with extensive record in the literature and others with scarce data. From a geochemical point of view, the continental shelf adjacent to the mouth of the Jequitinhonha River is a very poorly studied region. Data on biomarkers are non-existent in the regional literature. In this work, pioneer studies on organic matter and sediment of the region were carried out in order to characterize possible sources, sedimentation rates, presence of anthropic influence and quantitative and qualitative variations over time. GC-MS biomarkers of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and steroids; analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, carbon and nitrogen contents and dating by Pb210 were carried out. A 34cm sedimentary core sample was collected near the mouth of the Jequitinhonha river by an oceanographic cruise conducted by Fluminense Federal University (UFF) in partnership with the University of Heidelberg of Germany in the SAMBA project (South American Hydrological Balance and Paleoceanography during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene). As for granulometry, there was a predominance of fine-grained sediments, being 69.56 (±) 8.02% composed by the clay fraction and 30.41 (±) 8.06% by the silt fraction. The age of the samples had an estimated a range of 125.9 years from the base to the top of the core sample, going from 1890 at the base to 2016, the year of collection at the top. Through the dating it was possible to estimate values of 0.27 cm / year for the sedimentation rate. Total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen had mean values of 1.79 (±) 0.08 and 0.20 (±) 0.01%, respectively. By combining the values of TOC and nitrogen with the isotopic ratios of the respective elements it was possible to observe that the organic matter of the region is composed of a mix of marine and terrestrial contributions. The latter probably carried by the Jequitinhonha river. As for the biomarkers, the mean concentration of total steroids was 2.92 ± 1.53 μg / g, with β-sitostanol, β-sitosterol, dinosterol, and cholesterol making up about 70% of total steroids. Total PAH had a mean concentration of 95.61 ± 43.22 ng / g, and perylene, a natural PAH, accounted for about 95% of the total. A correlation was observed between the vertical variations of PAHs, steroids and TOC. In addition to presenting similar temporal behavior and correlating with each other, it was also possible to correlate them with flood events of the Jequitinhonha River. It reinforces the hypothesis that part of the organic matter has terrigenous origin and is transported by the Jequitinhonha river. No records of significant anthropic impact were found. Steroids indicative of fecal material and / or sewage contamination, coprostanol and epi-coprostanol were detected, but at very low levels. In aliphatic hydrocarbons the predominance of compounds with an odd number of carbons, associated with terrigenous sources, was observed. The results of this work may serve as baseline results establishing the background for future studies for a region lacking data and studies, such as the platform adjacent to the Jequitinhonha river.