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Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aging of paper depends on various factors, including environmental conditions, microbiological factors and chemical composition. Chitosan-coated paper is an eco-friendly material that has potential use in various packaging applications due to its mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. In this study, the aging stability of chitosan-coated wood-free wrapping paper was evaluated by examining pulp and four paper samples with different quantities of chitosan. Accelerated thermal aging and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis were used to assess the aging stability, while color changes were examined to understand the impact of chitosan coating. The study found that increasing chitosan coating led to improved aging stability due to the improved crosslinking process between chitosan and paper. The coated paper samples displayed a yellowish hue after 72 h of aging, with increased strength and resistance to weight loss. TGA results indicated that the temperature of complete burning of the sample increased with increasing chitosan coating. Additionally, coated paper samples exhibited a more even surface and improved barrier properties. Overall, chitosan-coated paper is a promising material for sustainable and eco-friendly packaging, printing and wrapping applications. This study's findings have important implications for the development of environmentally-friendly packaging materials that possess desirable mechanical and barrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Producing tissue paper is an energy-demanding process; a significant amount of energy is expended when removing water by vacuum, mechanical pressing, and thermal drying. Because the water is most energy-demanding to remove in drying, making the preceding step of vacuum dewatering more efficient would benefit the whole process. This article focuses on developing a laboratory-scale method for verifying the nature of diminishing returns of water removal and investigating efficiency strategies of the vacuum dewatering. The theoretical concept of successive vacuum suction boxes with progressing vacuum levels was tested at the laboratory scale in order to show quantifiable results of the previously solely theoretical concept. The results confirmed that vacuum dewatering can be improved by adding progressively higher vacuum levels and that such a practice can benefit both outgoing dryness levels and expended vacuum pump energy. To truly examine the power of progression of vacuum levels, rewetting can be included in the calculations, by using an approximate value collected from pilot or fullscale measurements. For any new fiber mix, pulp type, vacuum level setup, basis weight, etc. the vacuum levels, rewetting, and dwell times need to be tuned to that specific case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for high-grammage paper, 150 g/m2 or more, is increasing for product protection and aesthetic value. Fold cracking, resulting from high mechanical pressure during folding, considerably decreases the economic feasibility of such products for papermaking companies. Fold cracking can be reduced through creasing, but defects possibly occur as fiber bonds are broken. In this study, the fold cracking of high-grammage paper that was not treated through creasing was explored. The mechanical and folding properties of six types of pulp fibers were evaluated based on their beating degree. The fines content of the fiber differed according to the beating condition. Using pulp with low fines content improved the folding properties. The mechanical properties of hardwood pulp were enhanced with increased beating degree. The mechanical properties of softwood pulp were considerably increased, and fold cracking occurred with increasing beating degree. Therefore, to improve the fold cracking, beating should be applied appropriately, following the type and mixing ratio of pulp fibers. Finally, softwood pulp mixing is proposed as a strategy to control fold cracking while maintaining the unique characteristics of high-grammage paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy use, together with consumption of raw materials, machine clothing, and wet end chemicals, are some of the most critical aspects in successful tissue making today. This work was aimed at developing a laboratory-scale method of estimating dewatering mechanisms, vacuum efficiency, and energy use of Through Air Drying (TAD) of tissue. When compared to pilot data, the results of the new laboratory method for investigating dewatering during TAD were in the same magnitude, around 24 to 26% dryness after vacuum dewatering, and 27 to 29% dryness after TAD molding. Sheet properties, such as caliper and surface profile, were evaluated and compared to commercial tissue sheets. The results indicate that it will be possible to precisely measure accurate dryness development and penetrated air volume for tissue sheet forming and TAD molding at a laboratory scale. This can contribute to the efforts of implementing a circular forest-based bioeconomy by increasing the fundamental understanding of dewatering of tissue paper materials, which is facilitated by improvements in energy use. The new method developed in this work will make it easier to assess ideas that are difficult to bring to pilot scale or full scale before learning more of the dewatering capabilities. The authors are convinced that improved knowledge of tissue dewatering mechanisms, forming, and material transport during and after TAD dewatering can increase the efficiency of the industrial manufacturing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most successful applications of multiple input multiple output control is the control of thickness in sheet forming processes including paper making and plastic film casting. While there are many similarities between film manufacture and other sheet forming processes, the physics differs from process to process. The choice of both process model and optimal control algorithm must reflect these differences. Here we consider how the basic physics of film manufacture a reflected in two classes of process models: phenomenological (interaction) models used in conventional gauge control algorithms and mechanistic models based on engineering science. Mechanistic models are more mathematically robust than purely statistical phenomenological models for some aspects of gauge control and may prove advantageous for other sheet forming applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition issues with food industry have recently boosted the exploration of alternative solutions capable of replacing starch in papermaking to a certain extent. Covalent grafting of quaternary ammonium groups onto LignoBoost® Eucalyptus kraft lignin has recently shown promise in this regard as the cationic products feature excellent water solubility across the entire pH scale. Considering these suitable properties, cationic kraft lignin was applied and evaluated, for the first time, in the perspective of partial substitution of cationic starch in papermaking, using bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp. Based on an assessment of key paper properties, such as mechanical (tensile, bursting, and tearing indexes), structural (roughness, capillarity rise, air resistance, internal strength, and water contact angle), and optical ones (brightness, opacity, and relative color change), it is safe to conclude that the partial replacement of conventional cationic starch by cationic lignin does not compromise these features. The results also show that properties can be fine-tuned by varying the degree of lignin derivatization, providing paper-specific solutions for replacing starch by lignin potentially available at large-scale at the pulp and paper industry, closing the loop within the circular economy concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the possibility of increasing the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in sheets of paper to optimize their properties was investigated. A new class of polymeric additives for papermaking is proposed as well as a method for their use in paper sheet containing the CaCO3 precipitated addition. Calcium carbonate precipitated (PCC) and fibers cellulose were adjusted with a cationic polyacrylamide flocculating agent (polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (plyDADMAC) or cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM)). PCC was obtained in the laboratory by a double-exchange reaction between calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) suspension. After testing, the dosage of PCC was established at 35%. To improve the systems of additives studied, the materials obtained were characterized and their optical and mechanical properties were analysed. The PCC had a positive influence over all of the paper samples, but in the case of use of cPAM and polyDADMAC polymers the paper obtained had superior properties compared to the paper obtained without additives. Also, the samples obtained in the presence of cationic polyacrylamide exhibit superior properties to those obtained in the presence of polyDADMAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European paper mills are currently facing the question of whether recovered paper, their main raw material, will be available in sufficient quantities and an acceptable quality in the future. An alternative to recovered paper or wood fiber is the use of agricultural residues such as wheat straw. Sodium carbonate-based straw pulping processes have the advantage of not requiring recausticizing for chemical recovery, which reduces investment and operating costs. With the addition of oxygen, delignification can be significantly improved to provide pulps suitable for bleaching. This study compares the pulping of wheat straw using sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate + oxygen, and sodium carbonate + sodium hydroxide + oxygen. Pulping parameters such as temperature, retention time, and chemical charge were varied, and their influence on pulp properties was studied. The use of sodium carbonate alone produced pulps with high yields of up to 72% and comparably high burst and compressive strength. The addition of oxygen and small amounts of sodium hydroxide produced pulps with a high initial brightness of 42 %ISO and a low kappa number (18), still at high pulp yields of 62%. These pulps were two-stage bleached to achieve brightness levels of up to 73 %ISO.

To fully utilize secondary resources, it will inevitably generate a large amount of deinking sludge using waste paper as raw material for paper making. The sludge contains small fibers and dissolved substances of various chemicals. After adding flocculant and settling treatment, deinked sludge is formed. However, its organic matter content can reach a high level of 40% to 50%, and it can also be reused, effectively avoiding the harmful impact of papermaking sludge on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just as we can hardly find references on how traditional I hanji i making has weathered the transformation of South Korea into a hypermodern society during the last century, Lee had to start from scratch to identify artisans who continued handmade papermaking using authentic old methods. However, Lee's engagement in traditional papermaking led her to immerse herself in the exciting versatility of I hanji i and the community of artisan-teachers using I hanji i for various crafts. [Extracted from the article]

Spherical polymer brushes were synthesized by grafting acrylamide from the surface of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy-silane-modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Then, cationic spherical polyacrylamide (CSPAM) brushes were obtained by a manniched polyacrylamide (PAM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography were introduced to analyze the structure, morphology, and molecular weight of CSPAM, respectively. The effects of pH and the dosage of CSPAM on the flocculation of fine pulp and precipitated calcium carbonate were studied. Furthermore, the optimal drainage performance could be achieved when the beating degree (°SR) decreased by about 14.42% with the dosage of CSPAM of 2 mg·g−1. The retention effect of CSPAM revealed that the highest first-pass retention was 71.1% when the dosage of CSPAM was 3.5 mg·g−1. In addition, the mechanism of retention and drainage of CSPAM was discussed.

The microstructural, morphological, chemical, pulp, and paper properties of four fast growing Thai bamboo species, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa longispiculata, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, and ×Thyrsocalamus liang, were characterized to evaluate their potential as alternative fibrous raw materials in pulping and papermaking. It was found that the chemical composition of the four bamboo species was not significantly different. The alpha cellulose, lignin, and ash contents were between 46% and 50%, 27% and 29%, and 2% and 3%, respectively. The average fiber length ranged between 1.74 and 2.16 mm and had long fibers similar to softwood fibers. The bamboo fibers were thick-walled, narrow, had a small lumen, and were rigid. The pulp yield of all the bamboo species, prepared by kraft pulping, was high between 45% and 50% and had a low rejection of 0.12–0.33%. The handsheets were prepared from the bamboo pulp using various beating time to develop strength properties. It was observed that the handsheet quality improved with increasing beating time. We conclude that these properties indicate a great potential for these bamboo species for pulp and paper production.

Glass fiber felt (GFF) as a fibrous and porous material has caught much attention because its light mass, low cost and excellent acoustic properties. In this paper, GFF was prepared via the papermaking technique to explore the correlation between glass fiber suspension characteristics and physical properties (uniformity, air permeability and sound insulation) of GFF. The consequence presented that increasing the dispersing times and speeds could decrease aspect ratio and flocculation of fibers, which was useful to improve viscosity and fiber hanging property of glass fiber suspension, and uniformity of GFF. However, there was no visible impact on the air permeability of GFF. The results also indicated that increasing the dispersing times could decrease sound transmission loss (STL), however which could be enhanced by changing the dispersing speeds. The optimal dispersing speed was 3000 r/min and STL could be reached 15.78 dB at 6300 Hz. Generally, GFF could be used as acoustic material for building and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strength properties of paper are of great significance in terms of its mechanical performance and are attributed to cellulosic fibers. When filler is used in papermaking, the cost and strength properties get reduced but optical properties are improved. So far, modification of fillers using chitosan (CH) is not explored in such a way that all aspects of wet-end of papermaking get covered. The novelty lies in showing the effect of CH as filler modifier at various doses on different fillers and the wet-end application of modified fillers at different doses along with other additives used in papermaking. The impact of addition of modified fillers on end paper properties is also analyzed. Here, CH was applied to modify fillers characteristics so that the ash in paper can be increased without compromising the strength properties. Three different doses (0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00%) of CH were added to the fillers. The addition of modified fillers to bleached mixed hardwood (BMHW) pulp increased the filler retention in paper while the reduction in strength properties was found to be less and in some properties even an increase was observed. The particle size distributions of fillers were found to be affected after modification of fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum dewatering is a highly energy-intensive process that is widely adopted in industrial production such as papermaking and chemical manufacture. A significant portion of the energy consumed by vacuum system is converted into energy that drives airflow passing through the wet fiber web. During the energy conversion process, a part of the energy is wasted due to the redundant capacity of the vacuum pump, which is caused by the deviation of the airflow rate estimation during the design of the vacuum system. To improve the energy conversion rate, a variable porosity model (VPM) is proposed in this study to better simulate the process of airflow passing through a porous medium–wet fiber web. Compared with the existing constant porosity model (CPM), the VPM model takes the effect of wet fiber web compressibility into account to improve the accuracy of airflow rate calculation. Different sets of experimental data demonstrate that the accuracy of airflow calculation of the VPM is about 22 times that of the CPM. In addition, the characteristic parameterization of different fiber structures in this study expands the applicability of the model and can be widely adopted in multitudinous industrial fields, which is of great significance for improving the energy conversion rate of vacuum dewatering process and saving energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aims at investigating the microwave absorption and mechanical properties of short-cutted carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid veil reinforced epoxy composites. The short-cutted carbon fibers (CFs)/glass fibers (GFs) hybrid veil were prepared by papermaking technology, and composites liquid molding was employed to manufacture CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites. The microstructure, microwave absorbing properties and mechanical properties of the hybrid epoxy composites were studied by using SEM, vector network analyzer and universal material testing, respectively. The reflection coefficient of the composites were calculated by the measured complex permittivity and permeability in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) range. The optimum microwave absorption properties can be obtained when the content of CFs in the hybrid veil is 6 wt% and the thickness of the composites is 2 mm, the minimum reflection coefficient of -31.8 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.1 GHz, which is ascribed to benefitting impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss of the carbon fiber. Simultaneously the tensile strength and modulus can achieve 104.0 and 2.98 GPa, demonstrating that the CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites can be a promising candidate of microwave absorbing materials with high mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain a lignin-based adsorbent with low cost, simple operation and no further modification, a calcium lignin adsorbent was prepared from chemical mechanical pulping (CMP) waste liquor by directly calcification from lime. The calcium lignin was characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and solid-state NMR analyses. The results showed that the molecular structure of the calcium lignin particles did not change when compared to sodium lignin, the formation mechanism of calcium lignin was revealed. The initial COD and lignin contents of CMP waste liquid were 54858 mg/L and 24.39 g/L, the conversion rate of lignin can reach 71.36% when was deal with lime. Thus, most of the lignin resources in the waste liquid were recovered. The middle-stage wastewater (MSWW) of pulping and papermaking was dealt with calcium lignin, the COD removal rate was up to 85.83%. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were well fitted by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Lime was regenerated from the used calcium lignin with high-temperature calcination, the conversion rate of calcium ions can reach 83.56%. Overall, the calcium lignin prepared by the one-step method exhibited great potential for effectively removing COD from middle-stage wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of lignin membrane fouling caused by dynamic cross-flow in the process of retaining and concentrating the black liquor byproduct of papermaking, this paper uses three different rotating structures (vane, disk and propeller) to increase the surface shear force and filtration flux of the membrane. In this paper, under different rotating speeds and different transmembrane pressure differences, numerical simulations were conducted on the shear forces generated by the three structures and the retention process on the surface of the membrane. The variation laws were also studied and compared. Under the same filtration conditions, the vane structure demonstrates better results than the propeller and disk structures in terms of increasing filtration flux. Based on the result, the vane shear force was simulated in terms of changing the particle deposition, and compared with vane rotating speeds of 100–700 r/min, the surface particle deposition of the membrane was significantly reduced at a rotating speed of 800 r/min. Finally, the numerical simulation results were experimentally validated to ensure the accuracy of the simulation. The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical value for solving the problem of lignin membrane fouling caused by dynamic cross-flow in the process of retaining and concentrating the black liquor byproduct of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the history of the relationship of papermaking and paper to libraries over time. Paper was first made in China and is traditionally considered one of that nation's four greatest inventions, along with gun powder, printing, and the compass. Papermaking was often associated with archives in its early development in China, as well as when it was introduced to Japan, where it came to be a part of some Shinto and Buddhist temples, and later governmental agencies. Under Islam, the availability of paper was linked to increased literacy and growth of libraries. In early modern Europe, before the widespread use of wood in the papermaking process, libraries and archives were part of an "economy of paper" with paper at times being in short supply. In the modern era, the world of papermaking did not intersect much with the world of the library, which made progress with the problem of brittle books, one of its greatest challenges, slow, though recent efforts of government, industry, scientists, and representatives of the library have produced positive results. The damage caused by wood-based paper in libraries was mirrored by the environmental damage caused by wood-based papermaking in communities. The history of papermaking and libraries demonstrates the importance of understanding the technologies which support the library, while also advocating effectively to the representatives of all its sources of support in ways which promote the values of the library and its associated community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of cationized dialdehyde cellulose to improve the mechanical properties of paper was evaluated. The majority of cationized additives are synthesized by introducing cationic groups through chemical reactions. Here, cationized additives were produced in a more environmentally friendly manner by use of non-toxic and readily biodegradable deep eutectic-like solvent mixtures (DESs). The modified cellulose's properties were characterized by FTIR, polarized-light optical microscopy, charge titrations, and SEM/EDX. The cationized additives were investigated as strength additives for papermaking. Three different amounts of cationic additive (2%, 5%, and 10%) were added to the pulp, and the properties of handsheets were studied. Because increasing the additive content can affect dewatering of the process, the dewatering capabilities of the pulps with additives were evaluated by Schopper-Riegler (°SR) value, water retention value (WRV), and vacuum dewatering. Finally, the recyclability of the DES was assessed in terms of cationization reaction efficiency and their effect on paper mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors of manufacturing sustainability in the papermaking industry were identified and ranked using qualitative analysis and nonparametric tests. Based on a review of the literature on sustainable development and production, seven main factors of economic, environmental, technological, social, human, material and product, and regulations were identified to underpin the manufacturing sustainability in the papermaking industry, as well as some sub-factors. Then, a self-designed questionnaire was developed to take a poll among papermaking managers and experts regarding the effectiveness of the factors and sub-factors in manufacturing sustainability and their status. The factors affecting manufacturing sustainability in the papermaking industry were confirmed by the standard and significance coefficients in the structural equations and the predictive criterion. The cross-validated redundancy index showed that the data were valid enough for prediction. The research factors were ranked by the ordinal average affecting sustainability, current status, and distance to sustainability. The materials and product, environmental, technological, and economic factors had the greatest influence on manufacturing sustainability, and the regulation and human factors had the highest distance to sustainability. To achieve manufacturing sustainability in the papermaking industry, regulations and human factors need to be further studied. Their improvement has potential to achieve manufacturing sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high levels of waste cellulose mud in paper production represent a severe environmental problem regarding its final disposal as a waste by-product. The accumulation of paper sludge and its possible recycling should be focused on its reuse in primary materials or those of continuous use that mitigate its environmental impact. This research was developed to characterize a clay material used in civilian construction with Eco-Efficient properties (hollow ceramic bricks), incorporating waste from paper factories (paper sludge or cellulose sludge) without affecting its mechanical response in comparison with traditional materials, but with the use and advantages of the utilization of residual materials. For this purpose, a physical-chemical characterization of the paper sludge was carried out, accompanied by a physical-mechanical characterization for the Non-structural block obtained with the inclusion of the sludge, in accord with dosages of 0%, 11.1%, 12.5%, 14.3% 16.7% and 20%. As a result, the organic and inorganic byproducts present in the paper waste byproducts were obtained, and the hollow ceramic bricks showed an increase in their mechanical compression capacity under considerable variations in coloration and size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article paper, leather from book cover and metal lock from an 18th century church book were studied. The book was printed during the time of Mihai Constantin Șuțu, with the blessing of the Metropolitan of Moldova, Iacov Stamati. The analytical method used to study the components and the methods of obtaining all the important parts was the non-destructive technique SEM-EDX. The results regarding the used paper showed typical intermeshed cellulose fibers. In the case of leather, due to its advanced state of degradation, it was impossible to determine the type of animal from which the skin was used. The elemental analyses (EDX) of the metal lock indicated that it was made of brass. The results of the study of 18th century parts of the book, gave important information about the way of paper manufacture, the conservation state of the cover and the way that the metal lock was made and the safe way to clean it in the restoration and conservation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the papermaking inventions that, beginning with the Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543), became part of anatomy books. In particular, flaps became the tactile and visual tool that allowed, by progressively lifting individual flaps of paper (lift the flap), to represent the layered arrangement of organs and apparatuses of the human body. These movable devices, along with others (e.g., volvelle) widely employed especially in astronomy texts, became the educational complements of the new science. The paper reconstructs, through some significant samples, the evolution of interactive anatomical books up to the threshold of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People usually waste or discard the numerous benefits of banana peel due to a lack of awareness. Banana peel is a rich source of many bioactive compounds like carotenoids, biogenic amines, polyphenols, phytosterols, and antioxidants. It also contains minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, and good levels of dietary fiber. The use of antioxidants present in banana peels can help reduce the risk of diseases like cancer. Antioxidants play a crucial role in the removal of toxins from the human body. One complete banana comprises about 30–40% peel, and the rest is the pulp portion. Banana peels are used in a wide range of industries like cosmetics, medicine, food processing, beverages, textiles, energy resources, paper manufacture, bio-absorbents, biofuel production, and the agricultural sector. An epic transformation in different industrial sectors can be seen because of the versatile nature of banana peel. In agricultural sectors, banana peel can be used as fertilizer to enhance the soil's physical properties, crop quality, and yield due to potassium. Even fiber-rich banana peels can be used to treat constipation problems. Banana peel carries anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in daily life as a first-aid at home to control, reduce, and cure inflammation and infections. Banana is commonly available in our homes, and thus it can be known as a zero-budget organic cosmetic product. Industrial products like paper, fiber, and textiles can be manufactured from banana peels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glass fiber felt (GFF) as a fibrous and porous material has caught much attention because its light mass, low cost and excellent acoustic properties. In this paper, GFF was prepared via the papermaking technique to explore the correlation between glass fiber suspension characteristics and physical properties (uniformity, air permeability and sound insulation) of GFF. The consequence presented that increasing the dispersing times and speeds could decrease aspect ratio and flocculation of fibers, which was useful to improve viscosity and fiber hanging property of glass fiber suspension, and uniformity of GFF. However, there was no visible impact on the air permeability of GFF. The results also indicated that increasing the dispersing times could decrease sound transmission loss (STL), however which could be enhanced by changing the dispersing speeds. The optimal dispersing speed was 3000 r/min and STL could be reached 15.78 dB at 6300 Hz. Generally, GFF could be used as acoustic material for building and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fiber length, chemical composition, and mycototoxins of oat and barley hulls were analyzed in order to study the suitability to utilize hulls for paper and paperboard manufacturing. Oat fibers were observed to be slightly longer than those of barley (0.80 ± 0.19 mm and 0.51 ± 0.17 mm, respectively). There were no differences in the composition of the hemicellulose sugars, with the predominance of xylose and glucose. The amount of Klason lignin in oat and barley hulls was at almost the same level (23% and 25% of dry weight, respectively). Guaiacyl (G) units derived from coniferyl alcohol dominated as shown by pyrolysis-GC-MS. To achieve fibrillation beneficial for the papermaking, oat and barley hulls were refined with a disc refiner. Oat hulls were observed to be harder than barley hulls. This affected both calendering and the appearance of the sheets produced. Laboratory sheets were prepared in a sheet-former with different percentage of softwood pulp and oat and barley hulls. Hull-containing paper mostly met the same quality requirements as the commercial paper except for the burst strength in sheets containing either species' hulls, and the tensile strength in sheets containing barley hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs obtained for cellulose nanofibrils (a), paper handsheets surface without CNF addition (b) and with 10% CNF (c) Cellulose nanofibrils used as reinforcement go through the fibrillation process in equipment that have discs with grooves on the surfaces against which the pulp is exposed to cyclical and sequential stresses. Preparation of paper handsheets (fiber/CNF) CNF were added directly to the cellulose pulp at 0, 2, 5, 8 and 10 wt% proportion before forming the paper handsheets. Box-plot for tensile index (a), tearing index (b), bursting index (c), stretch (d) and modulus of elasticity (e) in paper handsheets with the addition of different amounts of nanofibrils Figure 6 shows the variations of tensile (a), tearing (b), and bursting (c) indexes, and stretch (d) and modulus of elasticity (e) of cellulose paper handsheets due the addition of different CNF contents. Keywords: Composite fibers; kraft paper; mechanical properties; cellulose microfibrils (CMF); nanocellulose; papermaking; ; ; ; (CMF); ; EN Composite fibers kraft paper mechanical properties cellulose microfibrils (CMF) nanocellulose papermaking ZH (CMF) 7818 7833 16 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Graph Introduction Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose microfibrils (CMF) are known to present unique properties such as high strength and stiffness and to enable numerous applications such as reinforcement material in composites and paper (Osong, Norgren, and Engstrand [21]). [Extracted from the article]

To investigate the distribution of heavy metals and their morphological transformation during sludge treatment, sludge was conditioned by the persulfate method and combined with papermaking sludge. The removal rates, distribution and morphological transformation of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in residual sludge were all reduced to different degrees after persulfate conditioning. The Zn removal rate was highest, reaching 33.90%. After compound conditioning, the heavy metal removal rate was reduced, mainly because of the heavy metals contained in papermaking sludge. Heavy metal removal followed the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. After compound conditioning, heavy metals were mainly concentrated in the filter cake; Cd and Zn mainly occurred in unstable forms and Cr, Cu, and Pb in stable forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the environmental problems caused by landfilling and incineration of Fenton sludge, realize the recycling of papermaking solid waste. In this paper, we explored the formation of a layer of calcium carbonate coating on the surface of Fenton sludge by crystallization coating in the Fenton sludge-[Ca(OH)2/H2O]-CO2 three-phase reaction system to improve the brightness of Fenton sludge and apply it to the filling of paper. The effects of particle size, temperature, stirring rate and calcium hydroxide addition on crystallization coating effect were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of the coating effect are mainly judged by the brightness and dustiness of the powder material. The research results show that when the particle size is 38–48 μm, the temperature is 25 °C, the stirring speed is 600 r/min, and the ratio of calcium hydroxide to Fenton sludge is 2:1, the brightness of the composite can be increased from 3.56 % ISO to 64.24 % ISO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the retention and drainage aid performance of high speed papermaking processes is an important and challenging issue. In this study, fiber modification was used to improve the papermaking retention and drainage aid performance. The graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with cellulose fibers was initiated using Fe2+-thiourea dioxide(TDO)-H2O2 in a mild aqueous medium; the synthesized polyglycidyl methacrylate grafted cellulose (CPGMA) was used to replace softwood bleached kraft pulp(SBKP) and hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HBKP), to study their retention and drainage aid behavior in the cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)/colloidal SiO2/ anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) system. Graft copolymerization significantly enhanced the fiber hydrophobicity. Additionally, the papermaking process drainage aid performance and retention rate of the filler increased significantly with an increase in the CPGMA substitution rate. A small amount of CPGMA (0.5 %) significantly improved the dewatering ability and some improved the retention performance of the wet end of papermaking. SBKP-polyglycidyl methacrylate grafted cellulose (S-CPGMA) exhibited better retention and drainage aid performance than HBKP-polyglycidyl methacrylate grafted cellulose (H-CPGMA). Thus, introducing Fe2+-thiourea dioxide(TDO)-H2O2 initiated graft copolymerized S-CPGMA (in mild aqueous media) into pulp could improve the retention and drainage aid performance of the wet part of paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common condition which can lead to back pain. Although surgical treatments for LDH are well established, complications such as spinal instability and narrowing of adjacent facet joints are still frequently reported. The purpose of this study was to use finite element models to evaluate the stability of the L3–L4 segment after conservative or aggressive percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) with and without an artificial material filler to correct LDH. Compared to the intact model, aggressive PTED reduced the stability of the segment (increased ROM) and narrowed the space between facet joints in the medial/lateral (ML) direction during flexion (maximum 6.7 degrees change in ROM and 90.5% spacing between facet joints), extension (maximum 2.1 degrees and 38.6%), and axial rotation (maximum 4.2 degrees and 90.1%). Aggressive PTED had a similar effect in the anterior/posterior (AP) direction during lateral bending (maximum 2.0 degrees and 44.2%). Augmenting the nucleus pulposus with a polyurethane filler after aggressive PTED improved spinal stability in both the ML and AP directions in all simulated motions, with results similar to the intact model. However, using a hydrogel filler did little to stabilize the spine, likely because the material is too soft to support the heavy, sustained loading. In conclusion, this study found that if an aggressive discectomy is required, augmenting the nucleus pulposus with a PU filler provides sufficient support to stabilize the spine, while hydrogel fillers offer little support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing usage of petroleum-based compounds has prompted numerous environmental concerns. Consequently, there has been a steady rise in research on the synthesis of useful materials from natural sources. Paper technologists are seeking environmentally acceptable dry end and wet end additives. Among the bio-based resources available, nanocellulose is a popular sustainable nanomaterial additive in the paper industry because of its high strength, high oxygen barrier performance, low density, great mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. NC’s extensive hydroxyl groups provide a unique possibility to dramatically modify the hydrophilicity and charge of the surface in order to improve their potential applications in the paper industry. The current paper reviews two series of surface modifications, each with various subcategories, depending on why modified nanocellulose is added in the paper production: to improve barrier properties or to improve mechanical properties of packaging materials. The methods presented in this study use the minimum amount of chemically hazardous solvents to have the least impact on the environment. This review focuses on modifications of nanocellulose and their subsequent application in the papermaking. The knowledge and the discussion presented in this review will form a literature source for future use by various stakeholders and the sustainable paper manufacturers.

New techniques are always demanded to pursuit green and economical ways for nanocellulose preparation. We herein proposed to use γ-valerolactone (GVL) to facilitate the nanocellulose preparation from bleached bamboo pulp fibers as a green and sustainable pretreatment. The GVL pretreatment caused the bamboo fibers to destruct, resulting in an obviously increased fine fiber content, which was systematically studied to disclose the influence of different factors on the fiber changes. The optimum GVL pretreatment conditions were determined as reaction time of 4 h, reaction temperature of 140 °C and the ratio of GVL to water of 4:1. Notably, the GVL pretreatment caused negligible changes in the functional groups on cellulose, as well as its crystalline structure. The resultant nanocellulose (i.e. G-CNF) had a width of ca. 47 nm and it showed good adsorption capacity towards RR195 dye since an impressive dye uptake rate of 46.81 % was attained. The incorporation of G-CNF significantly improved the coloring performance and the ∆E (color difference) value reached up to 33.73. Improvements in the mechanical properties of RR195 dyed paper were also observed with the incorporation of G-CNF. This work sheds light on the nanocellulose preparation with GVL pretreatment and demonstrates a feasible way to apply the resultant nanocellulose in the colored paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a feasible and straightforward approach for fabricating a superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene coated polyphenylene sulfide/aramid composite film (PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane) for oil-water separation. This process involves utilizing a wet paper making process combined with a spray coating technique. The PPS/ACFs composite membrane displays a three-dimensional network structure by the application of wet papermaking approach. The uniformly spray coating of PTFE on its surface results in a superhydrophobic PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane (PPAM). The membrane obtained through this method can effectively separate oil and water. It is remarkable in separating oil-water lotion stabilized by surfactant, achieving a separation efficiency of up to 99.9 % with a high flux of 8000 L/m2·h−1. Additionally, owing to the inherent thermal stability of the membrane, the PPAM is recyclable. In summary, the PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane is a promising for separating various oil-water emulsions. Its outstanding performance, including high separation efficiency, flux, and recyclability, underscores its potential for practical applications for oil-water separation. [Display omitted] • The PPAM porous membrane has high separation efficiency and a high flux. • Significant repetitive recyclability of the membrane suggest its applications in environmental protection. • After 20 cycles of oil-water separation, the membrane maintained high separation efficiency and flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient utilization of lignin from the papermaking black liquor has attracted interest due to its carbon-neutral value and industrial application. This work illustrates a simple support-phosphate-pretreatment strategy to develop superdispersed Ni species in activated carbon (AC) to enhance the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions of the lignin model compound guaiacol into biohydrocarbons under alkaline conditions. For the first time, sodium polyphosphate was applied as a pretreatment agent for coconut carbon in the synthesis of carbon-supported Ni catalysts. Superdispersed Ni nanoparticles were achieved on Ni/NaP n OAC with a particle size of 2.5 nm, which was much smaller than that on unmodified Ni/C (13.1 nm). The characterization results and reactions revealed that the P−O that formed served as anchoring sites for the Ni species and strengthened the interaction between the Ni species and support (SMSI), which resulted in significantly improved dispersion of the Ni metal sites and, thus, a nearly 6-fold greater yield of hydrocarbons was obtained on Ni/NaP n OAC (58.1 %) than on Ni/C (10.1 %). In addition, compared with Ni 2 P/NaP n OAC and NiS/NaP n OAC, Ni/NaP n OAC exhibited higher HDO activity, especially higher direct deoxygenation (DDO) activity and higher benzene yield, reducing hydrogen consumption during the HDO reaction. [Display omitted] • A super-dispersed Ni catalyst was synthesized with a support-pretreated method. • Ni nanoparticle of extra-small size at 2.5 nm was successfully obtained. • The formed P-O served as anchoring sites for Ni species. • The as-prepared catalyst exhibited high HDO efficiency in alkaline conditions. • Ni0 state catalyst exhibited high DDO activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valorization of non-edible parts of food is an important method of reducing food processing waste. This study presents a potential application of nutshell wastes as a renewable and organic papermaking filler in paperboard packaging. Five pistachio shells particle (PSP) samples with different particle size distributions were prepared and their performance as a papermaking filler was examined relative to a conventional ground calcium carbonate (GCC) mineral filler. PSP fillers dispersed well in aqueous suspensions and showed better retention in handsheets compared to that of GCC, due to the improved retention by the larger particle sizes of PSPs. When PSP fillers had smaller particles than the pore sizes in the paper fiber network and their particle size distribution were narrow, they showed comparable mechanical properties in handsheets compared to that of GCC. Future research is suggested for successful applications of this organic and renewable filler in papermaking. [Display omitted] • Non-edible parts of food waste were valorized as papermaking fillers for paperboard. • The size of the pistachio shell particles had a significant impact on their retention and retention mechanism. • Paperboard with pistachio shell particles showed properties comparable to paperboard with mineral filler. • Pistachio shell particles used in paper are expected to provide economic and environmental advantages. • The research methods serve as a template for future research incorporating agricultural waste into paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papermaking black liquor (BL) contains a large amount of organic matter, alkali, and salt, which has high value in industrial and agricultural production. In the present paper, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology has been employed to deal with BL and corn stalk (CS) under various conditions. A variety of analytical technologies, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, X-Ray Diffraction, element analyzer, comprehensive thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscope, chromatography/mass spectrometry, TOC analyzer, and density functional theory (DFT), were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of hydrochar and aqueous phase product. The effects of experimental parameters (temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and time) on the HTC of BL and CS were systematically investigated. The higher energy yield and densification of hydrochar prepared by our HTC technology were obtained at 260 ℃ in 30 min with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3. Mechanism study indicates that NaOH, which comes from the original BL, could effectively facilitate the cleavage of β –O–4 bond in lignin and β –1–4 glycosidic bond in cellulose and hemicellulose molecules. Hemicellulose and cellulose are more susceptible to degradation relevant to the lignin in the presence of NaOH. Elementary analysis shows that the dosage of BL is important for improving energy densification of hydrochar. The combustion characteristics show that hydrochar presents a thermochemical behavior, which is close to bituminous coal. Owing to hydroxyl ion in NaOH ion pair was consumed in the series of dehydrogenation reactions, pH of HTC aqueous phase product significantly decreases from 11 to 13 in original BL to 4.8–5. Such results indicate that a completely change for the components of BL could be obtained by our HTC technology, which provide a novel idea for the treatment of Papermaking BL without concentration. • HTC of corn stalk and papermaking black liquor to produce hydrochar. • BL is important for improving energy properties and clean performance of hydrochar. • NaOH could cleave β–O–4 bond and β–1–4 glycosidic bond through DFT calculations. • HTC has potential for large-scale implementation in papermaking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]