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El objetivo del presente documento es enmarcar al enfoque de agroecosistemas, con perspectivas autopoiéticas, en alguna corriente que le corresponda considerando que muchos de los trabajos realizados bajo el enfoque de agroecosistemas carecen de un marco de este tipo y con ausencia teórica. Con base en esa aseveración, es deseable que los investigadores que estudian fenómenos complejos posean nociones epistemológicas para ubicar su posición académica y, con base en ello las bases teóricas de dichos trabajos. Esto ayudaría sin duda a identificar las diferencias y similitudes de las diversas posturas epistémicas, haciendo coherentes los trabajos que se planean realizar. El enfoque de agroecosistemas, está ubicado dentro de la línea galileana; la cual, a través de la historia, ha tenido como objetivos: el control y dominio de la naturaleza, en un intento por maximizar las ganancias. El conocimiento de las diferentes posturas epistémicas puede llevarnos a reflexionar sobre las bondades, o lo contrario, de la corriente galileana, pero también de la aristotélica, con la opción de complementar ambas corrientes, en la búsqueda de ser un mejor ser humano y lograr una mejor sociedad.

The support that couples provide to women during the climacteric is essential for a less complex transition. One of the factors that could influence is the knowledge they have about the physical, psychological and social manifestations, hence the importance of this study, from which it is based on a proposal about nursing educational intervention programs. Objective of this study: To analyze the correlation between the knowledge and support provided by couples of women during the climacteric. Methodology: Quantitative, correlational and transversal research. The sample includes 100 participants, a couple of women aged 45 to 59 years old. The instrument was a questionnaire validated by experts, where a reliability of .758 was obtained. The application was by google.doc (https://goo.gl/forms/xJykXtbxiFGNS5yq2). The results are: the level of knowledge among the couples of women was regular to deficient 82%; The level of support was 49% among deficient and regular. Significant statistical correlation was found (p≥0.05) with Chi2 test. Conclusion The level of knowledge is deficient in the couples of women during climacteric and only half of it, provide support, which supports nursing educational interventions climacteric social support, women, couples

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Os relaxantes neuromusculares sao essenciais durante a anestesia geral para varios procedimentos. A literatura classica de anestesiologia indica que o uso de bloqueio neuromuscular em cirurgia toracica pode ser prejudicial em pacientes posicionados em decubito lateral com ventilacao seletiva. O objetivo primario deste estudo foi comparar a funcao respiratoria de acordo com o grau de relaxamento neuromuscular do paciente. O objetivo secundario foi verificar que o bloqueio neuromuscular durante a ventilacao seletiva nao e prejudicial. Metodos Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal no qual cada paciente serviu como proprio controle. Foram incluidos 76 pacientes consecutivos, agendados para cirurgia de resseccao do pulmao no Hospital Gregorio Maranon ao longo de 2013, submetidos a ventilacao seletiva em decubito lateral. Os dados do ventilador e os parâmetros hemodinâmicos foram registrados em diferentes momentos de acordo com a resposta por sequencia de quatro estimulos (bloqueio intenso, profundo e moderado) durante a ventilacao seletiva. Resultados As pressoes de pico, plato e media foram significativamente menores durante os bloqueios intenso e profundo. Alem disso, complacencia e saturacao periferica de oxigenio foram significativamente maiores nesses momentos. A frequencia cardiaca foi significativamente maior durante o bloqueio profundo. Nao houve alteracao dos parâmetros da ventilacao mecânica durante as mensuracoes. Conclusoes O bloqueio neuromuscular profundo atenua a mecânica pulmonar deficiente observada durante a ventilacao seletiva.

HIV/AIDS remains a major public health problem despite the efforts to prevent and decrease its spread. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents 70% of the global number of people living with HIV and 73% of all HIV/AIDS-related deaths. Young adults age 15-24 years are disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS in SSA with 34% of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and 37% of newly diagnosed individuals being in this age group. It is important that PLWHIV be linked to care to facilitate antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and limit the spread of infection. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify effective interventions designed to improve linkage to care among HIV-infected young adults in SSA. One hundred and forty-six titles and abstracts were screened, 28 full-texts were reviewed, and 6 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Home-based HIV counseling and testing, home-based HIV self-testing, and mobile HIV counseling and testing followed by proper referral of HIV-positive patients to HIV care were effective for improving linkage of young adults to care. Other factors such as referral forms, transportation allowance, home initiation of HIV care, and volunteer escort to the HIV treatment clinic were effective in reducing time to linkage to care. There is a vast need for research and interventions that target HIV-positive young adults in SSA which aim to improve their linkage and access to HIV care. The results of this study illustrate effective interventions in improving linkage to care and reducing time to linkage to care of young adults in SSA.

Pulmonary carcinoids are relatively rare neuroendocrine neoplasms, accounting for only 1-2% of malignant thoracic tumours. We describe our experience in the management and follow-up of such an infrequent tumour, with special emphasis on possible problems that might arise.We present a descriptive retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with carcinoid tumour between January 2013 and January 2018. Demographic, histological and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Survival was recorded. SPSS version 21 was used for the statistical analysis.42 patients with an average age of 66.26 years were included. The mean period of follow-up was 60 months and the average survival 59.12 months. The only statistically significant factor related to an improved survival time was tumour stage at diagnosis.Carcinoid tumours are infrequent, which makes the objective collecting of data difficult. For this reason, we hope that the present study will contribute to a better understanding of their evolution.

Assessment for thoracic surgery in frail elderly patients requires careful evaluation to individualize the morbidity and mortality risk for each patient, and it is essential a meticulous approach that identifies modifiable conditions that can be optimized to improve the outcomes of high-risk patients. The Modified Frailty Index has been identified as an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality in a cohort of patients submitted to thoracic surgery. Another circumstance, which could affect postoperative recovery, is the use of chemo and/or radiotherapy preoperative (neoadjuvant therapy). Lung impairment due to chemotherapy can range from acute toxicity to subclinical modifications and a decrease in DLCO has been described.

Compliance is particularly challenging in International Law and extremely puzzling in International Human Rights. Although a large amount of research has endeavored to explain the process of incorporation, execution, and compliance of certain paradigmatic judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), only a few quantitative and multidisciplinary approaches to compliance have been developed. This paper contributes to this effort by describing and explaining the current state of compliance of the judgments of the IACtHR. The first section provides a general overview of the literature related to compliance with the judgments of the IACtHR, including theories such as realism, liberalism, institutionalism, and constructivism. The second section introduces the Inter-American System of Human Rights, the different and particular remedies that have been developed by the Court throughout its case-law, and a set of descriptive data about the work in the IACtHR. Finally, the third section develops a quantitative model for testing the compliance of judgments of the IACtHR according to the different International Relations theories.

The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexity of the socio-environmental phenomena that occur in this unit of study. This analysis required the revision of up-to-date scientific literature regarding the main theoretical approaches used in recent decades on the homegarden, as well as the principles that support the Luhmannian theory in question. In this way, a theoretical assembly between families was designed as a social system and a homegarden agroecosystem, whose relevance lies in exposing the subjectivity that implies the understanding of a phenomenon from first order observation carried out by the family and the second order observation that carried out by the researcher. Consequently, the second-order observer (the researcher) recognizes the existence of an immanent blind spot and the influence that his epistemic framework has on the analysis of the results of his research and what this implies in the dissemination and use of the knowledge generated. Topical issue in the design of government strategies focused on strengthening the homegarden as a key element in the economy and family well-being in rural contexts.

This paper presents the 2019 edition of the NEGES task, Negation in Spanish, held on September 24 as part of the evaluation forum IberLEF in the 35th International Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing. In this edition, two sub-tasks were proposed: Sub-task A: “Negation cues detection” and Sub-task B: “Role of negation in sentiment analysis”. The dataset used for both sub-tasks was the SFU ReviewSP-NEG corpus. About 13 teams showed interest in the task and 5 teams finally submitted results.

This paper presents the 2019 edition of the NEGES task, Negation in Spanish, held on September 24 as part of the evaluation forum IberLEF in the 35th International Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing. In this edition, two sub-tasks were proposed: Sub-task A: “Negation cues detection” and Sub-task B: “Role of negation in sentiment analysis”. The dataset used for both sub-tasks was the SFU ReviewSP-NEG corpus. About 13 teams showed interest in the task and 5 teams finally submitted results.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the 80-85% of the lung cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the paradigm of NSCLC treatment; however, it also induces de novo DNA hyper methylation that is associated with gene expression regulation. We have previously reported that the loss of IGFBP-3 expression by promoter hypermethylation results in reduced NSCLC cells sensitivity to cisplatin. Liquid biopsy has gained increasing attention in recent years, as it is a convenient and minimally invasive alternative to interrogate tumor free DNA (ctDNA). Objective: To study the correlation between the IGFBP-3 gene promoter methylation levels in ctDNA and paired tumor tissues from NSCLC patients at advanced stages. Methods: 66 FFPE/plasma prospective paired samples from stages III-IV NSCLC patients have been collected in a prospective study at Hospital La Paz, together with the associated clinical history. ctDNA and tumor tissue DNA was isolated and bisulfite modified. Methylation levels at IGFBP3-promoter was assessed by qMSP following the next equation: Cmeth = 100/[1+2(CTCG - CTTG)]. A validation cohort of 56 retrospective samples from national biobanks was included. Results: Our first result indicate that mIGFBP-3 assessment in DNA from tumor tissue is an indicator of a worse prognosis, since 75% of patients with stages IIIC/IV present hipermethylated levels in comparison with 25% of patients in stages IIIA/IIIB, (p = 0.035). When analyzing the ctDNA, we found that 87% of patients with mIGFBP-3 progress to the disease (p=0.001), although those patients with mIGFP-3 ≤ 35.5%, present a higher Overall Survival (OS) (p=0.026). In terms of therapy response we observed that those patients with methylation levels in tissue ≤ P75 (74.7%) have a greater survival when they receive QT vs QT + RT (n = 35) (p=0.364; HR = 0.514), in fact, 80% of patients receiving only QT are still alive at 365 days versus those receiving QT + RT. Merged data including the validation cohort reached the statistical significance (p=0.042). We also found a reduced in the risk of death by 82.2% (p=0.01) and 85.9% (p=0.002) respectively, in the patients that following a specific RECITS criteria (patients who progress or have stable disease), presented mIGFBP3 levels in tissue ≤ P50 ( 12,2 %) and in ctDNA ≤ P75 (15,6%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that mIGFBP-3 is a good prognostic biomarker in patients with NSCLC at advanced stages in both, tissue and circulating tumor DNA. Furthermore, its presence in liquid biopsy may be useful as a biomarker for bad prognosis. In summary, methylation status of IGFBP3 may provide a useful clinical tool for deciding on a concomitant radiotherapy applied in both, tissue and in liquid biopsy. This tool also provides a non-invasive and novel approach for the monitoring of NSCLC patients to support the use of the RECIST criteria in order to indicate continuity in QT treatment. Citation Format: Olga Pernía, Rocío Rosas, Julia Jiménez, Itsaso Losantos, Isabel Esteban, Patricia Cruz Castellanos, Oliver Higuera, Tatiana Juste, Olga Vera Puente, Ángel Diaz Lagares, Javier de Castro, Inmaculada ibañez de Caceres. Role of mIGFBP-3 in the clinical monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer patients at advanced stages [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2095.

El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los impactos económicos, ambientales y de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, ocasionados por la ausencia de toma de conciencia en las organizaciones. Este artículo es el inicio de una serie de escritos que profundizarán sobre la toma de conciencia, su impacto en las organizaciones, cómo se evalúa, qué acciones preventivas y correctivas debe tomar la organización en busca de la mejora continua, entre otros. La limitación en la realización de este artículo consistió en la escasa bibliografía en el tema propuesto. Las consecuencias de los accidentes de trabajo afectan no solo al trabajador sino también una pérdida económica importante para la comunidad,por esta causa es necesario determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen para que estos se presenten. Casos de estudio y experiencias prácticas han demostrado que la frecuencia y la gravedad de los accidentes dependen de los peligros inherentes al trabajo y a factores físicos, fisiológicos y psicológicos propios del trabajador, lo que lleva a concluir que en gran medida las lesiones son producidas por falta de conciencia de los mismos trabajadores (OIT, 2015). Debido al panorama anterior se evidencia la importancia de la toma de conciencia para el desarrollo económico y social del país; desde el punto de vista ambiental, calidad y de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, las acciones de las organizaciones pueden ocasionar riesgos al trabajador, su familia, la sociedad y el medio ambiente, aumentando la susceptibilidad a la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales peligrosos, pérdidas económicas o situaciones de riesgo que posteriormente se materialicen en desastres. Dada la importancia de la toma de conciencia las normas técnicas NTC-ISO 9001:2008 Sistemas de gestión de la calidad: Requisitos, NTC-ISO 14001:2004 Sistemas de gestión ambiental: Requisitos y NTCOHSAS 18001:2007Sistemas de gestión de la seguridad y la salud ocupacional: Requisitos, la incluyeron como el requisito de: Competencia, formación y toma de conciencia. The aim of this article is to determine the economic, environmental and health and safety at work, caused by the lack of awareness in organizations impacts. This article is the beginning of a series of writings that deepen awareness about its impact on organizations, as assessed, preventive and corrective action should take the organization for continuous improvement, among others. The limitation in conducting this article, consisted of the scant literature on the proposed topic. The consequences of accidents affect not only the workers but their families, can also cause significant environmental damage and economic loss for the community, for this reason it is necessary to identify the factors that influence these arise are. Case studies and practical experience have shown that the frequency and severity of accidents depend on the dangers inherent in work and own physical, physiological and psychological factors worker, leading to the conclusion that largely injuries are caused by lack awareness of these workers (OIT, 2015). Due to the above scenario the importance of awareness for economic and social development of the country is evident; from the environmental point of view, quality and safety and health at work actions organizations can pose risks to the worker, his family, society and the environment; increasing susceptibility to the occurrence of natural hazards, economic loss or risk situations that subsequently materialize disaster. Given the importance of awareness the NTC-ISO 9001:2008 management systems quality, NTC-ISO 14001:2004 environmental management systems and NTC-OHSAS 18001:2007 included in sections 6.2.2, 4.4.2, 4.4.2 competence, training and awareness, respectively. O objetivo do presente artigo é determinar os impactos econômicos, ambiental e de segurança e saúde no trabalho, causados pela ausência de conscientização nas organizações. Este artigo é o início de um conjunto de artigos escritos que aprofundassem sobre a conscientização, seu impacto nas organizações, o modo de avaliação, ações preventivas e corretivas que a organização deve estabelecer para a melhoria contínua, entre outros. A limitação na realização deste artigo consistiu na escassa literatura no tema proposto. As consequências dos acidentes de trabalho afetam não somente aos trabalhadores, às suas famílias, também pode causar danos ambientais e causar importantes prejuízos económicos para a comunidade, por esta razão é necessário identificar quais são os fatores que influenciavam para que estes ocorressem. Casos de estudo e experiências práticas tem demonstrado que a frequência e a gravidade dos acidentes dependem dos perigos inerentes ao trabalho e a fatores físicos, fisiológicos e psicológicos próprios do trabalhador, o que permitirá concluir que em grande medida as lesões são causadas pela falta de consciência dos trabalhadores (OIT, 2015). Devido ao cenário anterior se evidencia a importância da conscientização para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do país; no plano ambiental, de qualidade e segurança e saúde no trabalho, as ações das organizações podem causar riscos para o trabalhador, a sua família, a sociedade e o meio ambiente; aumentando a suscetibilidade de ocorrências de desastres naturais, perdas econômicas ou situações de risco que posteriormente se materializam em catástrofe. Dada à importância da conscientização as normas NTC 9001:2008 sistemas de gestão da qualidade, NTC ISO 14001: 2004 sistemas de gestão ambiental e NTC OHSAS 18001: 2007 e incluíram-nas seções 6.2.2, 4.4.2, 4.4.2. Habilidade, formação e conscientização, respectivamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:15:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered one of the most important pests of soybean, Glycine max L. (Merrill) (Fabaceae), in Brazil and worldwide. Although chemical control still represents the principal strategy used to control this insect, less aggressive strategies such as the use of resistant genotypes stand out as potentially efficient alternatives for integrated pest management programs. This study aimed to evaluate the possible occurrence of tolerance to B. tabaci biotype B in the 'KS-4202' soybean genotype, which is already recognized as tolerant to Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States. The 'Conquista' Brazilian cultivar was used as a susceptible control. In a greenhouse, plants (stages V3-V4) of both genotypes were individualized and subjected to 6 patterns of infestation: 1) uninfested and without chemical control; 2) infested and without chemical control; 3) infested and sprayed at 15 d after infestation (DAI); 4) infested and sprayed at 30 DAI; 5) infested and sprayed at 45 DAI; and 6) infested and sprayed at 60 DAI. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with 6 replications for each pattern of infestation. We evaluated the following parameters of productivity: number of pods per plant, dry weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, and dry weight of biomass per plant. A 2-by-2 factorial bioassay was carried out to evaluate the plant responses to whitefly feeding, with 5 replications for each combination. The factors were 2 soybean genotypes ('KS-4202' and 'Conquista') and 2 levels of infestation (0 and 25 pairs), with 4 collection dates of leaflets (7, 14, 21, and 28 DAI). The protein contents and enzyme activities (dismutase superoxide, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase) were also determined for each collection date. Whitefly infestation had a negative effect on the weight of seeds and dry weight of biomass of 'Conquista' plants for even the shortest period of infestation (15 d). In contrast, for 'KS-4202', there was no difference in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, or dry weight of biomass between infested (15, 30, 45, and 60 d) and uninfested plants. Our results demonstrated that the 'KS-4202' genotype is tolerant to B. tabaci biotype B feeding. However, studies are still necessary to better understand the causes of this tolerance because the main factors of tolerance found in this genotype are not the oxidative enzymes studied here. Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agron Sci, Dept Crop Protect, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol NEREC, Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE 68728 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agron Sci, Dept Crop Protect, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/13672-7

El proposito de este trabajo fue difundir los atractivos turisticos del malecon del canton La Libertad, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador, el estudio fue enfocado en dos ejes principales: la investigacion que permitio conseguir la informacion principal y el desarrollo de la propuesta que consistio en la elaboracion de un diseno de aplicacion multimedia de recorrido virtual para el malecon de La Libertad, un producto desarrollado con un fin comunicativo que emplea recursos multimedia como imagenes, textos y animaciones. La investigacion fue de tipo cuantitativo con enfoque descriptivo y explicativo. Para dar respuesta a las interrogantes planteadas se emplearon dos tecnicas, la entrevista que fue aplicada a expertos en el campo del diseno grafico, lo cual sirvio para obtener criterios tecnicos sobre los requerimientos necesarios para elaborar la aplicacion multimedia, y la encuesta que se aplico a personas de nacionalidad extranjera y ecuatorianos que residen fuera del pais. La propuesta contiene el diseno del malecon de La Libertad en un recorrido virtual en 3D, donde se visualiza su infraestructura, y se presenta informacion sobre datos generales del canton La Libertad, ademas de una interfaz de pagina web interactiva y facil de utilizar para los usuarios. El uso de la aplicacion multimedia contribuye a la difusion de este importante lugar de la provincia de Santa Elena y del Ecuador, con la posibilidad de convertirlo en un potencial sitio turistico.

Objectives Among all known risk factors of preterm birth, psychosocial factors form an intricate collection, which includes a multidimensional spectrum of interrelated mediating mechanisms. The understanding of these interconnected mechanisms is vital for designing targeted interventions to reduce preterm births. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate potential psychosocial maternal factors and their interactions to cause preterm birth. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for U.S.-based English language studies published between 1989 and 2019. Titles, abstracts, and full-texts were screened to determine eligibility for inclusion. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a customized data collection form. The National Institutes of Health assessment tool was utilized for quality assessment. Results Among the 76 full texts that were reviewed, 9 records met the eligibility criteria, and were included in the final review. The included publications addressed psychosocial factors including racial disparity, lifetime racism, neighborhood disadvantage, lack of partner support, childhood maltreatment and life-course variations, including homelessness and marital status. Antenatal stress was identified as a common mechanism through which psychosocial mediators may act to cause preterm birth. Conclusions This review highlights the need for controlling potential risk factors of maternal stress by improving prenatal care, providing proper housing, and establishing conducive social environments for pregnant women. The review also suggests the importance of maternal psychological counselling and extensive maternal health monitoring among minority groups during the pregnancy period.

e14139 Background: The management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) produced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors can be challenging, considering differences with the toxicity of classical chemotherapy. In this study, we explored the limitations in the preventions and diagnosis of irAEs at our institution and developed a strategic plan to solve them according to guidelines of the European Society for Medical Oncology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Methods: This is a two-phase, single center, exploratory study. In the first phase, we analyzed a random sample of 20 patients (pts) treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab in the years 2017-2018. A Pareto chart was designed to identify issues in the baseline screening, as well as potential ways to improve the management of irAEs. After that, we implemented corrective measures based on educational lectures, early identification of patients eligible for immunotherapy, standardized protocols, and a profile of screening tests in the electronic medical records. We applied the new strategy on 15 pts treated from January-April 2019. To compare the impact of the implemented measures we used a run chart, frequencies/percentages for categorical variables, and medians/ranges for continuous variables. Adverse events were assessed according to CTCAEv5.0. Results: In the first phase, 38% of the required tests were done before the start of immunotherapy. We identified a deficit in the evaluation of cardiac and pulmonary function, chronic infections, and skin disorders. 45% of pts had some irAEs (15% G1, 15% G2 and 15% G3). Due to toxicity, 33% of pts had delays in the administration of treatment, and 11% required early interruption. After applying corrective measures, 81% of tests were requested before treatment initiation. However, screening for tuberculosis infection and echocardiogram continued to be deficient. We identified irAEs in 53% of pts (16% G1, 50% G2 and 25% G3), and 37% of them presented two or more different irAEs during the period of treatment. 37,5% and 12,5% of pts had delays or early interruption of immunotherapy, respectively. All of pts with irAEs had presented any basal alterations in screening tests. The most frequent basal alterations were found in pancreatic (66%) and thyroid activity (50%). Conclusions: Simple improvement strategies such as education programs, standardized protocols, and an electronic profile can improve the basal screening for potential irAEs. The basal alterations found in some pts can be related to the development of side effects or interactions with the immunotherapy.

12030 Background: Determining life expectancy in older patients is needed to select the best treatment strategy. We aimed to develop and validate a score to predict early death risk ( < 6 months) in elderly patients with cancer that are planned to initiate chemotherapy treatment. Methods: Patients over 70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included in a multicenter study. A pre-chemotherapy assessment that included sociodemographics, tumor/treatment variables, and geriatric assessment variables, was performed. Association between these factors and early death was examined by using multivariate logistic regression. Score points were assigned to each risk factor based on their b coefficient. We validated the risk score with an external validation cohort of 206 patients. Results: Three hundred forty two patients were included in the training cohort. The independent predictors for early death were metastasic cancers (odds ratio [OR] 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], [2.4-9.6]), ECOG performance status (OR 2.3, 95% CI:1.084-5.232), ADL (OR 1.7, 95% CI:1.08-3.5), serum albumin levels (3.3, 95% CI: 1.6-6.6), BMI (OR 2.4, 95% CI:1,2-4.8), serum GGT levels (OR 1.5, 95% CI:1.05-1.8) and hemoglobin levels (OR 2.3, 95% CI:1.2-4.6). With these results, a score was to stratify patients regarding their risk of early death: low (0 to 2 points; 5%), intermediate (3 to 5 points; 19%) or high (6 to 14 points; 50%) (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.79 for the training cohort (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.85), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.60-0.80) for the validation cohort (difference between cohorts not statistically different). Conclusions: We developed a highly accurate tool that uses basic clinical and analytical information to predict the probability of early death in elderly patients with cancer that are planned to initiate chemotherapy treatment. This tool can help physicians in decision making for this population of patients.

SUMMARYDespite often leading to platinum resistance, platinum-based chemotherapy continues to be the standard treatment for many epithelial tumors. In this study we analyze the cytogenetic alterations that arise after cisplatin treatment providing novel insights into the molecular biology and the cellular mechanisms involved in the acquired resistance in these tumor types.MethodsIn this study, we used 1 million array-CGH and qRT-PCR methodologies to identify and validate cytogenetic alterations that arise after cisplatin treatment in four lung and ovarian paired cisplatin-sensitive/resistant cell lines. We used whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), functional transfection assays and gene-pathway activity analysis in our experimental cellular models and in fresh frozen primary NSCLC tumors to identify genes with a potential role in the development of this malignancy. Results were further explored in 55 lung and ovarian primary tumors and control samples and in two extensive in silico databases (TCGA and KMplotter) with 1,926 NSCLC and 1,425 additional epithelial tumors.ResultsLong-term cell exposure to platinum induces the frequent deletion ofITF2gene. Restoration ofITF2expression re-sensitizes tumor cells to platinum and recovers the levels of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity.ITF2expression was also frequently downregulated in NSCLC, ovarian and other epithelial tumors, predicting a worse overall survival. We also identified an inverse correlation in expression betweenITF2andHOXD9, revealing that NSCLC patients with lower expression ofHOXD9have a better overall survival rate that was independent of the tumor histology.ConclusionWe have defined the implication ofITF2as a molecular mechanism behind the development of cisplatin resistance probably through the activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway. Our translational data suggest thatITF2could be used as a general epithelial tumor platinum-predictive marker and have identifiedHOXD9as a potential prognostic biomarker in NSCLC, a gene which expression is induced byWntsignaling. Furthermore, this data highlights the possible role ofITF2andHOXD9as a novel therapeutic target for platinum resistant tumors.

We present the case for the establishment of hospital tumour registries in order to facilitate the use of epidemiological data and the development of preventive policies.Retrospective descriptive analysis of the data of the tumour registry of the Hospital "La Paz" including tumoral location (ICD-O), diagnostic method, tumour grade and treatment.1987 cases were included. Median age at diagnosis was 66.2 years; 53.3% of cases were male and 46.7 female. The most frequent tumoral sites recorded were the digestive tract, skin, breast and urinary tract. The most common diagnostic method used was biopsy (83.1%), followed by cytology (5.7%). 84.5% of cases were originally recorded as localized disease, whilst 15.4% were disseminated. Surgery was the most common treatment (78.8%), followed by systemic therapy (16.2%).The establishment of hospital tumour registries should be prioritized, in order to collect epidemiological data which will enhance our understanding of cancer.

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most severe tomato pests in the world. The damage caused by this insect may compromise up to 100% of crop production, and management of this pest has relied on spraying of synthetic insecticides. However, due to the environmental issues associated with this practice, alternative methods such as the use of botanical pesticides are now used as a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). We evaluated the effects of essential oils of five plant species on B. tabaci biotype B in tomato and demonstrate that the essential oils (0.5%) of Piper callosum (PC-EO), Adenocalymma alliaceum (AA-EO), Pelargonium graveolens (PG-EO), and Plectranthus neochilus (PN-EO) inhibit the settlement and oviposition of B. tabaci biotype B adults in tomato plants. In fumigation tests, A. alliaceum (AA-EO) at 0.4 μL/L of air after 72 h and 0.1 μL/L of air after 6 h was the most effective against nymphs and adults of B. tabaci biotype B, respectively. The major chemical constituents of PC-EO were identified as being safrole (29.3%), α-pinene (19.2%), and β-pinene (14.3%), whereas diallyl trisulfide (66.9%) and diallyl disulfide (23.3%) were the major compounds identified in AA-EO. This is the first report on the reduction of oviposition by the use of P. callosum (PC-EO) and A. alliaceum (AA-EO). In addition, the fumigant effect of A. alliaceum (AA-EO) on nymphs and adults has also been reported here for the first time.

BACKGROUND Measurement of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during lung resection surgery with periods of one-lung ventilation (OLV) has revealed an intense local pulmonary response. The role of each lung in the inflammation that occurs during this procedure has never been investigated. OBJECTIVE(S) The primary objective of our study was to compare the inflammatory response in the dependent lung with that of the nondependent lung by measuring inflammatory markers in BAL. Our secondary objective was to assess the behaviour of these inflammatory mediators in patients with and without postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). DESIGN A prospective, observational study. SETTING Department of Anaesthesiology in a university hospital. PATIENTS Forty-six consecutive patients undergoing lung resection surgery. INTERVENTION(S) BAL samples were taken from dependent and nondependent lung 10 min before initiating OLV and at the end of OLV (once two-lung ventilation was established). All patients were followed up until 30 days after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The concentration of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) was analysed in both lungs before and after OLV. PPCs were recorded. RESULTS In BAL fluid, all measured biomarkers, apart from IL-10, were significantly greater (P < 0.05) at the end of OLV than those obtained before OLV, both for the dependent and nondependent lung. The increase in measured biomarkers was similar in both lungs. Eight patients developed PPC. Patients who developed PPC had higher levels of TNF-α (P < 0.05) in BAL from the nondependent lung before and after OLV than patients who did not have PPC. Patients who developed PPC had a smaller increase in MMP-2 levels (P < 0.05) in the dependent lung than patients who did not have PPC. CONCLUSION In lung resection surgery, the inflammatory response is similar in both lungs. However, the greater increase in TNF-α levels in the nondependent lung and the smaller increase of MMP-2 concentration in the dependent lung may increase the susceptibility to develop PPC.

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las condiciones que favorecen las relaciones proveedor-cliente en empresas automotrices en la región Bajío, en un contexto de productividad y cadena de suministro. Se establece cómo las armadoras condicionan el proceso productivo y suministro de proveedores de primer nivel (Tier1). La investigación aborda un método cualitativo se sustenta en la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada en cinco empresas (Tier1) de una muestra de 38 proveedores automotrices. Las conclusiones indican, que las relaciones entre armadoras y proveedores (Tier1) tienen más que un sustento comercial de compra-venta, son más complejas ya que incorporan innovación; procesos de producción; calidad; costos, entre otros. Como resultado es que hay una clara relación corporativa derivada del país de origen, lo cual se expresa en: desarrollo de productos, decisiones de nuevas inversiones y los términos de las negociaciones de proveeduría.Palabras Clave: Industria automotriz, relaciones proveedor-cliente, sector autopartes, proveedor Tier1.Outline of conditions in the supplier-customer relationship in the automotive industry. The auto parts sector in the BajíoAbstract: The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the conditions/relations that take hold between the vendor (suppliers) and its clients (customer), regarding of the supply chain and productivity within the automotive industry located in the region of Bajío. The original equipment manufacturers (OEM) condition the productivity process and the purveying of its major suppliers of parts known as a Tier 1 company. The methodology used in this study will be qualitative, premising on the semi-structured interview technique administer to five Tier 1 companies, from a sample of 38. The underlying findings reveal that the relation between OEMs and Tier 1 corporations are much deeper than a simple purchasing-sale interaction. In fact it involves a great degree of innovations, productions processes, quality, costs etc… All of this resulting in a clear corporative relationship derived from the country of origin, which is expressed in; product development, new investment decisions and terms of negotiations of purveyors.Keywords: automotive industry, relations vendor-client, suppliers of parts Tier 1.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T20:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-22T09:53:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2015000600450.pdf: 753532 bytes, checksum: f2221f9c88bd7b77fbf0d3e03f08ab3b (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de feijoeiro quanto à resistência a lagarta-falsa-medideira (Chrysodeixis includens). Inicialmente, foram realizados testes com chance de escolha com 59 genótipos, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a intensidade de coloração das folhas (verde-escura, verde-clara e verde-médio), para avaliar a preferência quanto à oviposição. Em seguida, selecionaram-se 12 genótipos com grande potencial de resistência, assim como dois padrões comerciais suscetíveis. Com estes genótipos, realizaram-se novos ensaios de oviposição, em casa de vegetação, além de testes de atratividade e consumo, em condições de laboratório (26±2ºC, 65±10% UR e fotófase de 14 h luz: 10 h escuro). No teste sem chance de escolha, com adultos, em casa de vegetação, os genótipos 'IAC Jabola', Arcelina 1, 'IAC Boreal', 'Flor de Mayo' e 'IAC Formoso' foram os menos ovipositados, tendo apresentado resistência do tipo antixenose à oviposição. No teste com chance de escolha, com larvas, Arcelina 4, 'BRS Horizonte', 'Pérola', H96A102-1-1-1-52, 'IAC Boreal', 'IAC Harmonia' e 'IAC Formoso' foram os genótipos menos consumidos, o que indica antixenose à alimentação. No teste sem chance de escolha, todos os genótipos (exceto 'IAPAR 57') expressaram níveis moderados de antixenose à alimentação de larvas de C. includens. The objective of this work was to evaluate bean genotypes for resistance to soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens). Initially, free-choice tests were carried out with 59 genotypes, divided into three groups according to leaf color intensity (dark green, light green, and medium green), in order to evaluate oviposition preference. Subsequently, 12 genotypes with high potential for resistance were selected, as well as two susceptible commercial standards. With these genotypes, new tests were performed for oviposition in a greenhouse, besides tests for attractiveness and consumption under laboratory conditions (26 +/- 2 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% RH, and 14 h light: 10 h dark photophase). In the no-choice test with adults, in the greenhouse, the 'IAC Jabola', Arcelina 1, 'IAC Boreal', 'Flor de Mayo', and 'IAC Formoso'genotypes were the least oviposited, showing antixenosis-type resistance for oviposition. In the free-choice test with larvae, Arcelina 4, 'BRS Horizonte', 'Perola', H96A102-1-1-1-52, 'IAC Boreal', 'IAC Harmonia', and 'IAC Formoso'were the less consumed genotypes, which indicates antixenosis to feeding. In the no-choice test, all genotypes (except for 'IAPAR 57') expressed moderate levels of antixenosis to feeding against C. includens larvae. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Inst Agron Estado Sao Paulo, BR-13012970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Background The effects of individualised perioperative lung-protective ventilation (based on the open-lung approach [OLA]) on postoperative complications is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of intraoperative and postoperative ventilatory management in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery, compared with standard protective ventilation. Methods We did this prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial in 21 teaching hospitals in Spain. We enrolled patients who were aged 18 years or older, were scheduled to have abdominal surgery with an expected time of longer than 2 h, had intermediate-to-high-risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, and who had a body-mass index less than 35 kg/m(2). Patients were randomly assigned (1: 1: 1: 1) online to receive one of four lung-protective ventilation strategies using low tidal volume plus positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): open-lung approach (OLA)-iCPAP (individualised intraoperative ventilation [individualised PEEP after a lung recruitment manoeuvre] plus individualised postoperative continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), OLA-CPAP (intraoperative individualised ventilation plus postoperative CPAP), STD-CPAP (standard intraoperative ventilation plus postoperative CPAP), or STD-O-2 (standard intraoperative ventilation plus standard postoperative oxygen therapy). Patients were masked to treatment allocation. Investigators were not masked in the operating and postoperative rooms; after 24 h, data were given to a second investigator who was masked to allocations. The primary outcome was a composite of pulmonary and systemic complications during the first 7 postoperative days. We did the primary analysis using the modified intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02158923. Findings Between Jan 2, 2015, and May 18, 2016, we enrolled 1012 eligible patients. Data were available for 967 patients, whom we included in the final analysis. Risk of pulmonary and systemic complications did not differ for patients in OLA-iCPAP (110 [46%] of 241, relative risk 0.89 [95% CI 0.74-1.07; p=0.25]), OLA-CPAP (111 [47%] of 238, 0.91 [0.76-1.09; p=0.35]), or STD-CPAP groups (118 [48%] of 244, 0.95 [0.80-1.14; p=0.65]) when compared with patients in the STD-O-2 group (125 [51%] of 244). Intraoperatively, PEEP was increased in 69 (14%) of patients in the standard perioperative ventilation groups because of hypoxaemia, and no patients from either of the OLA groups required rescue manoeuvres. Interpretation In patients who have major abdominal surgery, the different perioperative open lung approaches tested in this study did not reduce the risk of postoperative complications when compared with standard lung-protective mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To determine the prognostic relevance, clinical characteristics, and 30-day outcomes associated with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) in vascular surgical patients. Background: MINS has been independently associated with 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery. The characteristics and prognostic importance of MINS in vascular surgery patients are poorly described. Methods: This was an international prospective cohort study of 15,102 noncardiac surgery patients 45 years or older, of whom 502 patients underwent vascular surgery. All patients had fourth-generation plasma troponin T (TnT) concentrations measured during the first 3 postoperative days. MINS was defined as a TnT of 0.03 ng/mL of higher secondary to ischemia. The objectives of the present study were to determine (i) if MINS is prognostically important in vascular surgical patients, (ii) the clinical characteristics of vascular surgery patients with and without MINS, (iii) the 30-day outcomes for vascular surgery patients with and without MINS, and (iv) the proportion of MINS that probably would have gone undetected without routine troponin monitoring. Results: The incidence of MINS in the vascular surgery patients was 19.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.7%-22.6%). 30-day all-cause mortality in the vascular cohort was 12.5% (95% CI 7.3%-20.6%) in patients with MINS compared with 1.5% (95% CI 0.7%-3.2%) in patients without MINS (P < 0.001). MINS was independently associated with 30-day mortality in vascular patients (odds ratio, 9.48; 95% CI, 3.46-25.96). The 30-day mortality was similar in MINS patients with (15.0%; 95% CI, 7.1-29.1) and without an ischemic feature (12.2%; 95% CI, 5.3-25.5, P = 0.76). The proportion of vascular surgery patients who suffered MINS without overt evidence of myocardial ischemia was 74.1% (95% CI, 63.6-82.4). Conclusions: Approximately 1 in 5 patients experienced MINS after vascular surgery. MINS was independently associated with 30-day mortality. The majority of patients with MINS were asymptomatic and would have gone undetected without routine postoperative troponin measurement.

This paper presents an Automated Data Acquisition (ADA) procedure for a Large Scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The problem is finding optimal routes for the Personnel Transport in a manufacturing enterprise from the Mexican automotive cluster. As in every CVRP, the amount of data grows exponentially, which makes very difficult collecting data. A three route example problem was solved; a small scale model with 27 nodes yielded 729 pairs, a medium scale model with 244 nodes yielded 59,292 pairs, and a full scale model with 728 nodes produced a matrix of 529,256 pairs. Data collection about traveling times between each pair was needed, so an Automated Data Acquisition software to obtain them was developed. The software connected to a Geographical Information System GIS with every possible path between each pair of locations. The data matrix for the medium and large scale models was acquired, and can be used as a foundation for future research. An example problem was solved using linear programming methods. The solution obtained for the small scale model was a traveling time reduction of 30%, respect to the manufacturing enterprise empirical solution.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:40:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) is one of the most important soybean pest worldwide. Herein, 15 soybean genotypes were evaluated, to characterize the occurrence of antixenosis to B. tabaci biotype B. Initially, a multiple-choice test with all genotypes was carried out, evaluating the settling and oviposition preference at 3 d after infestation, and the colonization by nymphs after 48 d of infestation. Subsequently, a no-choice test, using 14 genotypes, was conducted with infested plants individually, and the number of eggs was counted after 72 h. Then, 10 genotypes were selected (indicative of resistance and susceptibility), which were evaluated for whitefly settling 24, 48, and 72 h after infestation and for oviposition 72 h after infestation. The trichomes of the leaflets were characterized for density, size, and inclination to establish possible correlations with the settling and oviposition in the genotypes. In the first multiple-choice test, involving 15 genotypes, 'IAC-17,' 'IAC-19,' and UX-2569-159 expressed antixenosis against B. tabaci. 'Jackson,' 'P98Y11,' and PI-229358 exhibited the same behavior in the no-choice test. In the multiple-choice test, 'Jackson,' 'P98Y11,' and 'TMG1176 RR' were the least attractive and least used for oviposition. The antixenosis shown by 'Jackson,' 'P98Y11,' and PI-229358 may be related to the characteristics of the trichomes (lower density and inclined). Based on the experiments carried out, 'IAC-17,' 'IAC-19,' 'Jackson,' 'P98Y11,' PI-229358, TMG1176 RR, and UX-2569-159 are considered promising for resistance to B. tabaci biotype B and may be exploited in soybean breeding programs for resistance to insects. Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Crop Protect, Coll Agron Sci, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol North Minas Gerais, BR-38680000 Arinos, MG, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci Botucatu, Dept Bot, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Crop Protect, Coll Agron Sci, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci Botucatu, Dept Bot, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/13672-7 CNPq: 305649/2013-2

Aim: Carbapenems are antibiotics reserved for treatment of severe infections. Carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles were determined in a population of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and their resistance assessed based on previous and current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Materials & methods: Isolates were examined using an automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, and real time polymerase chain reaction to detect the resistance (blaKPC) gene. Results: The prevalence of blaKPC gene was 45/54 (83.3%). Five isolates that were susceptible under the previous criteria changed to nonsusceptible with the current standards. The overall difference in susceptibility between the standards was 8%. Conclusion: This study shows that the current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria may not offer additional benefits in the fight against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae., Lay abstract Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a family of bacteria that can result in deadly infections because they are resistant to most antibiotics. We obtained 54 Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase isolates, a type of CRE, and determined which antibiotics were effective against them. Results showed that five isolates that were considered susceptible to an antibiotic under the previous criteria were now considered nonsusceptible with the current standards. This study shows that the current criteria may not offer additional benefits in the fight against CRE infections. Studies such as this one and prudent use of antibiotics should limit the spread of antibiotic resistance.

This research aims to present an analysis of the compliance with applicable legal requirements relating to safety and health at work, using seven MoLE regulatory standards, in a textile laundry located in the city of São Gabriel da Palha/ES, Brazil, in 2013. The research methodology used was exploratory for field activities, bibliographic and qualitatively through interviews, analysis and inspection of documents in the workplace. The results showed unsatisfactory security conditions for work, given that the index of non-conformity to compliance with the requirements of the standards is high. The study suggests the development of a work plan for attendance to regulatory requirements. This research aims to present an analysis of the compliance with applicable legal requirements relating to safety and health at work, using seven MoLE regulatory standards, in a textile laundry located in the city of São Gabriel da Palha/ES, Brazil, in 2013. The research methodology used was exploratory for field activities, bibliographic and qualitatively through interviews, analysis and inspection of documents in the workplace. The results showed unsatisfactory security conditions for work, given that the index of non-conformity to compliance with the requirements of the standards is high. The study suggests the development of a work plan for attendance to regulatory requirements. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise do atendimento aos requisitos legais aplicáveis em matéria de segurança e saúde do trabalho, utilizando 7 normas regulamentadoras do MTE, em uma lavanderia têxtil localizada na cidade de São Gabriel da Palha/ES, Brasil, em 2013. A pesquisa utilizada foi do tipo exploratório para as atividades de campo, bibliográfico e qualitativo por meio de entrevista, análise de documentos e inspeção no local de trabalho. Os resultados apontaram condições de segurança do trabalho insatisfatórias, uma vez que o índice de não conformidade do cumprimento aos requisitos das normas é alto. O estudo sugere a elaboração de um plano de trabalho para atendimento aos requisitos normativos.

Background and objectives: Neuromuscular relaxants are essential during general anesthesia for several procedures. Classical anesthesiology literature indicates that the use of neuromuscular blockade in thoracic surgery may be deleterious in patients in lateral decubitus position in one-lung ventilation. The primary objective of our study was to compare respiratory function according to the degree of patient neuromuscular relaxation. Secondary, we wanted to check that neuromuscular blockade during one-lung ventilation is not deleterious. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal observational study was made in which each patient served as both treated subject and control. 76 consecutive patients programmed for lung resection surgery in Gregorio Marañon Hospital along 2013 who required one-lung ventilation in lateral decubitus were included. Ventilator data, hemodynamic parameters were registered in different moments according to train-of-four response (intense, deep and moderate blockade) during one-lung ventilation. Results: Peak, plateau and mean pressures were significantly lower during the intense and deep blockade. Besides compliance and peripheral oxygen saturation were significantly higher in that moments. Heart rate was significantly higher during deep blockade. No mechanical ventilation parameters were modified during measurements. Conclusions: Deep neuromuscular blockade attenuates the poor lung mechanics observed during one-lung ventilation. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: Os relaxantes neuromusculares são essenciais durante a anestesia geral para vários procedimentos. A literatura clássica de anestesiologia indica que o uso do bloqueio neuromuscular em cirurgia torácica pode ser prejudicial em pacientes posicionados em decúbito lateral com ventilação seletiva. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi comparar a função respiratória de acordo com o grau de relaxamento neuromuscular do paciente. O objetivo secundário foi verificar que o bloqueio neuromuscular durante a ventilação seletiva não é prejudicial. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal no qual cada paciente serviu como indivíduo de estudo e controle. Foram incluídos 76 pacientes consecutivos, agendados para cirurgia de ressecção do pulmão no Hospital Gregorio Marañon ao longo de 2013, submetidos à ventilação seletiva em decúbito lateral. Os dados do ventilador e os parâmetros hemodinâmicos foram registrados em diferentes momentos de acordo com a resposta por sequência de quatro estímulos (bloqueio intenso, profundo e moderado) durante a ventilação seletiva. Resultados: As pressões de pico, platô e média foram significativamente menores durante os bloqueios intenso e profundo. Além disso, complacência e saturação periférica de oxigênio foram significativamente maiores nesses momentos. A frequência cardíaca foi significativamente maior durante o bloqueio profundo. Não houve alteração dos parâmetros da ventilação mecânica durante as mensurações. Conclusões: O bloqueio neuromuscular profundo atenua a mecânica pulmonar deficiente observada durante a ventilação seletiva. Keywords: Neuromuscular block, One-lung ventilation, Lung resection surgery, Palavras-chave: Bloqueio neuromuscular, Ventilação seletiva, Cirurgia de ressecção pulmonar

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is considered one of the most important pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), limiting the productivity of this crop worldwide. Chemical control is still the main strategy for the management of populations of this insect. However, due to the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and to humans, less injurious alternatives have been investigated. Along this line, the use of resistant genotypes can be a valuable tool for the control of the silverleaf whitefly. In this paper, we investigate some biological aspects of B. tabaci biotype B confined on 14 genotypes of cowpea. We evaluated the incubation period, egg viability, duration of nymphal stages, total duration of the juvenile phase, instar mortality and total mortality of the immature stage. The genotype MNC 99-541 F21 exhibited antibiosis against the whitefly, prolonging the lifecycle of the insect. The genotypes Canapu, BRS-Urubuquara and TE97-304 G-4 also exhibited antibiosis, causing high nymphal mortality. These results may help in breeding programmes to develop cowpea lines with resistance to B. tabaci biotype B.

This paper presents a reflection on the situation in college students at the Universidad de Guadalajara, in relation to the practice of reading and consumption of publishing products. It examines the reading preferences of students to the magazines, newspaper and book. From there it weaves the established relationship between consumption and reading, to thereby understand the current state of consumer publishing at the U. de G. In this paper the type of research was descriptive, with field design, not experimental, for which it was developed and implemented an instrument to collect data on smoking, consumption and preference of cultural products, a sample which involved 491 college students Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de la Universidad de Guadalajara. The results indicated that the habit of reading is not predominant over other leisure activities. As for the preference of the editorial product showed that magazines and newspapers are more favored than the book, in its consumption by students, and that the price of it if it is a factor in their purchase. We conclude that in the time devoted to reading a professional book is not very encouraging.

Background: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) was defined as prognostically relevant myocardial injury due to ischemia that occurs during or within 30 days after noncardiac surgery. The study’s four objectives were to determine the diagnostic criteria, characteristics, predictors, and 30-day outcomes of MINS. Methods: In this international, prospective cohort study of 15,065 patients aged 45 yr or older who underwent in-patient noncardiac surgery, troponin T was measured during the first 3 postoperative days. Patients with a troponin T level of 0.04 ng/ml or greater (elevated “abnormal” laboratory threshold) were assessed for ischemic features (i.e., ischemic symptoms and electrocardiography findings). Patients adjudicated as having a nonischemic troponin elevation (e.g., sepsis) were excluded. To establish diagnostic criteria for MINS, the authors used Cox regression analyses in which the dependent variable was 30-day mortality (260 deaths) and independent variables included preoperative variables, perioperative complications, and potential MINS diagnostic criteria. Results: An elevated troponin after noncardiac surgery, irrespective of the presence of an ischemic feature, independently predicted 30-day mortality. Therefore, the authors’ diagnostic criterion for MINS was a peak troponin T level of 0.03 ng/ml or greater judged due to myocardial ischemia. MINS was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.96–5.08) and had the highest population-attributable risk (34.0%, 95% CI, 26.6–41.5) of the perioperative complications. Twelve hundred patients (8.0%) suffered MINS, and 58.2% of these patients would not have fulfilled the universal definition of myocardial infarction. Only 15.8% of patients with MINS experienced an ischemic symptom. Conclusion: Among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery, MINS is common and associated with substantial mortality.

e20621 Background: Long survivors (LS) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), defined as an overall survival (OS) greater than 2 years, are less than 10% in most series. Classical prognosis factors include stage, weight loss and ECOG, but more information is missing in the literature. Recently, EGFR, ALK and ROS 1 population (less than 20%) reach OS longer than 2 years. Immunotherapy has demonstrated very promising results with more LS compared to chemotherapy in first and second line setting. In this study, we focused in the analysis of LS patients with advanced NSCLC EGFR wt (wild type) and ALK nt (non-translocated), defined as those with OS greater than 36 months, in 7 hospitals in Madrid. Methods: In this serie, first of all, we will try to make a clinical, histopathological characterization collecting data from clinical reports according to a previously defined information. In a second step, we will carry out a genetic analysis of these patient samples comparing to an opposite extreme short survivors (SS) samples (OS less than 9 months). Initially, we used a NGS method of RNA-seq technology to identify differentiating profiles of gene expression between the two opposite populations. And finally, we confirmed this preliminary profile by RT-PCR in the rest of samples. Results: Ninety-six patients were initially included. The majority were men, smokers or former with adenocarcinoma and ECOG 0- 1. We have obtained a differential transcriptome expression between samples from 6 LS and 6 SS, resulting 13 over-expressed and 42 down-expressed genes in LS comparing to SS transcriptome expression. Some of the genes involved in this initial profile belong to different cellular pathways: Secretin Receptor, Surfactant Protein, Trefoil Factor 1, Serpin Family, Ca-bindings Protein channel and Toll like Receptor family. Finally, we carried on by RT-PCR in 40 samples of SS and LS survivors and only four genes were significantly down-regulated in SS compared to LS in the multivariate analysis. These 4 genes were related to Surfactant Proteins: SFTPA1 (p = 0.023), SFTPA2 (p = 0.027), SFTPB (p = 0.02) and SFTPC (p = 0.047). Conclusions: We present a sequential genetic analysis of a LS population with NSCLC EGFR wt (wild type) and ALK nt (non-translocated), obtaining a differential RNA seq- and RT-PCR gene profile based on different surfactant proteins expression. A further confirmation in a larger sample is ongoing.