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Context.—Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) standardization recommended p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (p16 IHC) for biopsies diagnosed morphologically as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 (CIN2) to classify them as low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).Objective.—To describe the relationships of p16 IHC and other biomarkers associated with cervical cancer risk with biopsy diagnoses.Design.—A statewide, stratified sample of cervical biopsies diagnosed by community pathologists (CPs), including 1512 CIN2, underwent a consensus, expert pathologist panel (EP) review (without p16 IHC results), p16 IHC interpretation by a third pathology group, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping, results of which were grouped hierarchically according to cancer risk. Antecedent cytologic interpretations were also available.Results.—Biopsies were more likely to test p16 IHC positive with increasing severity of CP diagnoses, overall (Ptrend ≤ .001) and within each HPV risk group (Ptrend ≤ .001 except for low-risk HPV [Ptrend < .010]). All abnormal grades of CP-diagnosed biopsies were more likely to test p16 IHC positive with a higher HPV risk group (Ptrend < .001), and testing p16 IHC positive was associated with higher HPV risk group than testing p16 IHC negative for each grade of CP-diagnosed biopsies (P < .001). p16 IHC-positive, CP-diagnosed CIN2 biopsies were less likely than CP-diagnosed CIN3 biopsies to test HPV16 positive, have an antecedent HSIL+ cytology, or to be diagnosed as CIN3+ by the EP (P < .001 for all). p16 IHC-positive, CP-diagnosed CIN1 biopsies had lower HPV risk groups than p16 IHC-negative, CP-diagnosed CIN2 biopsies (P < .001).Conclusions.—p16 IHC-positive, CP-diagnosed CIN2 appears to be lower cancer risk than CP-diagnosed CIN3. LAST classification of "HSIL" diagnosis, which includes p16 IHC-positive CIN2, should annotate the morphologic diagnosis (CIN2 or CIN3) to inform all management decisions, which is especially important for young (

This study examines and contrasts the implementation and results of smart initiatives across four domains - smart people, smart economy, smart environment, and information and communication technologies (ICT) - in four large-sized-smart cities: London, Paris, Barcelona, and Milan. By investigating these domains, the study intends to assess the effectiveness of smart city strategies. It examines how technology and data-driven approaches have been implemented to enhance citizen participation, promote environmental sustainability, and stimulate economic growth. This research contributes to an in-depth comprehension of the many facets of smart cities and their potential to transform urban environments.

Pepper is one of the most important vegetable species in Serbia. The use of pepper fruits is very often determined by their type. Tomato-shaped pepper is a fruit type suitable for the pickle processing industry because of its thick pericarp. In this study, several lines of light-yellow tomato-shaped peppers were evaluated in the open field with the aim to develop new variety with appropriate fruit characteristics and without anthocyanin colouration. Eight of selected lines originated from two crosses while two lines originated from variety Novosađanka. Fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit index, pericarp thickness, number of locules, and Brix were measured in technological maturity. According to the obtained data, lines 17 and 24 will be used for further selection process. Line 17 was chosen because of the highest pericarp thickness and high fruit weight and line 24 because of the high content of total soluble solids.

Background: Employee turnover represents permanent withdrawal from the organization, which brings longterm unfavorable consequences, especially when it comes to the voluntary early departure of quality employees. Turnover intention is a preliminary step that can predict the employee's intention to leave and is very often the main precursor to the final decision to leave or stay. In addition to internal organizational influences, a strong influencing factor on such a decision is represented by perceived alternative job opportunities. Purpose: The goal of the paper is, therefore, to examine the employee's perception of the possibilities of alternative employment and their turnover intention to determine that the main factor of the environment strongly shapes thinking in the context of leaving. Study design/methodology/approach: The primary research was conducted on a convenience sample of 423 in 15 medium and large enterprises in Croatia (Slavonia and Baranja region) and in various economic sectors: Agriculture, Industry, Energy, Construction, Services, Trade, Transport, Education, and Tourism and Hospitality. The data were subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis. The influence of sociodemographic variables was also tested to identify possible differences between different groups of employees. Findings/conclusions: The results of the research indicate fairly low rates of turnover intention, with a simultaneous perception of very few or weak possibilities for alternative employment. There are no statistically significant differences between the sociodemographic groups, so all employees, for the most part, do not intend to leave the organization in which they are currently employed, but they also do not think that they could easily be employed elsewhere. Limitations/future research: The biggest limitation is the examination of only these two variables without studying cause-effect relationships, which is also a recommendation for future research. It could be helpful to analyze competitiveness on the labor market, because the situation of the market can also affect the perception of employability, which would determine whether the perceptions are close to the real picture.

Introduction: This review aimed to compile a list of essential variables from the patient assessment, care provided out-of-hospital and the patient handover over process that should be recorded on a Patient Report Form (PRF). A scoping review was conducted to identify articles concerning the recording of medical information on the PRF in the prehospital environment. Methods: A three-step search strategy was used to systemically search published literature. A Boolean method using synonymous phrases related to patient handover variables required for PRF competition was developed based on an initial online search of key phrases. Using the Boolean phrase, a scoping review (guided by a protocol developed a priori) was conducted. The search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Summon and Scopus. A PCC framework was used to guide the inclusion criteria of identified articles. Results: The database search yielded 2461 results. Duplicates (n = 736), articles published prior to the year 2000 (n = 260), and non-English results (n = 30) were removed. The remaining 1435 articles underwent title and abstract screening to determine the relevance to the study topic. This resulted in articles apparently relevant to the study (n = 47) and these underwent full-text review. Following full-text review 25 articles were included in the study. Patient related information and variables detailing the condition of the patient, including, patient demographics, vital signs, patient assessment and treatment initiated and the manner in which this information is transferred during the patient handover are factors that are important during patient hand over. Conclusion: The information on the PRF prevents potential loss of critical patient information and details of the patient's condition and treatment from the prehospital field. The development of an appropriate checklist to quality assure PRF's by ensuring that all vital information is captured on the PRF is proposed.

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic compelled the field of education to swiftly redesign courses for hybrid and online teaching environments. The lack of in-person learning prompted professionals to rapidly incorporate unique and previously never-seen teaching practices in numerous different fields. One of the biggest challenges that educators have been facing during these difficult times is the lack of hands-on technology-based teaching activities under hybrid and online environments. To mitigate this issue, a small, affordable, and 3D-printed visible spectrophotometer (SpectroBox) was developed to allow instructors to rapidly create a portable instrument and provide a hands-on learning experience for students. SpectroBox is mainly a do-it-yourself at-home platform specifically designed for rapid implementation; thus, instructors can deploy SpectroBox under various learning environments, such as remote and hybrid practices. Included parts are in a small package and are transportable via standard parcel delivery; consequently, students can get access to these spectrometric units rapidly and easily. In this work, detailed design, schematics, and step-by-step instructions are presented for instructors to easily incorporate this system. The SpectroBox project was implemented and tested during the Fall 2020 semester, and student assessment data indicated that the theoretical and practical aspects of visible spectroscopy were better understood by 67% of students with this hands-on learning exercise. The final learning outcome of this project was a broad skillset possessed by students, including 3D printable object design, spectrometer assembly, principles of optical spectroscopy, exploration of design components, basic electronics, data acquisition and processing. SpectroBox helped students to fully understand the fundamentals of visible spectroscopy and ultimately improved their expertise in the field of spectroscopy.

Introduction: Medical records are an integral part of patient care. Information loss during the handover from Emergency Care Providers to hospital staff is common and has a significant impact on patient care. Information loss can be prevented with medical documentation that is accurate, complete and contains the relevant information regarding patient management. Patient report Forms (PRF's) are used by Emergency Care Providers to record the details of their patient care and they form part of the patients’ medical records. Quality assuring of PRF's is required to determine if the required information has been recorded on the PRF. Checklists are one the means of quality assuring PRF, by comparing the points on the checklist to the content of the PRF. Methods: An three-round Delphi survey was conducted with experts to determine the relevant information (data elements) required for the completion of a PRF including any additional South African – specific elements. Results: Thirty-two experts participated in the Delphi survey, which identified 166 data elements for the check list and this was refined to a final 133 elements after collation by the researchers. A proposed checklist was developed. Discussion: The Delphi process is a useful technique to develop a checklist. A checklist consisting of 133 total possible data elements to quality assure PRFs was designed. Further research regarding the use and reliability of the checklist is required.

The present contribution reports a systematic review of the literature that analyzed the relationships between teachers' subjective well-being (SWB) and student school experience (i.e., academic performance, academic engagement, student well-being, and student reports of teacher-student interactions). We categorized teachers' well-being into hedonic SWB (e.g., experiencing positive emotions, life satisfaction, job satisfaction) and eudaimonic SWB (e.g., experiencing high psychological functioning or high sense of self-realization). An online search yielded 1872 abstracts that were analyzed for eligibility, yielding a number of 26 studies that were included in the meta-analysis. These 26 contributions (i) reported an empirical research study; (ii) collected data from teachers and students; and (iii) reported zero-order standardized correlation coefficients between teacher data and student data. We found that most studies focused on assessing teachers' psychological functioning (20 studies). Overall results suggested that teachers' eudaimonic SWB had moderate associations with the quality of student-teacher interactions (r = 0.243, 95% CI [0.045; 0.422], k = 9), with students' well-being (r = 0.280, 95% CI [0.117; 0.428], k = 8), and with student engagement (r = 0.250, 95% CI [0.115; 0.375], k = 8). We found weaker correlations between teachers' eudaimonic SWB and student achievement (r = 0.065, 95% CI [0.016; 0.112], k = 8). Our results suggested that teachers' eudaimonic SWB is significantly associated with student-related variables, but the directionality of this relationship needs further investigations.

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) represent a significant clinical problem, and standard approaches to nerve repair have limitations. Recent breakthroughs in 3D printing and stem cell technologies offer a promising solution for nerve regeneration. The main purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical characteristics in muscle tissue distal to a nerve defect in a murine model of peripheral nerve regeneration from physiological stress to failure. Methods: In this experimental study, we enrolled 18 Wistar rats in which we created a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect. Furthermore, we divided them into three groups as follows: in Group 1, we used 3D nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) in seven rats; in Group 2, we used only 3D NGCs for seven rats; and in Group 3, we created only the defect in four rats. We monitored the degree of atrophy at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by measuring the diameter of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. At the end of 12 weeks, we took the TA muscle and analyzed it uniaxially at 10% stretch until failure. Results: In the group of animals with 3D NGCs and ASCs, we recorded the lowest degree of atrophy at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after nerve reconstruction. At 10% stretch, the control group had the highest Cauchy stress values compared to the 3D NGC group (0.164 MPa vs. 0.141 MPa, p = 0.007) and the 3D NGC + ASC group (0.164 MPa vs. 0.123 MPa, p = 0.007). In addition, we found that the control group (1.763 MPa) had the highest TA muscle stiffness, followed by the 3D NGC group (1.412 MPa), with the best muscle elasticity showing in the group in which we used 3D NGC + ASC (1.147 MPa). At failure, TA muscle samples from the 3D NGC + ASC group demonstrated better compliance and a higher degree of elasticity compared to the other two groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the combination of 3D NGC and ASC increases the process of nerve regeneration and significantly improves the compliance and mechanical characteristics of muscle tissue distal to the injury site in a PNI murine model.

TEAD4 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the Hippo pathway by regulating the expression of genes related to proliferation and apoptosis. It is also involved in the maintenance and differentiation of the trophectoderm during pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. An alternative promoter for the TEAD4 gene was identified through epigenetic profile analysis, and a new transcript from the intronic region of TEAD4 was discovered using the 5’RACE method. The transcript of the novel promoter encodes a TEAD4 isoform (TEAD4-ΔN) that lacks the DNA-binding domain but retains the C-terminal protein–protein interaction domain. Gene expression studies, including end-point PCR and Western blotting, showed that full-length TEAD4 was present in all investigated tissues. However, TEAD4-ΔN was only detectable in certain cell types. The TEAD4-ΔN promoter is conserved throughout evolution and demonstrates transcriptional activity in transient-expression experiments. Our study reveals that TEAD4 interacts with the alternative promoter and increases the expression of the truncated isoform. DNA methylation plays a crucial function in the restricted expression of the TEAD4-ΔN isoform in specific tissues, including the umbilical cord and the placenta. The data presented indicate that the DNA-methylation status of the TEAD4-ΔN promoter plays a critical role in regulating organ size, cancer development, and placenta differentiation.

The article aims to address strategies, and the innovation behind smart neighbourhoods in Europe by leveraging technology and data to make cities more efficient, livable, and sustainable as the current need of urban development. The article’s focus point is the assessment of project cases in Aspern (Vienna), Brainport (Eindhoven), Santa Gulia (Milan), Harbor City (Oslo), Hafen City (Hamburg), and Nordhavn (Copenhagen), to showcase the most driven factors for planning and designing smart neighbourhoods. The study explores various literature for designing smart neighbourhoods that serve as a starting point of smart city initiatives for the urban development of smart cities and should continue beyond city boundaries to entail decentralized energy generation systems, electric charging stations, electric vehicles, and storage facilities which contribute on the neighbourhoods’ development. Conversely, it was also apparent that all of the plans for smart neighborhoods are still being implemented, that there is a lot of experimentation going on, and that the neighborhoods are continuously being improved to better serve their communities. Overall, the included smart neighbourhoods have demonstrated several approaches to being intelligent and sustainable by continuously aiming to develop in higher smart levels such as providing a more sustainable and eco-friendly life for its citizens through a variety of projects. By combining these approaches, smart neighbourhoods can continue to progress, which will significantly improve the quality of life for those who live there.

Monitoring the health status of narrow-leaved ash tree seedlings (forest office Morović, locality Vinična) in the early spring of 2015, after the catastrophic floods in May 2014, revealed presence of large dark necrotic areas on 1-2 year old sprouts. The isola­tion of the fungal pathogen was done by standard phytopathological protocols. Three repre­sentative isolates (K41, K42 and K78) were preliminary detected and purified by a single-spore technique for further morphological, molecular analyses and pathogenicity testing. Morphological characteristics classified the isolates as Fusarium tricinctum. Tested isolates on narrow leaved ash sprouts caused reddish brown elongated necrotic lesions averaged 20.1 mm. Two marker genes, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), were used in this study. Using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searching engine, nucleotide sequences were compared to all related sequences. Alignement score resulted in 98.9% identities with F. tricinctum for isolate K78, while isolates K41 and K42 showed 94.1% and 94.3% identities with F. tricinctum complex respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. tricinctum pathogen infection on flood stressed narrow-leaved ash trees in Serbia.

Tissue fibrosis is characterized by chronic fibroblast activation and consequently excessive accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix. In vitro microplate-based assays are essential to investigate the underlying mechanism and the effect of antifibrotic drugs. In this study, in the absence of a gold-standard method, we optimized a simple, cost-effective, Sirius Red-based colorimetric measurement to determine the collagen production of fibroblasts grown on 96-well tissue culture plates. Based on our findings, the use of a serum-free medium is recommended to avoid aspecific signals, while ascorbate supplementation increases the collagen production of fibroblasts. The cell-associated collagens can be quantified by Sirius Red staining in acidic conditions followed by alkaline elution. Immature collagens can be precipitated from the culture medium by acidic Sirius Red solution, and after subsequent centrifugation and washing steps, their amount can be also measured. Increased attention has been paid to optimizing the assay procedure, including incubation time, temperature, and solution concentrations. The resulting assay shows high linearity and sensitivity and could serve as a useful tool in fibrosis-related basic research as well as in preclinical drug screening.