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Population growth and improvements in people's lifestyles encourage increased consumption of electrical energy. Fossil energy as a fuel for providing electricity has very limited availability so a transition to renewable energy is needed. One area that can be an alternative to renewable energy is the Puri Indah Permai residence in South Sulawesi with quite good sun intensity and wind speed. This research aims to find out the amount of electrical energy that can be produced from a hybrid power plant at the Puri Indah Permai housing complex, to find out the amount of costs required to produce each kWh of electricity, to find out the comparison of production costs from the hybrid power plant at the Puri Indah Permai residence to the tariff. basic electricity PT. PLN and to find out the investment costs for a hybrid power plant in the Puri Indah Permai housing complex. This research uses simulations using Homer software version 3.14.2. It can be concluded that the electrical energy that can be produced on a land area of 100,000 m2 for scenario 1 is 1,574,030 kWh/yr and for scenario 2 is 1,328,351 kWh/yr., the energy production cost for each kWh of electricity is Rp. 3600 for scenario 1 and scenario 2 of Rp. 1356. The comparison of hybrid energy production with PLN's basic electricity tariff is 1:2.66 for scenario 1 and scenario 2 is 1:1.13. The investment cost for this power generation system for scenario 1 is Rp. 7.54 billion and scenario 2 amounting to Rp. 24.10 billion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring and protecting power plants with turbine vibration energy so that the generated electrical energy data can be monitored in real time and also as a protection when the vibrational energy generated could potentially harm the equipment or the surrounding environment. The mechanics of this system use a piezoelectric component attached by a holding pillar with a permanent magnet base that can be activated or turned off using a pin, then this monitoring system works by detecting the voltage and current generated by the piezoelectrician then processed by the microprocessor, the resulting data will be displayed on the LCD screen and will be stored on a memory card so that the data recorded can be used for other research purposes. On this device also available communication terminals that can be connected to various other devices such as smartphones, computers, or other IOT technology. Prior to being applied to large-scale power plant turbines, the current data collection method is being implemented in the State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang Laboratory, using microcontrollers to process voltage data from Piezoelectric as well as vibration data that is synchronized with the time at the time of data collection. The voltage generated at the start of the experiment will continue to increase for 60 seconds as the given vibration energy increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the feasibility of extracting vibration energy from water turbines in hydroelectric power plants as a means of diversifying renewable energy sources. The utilization of a piezoelectric generator was investigated to harness vibration energy and convert it into electrical energy during the operational phases of a water turbine plant. This process was envisioned as a valuable contribution to enhancing the overall reliability of such power plants. The design incorporated a portable clamp to secure the piezoelectric generator strategically within the water turbine generator, ensuring minimal interference with its regular operation. Experiments provided empirical data, indicating an average electricity generation of 249.78 mV. The frequency of vibration was recorded at 181.58 Hz, with an accompanying amplitude of 1.57 m/s². These findings underscore the potential of harnessing vibration energy from water turbines, showcasing the viability of piezoelectric technology for sustainable energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For any construction work, welding forms the basic building block of any industry, say it be Thermal Power Plant, Petrochemical,and Fabrication etc. As in our case defects in welding in ESP is not desirable due to its direct effect on the performance of the ESP and durability of ESP. During, our work cycle we witnessed many welding defects in ESP. These defects were not only stretching our project duration but also admissible to financial aspect too, hence forth we decided to know about the root cause of the defect to pave out a generalized parameters which can restrict any defect in weld. We were not only successful in formulating the generalized parameter but also justify the outcome of the parameter with a mechanical test so that our finding can have a justification for its application in several Industries. This study does not have a finding but also increased the learning curve as it was directly executed by competent welders, who executed the job in actual industrial scenario with limited resources. Hence, making the finding more robust in application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, renewable energy sources are seen as feasible solutions for solving the concerns of global warming and stabilizing the energy crisis. The most accessible kind of renewable energy is solar energy. Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are used to turn the heat energy from the sun's energy into electricity, which can then be consumed. The solar PV modules are often employed in arid locations, such as desert areas, where there is an abundance of heat, sand, dust particles, etc. As a result, dust particles gathers on photovoltaic panels, decreasing the amount of sunlight that reaches the photovoltaic cells and thus minimizing the overall power output. As a result, cleaning the solar panels has become absolutely essential. However, cleaning the panels is extremely difficult if the plant size is large, requiring large amount of water and being expensive. Overall, cleaning the panels is a laborious and time-consuming task, also brushing them may cause damage. As a result, a contact-less cleaning system has developed which consist of high pressure jet nozzle that sprays compressed air and pressurized water to remove dust and hard stains. CFD analysis was conducted on the nozzle using ANSYS software to determine the ideal velocity applied by air and water on panels and the area covered by the nozzles in order to improve the panel's efficiency, their lifespan, and to minimize water waste. The project's objective is to showcase a contact-less cleaning system and finding out the effectiveness of anti-reflective and self-cleaning NanoCoating SiO2 and TiO2 on solar panel surface in terms of efficiency of solar panels. Self-cleaning NanoCoating is used to improve light transmission and preventing any form of dust from adhering. It eliminate dust and other sticky particles from the panels while consuming less water, hence enhancing solar panel's capacity to generate electricity. In addition, Cost Analysis and Data Analysis was conducted on the power generated data which was collected for three respective months in the years 2020 (Uncoated and Irregular cleaning), 2021 (Uncoated and regular cleaning), & 2022 (NanoCoating with regular cleaning) to examine the effectiveness of cleaning in terms of power generation and to evaluate the cost required for cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If a wind power plant (WPP) is included in the hydroelectric power plant (HPP), then it is necessary to have a model of the WPP operation and carry out an analysis of the joint energy production and the possibilities of increasing the reliability of energy supply. The wind regime in the area where the WPP is located depends on the general wind climate of the given territory and local factors, such as: height above ground level; shading of the point by foreign objects; surface roughness; orography or relief. Taking into account the fact that the nearest weather station and the considered area where the WPP is located are in similar conditions of large-scale climatic factors that determine the general wind circulation, the difference in wind conditions at the locations of the wind energy installations (WEI) will be determined only by local factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the types and power of water treatment devices used in thermal power plants are used in high-level treatment of waste water and turbine condensate desalination, and their power depends on the condition of thermal power plants and the amount of water and steam used, their chemical composition, and applied in this field Information on the dependence of chemical substances on their composition is provided. At the same time, the calculation of the consumption of chemical reagents used in the treatment of waste water in thermal power plants, the chemical composition of the waste water produced during the use of ion filters, and the determination of the amount of polluted water and its retreatment are also covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In thermal power plants in Uzbekistan, the drainless recycling cooling system is widespread, in which water of the most favorable and constant quality and heated in the condenser turbines are used in the water treatment plant thermal power plant. Since the recycling cooling system uses technical raw water, low solubility deposits (scale) are formed on heat exchange surfaces in turbine capacitors. It is believed that the cause of precipitation is the concentration of low soluble water components by evaporation of water in cooling towers. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the deposits formed on the heat exchange surface of the capacitors, the temperature pressure increases. As is known from the scientific and technical literature, the pressure in the turbine capacitors depends on the contamination of the cooling surface. Because of this, the vacuum worsens. The deterioration of the vacuum leads to an over-consumption of steam. Thus, the aim of this work is to increase the operational efficiency of the recycling cooling system of the thermal power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the technical effectiveness of improving maintenance and repair systems for high-power turbogenerators to extend their service life by introducing new, non-standard means of analysis and control using the example of serial TVV turbogenerators. Today, the demand for electricity is increasing every day, and based on these needs, providing the population with high-quality electricity is one of the urgent tasks of our time. Cooling the stator coils of mass-produced high-power TVV turbogenerators at thermal power plants causes a number of problems on hot summer days, as a result, most of the generated electricity is spent in the cooling system, stator coils of channel water on hot summer days. As a result of sudden overheating, frequent clogging of distilled water in the rod holes without good passage, the wedge heats up and negatively affects the cooling of the turbogenerator stator winding, and to reduce waste in the turbogenerator stator winding, the method of cooling the turbogenerator stator winding has been changed, increasing the reliability of the turbogenerator during operation has been analyzed due to its improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, based on the cooling system with Polycarbonate and Aluminum channels, maintaining the efficiency of the solar panel and heating the water with excess heat in it is considered through mathematical modeling. Taking into account the number of solar elements, the length of the channel, the temperature change of the solar panel and water over time at different values of 0.002-0.004 m/s of the speed of the water entering the channels of the cooling system was analyzed. The calculations assumed that the device was placed in the sun at 10:00 AM and the initial inlet water temperature was 25°C, and the duration of the calculation was taken from 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a thermal power plant, water treatment plants are used to perform body losses in the main steam cycle using one of the following methods of water preparation: chemical, thermal, membrane or combination of them. One of the main advantages of thermal desalination is the low impact on environmental pollution. In the light of the ever-increasing environmental demands on energy processing systems, thermal desalination is becoming an increasingly preferred method of water treatment, since it allows wastewater to be used as feed water for evaporators. In our country, multi-stage evaporation units are quite widespread. They are used as operating units in industrial heating plants and as backup for condensation plants. These units have high thermal costs and are characterized by an excess of secondary vapour of the last evaporation step, which needs to be continuously removed from the plant to avoid loss of productivity. The main objective of this work is to minimize the total and thermal costs of the production of additive water in the main steam turbine cycle of the thermal power plant and the treatment of wastewater in evaporation complexes, as well as to determine the technical economic effectiveness of applying some technical solutions for the recovery of excess steam in multi-stage evaporation units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply of energy needed by human societies is one of the most important issues facing experts due to the increasing technological growth and energy demand. In addition to discovering new energy sources, improving the performance of existing systems is also considered as an effective way to achieve this goal. Among the various methods of improving the performance of power generation systems, heat-waste recovery of power plants is focused by researchers. In this research, five different arrangements of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle have been used as heat recovery of Heydariyeh gas turbine power plant located in Iraq and their effects on the performance of the power plant has been studied. For this purpose, energy and exergy analysis has been used and the performance of these cycles in recovering energy from the heat lost by the mentioned power plant has been evaluated. The results indicate the ability to recover a maximum of 20.8MW of power by supercritical cycles proposed in this study. Indeed, adding this amount of power to the production capacity of Heydariyeh power plant will improve its efficiency by 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing need for economically viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable power sources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming more popular. The efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system is greatly influenced by its tilt angle and orientation. Few scientists investigated the impact of tilt angles on photovoltaic efficiency to produce electricity under the Baghdad climate. An experimental investigation was conducted to detect the difference in PV efficiency and electrical characteristics at various tilt angles in Baghdad circumstances. In this study, the solar PV plant consisting of two PV panels was used. The efficiency of the solar PV plant was evaluated during the months of June, July, August, and November under tilt angles namely (15°, 33°, 45°and 55°). Results show that the best experimental inclination angle for PV-panels during summer season is 15° degree for the months June, July, August, and November. This allows for higher power developed and improved PV-panels operating efficiency. During the July month, the PV-array efficiency was found in the range of 10 to 12% for different inclination angles. The experimental findings reveal that the acceptable tilt angle for Baghdad climate is 15°. This angle will capture the most energy from the sun and thus improve its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chance to use sunlight as a clean source of energy has arisen as a result of a gradual rise in user requests for eco-friendly power sources and severe government laws for their usage, because its production from a renewable, natural, and eco-friendly resource, in this paper, the performances characteristics of the liquid pumping unit were investigated experimentally when running the laboratory pumping rig by photovoltaic power system under various operating conditions. The study checks the best tilt angle to maximize the output energy. Tests have been performed under various tilt angles 45° and 32°, with a sunny weather condition and within a period between (11:00:00 AM to 4:00:00 PM). The experimental results of the work show that the best PV panel tilt angle to produce maximum power output was at 32˚, also, output power was proportional to radiation, increasing the irradiance will increase the output power of the PV panels. In addition, storing energy into the battery was compensate source of power to continue the pump running during reduced solar radiation. The daily output of the solar pumping system varies according to the amount of direct sunlight that falls on the solar panel, that mean with the increased sunlight the water pumping increased about 24.9 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply of energy needed by human societies is one of the most important issues facing experts due to the increasing technological growth and energy demand. In addition to discovering new energy sources, improving the performance of existing systems is also considered as an effective way to achieve this goal. Among the various methods of improving the performance of power generation systems, heat-waste recovery of power plants is focused by researchers. In this research, five different arrangements of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle have been used as heat recovery of Heydariyeh gas turbine power plant located in Iraq and their effects on the performance of the power plant has been studied. For this purpose, energy and exergy analysis has been used and the performance of these cycles in recovering energy from the heat lost by the mentioned power plant has been evaluated. The results indicate the ability to recover a maximum of 20.8MW of power by supercritical cycles proposed in this study. Indeed, adding this amount of power to the production capacity of Heydariyeh power plant will improve its efficiency by 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to contribute to ending the electricity crisis in Iraq, as it is country rich in solar energy due to its location close to the equator. Electric power stations, which use traditional fuels, are unable to provide the population's electricity needs throughout the day. Moreover, electricity distribution lines sometimes malfunction due to high temperatures. This paper recommends solar energy as an optimal solution to the electricity problem in Iraq. Because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. The paper also focused on techniques that would improve the efficiency of the solar power system. This was achieved by designing and building a solar tracking system to absorb the largest possible amount of solar energy and increase electrical energy production, in addition to building a cooling system consisting of a small pump and nozzles that pump water in the form of a volatile mist to get rid of excess heat from the solar panels at the temperature It rises to extreme levels. The system is also equipped with a cleaning mechanism to rinse the solar panel once, which is harmful to getting dirt and dust because dust is the negative factor that affects the generation capacity of the solar panels. The solar tracking system and the cleaning system are operated by a control unit made in the local markets that work with the Internet of Things (LOT) system and is programmed in the Python language and depends on data completely on the Internet. As for the cooling system, it supplies energy during the day directly from the solar panel, depending on the temperature sensor. The results reveal that the solar tracking, cooling, and cleaning system has significantly improved the production capacity of the solar system and can achieve an energy gain of 39.68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical and chemical effects in the boiler of steam power plants are a complex problem due to the disturbance of water/steam level in the upper drum. This work introduces an experimental study for the mechanical effects problem presented by the disturbance in the upper drum. The experimental work is applied to the steam power plant (Didacta Italia made) at Damascus University. Two values of firing rate and mass flow rate of steam demand changing at (10and 20%) are investigated. The results gave decreasing in shrink and swell dynamics effect of 17 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of renewable energy sources is a priority of the present in the energy transition that is imposed worldwide. Currently, renewable energy conversion technologies are in the technological maturity phase, but the problem of the intermittency of these energy sources has required the integration of energy storage systems produced in excess, in certain periods, systems that still pose problems for both researchers and dispatchers national of energy systems. The article deals with the case of supplying buildings where there no permitted interruptions in the electricity supply and their vital consumers (hospitals, clinics, etc.) are not foreseen. The experimental model approaches the solution of supplying the safety installations of the building and their vital consumers without the need for a backup source equipped with internal combustion engine or electrochemical battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a country that relies on its electricity consumption from the coal power plant, the production of fly ash as a coal power plant by-product in Indonesia is high. However, fly ash consumption in Indonesia was reported to be below. One promising attempt to increase fly ash consumption is introducing high amounts of fly ash as cement replacement in producing innovative mortar. However, this novel mortar's early age properties are still scarcely reported. Thus, this research tested the early age properties of high-volume fly ash mortar (HVA). Two compositions of HVA that used 50% and 75% cement replacement were produced. The workability, setting time, and seven days old compressive strength of mortar were tested. The result shows that increasing the amount of fly ash in the mortar mixture proved to increase the workability and delay the setting time of fresh mortar. The compressive strength of 7 days old mortar decreased with the increase of fly ash amount. In conclusion, the maximum recommended cement replacement in the mortar with fly ash was 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on modelling process and thermal efficiency analysis by using exergy analysis, for Brayton Recompression Cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as the working fluid for the generation of electrical energy. Recently, the recompression sequence was developed into a supercritical CO2 pilot power plant with a capacity of 252 kW by Sandia National Laboratories. Software of Aspen HYSYS is used for the modelling process and the efficiency identification method was carried out by the exergy analysis of the cycle from the data of pilot plant developed by Sandia National Laboratories. Exergy analysis is used for identifying location the occurs of heat loss (exergy destruction). Based on the pilot plant data, we design larger capacity supercritical CO2 power plant with a capacity of 10 MW and analyses the economic feasibility based on capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). The modelling results are validated and have an offset of 5% from the actual data. The results of the exergy analysis show that the largest heat loss occurs in the HTR (High Temperature Recuperator) device, which is 62.9 kW or 15.2% of the available exergy. The overall exergy efficiency of the cycle is 237.1 kW or 57.3% of the available exergy. From the economic feasibility study, it shows the value of 37 million USD for CAPEX and 3.7 million USD for OPEX per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal power plants provide the majority of the power in an integrated power system. The load patterns vary greatly between peak and off-peak hours. As a result, sufficient energy output is required to fulfill the rising energy demand. The system operator's difficulty is determining which units should be decommissioned and for how long, or in other terms, thermal unit scheduling. As a corollary, the commitment to thermal units is described as committed sufficient units to transmit power to a network or system in the most efficient manner possible depending on load demand. It's a nonlinear mixed-integer optimization technique with several constraints. One strategy is presented for the purpose of resolving the thermal unit commitment issue (TUCP) in this study, out of many conventional and random search techniques. The ideal solution for TUCP with four and ten generating units was obtained using evolutionary programming, and the production cost was found to be lower than using dynamic programming. On the other hand, the calculation time is longer, which is advantageous for large-scale execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of a hybrid renewable energy system is better than that of a single source. Fuzzy based Adaptive sliding mode control (F-ASMC) from a freestanding single-phase microgrid system with enhanced power quality. Because of their complementary nature benefit, wind and solar combination are the most promising method of energy generation. The microgrid system includes a governor-less 1-Φ, 2-winding, self-excited IG (induction generator) with a wind-driven brushless magnet DC generator, photovoltaic array, battery energy storage system, and integrating with voltage source converter. To evaluate the reference source current, which controls the VSC single stage and regulates the microgrid voltage and frequency, as well as harmonic current reduction, the F-ASMC-based control algorithm is used. The proposed F-ASMC calculates the system's actual and reactive benchmarks, which may be adjusted to account for changing costs. The SMC system is used to evaluate the system's real energy reference to ensure energy balance between micro-hydro, photovoltaic power, wind and BESS, which controls independent microgrid frequency. The MATLAB Simulink simulation results show that the grid voltage (V) and frequency (f) remains same when the system fluctuates abruptly and power is intermittently penetrated by wind and solar power sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maldives' optimal options for renewable energy systems are determined using a model analysis that is provided in this paper. The systems' technical and financial performance was examined using the HOMER simulation tool. Malé, the nation's capital as well as the four inhabited outlying islands that represent the majority of the Maldivian islands— Uligamu, Fehendhoo, Hanimaadhoo and Nolhivaranfaru were used for the investigation. Studies and comparisons have been conducted on a number of systems that utilize photovoltaic (PV), wind, and biomass electricity generators. Regarding outer islands of the Maldives: Uligamu, Fehendhoo, Hanimaadhoo and Nolhivaranfaru, a hybrid system of photovoltaic, wind, and biomass is the most intriguing option for these islands because using biomass is worthy way to complement the fluctuations in the production of energy from photovoltaic and wind under variable weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on evaluating the advantages and limitations of implementing Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance (RBIM) in the power plant industry. RBIM aims to enhance maintenance practices by considering equipment failure risks. The study utilizes a mixed methods approach, including case studies, a literature review, and analyzing data. The findings underscore the positive impact of RBIM on efficiency and effectiveness, emphasizing the potential for cost reduction and improved risk assessment accuracy. Key recommendations include promoting transparency in reporting, early problem detection, and data-driven decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a case study enabling the performance evaluation of the Al-khairat power plant in Karbala city based on the application of the Pinch Analysis (PA) method to determine the best possible heat recovery (Qrec.) available in the plant and how can this be used to minimise energy consumption and save energy. PA has been used to study integration in several processes to help develop optimum heat transfer and minimise total cost: such work has also allowed the development of a Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) design to support this process. Al-khairat power plant consists of 10 units, each of which generates 125 MW; thus, the overall production of the plant is 1,250 MW. Unit 3 was selected as a representative unit for this study, based on its performance stability throughout the year. The data from control room facilities was then used to theoretically calculate the relevant heat loads (ΔH), which were applied in a Composite Curve (CC) to evaluate the Qrec. However, the results suggested that PA may not be effectively applied in this power plant, with similar conclusions being obtained from the application of simulation software (Aspen Energy Analyzer, AEA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to the development of a method for optimal load distribution between units of thermal stations using geometric programming. Load distribution problems for thermal power plants, including turbines, boilers, units and other components, are complex and relevant in the context of energy systems. The paper discusses optimization features for condensing turbine units, blocks and boilers. The use of geometric programming makes it possible to simplify the conditions for the most favorable distribution, providing effective methods for solving the problem. The developed method not only provides optimal load distribution, but also takes into account various technical characteristics and limitations of plant components. The results of the study represent a significant contribution to the field of optimization of energy systems, and the proposed method can be effectively used in practical problems of controlling thermal power plants to improve their efficiency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]