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Afroguatteria discostigma (Diels) X.Guo & R.M.K.Saunders, Taxon 66 (1): 13, 2017 Fig. 4; Map 1A Cleistopholis discostigma ≡ Cleistopholis discostigma Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 474, 1907; Oxymitra discostigma (Diels) Ghesq. ex Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 66, 1949; Richella discostigma (Diels) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia discostigma (Diels) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2980, Apr 1904: holotype: B[B10 0153055]; isotypes: BM[BM001125042]; BR [BR000008800398]; [BR000008800398]; G[G00308361]; GOET[GOET005676]; HBG[HBG-502538]; K[K000198949]; L[L.1754813]; M[M-0107910]; P[P00363341]; S[S03-2239]; WAG[WAG0053550]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent with short sericeous hairs. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole, 7.5-10 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen ca.1 cm long, base obtuse, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below (both when fresh and dry); midrib flat or sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf-opposed or extra-axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 20-40 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts not seen; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, valvate, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base narrowed, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; number of stamens not counted, number of rows not seen, 2-3 mm long, oblong; anthers not septate; connective discoid, pubescence not seen; staminodes absent; carpels not seen but free. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 5-10 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 7, 10-15 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, smooth, not ribbed, color unknown; seed 1, 13-15 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South Region. Habitat. A rare species, in primary lowland rain forests. Altitude 100-200(?) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. NE (Not Evaluated), but probably CR. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Afroguatteria discostigma is only known from four collections by Zenker, all collected close to the type locality in Bipindi (South Region). It remains incompletely known and measurements here are incomplete. The species can be distinguished by its almost glabrous vegetative parts (young foliate branches and underside of young leaves can be pubescent with short hairs), its small leaves that are glaucous below (both when fresh and dry) and branches drying black. The flowers are borne on terminal pedicels that appear leaf-opposed or extra-axillary, but can also be cauliflorous (Zenker 3023), the carpels have a single ovule and thus monocarps are single-seeded like in Afroguatteria bequaertii (De Wild.) Boutique) (Boutique 1951a). The altitude range given here is the one around Bipindi, but could be higher given that the mountain range Ngovayang (up to 1000 m) is very close. A recent molecular phylogenetic study showed that this species (under the name Friesodielsia discostigma) clustered in the genus Afroguatteria being sister to the Congolese species A. bequaertii (Guo et al. 2017b). It is thus quite different genetically from the the African species of Friesodielsia (now Monanthotaxis) in which it was placed before based on morphology (van Steenis 1964). Specimens examined. South Region: Bipindi, 3.05°N, 10.25°E, 01 January 1905, Zenker G.A. 2102a (BM,BR,E,G,K,P); Bipindi, 3.05°N, 10.25°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3023 (BM,G,K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 March 1914, Zenker G.A. 576 (MA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Boutique, R, 1951a. Annonacees nouvelles de la flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat, Bruxelles 21: 94 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3666813","Guo, X, Hoekstra, PH, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, Saunders, RM, 2017b. Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae. Taxon 66: 3 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/661.1","van Steenis, CGGJ, 1964. An account of the genera Richella A. Gray and Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th. (Annonaceae). Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 12: 353 - 361"]}

Uvaria mollis Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 295, 1899 Fig. 105; Map 14B ≡ Uva mollis (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 3, no date: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198767]. Description. Liana(?), unknown height, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 13-16 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old, below densely pubescent when young or old; secondary veins 14 to 17 pairs, prominent and pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young branches, leaf-opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-40 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one in the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, inside not seen, margins flat; petals free, inner slightly smaller than outer; outer petals 3, 20-23 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, margins revolute, pubescent outside, inside not seen; inner petals 3, imbricate, 14-16 mm long, 16-17 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base ungulate, claw ca. 5 mm long, margins flat or revolute, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 300 to 400, in 6 to 7 rows, 1-2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, number unknown, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland primary rain forests. Altitude 200-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria mollis is an imperfectly known species. Morphologically, it resembles U. lastoursvillensis Pellegr., a Gabonese endemic (Pellegrin 1949; Le Thomas 1969b) by its leaves with clearly impressed secondary veins looping towards the margin, the overall dense pubescence in the younger branches and flowers, and the single terminal flower at the end of young foliate branches. However, U. mollis is less pubescent with much shorter hairs leading to a very different aspect, and the inner petals are unguiculate with a long claw (ca. 5 mm), suggesting they are different species. In the absence of more material, we follow Le Thomas (1969b) and keep them separate. The name U. mollis was first used for a South Asian species (Uvaria mollis Wall.) given in the "Wallich Catalogue" (Wallich 1832, catalogue number 6475), but this name is a nom. nud. In Flora Indica, Hooker and Thomson (1855 p. 135) considered this name to be a synonym of Unona pannosa Dalzell (Dalzell 1851) (which is now Meiogyne pannosa (Dalzell) J.Sinclair). We found no evidence that the Wallich name was used again (e.g. Turner 2018), rendering the name U. mollis Engl. & Diels as described by Engler and Diels (1899) valid. We chose here the specimen Zenker & Staudt 3 (K) as the lectotype. It was a hard decision, because according to JSTOR the only two specimens of the syntypes that remain are in NY (Zenker 475) and K (Zenker & Staudt 3). Neither of these specimens have flowers or fruits, and are thus poor specimens to choose as a lectotype. However, we know that the specimens deposited in B did have flowers, as this was indicated by Engler and Diels (1901, p. 29). It is probable that they got destroyed or have just not been identified as type material. However, we had access to Annick Le Thomas’s archives in P when she was preparing the "Flore du Cameroun" (but never finalized it). In those archives there is an illustration of U. mollis with a flower (see Fig. 105) which was drawn from Zenker & Staudt 3. This indicates that Le Thomas had access to a specimen of Zenker & Staudt 3 with flowers, suggesting that a better specimen might be available and could be located (possibly in P or B). At this point we have no proof that another specimen of Zenker 475 is available. Specimens examined. Central Region: Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1890, Zenker G.A. 249 (B); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, Zenker G.A. 3 (K); Yaoundé, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 475 (NY). East Region: Bitya near R Ja Nsolo, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 31 March 1921, Bates G.L. 1818 (K).

Uvariodendron connivens (Benth.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 55, 1930 Figs 120, 121; Map 15D ≡ Uvaria connivens Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 465, 1862. = Uvaria megalantha Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 472, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3204, 1904: lectotype, here designated: WAG[WAG0057972]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000636652]; GEOT[GOET005733]; K[K000198800]; M[M0107939]; P[P01982908]; S[S07-13392]. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Bioko Norte; Bioko (Fernando Po), Mann G. 1159, 1861: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198803]; isolectotypes: K[K000198804, K000198805]; P[P00362655]. Description. Tree, 3-20 m tall, d.b.h. 2-25 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4.5-21 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25.4-63.6 cm long, 7-17.7 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.7-2.4 cm long, base rounded (sometimes acute, truncate or subcordate), subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 15 to 29 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-40 mm long, 1.4-4 mm in diameter, glabrous to pubescent; in fruit 13-31 mm long, 3-8 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper bract 4-13 mm long, 6-14 mm wide; sepals 3, basally fused, valvate or slightly imbricate, 5-14 mm long, 7-17 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards center inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 11-32 mm long, 4-26 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, purple to wine red, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous or pubescent towards the margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9.5-30 mm long, 8-20 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, purple to wine red, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous to pubescent with glabrous base inside; stamens 1908 to 2456, in 15 to 25 rows, 2-5 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 6 to 20, ovary 3-7 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile to stipitate, stipes 0-8 mm long, 3-10 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, 22-55 mm long, 17-32 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, dumpy; seeds 8 to 23 per monocarp, 13-29 mm long, 3-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution in West and Central Africa, from Côte d’Ivoire to Ghana, and from Nigeria to Gabon. In Cameroon known from the Littoral, South, and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present; in lowland and premontane primary and old secondary rain forests, can be found in swamp forests. Altitude 50-1000 m a.sl. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ikeinju (Bakweri language, Mbani 14). IUCN conservation status. Near Threatened (NT) (Tchouto 1998). This old assessment is certainly wrong, as U. connivens is quite common across Cameroon, and in general across the region. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariodendron connivens can be distinguished by its long (> 55 cm) narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong leaves, with a rounded base. When compared to other species with long leaves such as U. fuscum and U. calophyllum, it can be distinguished by its longer flower pedicel 6-40 mm long and slightly imbricate sepals. The mature petals are wine red in color, unique for Cameroonian Uvariodendron. Stamen count was taken from Meinke (2008). Specimens examined. South Region: ca 6 km S of Kribi 2-4 km E of Gr Batanga, 2.88°N, 9.916°E, 26 September 1969, Bos J.J. 5412 (P,WAG); Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.35°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 383 (WAG,YA); 29 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 484 (WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2624 (B,K,L,M,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3204 (K,L,M,MO,P,P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 September 1913, Zenker G.A. 358 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Mabeta 6 km SE Limbe SBL, 3.98°N, 9.283°E, 10 August 1993, Baker W.J. 294 (K,YA); Ekundu Kundu, 5.12°N, 8.895°E, 27 April 1996, Cable S. 2230 (K,YA); Dikulu, 3.98°N, 9.233°E, 17 December 1993, Cable S. 611 (K,YA); Liwenyi, 4.37°N, 9.013°E, 28 October 1993, Cheek M. 5180 (K,YA); ca 40 minutes walk N then E from Njonji Hunters path to Lake Njonji, 4.13°N, 8.993°E, 18 November 1993, Cheek M. 5462 (K,YA); Ekundu Kundu, 5.13°N, 8.869°E, 25 April 1996, Cheek M. 8164 (K,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.078°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1051 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Boa / Likinge, 4.42°N, 8.972°E, 31 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 1078 (K,YA); Bakolle Bakossi on Kumba-Mamfe road, 5.01°N, 9.666°E, 24 May 1986, Etuge M. 156 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 24 June 1996, Etuge M. 2396 (K,YA); Mungo FR, 4.73°N, 9.560°E, 22 February 2006, Etuge M. 6506 (K); Mahole-Bintulu road, 4.79°N, 9.603°E, 24 November 1999, Gosline W.G. 209 (K,WAG,YA); Mabeta-Moliwe, 3.98°N, 9.25°E, 06 April 1992, Jaff B. 73 (K,YA); Rivières de Mosongosele et de Ndian depuis Mosongosele jusqu’à l’entrée amont de la mangrove environ 20 km SW de Mundemba, 4.83°N, 8.765°E, 13 June 1976, Letouzey R. 15175 (P,YA); Buea are at Bolifamba, 4.13°N, 9.303°E, 01 January 1929, Maitland T.D. 537 (K,P); Bomana-Koto Road c 500 m Bearing 305 deg towards Onge river, 4.31°N, 9.016°E, 18 October 1993, Ndam N. 708 (K,YA); Bolo forest 5 kms west of Kumba-Mamfe road near Konye, 4.86°N, 9.429°E, 25 March 1986, Nemba J. 56 (U); Mont versant de Idenao, 4.24°N, 8.99°E, 23 January 1985, Nkongmeneck B.A. 959 (YA); Bechati-Fossimondi-Besali forest Path leading from Fossimondi to Besali, 5.64°N, 9.966°E, 28 April 2005, Tchiengue B. 2204 (K,YA); Above Isobe, 4.16°N, 9°E, 10 June 1992, Tekwe C.F. 87 (K,YA); Mount above small Koto village, 4.3°N, 9.1°E, 06 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4447 (K,P,YA); 3 km N of Limbe-Idenao road, 4.05°N, 9.083°E, 10 February 1986, Thomas D.W. 5537 (YA); Matene from Mbilishe, 6.25°N, 9.37°E, 01 March 1987, Thomas D.W. 6928 (P,YA); west of the Onge River and ridges on "Thump Mount", 4.33°N, 8.95°E, 09 November 1993, Thomas D.W. 9875 (K,YA); ca 5 km North East of Limbe TB + 5500 m, 4°N, 9.25°E, 02 June 1992, Watts J. 336 (K,YA); Mabeta-Moliwe TD 5835 m, 4.01°N, 9.266°E, 24 June 1992, Wheatley J.I. 326 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 390-392, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Tchouto, P, 1998. Uvariodendron connivens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T34766A9883333. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34766A9883333.en","Meinke, S, 2008. Studies on the morphology and pollination biology of selected West African Annonaceae. M.Sc. University of Rostock."]}

Monanthotaxis paniculata P.H.Hoekstra, Phytotaxa 186(2): 106, 2014 Figs 65, 66; Map 8G Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; north of Koumameyong along SHM lumber roads, McPherson G.D. 16123, 31 Jan 1993: holotype: WAG[WAG0357246, WAG0357247]; isotypes: LBV n.v., MO n.v., P[P01967243]. Description. Liana, 20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with appressed reddish-brown hairs 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.5-23.5 cm long, 3.3-6.6 cm wide, ovate to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-2.7 cm long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate with small linear black glands, chartaceous, below densely pubescent with yellowish hairs when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary or terminal. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, numerous per inflorescence, peduncle 5.5-27 cm long, panicle-like; pedicel 5-27 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with short reddish brown hairs; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle or lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, petals 6 in one whorl, ca. 3 mm long, ca 1.5 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside; stamens 6, in 1 row, inserted on a black hexagonal disc, opposite to the petals, free at the base, ca. 1 mm long, obconic; connective truncate, kidney-shaped in dorsal view, glabrous; staminodes 6, alternating with the stamens, glabrous; carpels free, 14 to 24, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma shortly bilobed, acute, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to10, 15-30 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, not moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, smooth, green when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species from Gabon and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from Littoral and South regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude 300-350 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis paniculata is distinguished by the long appressed yellowish pubescence on lower side of the leaf blade, its inflorescence in a large panicle-like rhipidium (unique in the genus) and its flowers with one whorl of 6 petals. It is morphologically close to M. congoensis, but differs by its panicle-like inflorescence, depressed-globose floral buds, stamens inserted on a black hexagonal disc, and connective appendage kidney-shaped in dorsal view. Fruits were unknown when the species was first published (Hoekstra et al. 2014) but have since been collected (Couvreur 1108) and fruits are described here for the first time. The presence of Monanthotaxis paniculata in Cameroon is only based on two sterile collections, and needs to be confirmed with fertile material. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 651 (WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.34°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 708 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 223-226, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Hoekstra, PH, Chatrou, LW, Wieringa, JJ, 2014. A new species of Monanthotaxis from Gabon with a unique inflorescence type for Annonaceae. Phytotaxa 186: 106 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.5"]}

Piptostigma pilosum Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 159, 1964 Figs 92, 94; Map 12A = Piptostigma giganteum Hutch. & Dalziel, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 151, 1927. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban District, Talbot P.A. 1336, no date: holotype: K[K000199007]; isotype: K[K000199006]. = Piptostigma latipetalum Baker f.; nom. nud. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Old Calabar, Thomson W.C. 61, no date: holotype: K[K000199008]; isotype: B[B100154081]. Description. Tree, up to 12 m tall, d.b.h. 8-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25-41 cm long, 9-17.2 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly obovate to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 1.1-2.7 cm long, base rounded to cordate, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 20 to 28 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or on old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle like base ca. 10 mm long, axial internodes 3-23 mm long, compact to sublax, sympodial rachis 35-50 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-25 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 10 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; upper bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 7-8 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, light yellow cream to red towards the base, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 30-60 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, pink, margins wavy, pubescent to densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 5 to 8, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 5, 13-30 mm long, 8-18 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to ovoid, apex cuspidate, pubescent, finely warty, longitudinally ribbed with ca. 6 ribs, light yellow to orange when ripe; seeds up to 7 per monocarp, 1.5-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from south eastern Nigeria to Gabon; in Cameroon known from East, South and mainly South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in the understory of primary and old secondary rain forests. Altitude 50-390 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a q). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma pilosum resembles P. macrophyllum because of the large size of their leaf blades (25-41 cm in both species). However, the leaf blades of P. pilosum are mostly elliptic (sometimes however they can be obovate) with a rounded or cordate base, while those of P. macrophyllum are always obovate with an acute to obtuse base and the flowering pedicel is longer (10-25 mm versus 8-10 mm in Piptostigma macrophyllum). The inflorescence of P. pilosum generally presents few flowers per inflorescence (1 to 3) while there are 3 to 6 in P. macrophyllum. The species P. fugax and P. oyemense also have few flowers per inflorescence (1) but these species have fewer carpels (1 to 3 versus 5 to 8 in P. pilosum). Specimens examined. East Region: 78 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1204 (MPU,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Near Bai Kuke SE of Mbonge, 4.53°N, 9.11°E, 25 January 1958, Keay R.W.J. 37372 (P); Along footpath from Ndian River at PAMOL field 69 and transect P, 5.01°N, 8.833°E, 24 January 1985, Thomas D.W. 4311 (P,YA); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.833°E, 12 April 1985, Thomas D.W. 4755 (MO); Limbe W of Njonji Lake, 4.13°N, 9.016°E, 27 January 1994, Wieringa J.J. 2030 (U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 305-307, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Artabotrys R.Br., Bot. Reg. 5: 423, 1820 = Ropalopetalum Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 716, 1854. Description. Lianas, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs or absent. Leaves: petiole 1-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; blade 7-26 cm long, 2.5-14 cm wide, elliptic to ovate to obovate to oblong, apex acuminate to acute, base decurrent to subcordate, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 7 to 16 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 90 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-25 mm long; in fruit 2-25 mm long; bracts 2, all basal, minute, soon falling; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-15 mm long, triangular, apex acute, base truncate; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, valvate, 5-35 mm long, 1-14 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to linear to tubular, apex acute to rounded, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-30 mm long, 1-9 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to linear to tubular, apex acute to rounded, base broad and concave, forming a pollination chamber over the receptacle; stamens 15 to 70, in 2 to 5 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear or cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous or pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 32, ovary 1-4 mm long, stigma bilobed or cylindrical, pubescent or glabrous. Monocarps sessile or substipitate, stipe, when present 1-25 mm long, 1 to 20 monocarps, 6-60 mm long, 5-25 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex rounded to apiculate, smooth or verrucose; seed 1 to 2, 5-25 mm long, 5-15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Type species. Artabotrys odoratissimus R.Br., nom. illegit. (≡ Annona hexapetala L.f., ≡ Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari). A genus of lianas with around 105 species distributed across the paleotropics in South East Asia, Australia, Madagascar and Africa (Chen et al. 2019); eight species occur in Cameroon, one endemic. Genus easily identifiable by its lianescent habit with the presence of characteristic inflorescences in form of a hook (the peduncle) and flowers that have a broad and concave base. Taxonomy. To date there are no taxonomic revisions for Artabotrys in Africa, but see Le Thomas (1969b), Boutique (1951b) and Paiva (1966).

Xylopia calva D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray, PhytoKeys 97: 154, 2018 Map 17E Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 4747, 1903: holotype: BM[000511011]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014581892]; G; K; L[0191105]; M; MO[751089]; P. Description. Tree, height unknown, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; buttresses present. Old branches glabrous, young branches pubescent, the hairs 0.3-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm long, 2 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-17.2 cm long, 3.6-6.5 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-2.1 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young, sparsely pubescent when old; concolorous or slightly glaucous abaxially; midrib sunken, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle branched, 1-3 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 10 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 6-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, rusty pubescent; bracts 1 to 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 4-5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 13-23 mm long, 3.8-6 mm wide at base, oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-17.5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide at base, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow with red on the inner base, pubescent outside, glabrous inside except at apex; stamens ca. 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous, red; carpels ca. 9, ovaries 2 mm long, stigmas connivent at base, linear, slightly thickened at the midpoint, ca. 2.2 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe ca. 3 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 8, ca. 32 mm long, ca. 17 mm wide, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, verrucose and slightly wrinkled when dried, color unknown; seeds 7 to 8 per monocarp, in two rows, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid, sarcotesta unknown; aril absent. Distribution. From southern Nigeria to Cameroon; in Cameroon known only from the South region. Habitat. A rare species, known from three collections, two in Cameroon. Altitude 150-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a y). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. The relatively broad petals of X. calva are distinctive in the absence of hairs on the inner surface except at the apex. Xylopia calva has a pedunculate and branched inflorescence type similar to that found in X. phloiodora and X. paniculata. Specimens examined. South Region: Près des chutes du Ntem ou de Menvé’élé près Nyabessan (60 km Est de Campo), 2.39°N, 10.35°E, 08 April 1970, Letouzey R. 10306 (P,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4747 (BM,BR,G,K,L,M,MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 453-454, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Neostenanthera neurosericea (Diels) Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl.): 6, 1935 Figs 82, 83; Map 10F ≡ Stenanthera neurosericea Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39. 483, 1907. = Neostenanthera platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mém. 1949: 56. 1950; ≡ Stenanthera platypetala Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39. 482, 1907. ≡ Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas. Adansonia sér. 2, 5: 532, 1965. Syn. nov. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2877, Mar 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0154069]; isotypes: B[B 10 0154071]; BM[BM000546878]; K[K000199036]. = Stenanthera macrantha Mildbr. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1111. 445, 1915. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Kribi, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5886, Jul 1911: holotype: B[B 10 0154070]; isotype: HBG[HBG502540]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3105, 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0154067]; isotypes: B[B 10 0390251]; BR[BR0000008824059]; GOET[GOET005682]; G[G00014887, G00014888]; L[L0038043]; LISC[LISC000393]; HBG[HBG502533]; MO[MO-216971]; M[M0107916]; P[P00363312]; S[S07-13457]; WAG[WAG0000096]. Description. Tree to shrub, up to 7 m tall, d.b.h. 3-6 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-21 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base rounded, papyraceous, below densely pubescent with erect slight curly hairs when young and old, densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous or discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 15 to 21 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; peduncule ca. 2 mm long, unbranched; pedicel 10-30 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bract 1, basal, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 15-33 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, thick, elliptic, apex acute, base narrowed and concave, light green to light yellow to cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-15 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base broad and concave, light green to cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 30 to 40, in 5 to 6 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 25, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 7 to 15, 20-30 mm long, ca. 20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pyramidal in shape, pubescent, wrinkled, brown when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, 11-14 mm long, 10-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South, Central Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present; in primary or old secondary rain forests, non-inundated soils. Altitude 200-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014a) (as Boutiquea platypetala). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. This species is closely related to N. myristicifolia but differs by having densely pubescent young foliate branches and sessile and pyramidal monocarps (versus clearly stipitate and ellipsoid monocarps). We transfer Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas back into the genus Neostenanthera. This species was initially described in the genus Stenanthera (Diels 1907), then transferred to Neostenanthera (Pellegrin 1949) until Le Thomas (1965b) erected the genus Boutiquea to accommodate it mainly because of its characteristic sessile monocarps (versus long-stipitate in Neostenanthera s.str.). Besides that, all other morphological characters are common with Neostenanthera (Fero et al. 2014), such as overall flower morphology (e.g. broad and concave inner petal bases), septate anthers, carpels with single ovules and consequently single seeded monocarps (rare in Cameroonian Annonaceae, but a character of the tree genus Annickia too). In the latest revision of the genus Neostenanthera, Fero et al. (2014) didn’t consider Boutiquea as congeneric with Neostenanthera. However, recent molecular data (Guo et al. 2017a; Couvreur et al. 2019) revealed that B. platypetala is phylogenetically very close to Neostenanthera, which is coherent with morphology. The occurrence of species with stipitate and sessile monocarps in the same genus is not uncommon in Annonaceae, for example in Artabotrys or Uvaria, and this character thus does not appear sufficient to warrant the separate generic status suggested by Le Thomas (1965b). In addition, we also consider the name Neostenanthera platypetala as a synonym of Neostenanthera neurosericea the latter being the older name and thus takes precedence. Both names have already been tentatively suggested to be conspecific based on morphological similarities (Diels 1907; Fero et al. 2014). A close examination of the material of N. neurosericea (only known from the flowering type collection) and N. platypetala reveals no major differences, in particular the dense pubescence of young foliate branches, the shape of the leaves (rounded at base, clearly acuminate at apex and obovate in shape), the solitary flowers borne on the branches, and the shape and size of the petals are similar. Specimens examined. Central Region: Bank Nyong River near the new bridge ca 65 km SSW of Eséka, 3.53°N, 10.41°E, 16 July 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2840 (WAG); 16 km SSW d’Eséka, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 02 January 1974, Letouzey R. 12550 (P,WAG,YA); Route Vetère (Likouk-Lokoundji), 3.48°N, 10.32°E, 14 January 1974, Mezili P. 251 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Bekob abandoned village CRES research station, 4.36°N, 10.41°E, 21 April 2005, Etuge M. 6447 (K). South Region: Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.34°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 384 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.35°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 386 (WAG,YA); Entre Fenda (60 km ESE de Kribi et riviere Kienke), 2.8°N, 10.4°E, 22 January 1962, Letouzey R. 4092 (K,P,YA); Elom (Kribi), 2.78°N, 10.25°E, 25 April 1968, Letouzey R. 9436 (P); 55 km ESE de Kribi 2 km W du village, 3.21°N, 10.06°E, 12 March 1963, Raynal A. 10389 (P,YA); Assok (Nyabessan), 2.77°N, 10.47°E, 18 February 1965, Raynal A. 13457 (P,YA); 44 km N de Nyabesssan Réserve forestière de Kienké-sud 500 m N de la route, 2.78°N, 10.37°E, 18 February 1965, Raynal A. 13472 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibambivoto, 2.24°N, 10.26°E, 23 August 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2986 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Mvini, 2.33°N, 10.20°E, 25 August 2002, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. CORIX_3 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mvini, 2.27°N, 10.18°E, 14 September 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3035 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Bifa, 2.65°N, 10.28°E, 12 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3298 (KRIBI,WAG); Korup National Park Primary rain forest, 5.03°N, 8.833°E, 01 March 1987, Thomas D.W. 6891 (MO); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1904 (K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 20 June 1904, Zenker G.A. 2877 (B; Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1918, Zenker G.A. 29 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3105 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1908, Zenker G.A. 3749 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3819 (E,L,M); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, Zenker G.A. 3897 (K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 December 1913, Zenker G.A. 440 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 November 1913, Zenker G.A. 440 (P,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1912, Zenker G.A. 4402 (L). South-West Region: Ekundu Kundu, 5.12°N, 8.895°E, 27 April 1996, Cable S. 2279 (K,YA); Mundemba, 5.05°N, 8.883°E, 05 March 1993, Gereau R.E. 5185 (MO,WAG); Between Ikenge ad Esukutang ca 6 km W of Ikenge, 5.27°N, 9.1°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7554 (MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.33°N, 8.9°E, 22 May 1988, Thomas D.W. 7809 (MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 270-274, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, 2014a. Boutiquea platypetala. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T39475A2927181. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T39475A2927181.en","Diels, L, 1907. Anonaceae africanae I. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschicht und Pflanzengeographie 39: 467 - 486","Pellegrin, F, 1949. Les Annonacees du Gabon (suite). Memoires Societe botanique de France 96: 52 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1949.10839814","Le Thomas, A, 1965b. Un nouveau genre africain d'Annonacees: Boutiquea Le Thomas. Adansonia 5: 531 - 535","Fero, M, Aedo, C, Cabezas, F, Velayos, M, 2014. Taxonomic revision of Neostenanthera (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 39: 17 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678071","Guo, X, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Couvreur, TLP, Saunders, RMK, 2017a. A mega-phylogeny of the Annonaceae: taxonomic placement of five enigmatic genera and support for a new tribe, Phoenicantheae. Scientific Reports 7: e7323. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07252-2","Couvreur, TLP, Helmstetter, AJ, Koenen, EJM, Bethune, K, Brandao, RD, Little, SA, Sauquet, H, Erkens, RHJ, 2019. Phylogenomics of the major tropical plant family Annonaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: e1941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01941"]}

Polyceratocarpus microtrichus (Engl. & Diels) Ghesq. Ex Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mém: 68, 1950 Figs 95, 96; Map 12C ≡ Uvaria microtricha Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 473, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2899, Mar 1904: holotype: B[B 10 0154089]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008804808]; K[K000199038]; M[M0107917]; P[P00363351]; S[S07-13391]. Description. Tree, up to 8 m tall, d.b.h. up to 10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 14-34 cm long, 3.5-8 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base acute, coriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals unisexual (?, only male flowers and fruits seen), inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary; flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; male flowers: pedicel 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, tomentose; bract 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally or entirely fused, cup shaped, ca. 4 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 10-14 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-14 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, obovate to oblong, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 7 to 10 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear to clavate; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; female flowers only seen in fruit; fruiting pedicel 10-20 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 5, 20-30 mm long, 15-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, slightly bumpy when dry, not ribbed, white when ripe; seeds 10 to 14 per monocarp, 5-10 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon, in Cameroon known from the South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in premontane primary rain forests. Altitude: 100-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. parviflorus. The collection Watts 627 was suggested to be a new species (Cable and Cheek 1998, p. 11) but having seen the specimen in K, we have identified it as P. microtrichus. Specimens examined. South Region: 20 km SE of Kribi route minière E of Mt Eléphant, 2.78°N, 10.03°E, 01 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6679 (WAG); ca 45 km from Kribi ca 8 km N of Lolodorf road Forest towards Lokoundje R, 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 02 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6684 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ngovayang, 3.25°N, 10.57°E, 08 June 2015, Droissart V. 1881 (MO); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2899 (BR,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3270 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 December 1913, Zenker G.A. 478 (P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 05 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 950 (K); Mokoko Forest Reserve ca 6 km W of Mundongo, 4.43°N, 9.083°E, 22 March 1993, Watts J. 627 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 311-313, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cable, S, Cheek, M, 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew London","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monodora angolensis Welw., Apont. 587, 1859 Fig. 74; Map 9H = Monodora angolensis var. decidua Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 13, 1896. Type. Angola. Malanje, Golungo Alto, Welwitsch F.M.J. 776, Dec 1855: holotype: LISC; isotypes: B[B 10 0154049]; BM[BM000889328]; BR[BR0000008802026]; C[C10004780, C10004779]; COI[COI00077210]; G; K[K000198845, pro parte]; LISU[LISU206066, LISU206065]; P[P00363309]. = Monodora angolensis var. microphylla Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 13, 1896. Type. Angola. Malanje, Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 775, Jan 1857: holotype: BM; isotype: K[K000198845, pro parte]. = Monodora durieuxii De Wild., Études Fl. Bas-et Moyen-Congo 1: 122, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Wangata, Dewèvre A.P. 613, 14 Jan 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008802354]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802682, BR0000008802743]. = Monodora letestui Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 386, 1947. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, Lastoursville, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 7222, Apr 1929: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363310]; isotypes: BM[BM000553855]; BR[BR0000008801692]; LBV n.v., LISC[LISC000382]; P[P00363311]. = Monodora louisii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 97, 1951. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yangambi, Louis J.L.P. 6612, 15 Nov 1937: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000006246730]; isotypes: BM[BM000553857]; BR[BR0000006247065]; C[C10004782, C10004781]; K[K000199023 K000199024]; NY n.v., P[P00363257]; PRE[PRE0774858-0]; S[S10-21167]. Type. Angola. Malanje; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 774, May 1855: holotype: LISC; isotypes: B[B 10 0190365]; BM[BM000553856]; COI[COI00077209]; G[G00011630]; K[K000198843, K000198844]. Description. Tree, 18-20 m tall, d.b.h. 10-25 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-10 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, weakly grooved adaxially, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4-20 cm long, 2-7.5 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-40 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 25-85 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bract 1, towards the upper half of pedicel, 4-17 mm long, 3-12 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-15 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green speckled with red and purple, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins undulate; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 17-50 mm long, 10-30 mm wide, oblong-obovate, apex truncate, base truncate, red-brown with pale yellow spots towards the apex, margins wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 4-11 mm long, 5-16 mm wide, cordate to rhombic, apex acuminate, base narrowed into a claw, claw 3.0-9 mm long, white tinged with yellow, minutely purple-mottled along margins, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; receptacle convex to flat; stamens numerous, in 9 to 11 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 1-2 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, 35-80 mm long, 35-50 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, apex apiculate, glabrous, rugose, bumpy, green to brown when ripe; seeds 9-13 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species from eastern Nigeria to northern Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, western Tanzania and northern Zambia, with one collection from Ivory Coast; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and Adamaoua regions. Habitat. Fairly uncommon in Cameroon; in primary, secondary, and montane rain forests, gallery forest, sometimes in dry forests. Altitude 0-1800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019y). Notes. Monodora angolensis is distinguished from other species by the combination of the following characters: entirely glabrous leaves and branches and clawed non undulated glabrous inner petals. Specimens examined. Central Region: Environs de Ndokalende 10 km SW de Ndikinimeki, 4.72°N, 10.78°E, 04 March 1984, Satabié B. 754 (P,WAG,YA). East Region: Molunda Sation Ngoko Nginda 21 km north of Molundu, 2.2°N, 15.2°E, 09 January 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4199 (B,HBG). North Region: Tibati, 6.46°N, 12.63°E, 01 February 1909, Ledermann C.L. 2462 (B); km 10 Tibati-Mabouka road, 6.43°N, 12.7°E, 29 June 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10034 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: 18 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.32°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 461 (WAG,YA); 26 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.31°E, 08 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 477 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 247-250, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019y. Monodora angolensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132680437A133046240. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132680437A133046240.en"]}

Uvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niangadouma, PhytoKeys 68: 1-8, 2016 Fig. 129; Map 15I Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Monts de Cristal, near first bridge after Kinguélé village, 0°46'66"N, 10°27'81"E, Couvreur T.L.P 1143, 14 Jun 2016: holotype: WAG; isotypes: LBV, P. Description. Tree, 4-10 m tall, d.b.h. 3-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, pubescent when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, grooved on top, blade inserted on top of the petiole, strong lemon scent when crushed; blade 31.2-50 cm long, 8.8-12 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 2-3 cm long, base subcordate to cordate, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 17 to 19 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous, sparsely spaced along the trunk mostly towards the lower half of the trunk. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, ovoid to conical in bud, 1 to 2 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences similar; pedicel 0-2 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit unknown; bracts up to 3, all basal, 1-2 mm long, 4 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, enclosing the petals in bud, 9-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, narrowly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent with hairs appressed outside, densely pubescent or glabrous towards base inside, margins flat; petals 4, 7-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brownish-greenish-yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamen number unknown, 0.5 mm long, oblong, connective truncate, glabrous, pale yellow; female flowers: carpels free, ca. 60, ovary 4-5 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, densely pubescent with long appressed hairs, stigma cylindrical coiled. Fruits unknown. Distribution. A species only known from southern Cameroon and two localities in Gabon (Monts de Cristal National Park, Mbé sector); in Cameroon known from the South Region. Habitat. A rare species; in mature or old secondary forests near rivers in periodically flooded soils, in flat valley bottoms or in well-drained forests on slope. Altitude 60-300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ntala (Yaoundé, Letouzey 9017); Kakangula (Bagielli Pygmies, Letouzey 9017). IUCN conservation status. Data deficient (DD) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a x), but this assessment didn’t take in account the two specimens cited here form Cameroon. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis citrata resembles U. sessiliflora by its (sub)sessile flowers (pedicels 0-2 mm long), but is easily distinguished by its strong lemon scent, longer leaves (31-50 vs 12-18 cm) and (sub)cordate leaf base (vs acute). The strong lemon scent is unique in the genus. This character has also been reported in Uvariodendron angustifolium and in U. molundense var. citrata (endemic to Gabon). This species was suggested to be endemic to Gabon (Couvreur and Niangadouma 2016), however we identified two specimens from southern Cameroon that fit this species morphologically (young foliate branches pubescent; leaves ca. 35 cm long and sessile ovoid flowers). Neither specimen mentions the citrus scent of the leaves. Letouzey 9017 however does mention that the leaves emit a strong smell when crushed, and the leaves are used to prepare fish dishes which gives them an "aromatic taste" (translated from French, “goût aromatique"). Specimens examined. South Region: A 15 km au SSE de Zingui (soit à 50 km au SE de Kribi), 2.82°N, 10.97°E, 14 March 1968, Letouzey R. 9017 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.21°N, 10.01°E, 13 May 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2869 (KRIBI,WAG,YA).

Uvaria afzelii Scott Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30(206): 70, 1895 Map 12I Type. Sierra Leone. Southern Province; between Kahreni and Port Lokko, Scott Elliot G.F. 5812, Apr 1891: holotype: K[K000198777]. Description. Liana, ca. 3 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate 4 or 3 branched hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches hirsute. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent erect hairs. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, densely hirsute, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-20 cm long, 4-6cm wide, oblong to ovate, apex acute, base cordate, subcoriaceous, below densely pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young, pubescent when old, above pubescent with simple hairs when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent with simple hairs when young and old, below pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young and old; secondary veins 11-15 pairs, sparsely pubescent to glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 35-50 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 40-55 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower part of the pedicel, basal bract 3-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 8-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, tomentose inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 17-22 mm long, 13-17 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 13-20 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base attenuate, yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, tomentose inside, hairs longer towards center; stamens 150 to 200, in 8 to 9 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 50, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma conical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 35-45 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 13 to 25, 13-18 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, club-shaped with the stipes inserted laterally, apex rounded or mucronate, densely pubescent with erect hairs, smooth, constricted around the seeds (2 or 3 bumps), yellow brown to pale orange when ripe; seeds 4 to 6 per monocarp, 12-15 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species, just reaching into Cameroon with a single collection to date, in the North-West region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon (a single collection); along scrub vegetation near cultivation. Altitude 10-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria afzelii is easily recognized by the long golden erect hairs on the young foliate branches and petioles, leaf blades with the combination of simple hairs above and fasciculate hairs below, and especially by its unique club-shaped monocarps that are constricted around the seeds and densely pubescent with erect golden hairs. Specimen examined. North-West Region: Nser et Banji 50 km N Wum, 6.85°N, 10.12°E, 11 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14016 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Isolona Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. I: 161, 1897 Type species. Isolona madagascariensis (A.DC.) Engl. & Diels (a species from Madagascar). Description. Trees, 3-30 m tall, d.b.h. 5-60 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1-15 mm long, 1-4 mm in diameter, blade 8.5-29 cm long, 3-15 cm wide, elliptic or obovate or oblong, apex acuminate, base decurrent to rounded or acute, concolorous; midrib raised on upper surface; secondary veins 7 to 20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 1-25 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; in fruit 2-29 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter; bracts 2 to 7, several basal and one upper, lower half of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-9 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, ovate or elliptic, apex acute or acuminate or rounded, base truncate; petals 6, basally fused, tube 3-11 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 6-31 mm long, 2-12 mm wide; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels fused - syncarpous, forming a single visible gynoecium, 1-3 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate or capitate. Fruit syncarpous, forming a single visible fruit, 30-90 mm long, 15-50 mm in diameter, ovoid or ellipsoid, apex apiculate or rounded or cuspidate; seeds numerous not seriate, 8-25 mm long, 5-15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of trees with 20 known species, 15 in Africa and 5 in Madagascar. In Cameroon nine species are known, none endemic. Isolona, together with its sister genus Monodora, are unique in Annonaceae in having truly syncarpous flowers (fused carpels) and fruits. This translates into single fruits with unordered seeds, in contrast to other genera which have either uni- or biseriate placentation. Petals in Isolona are basally fused forming a clearly visible tube, with six equal lobes of equal length in a single whorl. In the vegetative state, Isolona and Monodora (together with Polyceratocarpus pellegrinii) are characterized by a raised midrib, in contrast to a sunken or flat midrib in all other genera found in Cameroon. Taxonomy. Couvreur (2009)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150"]}

Uvariodendron angustifolium (Engl. & Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 58, 1930 Fig. 120; Map 15B ≡ Uvaria angustifolia Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 295, 1899. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba], Staudt A. 742a, 20 Mar 1896; holotype: B[B 10 0153115]. Description. Tree to shrub, 3-12 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-7.5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous to pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-19.9 cm long, 3-5.8 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 1.1-1.4 cm long, base acute to cuneate, subcoriaceous, below glabrous to pubescent at base, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, lemon-scented when crushed; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous to pubescent at base when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 14 pairs per side, tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 0-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit ca. 5 mm long, ca. 3.5 mm in diameter; bracts 2 to 6, several basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, basal bracts 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper bract 6-11 mm long, 9-15 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, imbricate at the middle, 9-13 mm long, 9-13 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-21 mm long, 9-15 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-22 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 200 to 300, in 10 to 15 rows, 3-3.5 mm long, narrowly oblong; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 7 to 30, ovary 3.5-4.5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Monocarps shortly stipitate, stipes 1-3 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 10, 23-40 mm long, 17-30 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, yellow when ripe emitting strong lemon smell; seeds 9 to 18 per monocarp, 21-28 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A species with a disjunct distribution in West Africa (Ghana, Ivory Coast) and Central Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon); in Cameroon, known from the South-West region. Habitat. A rare species, only collected five times in Cameroon, the last collection from 1987. In lowland primary or secondary rain forest. Altitude 200-400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariodendron angustifolium is distinguished by its narrowly elliptic and relatively small leaves (13-16 cm versus > 16 cm) compared to the other species in Cameroon. Two collections, Thomas 6087 & 7018, record that this species emits a strong-lemon scent from the leaves when fresh, which is also recorded in Uvariodendron molundense var. citrata Le Thomas, a variety endemic to Gabon (Le Thomas 1969b) and in Uvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niangadouma (Couvreur and Niangadouma 2016). Specimens examined. South-West Region: Between Bafia and Likoko, 4.37°N, 9.324°E, 05 February 1958, Keay R.W.J. 37524 (K); Kumba, 4.63°N, 9.416°E, 1896, Staudt A. 642 (K); Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba] area 4.16°N, 9.2°E, 28 March 1896, Staudt A. 742 (B,K); Lake Barombi Kumba, 4.64°N, 9.45°E, 01 April 1986, Thomas D.W. 6087 (YA); Along the road between Konye and Bakole, 4.91°N, 9.466°E, 25 May 1987, Thomas D.W. 7018 (YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 385-387, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Couvreur, TLP, Niangadouma, R, 2016. New species of Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) and Laccosperma (Arecaceae / Palmae) from Monts de Cristal, Gabon. PhytoKeys 68: 1 - 8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.68.9576"]}

Uvaria angolensis Welw. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 23, 1868 Figs 103, 113; Map 13A = Uvaria bukobensis Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 178, 1895. Type. Tanzania: Kagera region, Bukoba, Stuhlmann F.L. 1132, no date: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198760]. = Uvaria angolensis var. guineense Keay, Kew Bull. 8: 71, 1953. Type. Cameroon. Kunde, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9224, 3 May 1914: holotype: K[K000198772]. = Uvaria variabilis De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. I: 461, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, bord de la Semliki, Lesse, Bequaert J. 4117, 7 May 1914: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000009826274]; isotypes: BR[BR0000009826601]; K[K000198773]. Type. Angola. Malanje; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 754, Apr 1857: lectotype, sheet here designated: LISU[LISU206054]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153065]; BM[BM000554044]; COI[COI00004859]; K[K000198826]; P[P00046766]; LISU[LISU206055]. Description. Liana, 2-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of mixed simple, fasciculate or stellate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches densely to sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose to very sparsely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4-17 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous, below densely to sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, densely to sparsely pubescent when old, below sparsely pubescent when young, densely to sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 6 to 12 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young or old foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 7-10 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 4-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, completely fused, tearing at anthesis, 5-9 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, ovate, apex truncate, base truncate, green to yellow, tomentose outside, tomentose inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-20 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, ovate to obovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 12-19 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, obovate to ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, green to yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, tomentose inside; stamens 190 to 210, in 8 to 9 rows, 3-5 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, pubescent, yellow to orange; staminodes absent; carpels free, 25 to 35, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-12 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, inserted laterally; monocarps ca. 20, 13-40 mm long, 6-20 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex apiculate, tomentose, smooth and slightly constricted around the seeds, brown turning red when ripe; seeds 6 to 16 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread tropical African species, occurring from Sierra Leone to Central African Republic, Sudan and Ethiopia, and from Kenya to Zambia, one of the few Annonaceae species with such a wide continental distribution (Couvreur et al. 2008a); in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, Central, East, North-west, South and West regions. Habitat. A common species in Cameroon; mainly occurring in gallery forests in drier regions of the country but also in rain forests. Altitude 500-1400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria angolensis belongs to a complex of species characterized by a calyx completely fused in bud and tearing into three distinct sepals at anthesis (Verdcourt 1971b). In Cameroon, other species of Uvaria with that character are U. baumannii, U. chamae, and U. osmantha. These species are all quite close morphologically (although U. baumanii and U. osmantha are quite different) but can be differentiated by some distinctive characters in particular fruit shape (see Key). Uvaria angolensis is particularly close to U. versicolor (not in Cameroon), but is distinguished by the connective of the stamens being tongue shaped versus discoid in U. versicolor. Uvaria angolensis is also quite variable in its indumentum varying from densely pubescent to glabrous. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Réserve forestière de Ngaoundéré, 7.32°N, 13.58°E, 21 July 1977, Fotius G. 2738 (P,YA); Beleldibi (35 km au SSE de Ngaoundéré), 7.32°N, 13.58°E, 22 July 1966, Letouzey R. 7486 (P,YA); Pentes NO de l’Hoséré Banyo entre 1100 et 1400 m, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 09 June 1967, Letouzey R. 8565 (L,YA). Central Region: Yaoundé Mt Eloumden path from foot of mountain (ca 800 m) on Mendong side, 3.81°N, 11.43°E, 02 May 1996, Cheek M. 8307 (K,WAG,YA); Pentes orientales du mont Yangba (1473 m) près Nyafianga (42 km NNE de Bafia), 5.13°N, 11.35°E, 09 September 1966, Letouzey R. 7829 (P,YA); Près Nyafianga à 46 km SW de Linté, 5.13°N, 11.35°E, 23 April 1982, Nkongmeneck B.A. 310 (P,YA). East Region: Kumbe, 6°N, 14.30°E, 01 January 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9224 (COI,K). North Region: Wakwa, 7.23°N, 13.58°E, 07 October 1960, Breteler F.J. 432 (WAG); Near craterlake ' Lac Tison’ ca 12 km SE of Ngaoundéré, 7.25°N, 13.58°E, 30 November 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 4361 (WAG). South Region: Rocher de Ako’okas 26 km southeast of Ebolowa, 2.7°N, 11.28°E, 21 February 1987, Huber H.F.J. 982 (YA). West Region: ca. 6 km NE of Bangangte, 5.15°N, 10.52°E, 11 May 1964, de Wilde J.J.F.E 2579 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mme Vilatte plantations caOca 5 km from Foumbot, 5.55°N, 10.61°E, 07 July 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10160 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 331-334, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Chatrou, LW, Sosef, MS, Richardson, JE, 2008a. Molecular phylogenetics reveal multiple tertiary vicariance origins of the African rain forest trees. BMC Biology 6: e54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-6-54","Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Notes on African Annonaceae. Kew Bulletin 25: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4103132"]}

Annickia Setten & Maas, Taxon 39 (4): 676, 1990 = Enantia Oliv. nom. illeg.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 174-175, 1867. Type species. Enantia chlorantha Oliv. (≡ Annickia chlorantha (Oliv.) Setten & Maas). Description. Trees, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, stellate and/or fasciculate hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-9 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; blade 3.5-29.5 cm long, 1.5-10.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, base narrowly cuneate to shortly attenuate to rounded; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-19 mm long; in fruit 10-27 mm long; bracts 1 to 2, basal and one upper towards the middle or lower half of pedicel, 2-8 mm long; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-22 mm long, triangular, apex acute, base truncate; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 12-34 mm long, 5-19 mm wide, ovate, margins inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave; stamens 60 to 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 2-4 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped or flattened, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 70, ovary 2-4 mm long, stigma lobed or cylindrical, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 6-59 mm long, 5 to 55 monocarps, 18-35 mm long, 4-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex sometimes mucronate, smooth, glossy; seed 1, 20-30 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of eight species mostly distributed across west and central Africa, with one endemic species in Tanzania; four species occur in Cameroon, none endemic. The genus is easily identifiable when sterile by its yellow slash, and when fertile, by its leaf opposed or extra-axillary (terminal) flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals, and stipitate monocarps with a single seed. Taxonomy. Versteegh and Sosef (2007)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 30, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Versteegh, PC, Sosef, MSM, 2007. Revision of the African genus Annickia (Annonaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 (1): 91 - 118, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20649730"]}

Piptostigma macranthum Mildbr. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53(1-2): 142, 1915 Figs 88, 89; Map 11D = Piptostigma mayumbense Exell, J. Bot. 64 (Suppl. 1): 10, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, M’bulu hills, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 7807, 15 Feb 1919: holotype: B[B100460898]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Mimfia (Bipindi), Zenker G.A. 2528, 1902: holotype: B[B100154080]; isotypes:[BR0000013174743]; G[G00442261]; K[K000199001]; P[P00363281, P00363282, P00363283]; S[S07-13471]. Description. Tree, 6-18 m tall, d.b.h. 15-21 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 14-31 cm long, 7-9 cm wide, ovate to oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5 cm long, base rounded to cordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 16 to 30 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, pubescent all over, peduncle like base 6-25 mm long, axial internodes 10-20 mm long, compact to sub-lax, sympodial rachis 10-70 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-20 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 20-25 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 10 mm long, ca. 10 mm wide; upper bract ca. 10 mm long, ca. 10 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 12-28 mm long, 9-11 mm wide, obovate, apex acute, base truncate, wine-brown, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 40-55 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, cream, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 280 to 320, in 10 to 11 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 9 to 12, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 3 to 6, 30-40 mm long, 25-40 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex acute, pubescent, muricate with projections up to 10 mm long, not ribbed, projections brown otherwise reddish when mature; seeds 2 to 6 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to the Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the South and Central regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in forest edges or in closed forests along rivers. Altitude 50-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Nom-owé (Dial. Yaoundé, Letouzey s.n.). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a k). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma macranthum is easily distinguished from other species of Piptostigma by its characteristic narrowly oblong to oblong leaf blade shape, shiny upper side of leaf blade, rounded and cordate leaf blade base and thick compact inflorescences. Specimens examined. Central Region: Ca 50 km S of Badjob ca 60 km SW of Eséka, 3.46°N, 10.5°E, 19 March 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2132 (BR,P,WAG); Akomimbang (Mbalmayo), 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 13 November 1957, Letouzey R. 1937 (P); Akomimbang Mbalmayo, 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 13 November 1957, Letouzey R. s.n. (P,YA). South Region: 10 km From Kribi Lolodorf road, 2.98°N, 9.966°E, 27 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4647 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Bezirk Kribi Vorland mit einzeln Hügeln bei Adjab 25 km Grand batanga near Eduma and Bidue, 2.93°N, 9.92°E, 25 July 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 6118 (HBG); 51 SE de Campo Nkolmenbegue, 2.39°N, 10.3°E, 24 November 1992, Satabié B. 1037 (YA); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.54°E, 04 December 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3100 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2528 (B,BR,G,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 May 1902, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 291-293, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Brieya fasciculata De Wild., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 384, 1914 Figs 19, 20; Map 3B ≡ Piptostigma fasciculatum (De Wild.) Boutique ex Fries, In Engler A., Prantl K. (eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17aII: 115-116, 1959. = Piptostigma aubrevillei Ghesq. ex. Aubrév.; Fl. For. Cote d’Ivoire 1: 98, 1936. Type. Ivory Coast. Mudjika, Aubréville A. 2115, 1932: lectotype, designated by Ghogue et al. (2017), p. 211: P[P02032149]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bas-Congo; Kingamu, Ganda sumi, de Briey J. 66, 14-16 Oct 1911: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR-S.P.880319]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008803252, BR0000008803245, BR0000008803191]. Description. Tree, 10-25 m tall, d.b.h. 16-50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 12-24 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to obtuse, acumen 0.5-0.8 cm long, base cordate to obtuse, papyraceous, below glabrous to pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary occurring on short peduncle-like bases 0-2 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 1-2 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-25 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, sepal like, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, light green, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 38-108 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, linear, apex acute, base truncate, green, margins flat, pubescent inside, pubescent outside; stamens 30 to 40, in 4 to 5 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 4, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma minute, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, 42-46 mm long, 25-40 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, fleshy, green when ripe; seeds 18 to 20 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Côte d’Ivoire to Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola; in Cameroon known from East, South, Centre, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present, in lowland to submontane rain forests in primary or secondary habitats. Altitude 250-810 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. baouéfou à grandes feuilles (french) (Burkill 1985). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019e). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Brieya fasciculata is distinguished by its discolorous leaves, glaucous white below with a percurrent tertiary venation, its flowers occurring on reduced inflorescences with a short peduncle, the inner petals much longer than the outer ones, with the minute sepals and outer petals identical is shape and size, and its long green linear inner petals. Specimens examined. Central Region: Près Ngong (25 km NE d’Edéa), 3.75°N, 10.98°E, 12 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12345 (P,YA). East Region: 68 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.66°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1231 (MPU,WAG,YA); Batéka Malen 20 km NE de Moloundou, 2.15°N, 15.35°E, 23 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10718 (P,YA); Entre Asip et Mang (60 km ENE de Lomié), 3.4°N, 14.17°E, 13 August 1963, Letouzey R. 5605 (P,YA). North-West Region: Kagwene, 6.10°N, 9.744°E, 13 June 2009, Ashworth J. 310 (K,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.34°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 677 (WAG,YA); Abords de la Lobé à 50 km au SSE de Kribi et à 30 km à l’ENE de Campo, 2.51°N, 9.82°E, 23 March 1968, Letouzey R. 9132 (YA). South-West Region: Mudjika (Wudjika?), 4.29°N, 9.41°E, 01 January 1933, Aubréville A. 2115 (P); on trail from Ekongo village located 5 km before the entrance to Limbe 7 km on secondary road On flank of Mt Etinde 100 m in Mont Cameroon National Park, 4.07°N, 9.132°E, 16 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 510 (WAG,YA); on trail from Ekongo village located 5 km before the entrance to Limbe 7 km on secondary road On flank of Mt Etinde 100 m in Mont Cameroon National Park, 4.07°N, 9.131°E, 16 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 511 (WAG,YA); Rumpi mountains forest trail ca 5 km after Dikome Balue village ca 40 km north of Kumba, 4.93°N, 9.240°E, 10 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 957 (WAG,YA); Kupe village Muanezum trail = Daniel Ajang’s Earthwatch rented area Mt 4.76°N, 9.666°E, 28 March 1996, Etuge M. 1844 (K); Kupe village, 4.77°N, 9.688°E, 28 November 1999, Gosline W.G. 234 (K); Njonji, 4.11°N, 9.016°E, 21 April 1997, Nning J. 385 (K,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.028°E, 20 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3732 (U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 82-85, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137","Burkill, HM, 1985. The useful plants of West tropical Africa Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019e. Brieya fasciculata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132515863A132516629. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132515863A132516629.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monanthotaxis glaucifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Map 7H ≡ Oxymitra glaucifolia Hutch. & Dalziel, Kew Bull.: 153, 1927; Richella glaucifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) R.E.Fr., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia glaucifolia (Hutch. & Dalziel) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Oban, Talbot P.A. 403, 1911: holotype: BM[BM000843988]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches pubescent to glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense appressed to ascending light-brown hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with light-brown hairs, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 11-25.8 cm long, 3.7-8.6 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-2.5 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 10 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-21 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 5-21 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; upper bract ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 30-35 mm long, 23-25 mm wide, ovate, apex, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 21 mm long, ca. 26 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 100 to 150, in 5 to 6 rows, ca. 1 mm long, cuneate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 45 to 50, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 8, 15-26 mm long, 9-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, color unknown; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Nigeria and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from the South-West region. Habitat. A rare species, in submontane primary forest. Altitude 950 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis glaucifolia resembles M. dielsiana and M. enghiana by the shape of its leaves (oblong to obovate) and the largish flowers. It differs from M. dielsiana by having more than 100 stamens per flower, and by light brown hairs on the young foliate branches, while M. dielsiana has orange-brown hairs and about 65 stamens per flower. Monanthotaxis enghiana differs from M. glaucifolia by its densely pubescent branches and leaves with long erect hairs; furthermore, M. enghiana generally has 2 to 5 flowers per inflorescence and M. glaucifolia only one. It is possible that M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia are synonymous, and Hoekstra et al. (2021) suggested that the latter could merely be a higher altitude variant of the former. However for now, both species are retained before more detailed studies are done (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Specimens examined. South-West Region: Mount 4.78°N, 9.683°E, 26 November 1999, Cheek M. 10154 (K,MO,WAG,YA); AyinKeh 3 km north of Ngomboku, 4.93°N, 9.731°E, 17 December 1999, Ghogue J.-P. 500 (K,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Neostenanthera Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl.): 5, 1935 = Stenanthera Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 57, 1900; Oxymitra sect. Stenanthera Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 32. 1868. Type species. Oxymitra hamata Benth. (= Neostenanthera hamata (Benth.) Exell). Description. Trees to shrubs, 3 - 25 m tall, d.b.h. 3-30 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter; blade 6-31 cm long, 2-10 cm wide, ovate or elliptic or oblong, apex acuminate or acute, acumen 0.5-2.4 cm long, base rounded or obtuse or cuneate, discolorous, whitish below or concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 10 to 24 pairs; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-46 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; in fruit 20-60 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter; bract 1, basal, 1-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-4 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, triangular or ovate or semi-circular, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; petals free, valvate, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 6-33 mm long, 1-15 mm wide, elliptic or narrowly triangular, apex acute or attenuate, base narrowed and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 1-10 mm long, 0.6-5 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base broad and concave; stamens 30 to 170, in 4 to 6 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear or broad; connective tongue-shaped; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 109, ovary 1-2.5 mm long, stigma cylindrical or filiform. Monocarps sessile or stipitate, stipes 6-23 mm long; monocarps 7 to 144, 10-30 mm long, 10-20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, rounded or pyramidal in shape; seed 1, 4-14 mm long, 2-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Taxonomy. Fero et al. (2014) [in part]; Le Thomas (1965b). A widespread genus with five species (including Boutiquea platypetala, see under N. neurosericea), three species known from Cameroon, none endemic (the name Boutiquea platypetala is placed in synonymy with N. neurosericea see below). When sterile, this genus can be confused with Monanthotaxis both being lianas with a whitish lower side of leaf blade and percurrent tertiary venation. They are however unmistakable when in flower or fruit. Neostenanthera gabonensis occurs in Gabon and West Africa (Fero et al. 2014). To date it has not been collected from Cameroon as far as we know, but likely does occur there. We have added this species to the key., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Fero, M, Aedo, C, Cabezas, F, Velayos, M, 2014. Taxonomic revision of Neostenanthera (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 39: 17 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678071","Le Thomas, A, 1965b. Un nouveau genre africain d'Annonacees: Boutiquea Le Thomas. Adansonia 5: 531 - 535"]}

Duguetia confinis (Engl. & Diels) Chatrou, Changing Genera: 67, 1998 Figs 25, 26; Map 3I ≡ Pachypodanthium confine Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 55, 1900. = Pachypodanthium sargosii R.E.Fr., Ark. Bot. 3(2): 38, 1955; Pachypodanthium confine var. sargosii Le Thomas, Fl. Gabon 16: 106, 1969. Type. Republic of Congo: Kouilou, Sargos R. 29, 4 Mar 1920: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00364784]; isotype: P[P00364785]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 217, 10 Oct 1895: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00315819]; isotypes: P[P00315821, P00315815]. Description. Tree, 15-40 m tall, d.b.h. 40-85 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-8 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9-31 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, elliptic, apex acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base rounded to acute, coriaceous, below densely pubescent with white erect stellate hairs covering the whole blade when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 14 to 25 pairs, indistinct, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, appearing axillary, forming on a short peduncle 2-11 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 3-20 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 3-20 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, glabrous to densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 5-9 mm long, 5-10 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 17-22 mm long, 13-15 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner to sub equal; outer petals 3, 11-18 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, base truncate, cream to white, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 11-18 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, base truncate, cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 290 to 310, in 7 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 100 to 125, ovary 1.4-2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, 25-50 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; individual carpels sessile, 100 to 125 carpels, completely fused, 15-12 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex apiculate to acute, densely pubescent, longitudinally ribbed with 5 to 6 main ribs, greyish brown with purplish red or pale brown pulp when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, 10-14 mm long, 4-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril present, red. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon and Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South and Littoral regions. Habitat. In lowland periodically inundated or non-inundated rain forests. Altitude 0-50 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019j). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Duguetia confinis is distinguished by its lower leaf surface, which is densely pubescent with erect stellate hairs completely covering the blade, and its carpels completely fused in fruit. Specimens examined. Central Region: Est N of Lom near Sanaga river (Yaundé) 250 km from Deng Deng, 4.84°N, 13.19°E, 01 March 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8558 (K). Littoral Region: Au sud de Ngola (8 km E de l’embouchure de la Sanaga), 3.55°N, 9.698°E, 05 January 1974, Letouzey R. 12585 (P); Douala-Edea Reserve 10B, 5.01°N, 13.33°E, 01 April 1978, Thomas D.W. 1237 (K). South Region: ca 16 km from Kribi Ebolowa road Bidou plantation Kienke forReserve, 2.85°N, 10.01°E, 03 February 1969, Bos J.J. 3844 (WAG,YA); 20 km From Kribi N of Lolodorf road (SFIA logging road), 3.01°N, 10.05°E, 15 July 1969, Bos J.J. 5048 (BR,BR,K,WAG,YA); Mt Elephant ca 18 km SE of Kribi, 2.78°N, 10.5°E, 14 January 1970, Bos J.J. 6128 (BR,P,WAG); Near mouth of, 3.17°N, 9.961°E, 28 March 1928, Hédin L. 1690 (P,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.71°N, 9.866°E, 26 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4205 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3195 (B,BR,E,G,L,M,MO,P,S)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019j. Duguetia confinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T61984644A61984646. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61984644A61984646.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Xylopia monticola D. M. Johnson & N. A. Murray, PhytoKeys 97: 190-193. 2018 Map 18E Type. Nigeria. Taraba [" N. E. State "] State, Sardauna Province, Kurmin Kugapa, below Kurmin Dodo below the western edge of Cabbal Wade ["Chappal Waddi"], ca. 5500 ft, 28 Feb 1975, Chapman J.D. 3755 Holotype: K. Description. Tree up to 10 m (-20 m) tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrate, young branches pubescent with erect dull gray to brown hairs 0.1-1.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3.5-9 mm long, pubescent, grooved; blades 7.8-10.9 cm long, 2.7-5.1 cm wide, lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, elliptic to oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, apex blunt-acuminate, acumen 0.4-1.6 cm long, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrate, above glabrous, concolorous; midrib flat, above pubescent, below pubescent; secondary veins 7-13 pairs; tertiary venation conspicuously reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5.2-8.1 mm long, 1-1.3 mm in diameter; in fruit 6-8.7 mm long, 1.5-2.8 mm thick, sparsely pubescent, sometimes with bracts or sepals persistent; bracts 3-4, evenly spaced, 2-3.1 mm long, ovate; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2.7-3.5 mm long, 2.9-3.1 mm wide, triangu-lar to ovate, apex acute, pubescent outside; outer petals 3, (15-) 36-52 mm long, 2.7-3.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base concave, cream, pubescent inside, sericeous outside; inner petals 3, valvate, (15.5-) 29-37 mm long, 2-2.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex obtuse, base concave, cream, pubescent on both surfaces except for glabrous base; stamens 160-200, 1.8-2.2 mm long, narrowly oblong, connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 7 to 8, ovary 1.2-1.3 mm long, stigma loosely connivent, linear, 2-3.4 mm long, glabrous except for apical hair tuft. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 8-13 mm long, 2.1-2.6 mm in diameter, monocarps 4 to 8, 34-40 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, narrowly oblong and slightly falciform, torulose, apex obtuse or with a beak 0.5-2 mm long, glabrate, verrucose, green outside, endocarp red; seeds up to 5 per monocarp, in a single row, 11-13.1 mm long, 5.8-6.5 mm wide, oblongoid; sarcotesta "glaucous “glaucous”; aril absent. Distribution. Easternmost Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon (South-West region). Habitat. A rare species; in gallery forest along streams and in understory of lower montane forests. Altitude 650-1670 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia monticola is similar to X. thomsonii in having 1-flowered inflorescences and multiple (3 to 4) bracts, but may be distinguished by the more conspicuous abaxial vein reticulum of the leaves, the longer outer petals, and the relatively small monocarps with a proportionally longer stipe. Xylopia monticola is always a tree, while X. thomsonii is usually a scandent shrub and only rarely an upright tree. Xylopia monticola seems to be restricted to higher elevations than X. thomsonii but closer comparison of the two taxa in the South-West Region and adjoining areas is needed. Specimens examined. South-West Region: Near Aguosho 10 km SSW of Akwaya, 6.3°N, 9.466°E, 20 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4558 (MO); Takamanda Forest Reserve along footpath from Malishi to Kalu 6.15°N, 9.433°E, 01 May 1987, Thomas D.W. 7400 (B,K,MO)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 474-475, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}

Piptostigma oyemense Pellegr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 75, 1950 Figs 91, 93; Map 11I Type. Gabon. Woleu-Ntem; Oyem, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 9624, 21 Jun 1934: holotype: P[P00363276]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802774, BR0000008802446]; BM[BM000553961]; P[P00363274, P00363275]. Description. Tree, 2-6 m tall, d.b.h. up to 10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 11-27 cm long, 4-9 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-2.5 cm long, base cuneate, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 21 to 29 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 7-10 mm long, axial internodes 3-6 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 27-42 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 11-18 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit ca. 12 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. ca. 4 mm long, 2 mm wide; upper bract ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 12-14 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, light green, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 40-50 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, pink, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, 30-40 mm long, 25-30 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent when immature, glabrous when mature, verrucose, not ribbed, white with pink when ripe; seeds 3 to 5 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, 5-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rarely collected species in Cameroon; in rain forests on the slope of mountains. Altitude 450-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B2ab(iii) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a p). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma oyemense is characterized by its elliptic leaf blades, glabrous on both sides when old, and its inflorescence usually with a single flower (rarely 2) and 3 carpels. The only other species with a single flower per inflorescence and up few carpels (less than 4) is P. fugax, which has obovate to very narrowly obovate leaf blades, a cuneate leaf base (versus obtuse to acute), a pubescent midrib on the upper ide (versus glabrous), the longer inner petals between 20-40 mm long (versus 40-50 mm) and the tomentose monocarps (versus glabrous when mature). Cheek and Cable (1998, p. 11) mention two specimens as Piptostigma sp. nov. (Akogo 34, Harris 3755) collected from Mont Cameroon. We identified the former as P. oyemense. We did not see Harris 3755. Specimens examined. South Region: Akom II, 2.78°N, 10.55°E, 12 December 2013, Kamdem N. 159 (YA). South-West Region: Bomana, 4.28°N, 9.060°E, 05 October 1993, Akogo M. 34 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 303-305, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Monanthotaxis elegans (Engl. & Diels) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 25, 1971 Fig. 49; Map 7C ≡ Popowia elegans Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 45, 1901. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1321, 23 Mar 1897: holotype: B[B100153023]; isotypes: BM[BM000553832, BM000553833]; E[E00181437]; G[G00308366]; HBG[HBG-502506]; K[K000198990, K000198991]; M[M-0198713]; P[P00362605, P00362606]. Description. Liana, up to 4 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense appressed to ascending reddish brown hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.6-15.4 cm long, 2.3-4.6 cm wide, narrowly oblong-elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate (to obovate), apex acute to acuminate, acumen ca. 3 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on foliate branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 8 per inflorescence, glomerule-like; pedicel 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with appressed yellowish brown hairs; in fruit 4-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; upper bract ca.1 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 1 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 2.6-4.3 mm long, 2.6-3.5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, yellow to cream, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 3.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, yellow to cream, margins flat, pubescent towards base outside, pubescent inside; stamens 9, in 1 row, ca. 1 mm long, linear to oblong; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes 6, alternating with the stamens, minute, glabrous; carpels free, 12 to 20, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 8, 9-16 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, glabrous, verrucose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, color unknown; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, 7-9 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. In primary lowland rain forests and gallery forests, open rocky spot on sandy soil. Altitude 50-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis elegans is generally distinguished by its oblong-lanceolate leaves and extra-axillary or terminal glomerule-like inflorescences with yellow-brown pubescence. The specimen Annet 348 [P01960095] has obovate instead of oblong-lanceolate leaves, but the inflorescence and flowers are typical for M. elegans. Specimens examined. Central Region: Riverine forest bank Nyong river near the new bridge ca 65 km SSW of Eseka, 3.46°N, 10.5°E, 16 June 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2709 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Natchigal ca 20 km N of Obala, 4.35°N, 11.63°E, 01 July 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2787 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Bipinde, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 20 June 1918, Annet E. 348 (BR,K,P); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 704 (WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1897, Zenker G.A. 132 (L); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1897, Zenker G.A. 1321 (E,M,P); Lokoundjé, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 199 (U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2693 (E,L,M,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1911, Zenker G.A. 4000 (E,L,M,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1912, Zenker G.A. 4477 (E,L,M); Bipindi, 3.05°N, 10.25°E, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 191-192, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Xylopia letestui Pellegr., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 658, 1920 Fig. 146; Map 18B = Xylopia letestui var. longepilosa Le Thomas, Fl. Gabon 16: 178, 1969. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Moumba, Haute Ngounyé, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 6046, 3 Sep 1926: holotype: P[00169154]; isotypes: BM[000511049]; BR[0000008825315]; P[00169153, 00169155]. Type. Gabon. Nyanga; Mayombe Bayaka, Tono-Sanga Le Testu G.M.P.C. 1760, 9 Aug 1914: holotype: P[P00169125]; isotypes: BM; K[K000199054]; BR[BR0000008825322]; EA[EA000002492]; LISC[LISC000403]; P[P00169126, P00169127]. Description. Tree, up to 40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; buttresses present, narrow and thin. Old branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young branches densely pubescent, the hairs 0.4-1 mm long, branches sinuous or zigzagging. Leaves: petiole 1-2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.7-10.9 cm long, 1.2-2.7 cm wide, lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, apex acute, base truncate and often slightly asymmetrical, subcoriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent when old, the hairs dull grayish brown, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib flat to slightly raised, above densely pubescent when young, glabrous to densely pubescent when old, below densely appressed-pubescent when young, sparsely appressed-pubescent to densely appressed-pubescent when old; secondary veins 8 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle ca. 2.5 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 1-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 8-14 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, evenly spaced, 2-6 mm long, 2-6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally to 2/3 fused, forming a cup, 4-6 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 13-22 mm long, 2.3-3.2 mm wide at base, lanceolate-ligulate, linear-lanceolate, or narrowly triangular, elliptic, apex acute, base broad and concave, cream-colored with a purple blotch at the base, pubescent, base glabrous to densely pubescent outside, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10.3-18.1 mm long, 2.4-3.2 mm wide at base, linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base broad and concave with conspicuous hairy tufts on the margins, cream, densely pubescent outside, pubescent, and glabrous towards the base inside; stamens numerous, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 7 to 10, ovary 1 mm long, stigmas loosely connivent with tips free, linear, sinuate, 3-3.5 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps sessile; monocarps 4 to 7, 27-45 mm long, 21-34 mm wide, nearly spherical to ellipsoid, apex rounded or obtuse, pubescent, smooth to verrucose, wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp bright red; seeds up to 6 per monocarp, in two rows, 8-19 mm long, 8-13 mm wide, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid; sarcotesta grayish white in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution between West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Ghana, and Central Africa from eastern Nigeria to western Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species, especially visible as a young tree in the understory; in lowland primary and more rarely secondary rain forests, on both clay and well-drained sandy soil, Altitude 50-450 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019l). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia letestui is easily distinguished even when sterile by its nearly sessile and densely pubescent leaves with truncate and often slightly asymmetrical bases. In addition, the inner petals are short and bear conspicuous hairy tufts on the margins toward the base. It is similar to X. villosa, but the lower leaf indument is not shiny and there are fewer flowers in the inflorescences. The sinuous young shoots with conduplicate new leaves sometimes seen in X. letestui have not been noted in specimens of X. villosa. Specimens examined. East Region: Dja Reserve (Réserve de Faune du Dja) Bouamir Research Area 90 km southeast of Akonolinga, 3.18°N, 12.79°E, 23 May 1997, Fogiel M.K. 2098 (MO,WAG); Entre Kondon I et Mbalam près Ngoila (axe Lomié Souanké), 2.85°N, 13.93°E, 22 December 1972, Letouzey R. 11707 (P,YA); A 15 km au Sud de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo sur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 23 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4361 (P,YA). South Region: 24 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.31°E, 08 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 475 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 688 (WAG,YA); Sud Cameroun TDC, 2.65°N, 9.9°E, 15 November 1991, Hallé F. 4247 (P,WAG). South-West Region: Korup National Park P transect P plot subplot 4E, 5.01°N, 8.8°E, 24 February 2008, van der Burgt X.M. 1129 (BR,G,K,MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 466-467, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019l. Xylopia letestui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T149069496A149069498. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T149069496A149069498.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Artabotrys velutinus Scott Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 71, 1894 Fig. 15; Map 3A = Artabotrys nigericus Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 10: 356, 1921. Type. Nigeria. Jos North, Naraguta, Lely H.V. 541, 17 Aug 1921: holotype: K[K000198866]. = Artabotrys stenopetalus Engl. Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 300, 1899. Syn. nov. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1222, 1896: holotype: B[B10 0154052]; isotypes: GOET[GOET005675]; HBG[HBG502541]; K[K000198862]; M[M0107912]; MO[MO-216860]; NY[NY00025832]; P[P00363384, P00363385]; S[S07-13456]; WAG[WAG0053235]; WU[WU0025887, WU0025888]. ? Artabotrys stenopetalus var. parviflorus Pellegr., Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandie 26: 7, 1924. Type. Gabon. Nyanga, Tchibanga, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 1964, 6 Jan 1915: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363379]; isotypes: EA[EA000002453, EA000002452]; K[K000198861]; LISC[LISC000375]; P[P00363378, P00363380]. = Artabotrys nitidus auct. Exell Jour. of Bot. 73 Supp. Polypet. Add.: 5, 1935 (non Diels) (specimens Gossweiler 5978 [COI00070298] and 7361 [COI00070297]). Type. Sierre Leone: Northern Region; Falaba, Scott Elliot G.F. 5137, 5 Mar 1892: holotype: K[K000198865]; isotype: B[B 10 0154055]. Description. Liana, up to 10 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 8-13 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base decurrent to acute, papyraceous, below pubescent to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent to pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old; secondary veins 8 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 5 to 15 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 10-16 mm long; pedicel 2-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent with appressed hairs; in fruit 10-20 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent with appressed hairs; bracts 2, all basal, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, yellow and red at the base, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 5-15 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, linear, apex rounded, base broad and concave, margins flat but strongly recurved inwards forming a tube, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-15 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow and red at the base, margins flat but strongly recurved inwards forming a tube, tomentose outside, tomentose with a glabrous at base inside; stamens 15 to 22, in 2 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 7 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 4 to 9, 10-20 mm long, 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, faintly ribbed, color when ripe not seen; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, 5-7 mm long, 5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A west and central African species, from Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, Central, East, North, South, South-West, and West regions. Habitat. A fairly common and widespread species; in secondary lowland premontane and montane rain forests, and in gallery forests occurring in the drier regions of the country, it is one of the few Annonaceae species (e.g. Monanthotaxis vulcanica; Xylopia africana) occurring above 2000 m in Cameroon. Altitude 400-2200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. medicine: water/sap/leaves used for liver, genital stimulant/depressants, pregnancy, antiaborifacients (as A. stenopetalus in Burkill 1985). Notes. Artabotrys velutinus is characterized by having leaf bases that are decurrent or acute, pubescent branches and petioles with appressed hairs and densely pubescent petals that are tightly recurved forming a tube. This latter character is also found in A. rufus, but in this species the pubescence is hirsute rather than appressed and the base of the leaves is rounded. Nevertheless, both species are very close morphologically. Artabotrys velutinus belongs to a large species complex of pubescent species with petals that are tightly recurved forming a tube. We synonymize here the name A. stenopetalus. Another species name that could also be synonym is the east African species A. monteiroae Oliv. (which would be the older name). More studies are needed across the range of these species to better define the limits of these taxa. The variety A. stenopetalus var. parviflorus is interesting. The type specimen (Le Testu 1964) appears to have a raised and grooved midrib on the upper side of the leaf blades (only seen as a scan on jstor), which is quite uncommon for African Annonaceae (Couvreur 2009), and the leaves are narrowly elliptic (versus elliptic for the type variety). The flowers however have the characteristic tubular petals. Pellegrin (1924, p. 7) only cites some minor differences such as smaller flowers, an acute leaf base (but this is also the case for the type variety) and petals that are adnate between them. We leave this name as a synonym of A. velutinus but further studies should be done to properly interpret the status of this variety name. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Mbibol 40 km W de Ngaoundéré, 7.32°N, 13.58°E, 12 June 1977, Fotius G. 2660 (P,YA); Près Tekel (60 km NNO de Bagodo), 6.78°N, 13.17°E, 21 July 1966, Letouzey R. 7481 (P,YA); Boko 14 km Sud-Ouest de Ngaoundéré, 7.25°N, 13.5°E, 06 August 1981, van der Zon A.P.M. 1122 (WAG,YA). Central Region: Pentes orientales du mont Yangba (1473 m) près Nyafianga (42 km NNE de Bafia), 5.13°N, 11.35°E, 09 September 1966, Letouzey R. 7826 (K,P,YA). East Region: 27 km ENE de Mopwo (village situé au km 22 route Yokadouma-Batouri), 3.67°N, 15.08°E, 06 June 1963, Letouzey R. 5248 (K,P,YA). North Region: Mango, 8.42°N, 13.25°E, 21 July 1974, Fotius G. 2144 (YA). South Region: Rives du Ntem près du confluent de la Kye 16 km ESE d’Ambam, 2.25°N, 11.34°E, 01 February 1970, Letouzey R. 10040 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 3 April 1897, Zenker G.A. 1222 (B,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 231 (P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Edip village to lake edip 2-3 km, 4.96°N, 9.65°E, 11 February 1998, Cheek M. 9143 (K,WAG,YA); Kodmin, 5°N, 9.7°E, 16 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 149 (K,YA); Bank of river Chide, 4.95°N, 9.72°E, 04 February 1998, Onana J.M. 523 (K,P,WAG,YA). West Region: Massif du Nkogam (2263 m) 25 km W de Foumban, 5.73°N, 10.67°E, 12 December 1974, Letouzey R. 13501 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 78-81, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Burkill, HM, 1985. The useful plants of West tropical Africa Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Pellegrin, F, 1924. La flore de Mayombe d'apres les recoltes de M. Georges Le Testu. Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie 26: 1 - 128"]}

Cleistopholis staudtii (Engl. & Diels) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901 Figs 22, 23; Map 3F ≡ Oxymitra staudtii Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 297, 1899. = Polyalthia (?) crassipes Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 477, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2454a, 1902: holotype B destroyed, lectotype here designated: P[01988941]; isolectotypes: MO[MO-2500050]; P[P01988940, P01988942]. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba], Staudt A. 957, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154076]; isotypes: BM[BM000546890]; K[K000105343]; LE[LE00012452] Description. Tree, 15-30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 9-17 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, obovate, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base rounded to acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below, midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 12-20 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 15-35 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, 1-2 mm long, 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to rounded, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 15-20 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, linear, apex acute, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 2-2.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, claw mm long, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 30 to 40, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, pubescent, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 22, ca. 1 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate to sessile, stipes when present to 10 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, 3 to 8 monocarps, 15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, striate, bumpy, constricted around seeds; seeds 1 to 3 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, 7-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present, in lowland rain forests in primary or secondary habitats. Altitude 50-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019h). Uses in Cameroon. construction: bark for building materials (Tessmann 1913). Notes. Easily distinguished from C. glauca and C. patens by its linear and acute outer petals, in contrast to short and rounded outer petals in the latter two. It is quite hard to distinguish these species based on sterile material alone. Specimens examined. Central Region: Ca 50 km NW of Eséka W of Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 25 November 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1342 (B,BR,C,DES,L,LD,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve, 3.65°N, 11.31°E, Service Forestier du Cameroun 32 (P). South Region: ca 15 km from Kribi 1 km S of Ebolowa road, 2.85°N, 10.01°E, 20 February 1970, Bos J.J. 6383 (P,WAG); Station de cacaoyer de N’koemvone 14 km On the road from Ebolowa to Ambam, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 02 February 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7947 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Près de Bella (45 km NE de Kribi), 3.25°N, 10.2°E, 25 January 1962, Letouzey R. 4149 (P,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2264 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2454 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2495 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4669 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4880 (L,P). South-West Region: Ekundu Kundu, 5.16°N, 8.874°E, 11 April 1996, Cable S. 1825 (K,YA); Kupe Mount Path to Kupe Rock, 4.75°N, 9.686°E, 24 November 1995, Cheek M. 7915 (K,P,WAG); Muanezum trail from Kupe village towards Daniel Ajang’s area 4.77°N, 9.708°E, 18 July 1996, Etuge M. 2884 (K,MO,P,WAG); Just outside Kupe village going north, 4.77°N, 9.688°E, 29 November 1999, Gosline W.G. 240 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, 05 December 1997, Kenfack D. 984 (MO,P,WAG); Environs of Kumba farmed land and scrub with scattered trees, 4.63°N, 9.433°E, 01 March 1984, Thomas D.W. 3271 (MO,WAG,YA).

Monanthotaxis vogelii (Hook. f.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 23, 1971 Map 9D ≡ Uvaria vogelii Hook.f., in Hooker Icon. Pl. 4: 767, 1848; Clathrospermum vogelii (Hook.f.) Benth., in Bentham & Hooker 29, 1862; Popowia vogelii (Hook.f.) Baill.; Adansonia 8: 324, 1868. = Popowia dalzielii Hutch., in Hutch. & Dalziel 55, 1927. Type. Nigeria. Benue State, Abinsi, Dalziel J.M. 712, 13 Sep 1972: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 208: K [K000198917, K000913659]; isolectotypes: BM[BM001125037]; MO [2 sheets]; P[P00362644, P00362645]. = Monanthotaxis angustifolia (Exell) Verdc., Kew Bull., 25(1): 21, 1971; Enneastemon angustifolius Exell, J. Bot. 75: 163, 1937. Type. Nigeria. Ogun State, Ijebu, Shasha Forest reserve, Richards P.W. 3469, 17 May 1935: holotype: BM[BM000547356, BM001125040, BM001125041]; isotype: MO[MO-1889425]. Type. Nigeria. Benue State; Abinsi, Dalziel, J.M. 712, 13 Sep 1972: holotype: K[K000198917, K000913659]; isotypes: BM[BM001125037]; MO [2 sheets]; P[P00362644, P00362645]. Description. Scandent shrub to liana, 3 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent with appressed reddish brown hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent with appressed reddish brown hairs, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 9.7-17.5 cm long, 2.5-5.6 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.5 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, chartaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent with appressed whitish hairs when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individual bisexual, inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 3(4) per inflorescence; pedicel 6-9(14) mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with appressed yellow-brown hairs; in fruit 7-13 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; upper bract soon falling ca. 2 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, broadly ovate to broadly triangular, apex acute to rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals partly covered in bud; outer petals 3, 2.4-3.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 2-2.7 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous and sparsely pubescent towards apex inside; stamens (8)9, in 1 row, 1 mm long, linear to oblong; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes 6, alternating with the stamens, glabrous; carpels free, 8 to 12, 2 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-4 mm long, ovary ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 9, 11-15 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, not moniliform, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, smooth, red when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Known from Ghana, Ivory Coast, Benin, Nigeria and just reaching into Cameroon; in Cameroon known from the South-West region. Habitat. An infrequent species in Cameroon known from a single collection; in gallery or swamp forests, savannah open woodland and open high forest. Growing in cracks of schist rocks, on rocky islands, on loamy soil and on black clay. Altitude ~800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis vogelii can be readily recognized among Cameroonian species by its obovate to oblanceolate leaves with a cuneate (or sometimes rounded) base, and secondary veins that form an acute angle with the primary vein. The monocarps are composed of a single seed (developing from a single ovule). The only specimen of this species from Cameroon was initially identified as M. angustifolia, however the name M. angustifolia was synonymized by Hoekstra et al. (2021). Indeed, the leaf shape was variable within M. angustifolia and intermediates exist with M. vogelii. Besides leaf shape, no other differences were found. Specimen examined. South-West Region: Mamfe Div on Cross river between Mamfe and the Nigerian boundary Abonando, 5.54°N, 9.07°E, 06 May 1902, Rudatis H. 54 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 239-240, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Hexalobus bussei Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 479, 1907 Fig. 30; Map 4E = Hexalobus megalophyllus Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 479, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2889, 1904: holotype: B[B100154197]; isotypes: BR[BR0000015306210]; COI[COI00033178]; F; G[G00011590]; HBG[HBG518920]; K[K000198935]; L[L-0049297]; M[M0089222]; MO[MO-2246481]; P[P00315838]; S[S12-22791]; US[00098767]; WAG[WAG0053629]; WRSL; WU[WU 0025867]; Z[Z-000000827]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Kribi, Busse W.C.O. 3216, 1904: holotype: B[B 10 0154198]. Description. Tree, 20-30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk slender, not fluted. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-7 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 15.5-36 cm long, 5.5-10 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cordate, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 12 to 17 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-12 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 10-13 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 5 to 6, several basal and two (sometimes fused) towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 3-9 mm long, 2-5 mm wide; upper bracts 6-13 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 16-20 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 2-5 mm long, purple, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal, lobes 23-40 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, pale yellow, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, plicate; stamens numerous, 7-8 mm long, elongated; connective elongated, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 7, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma elongate, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 4, 53-78 mm long, ca. 40 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, rugose, irregularly ribbed in reticulate pattern, orange when ripe; seeds 17 to 19 per monocarp, 23-28 mm long, 17-19 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species, in primary lowland rain forests, sometimes riverine. Altitude 0-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019l). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Hexalobus bussei is distinguished by its large leaf blades (15-36 cm long) and the irregularly ridged and strongly rugose surface of its monocarps. Specimens examined. South Region: S bank of Kienke river just E of Kribi, 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 12 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4495 (P,WAG); 21 km from Kribi high forest exploitation N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.05°E, 07 August 1969, Bos J.J. 5157 (BR,P,WAG,YA); ca 16 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3°N, 10.01°E, 19 September 1969, Bos J.J. 5370 (BR,C,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kribi, 2.95°N, 9.916°E, 01 September 1904, Busse W.C.O. 3216 (B); 31 km ESE Kribi N of Kienke River Nyabessan, 2.9°N, 10.16°E, 19 April 1968, Letouzey R. 9387 (P,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2889 (B,BR,COI,F,G,L,M,MO,P,S,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 26 October 1908, Zenker G.A. 3550 (BR,COI,G,M,MO,P,S); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1908, Zenker G.A. 3592 (G,K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3889 (BR,COI,G,K,L,M,MO,P,S); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4831 (BR,G,P,S)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 119-121, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Botermans, M, Sosef, MSM, Chatrou, LW, Couvreur, TLP, 2011. A revision of the African genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553108","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019l. Hexalobus bussei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132520196A132520522. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132520196A132520522.en"]}

Monanthotaxis submontana P.H.Hoekstra, Blumea 66 (1): 200, 2021 Fig. 69; Map 9B = Monanthotaxis cauliflora sensu Cheek et al. (2004): 238. Type. Cameroon. Littoral Region; Nlonako, Letouzey R.G. 14476, 17 Mar 1976: holotype: WAG[WAG0053953]; isotypes: MO[2 sheets]; P[P01982361]. Description. Liana, 6-10 m tall, d.b.h. up to 5 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches pubescent with short 0.1-0.2 mm long appressed to half-erect yellowish hairs. Leaves: petiole 6-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, weakly grooved adaxially, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.2-14.1 cm long, 2.1-3.5 cm wide, oblong to narrowly oblong or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1.5 cm long, base cuneate, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 18 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual [although fertile stamens can be absent leading to a female flower, thus possibly individuals gynodioecious], inflorescences cauliflorous, a condensed panicle with many flowers; peduncle up to ca. 70 mm, densely pubescent with appressed to erect reddish brown hairs; Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, pedicel 7-55 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with reddish hairs; in fruit 17-55 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; upper bract 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 3-2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, golden brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 3.6-5 mm long, 3.6-5.7 mm wide, broadly ovate to circular, apex obtuse, base truncate, golden green outside, yellowish inside, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 0.4-1.3 mm long, 0.3-1.1 mm wide, broadly elliptic to circular, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 0 to 2, in 1 row near the inner petals, ca. 1 mm long, clavate to oblong; connective reduced hidden by the thecae, pubescent; staminodes 0 to 14; carpels free, 65 to 85, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-14 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps up to 18, 23-45 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, smooth to slightly verrucose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, green when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 13-14 mm long, 6-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. In sub-montane or montane rain forests and swamp forests. Altitude 800-1700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis submontana is distinguished by its oblong to elliptic leaves with a cuneate base, cauliflorous inflorescences with a peduncle up to 70 mm long, flowering pedicels ranging from 7 to 55 mm long and flowers with 65 to 85 carpels. Specimens identified as Monanthotaxis cauliflora in Cheek et al. (2004) are in fact redetermined as M. submontana (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Nlonako Mt, 4.90°N, 9.943°E, 17 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14476 (MO,P,WAG). South-West Region: Ridge on S side of LOH Mt, 5°N, 9.683°E, 23 January 1998, Cheek M. 9067 (K,WAG,YA); Kodmin to Nzee Mbeng trail at N’dib river crossing, 5°N, 9.716°E, 14 February 1998, Cheek M. 9202 (K,WAG,YA); Bakossi Mountains 1-8 km NNE of Menyum Village, 5.05°N, 9.612°E, 22 May 1987, Doumenge C. 554 (MO,P); Nzimbeng road, 5.93°N, 9.716°E, 04 February 1998, Etuge M. 4122 (K,WAG,YA); Kodmin road towards Mahusom, 5°N, 9.683°E, 12 November 1998, Etuge M. 4442 (K,WAG,YA); Bakossi Mountains west of Bangem, 5.08°N, 9.7°E, 01 January 1986, Thomas D.W. 5274 (MO,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 232-235, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, Pollard, BJ, Darbyshire, I, Onana, JM, Wild, C, 2004. The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. A conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Kew, U.K.","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Xylopia paniculata Exell, J. Bot. 64 (Suppl.): 8, 1926 Map 18F Type. Angola. Cabinda; Belize, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 6988, no date: holotype: BM; isotypes: COI[COI00004886]; LISC[LISC000323, LISC000324, LISC000322, LISC000321] Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up 35 cm; stilt roots or small buttresses present. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent with loosely appressed hairs 0.4-0.9 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.2-11.5 cm long, 1.8-2.7 cm wide, narrowly oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-0.7 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, somewhat shiny above, slightly discolorous; midrib raised to slightly sunken, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 2-3 per axil, highly branched, 1-4.5 mm long, sometimes with a longer floriferous axis emerging from among the cluster of flowers in an axil. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, up to 32 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 23-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 1 or 2, at or above the middle of pedicel, 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, inner and outer whorl subequal; outer petals 3, 10-19.7 mm long, 2.3-3.6 mm wide at base, linear-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow-green with red base, densely pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9.7-13.1 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow-green with red base, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; stamens 120 to 130, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, narrowly oblong; connective apex capitate, glabrous; carpels 3 to 6, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, filiform, 2.5-2.7 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Monocarp stipitate, stipe 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarp 1, 56-85 mm long, 31-40 mm wide, obovoid to oblongoid, apex rounded, pubescent, longitudinally ridged and wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp carmine, red or pink-red; seeds 3 to 4 per monocarp, in a single row, 21-22 mm long, 16-17 mm wide, flattened ellipsoid; sarcotesta grayish blue or greenish blue in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. A sparsely distributed species from Cameroon to Angola (Cabinda); in Cameroon known from a single collection in the East region. Habitat. A very rare species in general; in primary rain forests. Altitude unknown, but probably lowland. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b c). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia paniculata is distinguished by its highly branched inflorescences with up to 32 flowers, a unique characteristic for African species. The monocarps and seeds are among the largest of any African Xylopia species. The specimen label of the single Cameroon specimen lists Baillonella toxisperma and Pentaclethra macrophylla as associated species. Specimen. East Region: A 23 km à l’Ouest de Maséa (village situé à 50 km au SSW de Yokadouma, 3.15°N, 14.87°E, 04 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5402 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}

Cleistopholis myristiciflora Diels & Mildbr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53(3-5): 439 (1915) Map 3D Type. Cameroon. South Region (?) or Equatorial Guinea. Río Muni; Campo-Gebiet; Bebao [i?], Weg nach Olonga [Manga?], Tessmann, G. 767, 6 Jan. 1909: holotype: B[B 10 0154074]. Description. Tree, to 19 m tall, d.b.h. to 16 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk brown. Indumentum of simple hairs (?); old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent (?). Leaves: petiole ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent (?), grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 8-12 cm long, ca. 4 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1.5 cm long, base cuneate, papyraceous, below pubescent when young (?), glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young (?), glabrous when old; secondary veins 10 to 13 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, axillary, peduncule generally absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 4 to 9 per inflorescence, pedicel 15-27 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent (?); in fruit ca. 20 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous (?); bracts not seen (soon falling?); sepals 3, valvate, free, 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, circular, apex rounded, base rounded, color unknown, pubescence not observed, margins flat; petals free; outer petals 3, valvate, 5-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, broadly elliptic to oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, color unknown, margins flat or wavy when dry, pubescence not observed; inner petals 3, imbricate (?), dimensions and shape not observed; stamens number not counted, row number not counted, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, pubescence not observed, color unknown; staminodes absent (?); carpels free, 10 to 15 (?, possibly more based on the number of monocarps counted), ovary ca. 1.5 mm long, stigma flat, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 49-50 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 17 to 18, 10-15 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous (?), bumpy; seeds not seen. Distribution. Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (?); if present in Cameroon then from South region. Habitat. A rare species, in primary submontane tierra firme forest. Altitude 750-850 m a.s.l. (altitude in Equatorial Guinea). Local and common names known in Cameroon. Akom (Equatorial Guinea) (Guinea López 1946). IUCN conservation status. No assessed, but probably CR. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Cleistopholis myristiciflora (initially known only from the type; Tessmann 767 (B, but see below)) was originally described as being from Cameroon (Diels 1915) with the type locality written as "Kamerun: Campo-Gebiet; Bebao[i?], Weg nach Olonga [Manga?]". This locality information, however, is also found on several other of Günther Tessmann (1884-1969) specimens (e.g. 779, 800), collected between end 1908 and early 1909 but are suggested to be from Equatorial Guinea rather than Cameroon. Tessmann is suggested to have collected around 700 specimens in Equatorial Guinea between the island of Bioko and mainland Río Muni (Fero 2013). Le Thomas (1969b) also suggested this species is from Equatorial Guinea and is cited in the check list of plants in "Ensayo geobotánico de la Guinea continental Española” (Guinea López 1946). It was however not cited in the "Les arbres de la Guinée Équatoriale” (Wilks et al. 2000). Fero indicates that they did not locate any specimens of this species in Equatorial Guinea in the herbaria of BATA, LISU, MA and WAG, but suggest it should be present (Fero 2013). In Tessmann’s book about the Pangwe culture (Tessmann 1913), the name "Bebai “Bébai” is found several times and is suggested to be at the border between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (page XXI). There is a map in the book (page 1) showing a village named Bébai, almost exactly on the border between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Thus, evidence for its presence in Cameroon is still doubtful with no recent collections in Cameroon but two recent ones from Equatorial Guinea (see below). We include it in our taxonomic treatment as tentatively occurring in Cameroon and provide a tentative coordinate for Bebai in the map of this species. The taxonomic affinities of this species were unclear for some time but suggested to be conspecific with either C. patens or C. staudtii. Le Thomas (1969b) notes that it has morphological characters of both C. patens (shape of the petals and number of carpels) and C. staudtii (leaf shape and venation), the later also suggested by Diels and Mildbrand (1915). Recently, we located two specimens collected from Monte Alén in Guinea Equatorial (Senterre & Obiang 2939, 3699, BRLU) which appear to belong to C. myristicifolia (identified as such by B. Senterre). The leaves match the description and the type specimen, especially the shape and the length of the petiole being shorter (ca. 3 mm) than in the other species (> 3 mm). One specimen (Senterre & Obiang 2939), is in fruit. This single fruit is morphologically quite different than those of the other species in Cleistopholis. It is partially described here for the first time. The main difference is the length and diameter of the stipes being much longer and thinner than those from the other three species (49-50 mm long and ca. 1 mm in diameter versus 1-30 mm and 2-3 m in diameter). The number of monocarps appears to be higher with 17 to 18 counted in Senterre & Obiang 2939, versus 3 to 8 in the other species. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that C. myristiciflora is indeed a distinct and valid species. In terms of its ecology, observations from Senterre & Obiang suggest it to occur in primary submontane rain forests, occurring on gentle slopes or top of small mountains. One specimen collected from southern coastal Gabon (Bergen 217 [WAG.1379499, WAG.1379500]) at 10 m a.s.l. was identified as C. myristiciflora by M. Fero. It is true that the inflorescences and flowers could potentially match, but the size of the tree (8 m) and leaves are different having a long petiole (> 3 mm). The ecology is also different than described above occurring along the coast on laterite soil. For now we do not consider this specimen as part of C. myristiciflora and Bergen 217 could potentially represent an undescribed Gabonese coastal species, as has been done recently in other Annonaceae genera such as Greenwayodendron littorale Lissambou, Dauby & Couvreur (Lissambou et al. 2018).

Neostenanthera myristicifolia (Oliv.) Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl.): 6, 1935 Figs 80, 81; Map 10E ≡ Oxymitra myristicifolia Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 33, 1868; Stenanthera myristicifolia (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 57, 1900. = Stenanthera pluriflora De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 1(1): 45, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bas Congo, Kisantu, Gillet J. 168, 1899: lectotype, designated by Boutique (1951b), p. 339, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008802712]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802040, BR0000008801715]. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Old Calabar, Thomson W.C. 134, no date: holotype: K[K000199047]. Description. Tree to shrub or scandent shrub, 3-5 m tall, d.b.h. 6-20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent, slightly grooved to cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.5-25.5 cm long, 3.7-9 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.2-1.8 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, papyraceous, below pubescent with short appressed straight hairs when young and old, above glabrous to pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 18 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous, on foliate or leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1)2 to 4 per inflorescence; peduncle 1-2 mm long, unbranched; pedicel 12-38 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 20-40 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bract 1, basal, 1-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-4 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to acuminate, base acute, brown-green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 6.5-29 mm long in total, 2-5(6) mm wide above the claw, narrowly triangular, apex attenuate, base suborbicular, basal part 4-6 mm wide, light green to light yellow, margins flat, pubescent to glabrous outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.4-10.9 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base broad and concave, 3-5 mm wide, margins flat, pubescent to glabrous outside, pubescent inside; stamens 135-156, in 4 to 5 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 67 to 109, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 17-23 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 15(22) to 48(60), 9-20 mm long, 6-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex shortly apiculate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, smooth, not ribbed, brown turning wine red when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, 4-18 mm long, 2-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Nigeria to Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, South-West and South West regions. Habitat. A common species across its range; in secondary forests and along roads and swampy areas. Altitude 300-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a d). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Neostenanthera myristicifolia is distinguishable by its fasciculate inflorescences (rarely solitary flowers), flowers and pedicels not tomentose and long stipitate monocarps. Specimens examined. Central Region: Between Somalomo and Milon 69 km SE Akonolinga, 3.77°N, 12.25°E, 18 June 1981, Asonganyi J.N. 310 (P,YA); NE of Ndangan I on logging trail into Mefou NP, 3.62°N, 11.59°E, 23 March 2004, Cheek M. 11965 (BR,K,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Méfou National Park just after Ape Action Africa center along road, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 24 April 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 422 (WAG,YA); Banlieu de Yaoundé au bord de l’étang Atemengue, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 14 April 1960, Endengle E. 116 (P,YA); Goura, 4.55°N, 11.4°E, 01 November 1938, Jacques-Félix H. 2340 (P); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 August 1939, Jacques-Félix H. 4803 (P); Kourou (Yoko), 5.03°N, 12.42°E, 10 July 1959, Letouzey R. 2373 (P,YA); Près de Mendong (25 km N Akonolinga), 3.77°N, 12.25°E, 07 March 1962, Letouzey R. 4486 (P,YA); Issandja (Ntui), 4.77°N, 11.77°E, 19 December 1969, Letouzey R. 9726 (P); Ngolep Mt, 4.95°N, 11.38°E, 27 April 1978, Ngameni B.K. 44 (P,YA); Près rivière Malo non loin de Ndikinimeki, 4.77°N, 10.83°E, 08 November 1983, Nkongmeneck B.A. 518 (P,YA); Mefou National Park, 3.61°N, 11.56°E, 27 March 2004, Onana J.M. 2870 (BR,G,K,YA); Ngoro (28 km NE Bafia Cameroun), 4.95°N, 11.38°E, 29 March 1963, Raynal A. 10569 (P,WAG,YA); Nkolbison (8 km W Yaoundé Cameroun), 3.88°N, 11.45°E, 10 February 1963, Raynal J. 9560 (P,YA). East Region: 7 km along road to Batouri and Bétaré Oya, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 16 March 1961, Breteler F.J. 1220 (A,BR,K,M,P,SL,UC,WAG,YA); Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 13 August 1961, Breteler F.J. 1799 (BR,K,P,WAG,YA); Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 08 November 1960, Breteler F.J. 644 (BR,K,P,WAG,YA); Doumé, 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 12 November 1960, Breteler F.J. 684 (BR,K,M,P,WAG,YA); Piste Mpoundou-Seglendon marécages, 4.1°N, 13.05°E, 16 February 1960, Letouzey R. 3021 (P,YA); Près Goyoum, 5.22°N, 13.38°E, 01 February 1961, Letouzey R. 3350 (P,YA); 70 km route Bertoua-Ndemba I, 4.75°N, 13.43°E, 18 July 1955, Nana P. 171 (P,YA); Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 27 August 1955, Nana P. 240 (P); route Esseleke, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 13 February 1956, Nana P. 474 (P); 8 km de Deng Deng, 5.23°N, 13.46°E, 10 February 2002, Sonké B. 2671 (BR,BRLU,K,WAG,YA). South Region: At Bissombo 59 km SE Akonolinga, 3.28°N, 12.47°E, 12 June 1981, Asonganyi J.N. 275 (YA); Biyi (Ambam), 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 12 February 1963, Raynal J. 9806 (P). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.33°N, 9.42°E, 18 September 1990, Harris D.J. 2516 (P,YA). West Region: Touladen en bas du versant oriental du Mbepit 15 km E Foumbot et 25 km SSW Foumban, 5.52°N, 10.78°E, 26 October 1974, Letouzey R. 13025 (P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 266-269, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Boutique, R, 1951b. Fam. 35. Annonaceae. In: Boutique R (Ed.) Flore du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. I.N.E.A.C., Brussels. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666813","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Piptostigma mortehanii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 383, 1914 Figs 90, 92; Map 11G = Piptostigma fouryi Pellegr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 75, 1950. Type. Cameroon. Central Region, Otottomo forest reserve, near Yaoundé, Foury P. 73, 1935: holotype: P[P00363302]. = Piptostigma mortehanii De Wild. var. Piptostigma mortehanii pilosa Sillans, Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 33: 554, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Oubangui, Région de Boukoko, Tisserant C. 2335, 9 Jan 1952: holotype: P[P00363279]; isotypes: P[P00363278, P00363280]. = Piptostigma longipilosum Mildb. & Diels ex. Engl. var. subnudum Tisserant, Not. syst. 15: 327, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Oubangui, Région de Boukoko, Tisserant C. 2335, 9 Jan 1952: holotype: P[P00363279]; isotypes: P[P00363278, P00363280]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur; Dundusana, Mortehan M.G. 626, Oct 1913: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008802118]; isotype: BR[BR0000008802798]. Description. Tree, 8-10 m tall, d.b.h. 18 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk funneled. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent to hirsute, hairs to 2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, hirsute, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 11.5-20.1 cm long, 3-12.5 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-0.6 cm long, base acute, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent to tomentose when young and old; secondary veins 24 to 34 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 18-30 mm long, axial internodes 10-105 mm long, lax to panicle-like, sympodial rachis 40-320 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-8 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 10-15 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 8-9 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous to pubescent, base glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-20 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, greenish yellow, margins wavy, pubescent outside, tomentose inside; stamens 40, in 6 to 7 rows, ca. 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 4 to 5, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 2, 18-23 mm long, ca. 18 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex mucronate or rounded, pubescent to tomentose, verrucose, irregularly ribbed, white pink turning wine red to dark sepia when ripe; seeds 2 to 8 per monocarp, ca. 12 mm long, ca. 15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, one specimen from Ghana and two from Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present; in lowland rain forest understory, often on inundated or swampy soils and along rivers. Altitude 30-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a n). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma mortehanii is easily distinguished by its densely pubescent or tomentose midrib and secondary veins on the lower side of the leaf blade, which sometimes has a brownish aspect like P. calophyllum. In some specimens, the hairs on the petiole and young foliate branches are long and hispid (i.e. the type specimen of Piptostigma fouryi), resembling P. longepilosum, but in the later species these hairs are significantly longer (1 mm vs. more than 4 mm). In addition, the leaf blade base of the latter is rounded while in P. mortehanii it is acute. Piptostigma mortehanii produces the longest inflorescences of the genus, which can be to up 2.7 m long with axial internodes up to 10.5 cm. However, this is quite variable within the species, and the inflorescence ranges from compact to panicle-like. Specimens examined. Central Region: Ottotomo Forest Reserve 3 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 436 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 45 km South of Yaoundé 5 km on path into reserve, 3.65°N, 11.32°E, 15 January 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 667 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 73 (P); Route vétère (Likouk-Likoundji), 3.48°N, 10.32°E, 14 January 1974, Mezili P. 250 (P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Ca 40 km NW of Eséka on the other border of Kele River W of Yaoundé, 3.82°N, 10.48°E, 13 December 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1476 (B,BR,MO,P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Boa, 4.62°N, 9.3°E, 03 May 1994, Ndam N. 1205 (K); Korup National Park, 4.98°N, 8.85°E, 01 April 1979, Thomas D.W. 1110 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 297-299, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Uvaria klaineana Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 294, 1899 Figs 110, 111; Map 14A ≡ Uva klaineana (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. = Uvaria klaineana var. chrysophylla Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Mém. 31: 60, 1949. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Moucongo, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 6337, 20 Oct 1926: lectotype, here designated: BM[BM000554053]; isolectotypes: EA[EA000002481, EA000002480]; MO[MO-247263]; LISC[LISC000398]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 235, 14 Sep 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00362663]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153078]; P[P00362707, P00362706, P00362710, P00362712, P00362714, P00362709, P00362708, P00362662]. Description. Scrambling shrub to liana, 3-20(30) m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose covered with minute stellate hairs, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 2-9 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse, base rounded to obtuse, subcoriaceous, below densely pubescent with short persistent stellate hairs covering the surface, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young, pubescent when old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate, indistinct. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 6-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bract 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, ca. 4 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, light brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-17.5 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat becoming revolute, pubescent outside, pubescent to glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 15-16 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat becoming revolute, pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent to glabrous inside; stamens 130 to 150, in 6 to 7 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, yellow to cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 100, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma flat, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 25-40 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, centrally inserted; monocarps 30 to 50, 12-18 mm long, 8-15 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, apex rounded, densely tomentose, verrucose, faintly-one ribbed, green when immature; seeds 8 to 10 per monocarp, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, known mainly from Gabon, but also from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria klaineana is distinguished by its small elliptic leaves (the smallest of Cameroonian species), that are strongly discolorous with an uniform indumentum of whitish stellate hairs on the lower side and weak secondary veins above. In Cameroon, this species is only known from a single collection in the Massif des Mamelles near Campo (Satabié 954 ). Specimen examined. South Region: Massif des Mamelles 25 km NE Campo Nyabessan, 2.57°N, 9.953°E, 01 January 1992, Satabié B. 954 (P,YA).

Artabotrys aurantiacus Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 300, 1899 Fig. 11; Map 2A = Artabotrys pynaertii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3(1): 78, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Eala, Pynaert L.A. 606, 15 Oct 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008809971]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008809964, BR0000008809988]; S[S07-13416]. = Artabotrys claessensii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 3: 262, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Orientale, Yangambi, Claessen, J. 725, Jul 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008809995]; isotype: BR[BR0000008809988]. Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Yaoundé, Zenker G.A. 690, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153007]; isotypes: BM[BM000546848]; COI[COI00004927]; P[P00363375, P00363376]; K[K000198859, K000198860]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent with short appressed hairs to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.5-10 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent with short appressed hairs when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; hook-shaped peduncle 15-20 mm long, sparsely pubescent; pedicel 7-10 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 7-13 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts all basal, minute; sepals 3, valvate, free, 3-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal, green turning red-orange; outer petals 3, 15-30 mm long, 4-9 mm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, apex attenuate, base broad and concave, white to light green, margins flat, tomentose outside, tomentose with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-30 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, linear to narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base broad and concave, white to light green, margins flat, tomentose outside, tomentose with a glabrous base inside; stamens 15 to 20, in 2 to 3 rows, 2-3 mm long, cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 8 to 10, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 4 to 6, 15-20 mm long, 7-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, red when ripe, not ribbed; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, 10-13 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Central, East, Littoral, South, South-West and West regions. Habitat. A common species across its range; in sub montane (sometimes lowland) secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude (100)500-1600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys aurantiacus is distinguished by its sparsely pubescent to glabrous branches and leaf blades (upper and lower sides), with leaves that are relatively small but wide (less than 10 cm and up to 6 cm wide) and oblong to elliptic in shape with a cuneate to rounded base. The flowers have narrowly elliptic petals and the monocarps are smooth, ellipsoid with a rounded apex. Specimens examined. Central Region: Badjob, 3.68°N, 10.68°E, 21 December 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1602 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); Bank Nyong River near the new bridge ca 65 km SSW of Eséka, 3.46°N, 10.5°E, 17 June 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2720 (WAG); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1896, Zenker G.A. 690 (B,K,P). East Region: Ebaka (Bertoua), 4.93°N, 13.32°E, 24 May 1961, Breteler F.J. 1429 (BR,K,M,P,WAG,YA); Ndo Riv (Bertoua), 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 12 December 1961, Breteler F.J. 2210 (BR,K,P,WAG,YA); Doumé Riv (Batouri), 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 15 April 1962, Breteler F.J. 2799 (K,P,WAG); Goyoum, 5.22°N, 13.38°E, 29 January 1961, Breteler F.J. 968 (A,BR,K,M,P,WAG); Nguélémendouka, 4.38°N, 12.92°E, 04 April 1962, de Bruijn J. s.n. (WAG[WAG0175010]); Rives du Dja près Ndongo à 40 km WNW de Moloundou, 2.15°N, 14.86°E, 18 March 1973, Letouzey R. 12141 (P,WAG,YA); Berge arbustive et broussailleuse du fleuve Sanaga au Nord de Goyoum, 5.24°N, 13.36°E, 29 January 1961, Letouzey R. 3309 (P,YA); Rives du Dja entre les rivières Meu et Edjune, 3.41°N, 13.33°E, 12 April 1961, Letouzey R. 3772 (P,YA); Rives de la Kadei entre Mindourou et Dongongo (40 km SSE de Batouri), 4.13°N, 14.60°E, 25 April 1962, Letouzey R. 4859 (P,YA); Betare Oya, 5.59°N, 14.08°E, Tisserant C. 3651 (P). Littoral Region: Manengouba mount base 4 km WNW Of Nkongsamba, 4.96°N, 9.883°E, 09 September 1971, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 8319 (B,BR,MO,P,U,WAG,YA). South Region: Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 13 August 1996, Elad M. 510 (WAG); Nyabesan, 2.4°N, 10.4°E, 05 March 1963, Raynal J. 10240 (P,YA). South-West Region: Likombe, 4.11°N, 9.183°E, 19 February 1995, Cable S. 1309 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Likombe, 4.11°N, 9.183°E, 19 February 1995, Cable S. 1310 (K,WAG,YA); Road to NLO Mt from Kodmin, 5°N, 9.683°E, 23 January 1998, Cheek M. 9063 (K,YA); Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 08 February 1995, Elad M. 132 (K,YA); Mt Cameroon south slope Transect 8, 4.07°N, 9.015°E, 16 November 1985, Gentry A.H. 52942 (MO,P); Nzee Mbeng trail from Ngomin to Nzee Mbeng, 5.83°N, 9.716°E, 10 February 1998, Gosline W.G. 99 (K,YA); Ndum, 4.83°N, 9.7°E, 31 January 1995, Groves M. 21 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 08 February 1995, Groves M. 77 (K,YA); South slope of mount north of Mt Etinde Forest, 4.08°N, 9.133°E, 20 March 1988, Nemba J. 953 (MO,P). West Region: Bali Ngemba grassland and forest patches northeast of Mantum, 5.82°N, 10.08°E, 12 April 2004, Etuge M. 5373 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Dschang, 5.45°N, 9.95°E, 01 May 1960, Jacques-Félix H. 5211 (K,P,WAG); Ngwenfon 35 km NW de Foumban, 5.72°N, 10.92°E, 11 December 1974, Letouzey R. 13495 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901 Figs 22, 23; Map 3E ≡ Oxymitra patens Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 472, 1862. = Cleistopholis brevipetala Exell, J. Bot. 70 (Suppl. 1): 208, 1932. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Gossweiler J. 6082, 31 Dec 1915: holotype: BM[BM000546899]; isotypes: COI[COI00004874]; LISC[LISC000068, LISC000071, LISC000069, LISC000070]. = Cleistopholis klaineana Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901, Cleistopholis patens var. klaineana Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France: 57, 1949.. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Libreville, Klaine T.J. 345, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154075]; isotypes: P[P00362660, P00362656]. = Cleistopholis lucens De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. i. 465, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu, entre Walikale et Lubutu, Bequaert J. 2774, 22 Fev 1922: holotype: BR[BR0000008820426]. = Cleistopholis pynaertii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 4: 387, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Eala, Pynaert L.A. 1083, 1 Fev 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820419]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008820761, BR0000008820754]. = Cleistopholis verschuereni De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 4: 387, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Manie Malela, Verschueren R. 358, Fev 1913: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820389]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820433]. Type. Sierra Leone. Northern Region; Bagroo River, Mann G. 828, Apr 1861: lectotype, sheet here designed: K[K000880416]; isotypes: K[K000880417]; P[P00362653]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 60 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)10-20 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.5-31 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, oblong to narrowly oblong or oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, coriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, shiny when dry, below glabrous when young and old, green, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 24 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young or old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 9 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-25 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 15-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, 1-2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 7-12 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, obovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 25 to 30, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, pubescent, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 10, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate (sometimes shortly so), stipes 3-12 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 6, 15-23 mm long, 11-25 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, glabrous, finely warty, constricted around seeds, bumpy; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 12 mm long, 8-9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. In West Africa, Senegal, Sierra Leone to Nigeria, and Central Africa from Cameroon to Uganda; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral, South-West and East regions. Habitat. A very common species, mainly growing as a pioneer species in disturbed areas and along rain forest margins. Altitude 0-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. avom, sobu (pygmée Bibaya) (Letouzey 1964). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019g). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: bark used as pain-killers, against pulmonary troubles; leaves as vermifuges, fabrifuges; construction: building materials, furniture; dyes and tannins: astringents, insecticides, arachnicides; products: fiber, pulp, wood fire, exudations-gums, resins, farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus, household, domestic and personal items, pastimes-carving, musical instruments; social: religion, superstitions, sayings, aphorisms. Notes. Cleistopholis patens closely resembles C. glauca by the shape and aspect of the flowers and the overall vegetative characters. However, both species differ by their inflorescences being pedunculate in C. glauca versus sessile, the leaves green below versus glaucous in C. glauca and the monocarps being bumpy and constricted around the seeds when dry versus to smooth and not bumpy when dry in C. glauca. Specimens examined. Central Region: Avome, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 13 August 1945, Aubréville A. 41 (P). East Region: 76 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1202 (MPU,WAG,YA); Dja Reserve, 3.17°N, 13.18°E, 07 October 1994, Fogiel M.K. 947 (P); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.51°E, 01 July 1939, Jacques-Félix H. 4630 (P,WAG); Rives de la Boumba à 14 km à l’WSW de Kinsassa village situé à 65 km au NNE de Moloundou sur route de Yokadouma 2.58°N, 15.26°E, 07 March 1971, Letouzey R. 10523 (P,YA). Littoral Region: km 19 Loum-Yabassi 3 km N of Solé, 4.61°N, 9.8°E, 30 December 1971, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9032 (YA,WAG). South-West Region: Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, 4.55°N, 9.433°E, 15 June 1960, Adebusuyi J.K. 44049 (WAG); S Bakundu Forest 3 km from Kindongi Camp (8 km from road), 4.49°N, 9.374°E, 02 May 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9785 (B,BR,C,K,M,MO,P,WAG,YA); 2 km W of km 21 Kumba-Victoria road, 4.46°N, 9.483°E, 04 May 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9828 (B,BR,C,K,LD,M,MO,P,WAG,YA); Bibundi, 4.21°N, 8.988°E, 08 November 1928, Mildbraed G.W.J. 10640 (K); Korup National Park, 4.88°N, 8.783°E, 22 July 1983, Thomas D.W. 2329 (MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria), 4.01°N, 9.133°E, 25 October 1997, van der Burgt X.M. 219 (KRIBI,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Letouzey, R, 1964. Denominations pygmees de quelques arbres et arbustes forestiers camerounais. Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquee 11: 347 - 383, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1964.2784","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019g. Cleistopholis patens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T61984634A61984636. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61984634A61984636.en"]}

Uvaria obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban: 1, 1913 Fig. 113; Map 14D ≡ Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr. Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a(2): 139, 1959. = Uvaria marginata Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53. 437, 1915. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, Johann Albrechtshöhe, Büsgen M. 191 , 1 Dec 1908: holotype: B[B 10 0153104]. Type. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Oban, Talbot P.A. 1603, 1912: lectotype, sheet here designated: K[K000198779]; isotypes: BM[BM000554066]; K[K000198780, K000198781]. Description. Liana, 3-10 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple or fasciculate hairs, but overall glabrous; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent becoming quickly glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-26 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, oblong, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, coriaceous, below very sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; 1 to 3(9) per inflorescence; pedicel 6-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ovate to semiorbicular, apex obtuse, base truncate, green, tomentose outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 20-30 mm long, 17-25 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 20-30 mm long, 17-25 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base unguiculate, green to light yellow, margins flat, tomentose outside, glabrous inside; stamens 120 to 150, in 8 to 10 rows, 2-3 mm long, oblong to cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 15 to 20, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, monocarps possibly 5 to ca. 8 (but only one seen in McPherson 15524 (LBV)), ca. 40 mm long, ca. 25 mm in diameter, glabrescent to glabrous, ellipsoid, apex rounded, smooth, green when ripe; seeds not seen. Distribution. Known from Nigeria to Cameroon, and more recently from Gabon (see below); in Cameroon known from South and South West regions. Habitat. A fairly rare species in Cameroon; in lowland secondary or primary rain forests. Altitude 0-300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria obanensis belongs to a group of species that are almost glabrous on the branches and leaves. It is characterized by its large and shiny (in herbarium material) oblong coriaceous leaves with few secondary veins (less than 13) and a broadly cordate base. The flowers have free sepals not enclosing the petals in bud. The monocarps are sessile, a character only found in one other Uvaria species from Cameroon. U. scabrida. Uvaria obanensis closely resembles U. cabrae De Wild from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the shape and size of its leaves with a cordate leaf base and being overall glabrous, but differs in its monocarps which are stipitate, ribbed and densely pubescent brown in the latter (versus sessile, smooth and glabrescent to glabrous in U. obanensis). We recently collected Uvaria obanensis in Gabon (near Koulamoutou, Ogooué-Lolo, Couvreur 1098), extending its distribution range south of the equator. The monocarps are here described for the first time (but we did not see the seeds) based on a collection from Gabon (McPherson 15524 (LBV)). Specimens examined. South Region: 9 km N of Kribi, 3°N, 9.933°E, 30 October 1969, Bos J.J. 5555 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 24 February 1997, Elad M. 564 (KRIBI,WAG). South-West Region: Ekombe-Mofako Mokoko Forest Reserve, 4.47°N, 9.092°E, 23 April 1994, Acworth J.M. 182 (K,YA); Kumba, 4.63°N, 9.433°E, 01 December 1908, Büsgen M. 191 (B, K); West bank of the Onge River, 4.28°N, 8.966°E, 07 November 1993, Thomas D.W. 9802 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Monanthotaxis congoensis Baill., Bull. Soc. Linn, Paris 2: 879, 1890 Figs 49, 50; Map 6H Type. Gabon. no region; Ogooué, Thollon F.-R. 813, Jul 1887: lectotype, chosen by Le Thomas (1969b), p. 258: P[P00362762, P00362763, P00362766]; isolectotypes: K[K000198992]; MA[MA630761, MA698356]; WAG[WAG0003586, WAG0003587]. Description. Shrub to liana, 2-5 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with appressed pale brown hairs 0.7-1.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-ca. 8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 7.5-25 cm long, 1.9-6 cm wide, oblong to oblanceolate or elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1.5 cm long, base cuneate to cordate, papyraceous, below densely pubescent with appressed silky white hairs when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 16 pairs, pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, terminal or leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 4 to 10 per inflorescence, in 6-13 cm long racemes; pedicel up to ca. 12 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit same as in flower; basal bract 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 1-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, 6, in one whorl, 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, green to light yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 6, in 1 row, opposite with the petals, ca. 1 mm long, obconic; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, ca. 1 mm long; carpels free, 15 to 21, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma bilobed, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps up to 4, 12-15 mm long, 9-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to subglobose, apex rounded, densely pubescent, smooth, dull orange to red when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp; 8-9 mm long, 7-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, in Cameroon and Gabon; in Cameroon known from the Littoral, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A uncommon species when present, in primary and old secondary rain forest, periodically inundated rain forests, gallery forests or forest edges, on rocky soil. Altitude 50-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis congoensis is distinguished by its densely pubescent lower leaf surface with appressed silky white hairs and its raceme-like inflorescences. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On east trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 626 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Etinde Upper Boando footpath to west of village, 4.05°N, 9.15°E, 06 December 1993, Cable S. 404 (K); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.501°E, 26 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1018 (WAG,YA); on trail leading to top of Mt Etinde after Ekonjo village, 4.06°N, 9.151°E, 01 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1025 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 05 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 939 (K,YA); Banyang-mbo Sanctuary, 5.35°N, 9.541°E, 02 December 2000, Gosline W.G. 300 (K); district Buea Upper Boando, 4.03°N, 9.106°E, 27 March 1992, Kwangue A.T. 22 (K,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 180-182, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Hexalobus crispiflorus A. Rich., Sagra, Hist. phys. Cuba, Bot. Pl. vasc. 1: 43, 1845 Figs 31, 32; Map 4F = Hexalobus grandiflorus Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 468, 1862. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, "Ambas Bay", Mann G. 709, 1861: lectotype, here designated, sheet here designated: K[K000582047]; isolectotypes: GH n.v.; K[K000105530, K000105529]; P[P00315844, P00315845]. = Hexalobus grandiflorus Benth. var. inaequilaterifolius Engl., Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 57, 1901. Type. Republic of Congo: Cuvette, "Bonga, Sanga", Schlechter F.R.R. 12685, Aug 1899: holotype: B n.v.; isotypes: BR[BR0000006915513]; WRSL n.v. = Hexalobus lujae De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 4: 389, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kasai-Oriental, Sankuru, Luja E.P. s.n., Jun 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800336]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008800008, BR0000008799906]. = Hexalobus crispiflorus A.Rich. subsp. strigulosus R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 71, 1930. Type. Cameroon. no location, Deistel H. 99, no date: holotype: B[B 10 0184706]; isotypes: B[B 10 0184707, B 10 0184708, B 10 0184706, B 10 0184709, B 10 0184710, B 10 0184711]; GH; M[M0089315, M0089316]; P[P00486245]. = Hexalobus mbula Exell, J. Bot. 70, suppl. Polypet.: 206, 1932. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Buco Zau, Fazenda Alsyra, Gossweiler J. 6939, 20 Jan 1917: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 41: BM n.v.; isolectotypes: COI[COI00077206]; LISC[LISC000086, LISC000089, LISC000085, LISC000088, LISC000087]. Type. Guinea. Labé; Fouta D’hiallon [Djallon], Heudelot, J. 865, Apr 1838: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00315839]; isotypes: P[P00315842, P00486270, P00315841]; G[G00011589]. Description. Tree, 25-40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk deeply fluted. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7.2-25 cm long, 2.5-8.5 cm wide, ovate to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to cordate, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 19 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 12-25 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 10-30 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 5 to 6, several basal and two (sometimes fused) towards the upper half of the pedicel, basal bracts 3-9 mm long, 2-5 mm wide; upper bracts 8-12 mm long, 4-9 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 12-21 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 4-10 mm long, purple, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, sub equal; lobes 37-80 mm long, 6-21 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, green to bright yellow, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent with glabrous base inside, plicate; stamens 190 to 210, in 10 to 13 rows, 3-5 mm long, elongated; connective hemispheric, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 7 to 16, ovary 2-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 8, (42)50-95 mm long, 35-65 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong, apex rounded, pubescent to glabrous, smooth, not ribbed, rusty-brown; seeds 12 to 36 per monocarp, 28-40 mm long, 17-20 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, known from Guinea-Bissau to the Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species across the forested region of the country; in lowland or premontane periodically or non-inundated, primary or secondary rain forests, including gallery forests in savanna. Altitude 0-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. évota, pota (dial. Bibaya, baka), owé (dial. Ewondo, Letouzey 4433); Ow (dial. Bulu, Ndoum 129); Owoe (South Province, Mildbraed 5652); Pota (dial. Bambindjere?, Harris, Fay 516, 558, 883, 1518). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019m). Uses in Cameroon. dyes and tannins: lycosides, saponims, steroids. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Hexalobus crispiflorus is morphologically close to H. salicifolius, both being tall trees with deeply fluted trunks, similar flowers and growing in similar habitats. Hexalobus crispiflorus is however distinguished by its larger leaves (7.2-25 cm versus 5-10 cm long), more numerous carpels (7 to 16 versus 2 to 4 in H. salicifolius) and smooth monocarps (versus verrucose in H. salicifolius). Specimens examined. Central Region: Ndanan 2 to Mefou river, 3.62°N, 11.56°E, 13 October 2002, Cheek M. 11064 (K,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 1 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 446 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 3 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 08 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 506 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 45 km South of Yaoundé 5 km on path into reserve, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 15 January 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 666 (WAG,YA). East Region: 73 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.71°E, 04 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1197 (MPU,WAG,YA); Sangha R (Ndakan), 2.78°N, 16°E, 08 March 1988, Fay J.M. 8299 (F,MO,P); West side of Sangha River, 2.35°N, 16.13°E, 01 November 1988, Harris D.J. 1518 (K,MO); West side of Sangha River, 2.35°N, 16.13°E, 02 August 1988, Harris D.J. 883 (MO,P); Rives de la Sangha près Lidjombo 120 km au N de Ouesso, 2.61°N, 16°E, 08 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10614 (P,YA); A 15 km au Sud de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo dur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 25 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4433 (P,YA); South Cameroon Forest Area Molundu District Bange forest between Lokomo Bumba and Bange, 2.83°N, 15.25°E, 22 February 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4539 (HBG); South Cameroon Forest Area Molundu District between Yokadouma (Post Plehn) and Assobam, 3.4°N, 14.38°E, 21 April 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4996 (HBG); Réserve de Biosphère du Dja vers 500 m de la station de Bouamir, 3.19°N, 12.81°E, 27 May 2001, Senterre B. 1641 (BR); Layon nord-sud à partir de Djolimpoun (entre Somalomo-Malen), 3.33°N, 12.87°E, 13 September 1993, Sonké B. 591 (YA). Littoral Region: km 11 Loum-Solé road, 4.7°N, 9.816°E, 24 May 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9904 (K,MO,WAG,YA). South Region: Hill roughly between Nkolandom and Nkoemvone, 2.8°N, 11.16°E, 17 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7909 (B,BR,C,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Ebolowa, 2.91°N, 11.31°E, 01 June 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5652 (HBG); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 24 September 1996, Ndoum D. 129 (KRIBI,WAG); Kribi, 2.92°N, 9.900°E, 01 October 1997, van der Burgt X.M. 232 (KRIBI,WAG); Bisyang, 2.98°N, 9.968°E, 04 June 2006, van Velzen R. 90 (BR,G,MO,WAG). South-West Region: Melon to Nyandon ca 2 km, 4.93°N, 9.533°E, 28 November 1998, Cheek M. 9716 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.701°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1062 (WAG,YA); Ambas Bay, 4.01°N, 9.2°E, 1861, Mann G. 709 (GH,K,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 121-125, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Botermans, M, Sosef, MSM, Chatrou, LW, Couvreur, TLP, 2011. A revision of the African genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553108","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019m. Hexalobus crispiflorus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132520218A132520527. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132520218A132520527.en"]}

Uvariopsis dicaprio Cheek & Gosline, PeerJ 9(e12614): 8, 2022 Fig. 132; Map 16B = Uvariopsis ebo Cheek & Gosline, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.26.437154; nom. nud. Type. Cameroon. Littoral Region, Yabassi, Ebo Forest, Dicam Trail 2000 m from Bekob camp, MacKinnon L.E. 51, 25 March 2008; holotype K [K001381842]; isotypes MO, YA. Description. Tree, 3-4 m tall, d.b.h. 2-3 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4(5) mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 17-20(-23) cm long, 6-8 cm wide, oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm long, broadly acute but minutely cordate, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 5 to 8(9) pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual [?, female flowers unknown], monoecious [?]; male inflorescences cauliflorous, scattered along the trunk. Male flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, narrowly ovoid to pyramidal in bud; 1 to 7 per inflorescence borne on a short peduncle; pedicel ca. 18-25 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrescent to glabrous; bracts (1)2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, similar in size, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, free, ca. 1-1.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, semi-orbicular, apex acute, base truncate, glabrous, margins flat; petals free, 4 in one whorl, 14-16 mm long, ca. 5-9 mm wide, lanceolate-oblong, apex rounded, base truncate, yellow-green, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens ca. 300 in ca. 10 whorls, ca. 0.5 mm long; connective absent; staminodes absent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon; known from the Littoral region. Habitat. A rare species only known by the type, in submontane primary rain forests. Altitude 850 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not officially evaluated, but suggested as CR B1+2ab(iii), D (Gosline et al. 2022). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis dicaprio is only known by the type specimen. It is distinguished from the other species by its flowers with yellow-green petals., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 417-419, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Gosline, G, Cheek, M, Onana, JM, Tchatchouang, EN, Burgt, XM van der, MacKinnon, L, Dagallier, L-PMJ, 2022. Uvariopsis dicaprio (Annonaceae) a new tree species with notes on its pollination biology, and the Critically Endangered narrowly endemic plant species of the Ebo Forest, Cameroon. PeerJ 9: e12614. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12614"]}

Greenwayodendron Verdc., Adansonia sér. 2, 9: 89, 1969 ≡ Polyalthia sect. Afropolyalthia Engler & Prantl., Leipzig, W. Engelmann.160, 1897. Type species. Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. Description. Trees, 7-45 m tall, d.b.h. 3-125 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, blade 6.5-16.2 cm long, 2-6.7 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate to caudate, base cuneate to rounded, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 5 to 18 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals androdioecious; male and bisexual inflorescences similar in appearance, ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-6 mm long; in fruit 6-13 mm long; bracts 2, one basal and one upper, 1-2 mm long; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-4 mm long, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate; petals free; outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, valvate, 8-18 mm long, 2.3-2.6 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, base rounded; inner petals 3, valvate, 8-18 mm long, 1.3-2.6 mm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base rounded; stamens 15 to 25, in 4 to 5 rows, ovary 1-2 mm long, elongated; connective tongue-shaped, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 10 to 20, 1-2 mm long, stigma ovoid, pubescent. Fruits apocarpous, monocarps stipitate, stipes 5-10 mm long, monocarps 2 to 8, 8-21 mm long, 7-21 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, smooth, green turning wine red when ripe; seed 1 to 4, 3-13 mm long, 3-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of six currently described species distributed across Africa. Two species are known from Cameroon, none endemic. Onana (2011) mentions Greenwayodendron oliveri (Engl.) Verdc. from Cameroon, but this is not confirmed here. The latter species is a West African endemic (Lissambou et al. 2018); several specimens from coastal Gabon previously identified as G. oliveri are now separated as a different species: G. littorale Lissambou, Dauby & Couvreur (Lissambou et al. 2018, 2019). Neither species is known from Cameroon to date. Taxonomy. Lissambou et al. (2018)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 110, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Onana, JM, 2011. The vascular plants of Cameroon: A taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments. Flore du Cameroun 39. Herbier National du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon","Lissambou, B-J, Hardy, OJ, Atteke, C, Stevart, T, Dauby, G, Mbatchi, B, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2018. Taxonomic revision of the African genus Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae). PhytoKeys 114: 55 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.27395","Lissambou, B-J, Couvreur, TLP, Atteke, C, Stevart, T, Pineiro, R, Dauby, G, Monthe, FK, Ikabanga, DU, Sonke, B, M'batchi, B, Hardy, OJ, 2019. Species delimitation in the genus Greenwayodendron based on morphological and genetic markers reveals new species. TAXON 68: 442 - 454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12064"]}

Uvariopsis etugeana Dagallier & Couvreur sp. nov. Map 16D Diagnosis. Uvariopsis etugeana resembles U. peduculosa in being a small tree and in the shape of its leaves, but differs by having a short flowering pedicel (4-10 mm versus 25-130 mm in U. pedunculosa) and glabrous petals on the outside (versus pubescent in both U. pedunculosa). Type. Cameroon. North-West Region; Wum, Letouzey R. 13414, 3 Dec 1974: holotype: P[P01982826]. Description. Tree, 3-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches slightly pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 19-27 cm long, 7-9.5 cm wide, elliptic, apex attenuate to acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base acute to slightly decurrent, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious, dimorphic; inflorescences cauliflorous and ramiflorous on leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls; 1 to 3 per inflorescence. Male flowers: pedicel ca. 8 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, glabrescent to glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle or lower half of pedicel, basal bract minute, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract 1-1.5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, ca. 2 mm long, ca 4. mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute or rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, 4 in one whorl, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, color unknown, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous (exact number unknown), ca. 0.5 mm long; connective minute, glabrous; staminodes absent. Female flowers: pedicel ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrescent to glabrous; in fruit unknown; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle or lower half of pedicel, basal bract minute, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 1.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute or rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, 4, in one whorl, ca. 14 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, color unknown, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; sterile stamens, ca. 5, ca. 1 mm long; carpels free, ca. 20, ovary ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, stigma unknown, glabrescent at base to glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon, only known from two localities in North-West and South-West Regions. Habitat. A rare species, only known from two collections to date; in mature rain forests or semi-deciduous forests. Altitude 170-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Etymology. Named in honor of the late Martin Etuge Ekwoge (1966-2020), a passionate Cameroonian horticulturalist, botanist and parataxonomist from Nyassosso village, South-West Cameroon. He was one of the main collectors for the 'Plants of Mount Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains’ (Cheek et al. 2004). For a total of 14,538 specimens recorded in the Kew database for Bakossi, 3,170 were collected by him (Cheek et al. 2020) including over 652 (that we have seen) specimens of Annonaceae (representing 28 species). Notes. Uvariopsis etugeana resembles U. pedunculosa in the shape of its leaves, and U. solheidii in the shape of its flowers. However, U. etugeana has a short flowering male or female pedicel (U. pedunculosa and 22-160 mm in U. solheidii) and petals which are glabrous on the outside versus pubescent in both U. pedunculosa and U. solheidii. Specimen examined. South-West Region: Takamanda forest reserve near Matene, 6.23°N, 9.316°E, 21 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4544 (MO,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 422-424, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, Pollard, BJ, Darbyshire, I, Onana, JM, Wild, C, 2004. The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. A conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Kew, U.K.","Cheek, M, Tchiengue, B, Baldwin, I, 2020. Notes on the plants of Bakossi, Cameroon, and the new Cola etugei and Cola kodminensis (Sterculiaceae s. str.). Plant Ecology and Evolution 153: 108 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1662"]}

Uvariastrum Engl., Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 31, 1901 Type species. Uvariastrum pierreanum Engl. & Diels. Description. Trees or shrubs, 4-30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; blade 6-22 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, elliptic or obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.7-2 cm long, base subcordate to decurrent to rounded to cuneate, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 7 to 17 pairs, arching well before the margin; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous, or ramiflorous young foliate branches and axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-50 mm long; in fruit 10-50 mm long; bracts 1 to 3, all basal; sepals 3, reduplicate-valvate, free, 10-25 mm long, apex acute, base truncate; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, valvate, 20-40 mm long, 5-15 mm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate or narrowed; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-28 mm long, 6-15 mm wide, ovate or elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate; stamens numerous (not counted), 2-6 mm long, linear; connective elongated to discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 5 to 16, 2-6 mm long, stigma bilobed or capitate. Monocarps stipitate or sessile, stipes 1-6 mm long; monocarps 2 to 8, 30-100 mm long, 10-50 mm in diameter, globose or ellipsoid, apex apiculate or acute to rounded; seeds 16 to 27, 10-25 mm long, 7-15 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of five species from West and Central Africa; one species adapted to the drier regions in southern Central Africa (U. hexaloboides (R.E.Fr.) R.E.Fr.); in Cameroon three species, none endemic. Taxonomy. Couvreur (2014)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 374, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2014. Revision of the African genus Uvariastrum (Annonaceae). PhytoKeys 33: 1 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.5907"]}

Monodora tenuifolia Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 72, 1860 Figs 76, 77; Map 10B = Monodora cabrae De Wild., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 40: 64 1902. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tchoa, Cabra A.F.F. 2, Dec 1896: holotype: BR[BR0000008801722]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802385; BR000000880205]. Type. Nigeria. Lagos State; Eppah, Barter C. 3298, no date: holotype: K[K000199032]. Description. Tree, 10-20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 60 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-7 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-21 cm long, 2-7.5 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 15 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 25-75 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 30-70 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half of pedicel, 55-65 mm long, 10-30 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 10-35 mm long, 4-16 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to attenuate, base truncate, green with red-brown markings, pubescent towards margins outside, pubescent towards margins inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 30-90 mm long, 25-30 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to rounded, base truncate, yellow-greenish, streaked with red-brown, base shading into bright white, margins wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-35 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, cochleate, with two small oblong and pubescent lateral appendages around mid-height, apex acute to rounded, base narrowed into a claw 1 mm long, green to white streaked with red brown, margins flat, pubescent towards margins on both sides; receptacle convex to flat; stamens 286 to 337, in 10 to 13 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, pubescent, white; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 2-3 mm long, stigma bilobed, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, 45-75 mm long, 20-30 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, covered with a greyish wax when young, faintly ribbed, green when ripe; seeds 12-17 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species across West and central Africa, from Guinee-Bissau to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from Central, East, Littoral, South or South-West regions. Habitat. A common species with a wide ecological amplitude, in evergreen primary and secondary rain forests, gallery forests, and disturbed and deciduous forests, sometimes in gallery forest (Benin), on sandy soils. Altitude 0-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Orchid tree, African nutmeg (English) (Burkill 1985). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monodora tenuifolia is characterized by unique cochleate inner petals with two small oblong hairy appendages at the middle. The young fruits are covered by a greyish wax. Specimens examined. Central Region: Etwa 125 km NO Jaunde, 4.63°N, 12.3°E, 01 February 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8301 (K). East Region: 60 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.07°N, 14.65°E, 07 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1218 (MPU,WAG,YA); 69 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.07°N, 14.64°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1233 (MPU,WAG,YA); Somalomo, 3.33°N, 12.75°E, 17 March 2017, Kamdem N. 483 (YA). Littoral Region: Piste Sole-Koum 20 km NW de Yabassi, 4.52°N, 9.773°E, 14 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14426 (P,YA). South Region: ca 8 km W of Bipindi 59 km from Kribi near Madoungou, 3.06°N, 10.33°E, 16 February 1970, Bos J.J. 6365 (B,BR,L,L,M,MO,P,WAG,YA); N´Koemvone, 2.8°N, 11.13°E, 13 December 1974, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7836 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Nkoemvone, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 03 July 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8399 (WAG); Près Mekomo (8 km SW confluent Dja & Lobo), 3.21°N, 12.36°E, 19 March 1962, Letouzey R. 4578 (P,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1899, Zenker G.A. 1938 (A,B,BM,BR,G,K,L,P,S,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2251 (A,B,BM,G,K,L,P,S,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2727 (BM,BR,K,L,M,P,S,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1908, Zenker G.A. 3793 (G,K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1912, Zenker G.A. 4317 (B,BM,BR,G,K,L,MO,P,S). South-West Region: between 200-600 m alt above Bakingili, 4.08°N, 9.05°E, 21 December 1993, Cheek M. 5840 (K,YA); West of Kola, 4.83°N, 9.733°E, 27 October 1998, Cheek M. 9399 (K,WAG,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.503°E, 26 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1019 (WAG,YA); A 11 km au Sud Est de Molobo (village situé à 50 km au Sud de Batouri), 4.02°N, 14.32°E, 21 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5459 (P,YA); Ambas Bay (Victoria NDLR), 4.01°N, 9.226°E, 1861, Mann G. 111 (K); Around Masaka-Batanga, 5.1°N, 9.17°E, 24 March 1988, Thomas D.W. 7750 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 256-259, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Burkill, HM, 1985. The useful plants of West tropical Africa Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969a. A propos d'un Artabotrys meconnu du Cameroun. Adansonia ser. 2 9: 11-15."]}

Xylopia aurantiiodora De Wild. & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. Sér. 2, 1(1): 4, 1899 Map 17D ≡ Artabotrys aurantiiodorus (De Wild. & Th. Durand) Engl., Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 76, 1901. = Xylopia bequaertii De Wild. Pl. Bequaert. 1: 469 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tshopo, Kisangani, Bequaert J.C.C. 6994, 27 Feb 1915: holotype: BR. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur; Coquilhatville[= Mbandaka], Dewèvre A.P. 660 , 24 Jan 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008824691]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008824271, BR0000008824271]. Description. Tree to shrub, 2-10 m tall, d.b.h. 30 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6.3-11.1 cm long, 2.5-4.7 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, occasionally oblanceolate, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate and decurrent, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, tan-colored below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, below glabrous when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 10 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 1.5-2 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; in fruit 7-10 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2 to 3, basal and towards the upper half of pedicel, all similar, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, slightly imbricate at base, free, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, triangular, apex apiculate, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 8.9-12 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm wide at base, ligulate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards center inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9.3-11.2 mm long, 1.2-2.3 mm wide at base, narrowly oblong, apex obtuse, base broad and concave with a pronounced internal tooth overhanging the concavity and fleshy glandlike margins, light yellow to greenish yellow, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 40 to 60, in 5 to 6 rows, ca. 2 mm long, oblong; connective apex capitate, glabrous; carpels 3 to 5, ovary 1 mm long, stigmas slightly separate, narrowly oblong, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 6-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 3, 33-65 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, narrowly oblong, sometimes falciform, strongly torulose, apex with an acute beak up to 5 mm long, glabrous, wrinkled or striate when dried, green outside, endocarp color unknown; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, in a single row, 13-21 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ellipsoid, pointed at one end; sarcotesta absent; aril present, fimbriate, extending over the length of the seed, membranous, smooth, red to orange-brown when dried. Distribution. From southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East region. Habitat. An uncommon species; in riparian forest, on riverbanks, and in inundated rain forests. Altitude 0-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019h). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia aurantiiodora and X. quintasii have short blunt petals and fimbriate orange-red arils. Xylopia aurantiiodora differs in its smaller stature, the prominent tooth on the inside of the inner petal base, striate monocarps with an acute beak, and larger pointed seeds. The tooth of the inner petal is especially useful for identification, because it appears early in petal development and is visible even in young buds. The two species also occupy different habitats, with X. aurantiiodora in riparian forests and X. quintasii usually in upland forests. Specimens examined. East Region: West bank of Sangha River opposite Ndakan camp and 2 km S, 2.35°N, 16.13°E, 12 February 1989, Harris D.J. 1846 (MO); Sangha R, 2.78°N, 16°E, 22 May 1988, Harris D.J. 752 (P); Mbekou près Moloundou, 2.05°N, 15.22°E, 01 January 1959, Letouzey R. 1374 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 452-453, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019h. Xylopia aurantiiodora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T137021883A149067983. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T137017018A149068646.en"]}

Sphaerocoryne gracilipes (Benth.) X.Guo & R.M.K.Saunders, Taxon 66(1): 15, 2017 Figs 99, 100; Map 12G ≡ Oxymitra gracilipes Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 471-472, 1862; Cleistopholis gracilipes (Benth.) Engl. & Diels, Engler in Monogr. Afrik. PflanzenFam. 6: 34, 1901; Richella gracilipes (Benth.) R.E.Fr., Engler & Prantl in Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a(2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia gracilipes (Benth.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. = Unona albida Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 297, 1899; Cleistopholis albida (Engl.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 34, 1901; Oxymitra albida (Engl.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916: 153-154. 1916; Richella albida (Engl.) R.E.Fr. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a(2): 139. 1959; Friesodielsia albida (Engl.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 358. 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipinde, Zenker G.A. 1715, 1898: Lectotype, designated by Guo et al. 2017, p. 15: B[B 10 0153057]; isolectotypes: B[B 10 0153058]; BM[BM000547065, BM000843987]; BR[BR000008800121]; E[E00181435]; G[G00308362]; HBG[HBG-502539]; K[K000198947]; L[L 0187107]; M[M-0107909]; NY[NY0026308]; P[P00363331, P00363333]; S; U[U 0269929 (wood sample)]; US; WAG[WAG0061084]; WU[WU025877]. = Cleistopholis albida var. longipedicellata Baker f., in Rendle & al., Cat. Pl. Oban: 3-4, 1913; Oxymitra longipedicellata (Baker f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916: 154, 1916; Richella longipedicellata (Baker f.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a(2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia longipedicellata (Baker f.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 360, 1964. Type. Nigeria, Oban, Talbot P.A.1677, 1912: Lectotype, designated by Guo et al. (2017b), p. 15: BM n.v.; isolectotype: BM n.v. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Bioko, Fernando Po, Mann G. 251, 1860: holotype: K[K000198951]. Description. Liana, 2-15 m tall, d.b.h. 1-3 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, drying black, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole up to 5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.5-17 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base acute (rarely cordate), papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 7 per inflorescence; pedicel 25-50 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 25-40 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the upper half of pedicel, bracts ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, semiorbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, inside pubescent towards margins but otherwise glabrous, margins flat; petals free, valvate, outer petals larger than inner; outer petals 3, 5-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, cream to white, margins flat, glabrous outside, inside pubescent towards margins but otherwise glabrous; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, ovate to oblong, apex acute, base truncate, cream to bright white, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 60 to 80, in 8 to 9 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, white; staminodes absent; carpels free, 10 to 12, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma filiform, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 10 to 14, 25-30 mm long, 8-13 mm in diameter, oblong, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, sometimes with a prominent rib when dried, red when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 20-25 mm long, 7-10 mm in diameter, oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Nigeria to Gabon and Equatorial Guinea; in Cameroon known from the Littoral, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species, in lowland or submontane primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not assessed yet. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Sphaerocoryne gracilipes is distinguished by its glaucous (light green) lower side of leaf blades, glabrous branches (or sparsely pubescent when very young), leaves and petioles, branches drying black, long pedicellate flowers (25-50 mm long) with bright white petals, and moniliform fruits. This species (and the genus) is easily confused when sterile with Monanthotaxis, both being lianas with a glaucous lower leaf surface and moniliform monocarps. However, Monanthotaxis has percurrent tertiary venation versus reticulate in Sphaerocoryne (Guo et al. 2017b). For the same reason as above, Sphaerocoryne is also very close morphologically to Afroguatteria discostigma both being lianas with glaucous lower leaf surface and reticulate tertiary venation, but Sphaerocoryne has axillary inflorescences while Afroguatteria has terminal ones (Guo et al. 2017b). The four liana genera Afroguatteria, Monanthotaxis, Sphaerocoryne and Toussaintia are phylogenetically close (Guo et al. 2017b) but remain separate on morphological grounds. In the check list to the plants of Mt Kupe and Bakossi (Cheek et al. 2004), the fruiting collection Cable 3526 (K) is cited as " Monanthotaxis sp. nov. " but is identified here as Sphaerocoryne gracilipes. The only major difference with the rest of the material is that this specimen has cordate leaf bases, when all other specimens we have seen have acute leaf bases. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djashaka trail, 4.35°N, 10.24°E, 13 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 617 (WAG,YA); Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On transect 5, 4.33°N, 10.23°E, 16 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 633 (WAG,YA). South Region: N bank of Lobé river above Gr Batanga ferry ca. 9 km S of Kribi, 2.87°N, 9.893°E, 14 October 1968, Bos J.J. 3077 (P,WAG,YA); ca 9 km S of Kribi Lobe R bank E of Gr Batanga ferry, 2.86°N, 9.9°E, 11 January 1969, Bos J.J. 3602 (P,WAG,YA); Lobé R mouth 7 km S of Kribi, 2.88°N, 9.9°E, 20 March 1969, Bos J.J. 4180 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); 10 km From Kribi Lolodorf road, 2.96°N, 9.966°E, 27 May 1969, Bos J.J. 4655 (BR,P,WAG); Ndoumalé 11 km S of Kribi, 2.86°N, 9.9°E, 29 August 1969, Bos J.J. 5264 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Bibabimvoto, 2.28°N, 9.950°E, 16 August 2002, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3400 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.28°N, 9.866°E, 02 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4095 (KRIBI,U,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1715 (E,L,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 May 1913, Zenker G.A. 360 (U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 April 1914, Zenker G.A. 516 (U,WAG). South-West Region: Nyasoso, 4.84°N, 9.689°E, 02 July 1996, Cable S. 3526 (K,WAG,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.501°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1001 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.090°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1043 (WAG,YA); Buea area at Bolifamba, 4.13°N, 9.303°E, 01 March 1929, Maitland T.D. 536 (K,K,YA); Sousi Forest, 6.36°N, 10.61°E, 16 February 2006, Onana J.M. 3612 (K); Disturbed forest Bomana and Koto II, 4.3°N, 9.05°E, 26 April 1996, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1372 (K,YA); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.85°E, 10 March 1986, Thomas D.W. 5727 (MO); Korup National Park, 5.33°N, 8.95°E, 25 May 1988, Thomas D.W. 7858 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 321-324, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Guo, X, Hoekstra, PH, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, Saunders, RM, 2017b. Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae. Taxon 66: 3 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/661.1","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cheek, M, Pollard, BJ, Darbyshire, I, Onana, JM, Wild, C, 2004. The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. A conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Kew, U.K."]}

Monanthotaxis bicornis (Boutique) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 31, 1971 Map 6D ≡ Popowia bicornis Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 115. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale; Yamboa, Louis J.L.P. 8957, 21 Apr 1938: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 129: BR[BR0000008805386]; isolectotypes: BR[BR6102005255172, BR0000008805379]; K[K000913657]; P[P00362792]. Description. Liana, 30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent with lenticels, young foliate branches yellow-brown, with dense appressed yellow-brown hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-12 cm long, 1.9-3.5 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, base cuneate, papyraceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 15-60 mm long, 0.3-0.6 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; upper bract 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 1 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, densely pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 4-6.7 mm long, 4.6-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow to white, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 2.5-2.8 mm long, 2.2-3 mm wide, rhombic, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow to white, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; stamens 15 to 17, in 1 row, ca. 1 mm long, oblong; connective truncate, glabrous, thecae converging apically; staminodes absent; carpels free, 6 to 9, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma deeply bilobed, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. A central African species, known from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species only known by two collections in Cameroon, in swamp and secondary rain forests. Altitude: 100-650 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis bicornis is distinguished by the branches and petioles with appressed yellow-brown hairs, the cuneate leaf base, 15 to 17 stamens in one whorl and the thecae (pollen sacs) converging apically. Converging thecae are also found in M. pellegrinii but this latter species has ascending reddish brown hairs. Specimens examined. South Region: Route minière E of Mt Elephant ca 20 km SE of Kribi, 2.78°N, 10.01°E, 07 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6735 (BR,K,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Oveng (Sangmelima), 3.09°N, 11.90°E, 22 March 1962, Breteler F.J. 2692 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Anonidium mannii Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 56, 1900 Figs 9, 10; Map 1I ≡ Annona mannii Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. vol. 11: 7-8, 1867. = Uvaria crassipetala Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 292, 1899. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, Station Johann-Albrechtshohe, Staudt A. 813, no date: holotype B destroyed, lectotype, here designated: PH[PH28648]. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Old Calabar, Mann G. 2231, 1863: lectotype, sheet here designated: K[K000198881]; isotypes: B[B100153003]; K[K000198882]; P[P00363249]. Description. Tree, 8-30 m tall, d.b.h. 30-80 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 20-45 cm long, 7-18 cm wide, obovate to oblong-elliptic, apex rounded to abruptly acuminate, acumen 2-3 cm long, base rounded to shortly attenuate generally covering part of the petiole, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 10 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate, indistinct. Individuals androdioecious; inflorescences cauliflorous or on old leafless branches, axillary; peduncle 0.3-4 m long, up to 2-3 cm in diameter towards the base, woody, hanging, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 10 to 20 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences similar; pedicel 10-85 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 25-100 mm long, 10-20 mm in diameter, woody, glabrous; bracts 2-4, several basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, basal bracts 7-12 mm long, 7-12 mm wide; upper bract 10-12 mm long, 12-25 mm wide, clasping the pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 15-22 mm long, 17-20 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 25-50 mm long, 20-40 mm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acute or rounded, base truncate, yellow to green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 12-35 mm long, 15-25 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, base attenuate to truncate, yellow-green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens in male flowers: numerous on a conical receptacle, 4-4.5 mm long, oblong, connective truncate, sparsely pubescent, green to cream-yellow; stamens in hermaphrodite flowers: 65 to 100, in 3-4 rows, 2-2.5 mm long, oblong; connective truncate, sparsely pubescent, green to cream - yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 180-210, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, 250-500 mm long, 100-300 mm in diameter; individual monocarps 150 to 180, sessile, completely fused between them; apex shortly pyramidal, glabrous, smooth, glossy, yellow at maturity with white pulp; seed 1, 30-50 mm long, 17-30 mm in diameter, flattened to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from southeastern Nigeria to the Republic of Congo, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West and West regions. Habitat. A widespread and very common species across its range; in evergreen or semi-deciduous primary, old or young secondary, lowland or premontane rain forests. Altitude: 0-1600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. mbé, nbwé, ombé (dial. Bagali, Baka), ébom, ében, ébon ntangan (dial. Ewondo, Hochuli 4). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019a). Uses in Cameroon. Food: fruit is eaten; medicine: bark used against arthritis, rheumatism, stomach troubles, diarrho dysentery, menstrual cycle, antidotes, paralysis, epilepsy, convulsions, spasms; social: religion, superstitions, magic. Notes. Anonidium mannii is easily recognizable by its characteristic large leaf blades with a slightly cordate base covering part of the petiole, its long and woody inflorescences hanging from the trunk or old leafless branches and its syncarpous fruits up to 50 cm long and 30 cm large. It is morphologically close to A. brieyi but differs mainly by the wider inner and outer petals, and slightly smaller leaf blades and individuals being androdioecious (see notes under A. brieyi). Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Eastern sector of M’fou Nat Park Footpath running E of bridge SE of Ndanan 1, 3.61°N, 11.58°E, 22 October 2002, Cheek M. 11248 (K,YA); near Otele, 3.43°N, 11.14°E, 25 February 2007, Couvreur T.L.P. 106 (WAG,YA); Mont Mbam Minkon on trail 3 km from Nkol Nyada village, 3.96°N, 11.40°E, 21 March 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 415 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve on top of small hill in front of reserve house, 3.65°N, 11.29°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 452 (WAG,YA); on trail to Oveng Lodge hotel near parking just behind the village of Oveng 30 km on road from Mbalmayo to Sangmeli 3.41°N, 11.70°E, 09 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 609 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest reserve 7 km north-west from Ngoumou 30 km south west from Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 February 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 987 (WAG,YA); SSW of M’Balmayo, 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 27 February 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1968 (B,B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Mbam-Minkom Village de Nkolniada, 3.96°N, 11.40°E, 26 July 2012, Droissart V. 1416 (MO); Nanga Eboko, 4.68°N, 12.36°E, 17 February 1927, Hédin L. 36 (P); Mbam Minkom, 3.96°N, 11.36°E, 19 September 2013, Kamdem N. 142 (YA); Nkila, 4.68°N, 12.37°E, 12 March 1959, Letouzey R. 1547 (P,YA); Ekom, 3.85°N, 11.7°E, 16 February 1947, Letouzey R. 194 (P). East Region: Toungrélo, 4.33°N, 13.53°E, 09 January 1962, Breteler F.J. 2454 (K,P,WAG); 81 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.17°N, 14.69°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1207 (MPU,WAG,YA); Somalomo, 3.32°N, 12.71°E, 18 March 2016, Kamdem N. 415 (YA); Lomié, 3.11°N, 13.58°E, 01 December 2016, Kamdem N. 454 (YA). Littoral Region: Nkam, 4.35°N, 10.67°E, 13 June 1927, Hédin L. 1337 (P). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.48°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 696 (WAG,YA); 17 km On the newly reconstructed road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2.75°N, 11.25°E, 29 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7930 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.25°N, 10.49°E, 05 September 2015, Droissart V. 2158 (BRLU); Essam, 4.68°N, 12.37°E, 13 February 1959, Letouzey R. 1276 (P); Essam (Nanga Eboko), 4.68°N, 12.37°E, 14 February 1959, Letouzey R. 1385 (P); Campo-Ma’an area Nsengou, 2.18°N, 10.58°E, 05 February 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3129 (KRIBI,WAG). South-West Region: Colline de Bokwa 42 km SE Mamfe, 5.71°N, 9.643°E, 07 December 1986, Achoundong G. 1325 (YA); Nyasoso, 4.86°N, 9.7°E, 03 June 1996, Cable S. 2801 (K,YA); Nature trail, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 15 January 1995, Cheek M. 6009 (K,WAG); Kupe Mount, 4.82°N, 9.683°E, 20 November 1995, Cheek M. 7896 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso village at base of My Kupe forest reserve along nature trail, 4.82°N, 9.686°E, 04 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1053b (WAG,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.08°N, 9.1°E, 29 December 1983, Thomas D.W. 2850 (MO,WAG). West Region: Près Bandounga à 40 km au NW de Ndikinimeki, 4.98°N, 10.55°E, 12 February 1972, Letouzey R. 11202 (P,YA).

Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Figs 58, 59; Map 8B ≡ Unona hirsuta Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 469, 1862; Oxymitra hirsuta (Benth.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 155, 1916; Richella hirsuta (Benth.) R.E.Fr., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a(2): 139, 1959. = Uvaria caillei A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 49, 1927. Type. Guinea. Mamou, Timbou, Kouria, Chevalier A.J.B. 14817, 28 Nov 1905: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 165: P[P00363329]; isolectotypes: G[G00308375]; L[L.1765233]; P[P00363319, P00363320, P01954813]. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Bioko Norte; Fernando Poo, Mann G. 559, 1860: holotype: K[K000198950]; isotypes: P[P00363313; P00363314]. Description. Shrub to liana, up to 3 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with erect reddish brown 1.2-1.7 mm long hairs. Leaves: petiole 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.3-28.5 cm long, 4.9-7.5 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-2 cm long, base cordate or subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below pubescent when young and old, above densely pubescent with yellowish hairs when young, sparsely pubescent with yellowish hairs to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs when young, sparsely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs when old, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 9 to 23 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-12 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with yellow erect hairs; in fruit 13-31 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; upper bract ca. 5 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 6-9 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 21-50 mm long, 9-17 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, red to cream, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-25 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, linear to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens 100 to 120, in 4 to 5 rows, 1-2 mm long, cylindrical to obconic; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 22 to 24, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-11 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 9, 23-52 mm long, 9-13 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, pubescent, densely pubescent with erect hairs, slightly constricted around seeds when more than 1, orange when ripe; seeds 1 to 3, 17-27 mm long, 9-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly west African species from Guinea to Ivory Coast, and eastern Nigeria to Equatorial Guinea; in Cameroon known from the Central, Littoral, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species in Cameroon; in primary and secondary rain forest, in swamp forests, gallery forests. Altitude 50-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis hirsuta is distinguished by its branches and petioles with long (> 1 mm) erect reddish brown hairs and when in flower by its long petals (> 20 mm) and its monocarps with dense long erect hairs. This species is morphologically close to M. enghiana and M. velutina (the latter not present in Cameroon), but the former generally has narrowly obovate or oblanceolate leaves with a narrow subcordate base and acuminate leaf apex, while the latter generally has more obovate leaves with a broader subcordate base and obtuse to acute leaf apex. Throughout its range, M. hirsuta is quite variable when sterile (Hoekstra et al. 2021) and can be hard to distinguish from M. enghiana. In Cameroon, however, M. hirsuta has broadly oblong or obovate leaves versus narrowly obovate leaves in M. enghiana. Specimens examined. Central Region: Chantier forestier au sud de Song Bong, 3.41°N, 10.5°E, 08 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1381 (BR,P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.39°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1175 (K,MPU,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 212-213, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}