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This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Republic of Iceland's history, geography, and coordinate system. It explains that Iceland was settled by Irish monks and Norwegians in the 9th century and gained independence in 1918. The terrain of Iceland is characterized by plateaus, mountains, and ice fields, with a coastline spanning 4,988 km. The article delves into the Reykjavík Datum of 1900, which served as the coordinate system for Iceland at that time, and provides information on the projection used and the parameters for converting to the WGS 84 Datum. The text also explores the various horizontal datums employed in Iceland for mapping and geodetic purposes, including the Reykjavík 1900, Hjörsey55, Akureyri 1900, Reykjavík 1945, and ISN93 datums. It emphasizes the significance of accurate datums for applications such as construction and monitoring natural hazards, as well as the necessity of a network of tide gauges to track sea level rise. [Extracted from the article]

Dynamics of intramolecular electronic energy transfer in bichromophoric molecules, consisting of two coumarins linked by a variable number of methylene groups, is investigated by multifrequency phase-modulation fluorometry. From observation of the acceptor delayed emission, information on the rate of transfer can be obtained. © 1985.

This article provides an overview of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, focusing on its geography, history, and geodetic surveys. It discusses the country's location on the equator and its borders with neighboring countries, as well as its diverse climate. The article also delves into the colonial history of the Congo and the establishment of the Congo Free State. It provides information on geodetic surveys conducted in the country, such as the Katanga Triangulation and the use of different datums. The article concludes with an update on the delimitation of the maritime area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, it mentions the availability of MRS-4, a resource that offers animated illustrations and videos to enhance the reader's experience. MRS-4 can be accessed by ASPRS Members as a member benefit or purchased by non-members, and readers are directed to a specific website for access. [Extracted from the article]

Heart transplantation in a recipient with giant left atrium is rare. To correct the mismatch between recipient and donor at the level of the left atrium, plication of the left atrium has been proposed. We report a case in which plication was not feasible owing to significant calcification of the left atrial wall and tight pericardial adhesions resulting from two previous sternotomies. Creating a pulmonary venous confluence allows orthotopic heart transplantation with any size of left atrium and conformation of pulmonary veins in cases of significant calcification or redo sternotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents the case of a 14-year-old patient with clinical features of Marfan syndrome who underwent an emergency Bentall procedure for acute type A aortic dissection. The patient required postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and was listed for heart transplantation because of persistent left ventricular failure caused by an intimal tear and thrombosis of the left main coronary artery. Heart transplantation was performed 5 days after the first procedure, and the patient was discharged 60 days after admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the history of the Kingdom of Sweden and its coordinate system. It explains that Sweden has been inhabited since the Stone Age and became a constitutional monarchy in 1809. The country's terrain is mostly flat with mountains along the Norwegian border. The article also discusses the mapping of villages and farms in Sweden, as well as the country's triangulation efforts and the development of its projection systems. The National Land Survey is the current national mapping organization in Sweden. The document goes on to provide information on the geodetic systems and coordinate systems used in Sweden, including ellipsoidal parameters and projections such as Gauss's Hanoverian projection and the Transverse Mercator projection. It also mentions different coordinate systems like RT 90 and SWEREF 99, and provides transformation parameters between them. The article highlights advancements in technology, such as the use of GNSS stations and the implementation of a new national height system. [Extracted from the article]

Louisiana State University Center for GeoInformatics, as part of Regional Geospatial Modeling research funded by the National Geodetic Sun·ey (NGS) and Louisiana Board of Regents, is developing relationships among, aric, us gec, detic vertical data. Louisiana's geology is drnamic, making research here particularly interesting. This report is about an effort to prove the effectiveness of the first, foundational step toward an objective of relating terrestrial gravimetric potentials to the geodetic heightsl using the global nm'igation satellite system (GNSS) continuously operating reference station (CORS) antenna reference points (ARPs). It is being accomplished via trigonometric leveling techniques (tacheometry) with precision approaching il nini which determine the relative heights of a conventional benchmark to the ARP. Dependent steps to be followed include gravimetry and deflection of the vertical observation and are a subject for another time. A CORS antenna was temporarily· erected on the Engineering Research and Development building on the LSU campus iii Baton Rouge. Monuments wei-e installed at ground level nearb, to facilitate proof of the technique. A state-of-the-art I.eica TDRA6000 theodolite/total station was acquired for making the observations. One nioitument set nearly vertically below the antenna acts as a model CORS reference mark (RM). Several sets of observations were made. The difference was verified using a steel tape and a level offset from the ARP, and a handheld laser range finder. The result is the excellent consistency of relative heights within nearly 1 mm among the obsen'ation points. This result supports efforts to provide (1) precise elevations relative to the CORS and therefore the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), and (2) a ft)undation from which one can develop several related surfaces, particularly a more precise geoid model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the current state of evidence regarding the influence of orthognathic surgery on the perception of personality traits in dysmorphic patients by laypersons. The MEDLINE database was searched for relevant studies using the search strategy: ("Personality"[Mesh]) AND ("Orthognathic Surgery"[Mesh] OR "Orthognathic Surgical Procedures"[Mesh]). A qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the results was performed. Descriptive statistics were used. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Five studies, published between 2012 and 2018, remained after screening. Seventy-two dysmorphic patients and 12 class I control individuals were rated based on a total of 296 pre- and postoperative photographs or videos. The available data showed concordant results. Dysgnathic patients were more negatively perceived than class I patients for both aesthetic and personality dimensions. Compared to control class I patients, class II patients were perceived as more flexible, less confident, and less intelligent, whereas class III patients were characterized by dominance, aggressivity, and brutality. Dysgnathic patients showed an improvement in the postoperative ratings but did not reach the ratings attributed to the control class I group in most traits evaluated. This added understanding should help surgeons to counsel their patients in a realistic and reasonable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best valvular substitute remains controversial in young adults with active aortic valve endocarditis. The Ross procedure has gained interest because of its theoretical resistance to infection. We aimed to report our long-term outcomes of the Ross procedure in this indication. Between March 1992 and January 2019, 511 patients underwent a Ross procedure in our institution. Among them, we included 38 patients who suffered from an active aortic valve infective endocarditis. The mean age was 33.9 ± 8.1 years. Six patients had emergent procedures and 17 patients had perivalvular involvement. A pulmonary autograft was implanted using the full root technique in 78.9% of patients. Median follow-up was 12 (interquartile range, 1.75-16.25) years. The hospital mortality rate was 5.3%. Estimated overall survival was 84.2% ± 6.6% at 10 years. There were 2 cases of recurrent endocarditis, both requiring reoperation. Six other patients required reoperation on an autograft or homograft. Estimated freedom from recurrent endocarditis or reoperation was 89.4% ± 5.9% at 10 years. In experienced centers, the Ross procedure is a reliable alternative to prosthetic or homograft valve replacement in young adults experiencing active aortic valve endocarditis, with a low operative risk and good long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the assessment and planning of energy systems, use of simulations is a crucial step. They allow the quantification of techno-economic potential to subsequently aid decision-making amongst various technological or design choices. In these software, environmental analysis is either too simplified or neglected completely since a conventional life cycle assessment (LCA) study might not be feasible to account for different variabilities related to scale, scope, energy carriers, etc. In this paper, we integrate techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from polymer exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis with life cycle assessment. This step-by-step guideline will be useful especially for professionals working in energy system design to develop a LCA model for PEM in their respective software. Consequently, this will enable them to take environmental indicators into account while planning facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library schools should work toward establishing interdisciplinary degree programs using the resources of the entire university, and plan and manage imaginative programs based on specific needs of students. These schools should carefully examine the particular needs of future media center personnel and school librarians. (Author/CMV)

This article provides a concise overview of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, focusing on its history, geography, and geodetic survey data. It highlights the diverse cultural influences in the country's history, including the Carïbs, African slaves, and British colonial settlers. The geodetic survey of Saint Vincent began in 1946, and the article includes coordinates and measurements of various points on the island. It also mentions the use of the British West Indies Grid coordinate system and a GPS survey conducted by the United States National Geodetic Survey in 1996. The article concludes with a list of maps available for the Grenadines and St Vincent, noting that it may not include all editions and does not cover geological and land use mapping. The author's views are their own and do not represent any official views or policies. [Extracted from the article]