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ABSTRACT Objective: to know health professionals’ perceptions about care actions provided to children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome and their families. Methods: this is a qualitative study, carried out in a capital of center-western Brazil, based on the Unified Health System theoretical precepts. Data were collected in September and October 2020, through audio-recorded interviews with 12 health professionals from a specialized service and submitted to analysis of content, thematic modality. Results: the implementation of care actions with these children occurs through multidimensional assessment of children and their families, use of the Unique Therapeutic Project, therapeutic interventions for the development of children and the communication and exchange of interprofessional and family experiences, in addition to considering professionals’ prior knowledge and their search for it. Final considerations: children with CZS and their families need individualized, frequent, integrated and continuous care.

The interaction of HIV-1, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and elite controllers (EC) compose a still intricate triad. Elite controllers maintain a very low viral load and a normal CD4 count, even without antiretrovirals. There is a lot of diversity in HIV subtypes and HLA alleles. The most common subtype in each country varies depending on its localization and epidemiological history. As we know EC appears to maintain an effective CD8 response against HIV. In this phenomenon, some alleles of HLAs are associated with a slow progression of HIV infection, others with a rapid progression. This relationship also depends on the virus subtype. Epitopes of Gag protein-restricted by HLA-B*57 generated a considerable immune response in EC. However, some mutations allow HIV to escape the CD8 response, while others do not. HLA protective alleles, like HLA-B*27, HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*58:01, that are common in Caucasians infected with HIV-1 Clade B, do not show the same protection in sub-Saharan Africans infected by HIV-1 Clade C. Endogenous pathway of antigen processing and presentation is used to present intracellular synthesized cellular peptides as well as viral protein fragments via the MHC class I molecule to the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Some epitopes are immunodominant, which means that they drive the immune reaction to some virus. Mutation on an anchor residue of epitope necessary for binding on MHC class I is used by HIV to escape the immune system. Mutations inside or flanking an epitope may lead to T cell lack of recognition and CTL escape. Studying how immunodominance at epitopes drives the EC in a geographically dependent way with genetics and immunological elements orchestrating it may help future research on vaccines or immunotherapy for HIV.

Dietary factors may influence the process of atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification (CAC). This study assessed CAC and its association with dietary intake in asymptomatic men. We evaluated 150 asymptomatic men with mean age of 58.2±5.3 years. The dietary intake was assessed by the Food Consumption Register method. CAC was measured through multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and assessed in accordance with the Agatston score. Modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the effects of intake of different nutrients that are prevalent in moderate/severe CAC, adjusted for calorie intake and CAC risk factors by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]. An association was found between the intake of some nutrients and moderate/severe CAC. Lower carbohydrate intake (P=0.021) and higher lipid intake (P=0.006) were associated with moderate/severe CAC. After adjustment, the nutrients associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC were carbohydrates (P=0.040), lipids (P=0.005), and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P=0.013). A 1% increase in lipids and SFA intake caused an increase of 4% [95%CI: 1-7%] and 8% [95%CI: 2-14%] in the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC, respectively. A 1% increase of carbohydrate intake led to a 2% decrease in the likelihood of moderate/severe CAC [95%CI: 1-4%]. These conclusions showed that the higher intake of total lipids and SFA was associated with higher CAC scores, whereas higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower CAC scores in asymptomatic men.

Differential and integral calculus textbooks are widely used as the main resource for teaching. They appear in a variety of forms and adopt various approaches to present the content. In this paper, we turn our attention to one chapter of a calculus textbook and our focus is on the introduction of the derivative concept. With the purpose of examining the presentation of the derivative concept in the textbook, we give a view of Peirce's semiotics, in particular of his classification of sign-vehicles. The analysis allows us to point out that the sign-vehicle in relation to the derivative concept may be iconic, indexical, or symbolic. These do not constitute mutually exclusive kinds of signs, but they are interrelated in such a way that we can identify iconicity in indexicality and indexicality in symbolicity. We conclude that the textbook has the potential to enable students to conceptualize the derivative. However, in some aspects, the book may constrain students' conceptualization and it could be improved to meet the students' needs to make meaning of the derivative concept.

This paper aims to investigate the following question: How do students use mathematics in modeling activities? With this purpose, the paper reports on mathematization and use of mathematics, and deals with empirical data with focus on modeling activities performed by students in the first year and in the fourth year of a degree in mathematics. After the description of a theoretical framework of modelling, what can be seen by means of a qualitative analysis is that the perception of messy world situations leads to idealization, and the idealized situation acts as the basis for mathematization in each activity. The mathematization in turn leads to different mathematics concepts, tools and procedures. The use of mathematics that students perform is anchored in their previous experiences, be it in their experiences with the concepts and tools of mathematics, or in their experiences with mathematical modeling practices. Besides that, after this process students have advanced and have expanded their knowledge and made significant progress by means of a balance between teacher guidance and students' independence. Moreover, beyond mathematical knowledge, the research indicated that success in performing modeling activities also requires knowledge-based mathematical modeling anticipation.

Resumo: Neste artigo investigamos o processo comunicacional estabelecido em um contexto cujo foco é ensinar e aprender o fazer modelagem matemática. Nossas reflexões se fundamentam em um quadro teórico, considerando elementos da semiótica peirceana, associados à análise interpretativa de três episódios relativos a aulas de uma disciplina de Modelagem Matemática, em um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Do ponto de vista semiótico, concluímos que o uso e a produção de signos intermedeiam a conjunção entre enunciador (professor) e objeto (fazer modelagem matemática), bem como entre signos interpretantes e intérpretes (alunos). Desta intermediação decorrem commens (indícios de aprendizagem), como consequência do processo comunicacional evocado no fazer modelagem matemática.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the meaning of aging for caregivers of senile elderly people. Methods: qualitative study carried out with 12 caregivers of elderly people registered in the Home Care Service, adopting the Explanatory Model of Kleinman’s Disease as a theoretical framework. Data were collected from April to June 2019, through semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews, carried out at home and submitted to content analysis. Results: taking care of senile elderly people triggers reflections on aging that sometimes lead to a new meaning of this process, besides stimulating the recognition of the factors that influence it, with emphasis on the life history, occupation and deleterious behaviors adopted throughout life. Final Considerations: the care experience influences the meaning attributed to aging, favoring: the identification of modifiable and non-modifiable aspects and behaviors that make it healthy; reflection on aging itself, with a new meaning of habits and behaviors to be adopted.

Introduction: Binge behavior not only refers to the consumption of substances such as alcohol or food, but is also used in relation to gaming, watching and gambling. Dependent on context it makes for a widespread, benign recreational activity or can pose a serious mental health problem with deleterious consequences. Incentive sensitization theory describes the attribution of salience towards stimuli strongly associated with dopamine-mediated reward as a result of repeated consumption. The sensitized neural networks cause cue-triggered craving and excessive desire, but thus, this mechanism may also be applicable to stimulus-induced behaviors not associated with classical withdrawal symptoms. Event-related potentials (ERP) are a useful method of examining motivated attention towards incentive stimuli. This mini review aims to synthesize ERP findings from different types of binge behaviors in order to compare cue-reactivity to incentive stimuli. Methods: Studies investigating binge drinking, binge eating as well as binge watching, gaming and gambling were screened. To limit the influence of concurrent task demands, ERP studies applying picture viewing paradigms with incentive stimuli were selected. Results: Across binge behaviors, evidence on altered mid-latency ERPs has been mixed. However, studies investigating later stages of attentional processes more consistently find enlarged P300 and late positive potentials (LPP) amplitudes to relevant cues. Conclusion: An altered attentional processing of incentive stimuli reflecting motivated attention is in line with incentive sensitization theory. Considering the limited number of studies, especially regarding binge behaviors not involving substances, more research is needed to attain a more thorough understanding of incentive sensitization across binge behaviors.

BackgroundOvercoming the COVID-19 crisis requires new ideas and strategies for online communication of personal medical information and patient empowerment. Rapid testing of a large number of subjects is essential for monitoring and delaying the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in order to mitigate the pandemic’s consequences. People who do not know that they are infected may not stay in quarantine and, thus, risk infecting others. Unfortunately, the massive number of COVID-19 tests performed is challenging for both laboratories and the units that conduct throat swabs and communicate the results. ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to reduce the communication burden for health care professionals. We developed a secure and easy-to-use tracking system to report COVID-19 test results online that is simple to understand for the tested subjects as soon as these results become available. Instead of personal calls, the system updates the status and the results of the tests automatically. This aims to reduce the delay when informing testees about their results and, consequently, to slow down the virus spread. MethodsThe application in this study draws on an existing tracking tool. With this open-source and browser-based online tracking system, we aim to minimize the time required to inform the tested person and the testing units (eg, hospitals or the public health care system). The system can be integrated into the clinical workflow with very modest effort and avoids excessive load to telephone hotlines. ResultsThe test statuses and results are published on a secured webpage, enabling regular status checks by patients; status checks are performed without the use of smartphones, which has some importance, as smartphone usage diminishes with age. Stress tests and statistics show the performance of our software. CTest is currently running at two university hospitals in Germany—University Hospital Ulm and University Hospital Tübingen—with thousands of tests being performed each week. Results show a mean number of 10 (SD 2.8) views per testee. ConclusionsCTest runs independently of existing infrastructures, aims at straightforward integration, and aims for the safe transmission of information. The system is easy to use for testees. QR (Quick Response) code links allow for quick access to the test results. The mean number of views per entry indicates a reduced amount of time for both health care professionals and testees. The system is quite generic and can be extended and adapted to other communication tasks.

Placentas from preeclamptic women display augmented tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels with reduced expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3). However, whether TNF-α modulates AQP3 expression remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize that elevated levels of TNF-α reduce AQP3 expression and negatively impact trophoblastic cell migration. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar rats (14–16 weeks) were divided into hypertensive and normotensive groups, respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, and animals mated. In a third group, pregnant SHRs were treated with a TNF-α antagonist, etanercept (0.8 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on days 0, 6, 12, and 18 of pregnancy. Placentas were collected on the 20th day of pregnancy. Human placental explants, from normotensive pregnancies, were incubated with TNF-α (5, 10, and 20 ng/ml) and/or etanercept (1 μg/ml). Swan 71 cells were incubated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) and/or etanercept (1 μg/ml) and subjected to the wound healing assay. AQP3 expression was assessed by Western blot and TNF-α levels by ELISA. SBP (mmHg) was elevated in the hypertensive group, and etanercept treatment reduced this parameter. Placental TNF-α levels (pg/ml) were higher in the hypertensive group. AQP3 expression was reduced in the hypertensive group, and etanercept treatment reversed this parameter. Explants submitted to TNF-α exposition displayed reduced expression of AQP3, and etanercept incubation reversed it. Trophoblastic cells incubated with TNF-α showed decreased cell migration and reduced AQP3 expression, and etanercept incubation ameliorated it. Altogether, these data demonstrate that high TNF-α levels negatively modulate AQP3 in placental tissue, impairing cell migration, and its relationship in a pregnancy affected by hypertension.

Introduction: The wait times crisis for hip and knee total joint replacement surgery has been a significant health care issue in Alberta and across Canada. Significant resource and financial efforts have been put forward to reduce wait times for surgery as a means of treating patients with osteoarthritis (OA), but the gains achieved were not sustained. Objective: To effectively address wait time issues, an alternative perspective on this problem is presented – that the wait times are an immediate problem for those needing surgery, but are also a symptom of the bigger issue of an inability of health care systems in Canada to address the needs of individuals with early OA with first-line treatment protocols. Discussion: In considering this more comprehensive understanding of the overall OA management problem, encapsulated by the concept of an “osteoarthritis funnel”, we outline potential approaches for a solution on a systemic level that integrates services delivery, health care resource allocation and conceptualization of OA in research activities. It also emphasizes the need for a more effective and relevant program of research to address this complex problem that requires unique solutions. Conclusions: New approaches and understanding are needed to address integrated implementation of effective first-line treatments for newly diagnosed osteoarthritis to prevent the expanding demand for joint replacement surgery. While the focus here is on the Canadian perspective, the need to develop and implement better first-line treatments for those with early OA and those at risk for development of OA is not unique to Canada.

On‐farm research has emerged in recent years as a unique approach to involve farmers and other agricultural stakeholders as active participants in knowledge development and as an effective method of technology and innovation transfer across farms. This study assessed the perspective and knowledge of US farmers regarding on‐farm research via the implementation of a 24‐question survey distributed across most of the US Midwest and South‐Central regions. We found that farmers generally are willing to engage with universities to conduct on‐farm research and were 40% more likely to adopt practices supported by on‐farm research findings than research not conducted on‐farm. Notably, a shift toward conservation practices was made, with cover crops and no‐till at the forefront. Insights of this nature have implications for fostering collaborations, addressing constraints, and maximizing the impact of on‐farm research, offering guidance for sustainable agriculture progress in the United States and beyond. Results from this research survey could be used to initiate much‐needed policies to promote on‐farm research. Further, information on the benefits and drawbacks of on‐farm research could be used in the development of studies that benefit both farmers and researchers. Core Ideas: Farmers are likely to collaborate with universities to conduct on‐farm research.Farmers were 40% more likely to adopt practices supported by findings of on‐farm research compared to off‐farm research.The farmers' primary motivators for doing on‐farm research were productivity and profitability.The farmers' primary source of field information is universities.Results from this research survey can drive further policy and initiatives promoting on‐farm research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tina Mallon,1 Marion Eisele,1 Hans-Helmut König,2 Christian Brettschneider,2 Susanne Röhr,3 Alexander Pabst,3 Siegfried Weyerer,4 Jochen Werle,4 Edelgard Mösch,5 Dagmar Weeg,5 Angela Fuchs,6 Michael Pentzek,6 Kathrin Heser,7 Birgitt Wiese,8 Luca Kleineidam,9 Michael Wagner,9 Steffi Riedel-Heller,3 Wolfgang Maier,7,9 Martin Scherer1 1Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 2Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 3Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; 4Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; 5Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; 6Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; 7Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 8Work Group Medical Statistics and IT-Infrastructure, Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 9DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, GermanyCorrespondence: Tina MallonDepartment of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyTel +49-40-741057164Fax +49-40-741053681Email t.mallon@uke.dePurpose: Dealing with the high prevalence of pain among the oldest-old (+75) is becoming a major health issue. Therefore, the aim of the study was to uncover health-related lifestyle behaviors (HLB) and age-related comorbidities which may predict, influence and prevent pain in old age.Patients and methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, data were obtained initially from 3.327 individuals aged 75+ from over 138 general practitioners (GP) during structured clinical interviews in 2003. Nine follow-ups (FU) were assessed until 2017. Available data from 736 individuals scoring in FU3 and FU7 were included in this analysis. Data were assembled in an ambulatory setting at participant’s homes. Associations were tested using a linear regression model (model 1) and ordered logistic regression model (model 2).Results: Statistical analyses revealed increased likelihood to experience pain for participants with comorbidities such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (coef. 13.51, P>t = 0.00) or chronic back pain (CBP) (coef. 6.64, P>t = 0.003) or higher body mass index (BMI) (coef. 0.57, P>t = 0.015) and, female gender (coef. 6.00, SE 3.0, t = 2.02, P>t = 0.044). Participants with medium education and former smokers showed significantly lower pain rating (coef. −5.05, P>t = 0.026; coef. −5.27, P>t = 0.026). Suffering from chronic back pain (OR = 2.03), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.49) or depressive symptoms (OR = 1.10) raised the odds to experience impairments in daily living due to pain. Physical activity showed no significant results.Conclusion: Chronic conditions such as PAD, or CBP, female gender and higher BMI may increase the risk of experiencing more pain while successful smoking cessation can lower pain ratings at old age. Early and consistent support through GPs should be given to older patients in order to prevent pain at old age.Keywords: oldest-old, health-related aspects, pain prevention, longitudinal cohort study, chronic conditions

The first aerial photography trials in Canada took place at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1882 and 1883. They are attributed to an Englishman, Captain Henry Elsdale (1842–1900) of the Royal Engineers Corps. He experimented with a lightweight camera and a small, tethered balloon to successfully acquire a series of vertical aerial photographs of the Citadel Hill area of Halifax. The concept of miniaturization of his apparatus and its skillful airborne deployment is echoed some 130 years later in the proliferation of unassisted aerial vehicles and aerial imaging. This paper addresses three aspects. The first includes an appreciation of Elsdale as an early leader of aerial photography and related experimental activities involving a semi-autonomous airborne device. His original documentation of the effort, including scope, technical challenge and outcome, establish him as a remote-sensing protagonist who clearly anticipated the utility of vertical aerial imaging. The second aspect focuses on the examination of locale and content of the 1883 aerial photography and a comparison with contemporary geo-spatial representations of Halifax. Finally, documentation and outcome of those air photo experiments are reviewed in the context of similar efforts in Europe and North America, ascertaining the strikingly modern vision of Henry Elsdale to innovate surveillance practices for military and civilian application.

The objective of this work is to study the effect that the addition of magnetic nanoparticles to a natural ester has on its properties and its cooling capacity. Some samples of ferrofluid (natural ester with maghemite) have been prepared using different concentrations. These have been characterized by measuring their thermo-hydraulic and dielectric properties, to find an optimal concentration. Then, the cooling capacities of the optimal nanofluid and the base fluid have been tested in a transformer immersed in these liquids. The experimental platform allowed the measurement of temperatures in different locations at different load levels. Parallel simulations of these tests have been carried out with a Computational Fluid Dynamics model of the experimental platform. The results show an improvement of the insulating capacity of the base fluid with the addition of maghemite nanoparticles, and an enhanced cooling capacity.

Amparados pelo conceito crítico de Indústria Cultural tensionamos noções de aventura e diversão que circunscrevem o imaginário sobre as viagens modernas, em especial aquelas organizadas sob o modelo turístico. Para tanto, acompanhamos 4 excursões realizadas na Região Sul do Brasil e entrevistamos 15 turistas. Os resultados apontam que: a segurança proporcionada pela excursão dificulta o encontro com o novo e o distinto, inerente à aventura; os mecanismos disciplinadores do turismo promovem um tipo de diversão orientada a qual os turistas subordinam-se voluntariamente. Ao garantir a diversão e combater a aventura, o turismo infantiliza os viajantes, determinando experiências enrijecedoras das suas potencialidades subjetivas

Between September 2020 and March 2021, Mercy Corps piloted hybrid digital (CAPI) and paper-based (PAPI) data collection as part of its tuberculosis (TB) active case finding strategy. Data were collected using CAPI and PAPI at 140 TB chest camps in low Internet access areas of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces in Pakistan. PAPI data collection was performed primarily during the camp and entered using a tailor-performed CAPI tool after camps. To assess the feasibility of this hybrid approach, quality of digital records were measured against the paper “gold standard”, and user acceptance was evaluated through focus group discussions. Completeness of digital data varied by indicator, van screening team, and month of implementation: chest camp attendees and pulmonary TB cases showed the highest CAPI/PAPI completeness ratios (1.01 and 0.96 respectively), and among them, all forms of TB diagnosis and treatment initiation were lowest (0.63 and 0.64 respectively). Vans entering CAPI data with high levels of completeness generally did so for all indicators, and significant differences in mean indicator completeness rates between PAPI and CAPI were observed between vans. User feedback suggested that although the CAPI tool required practice to gain proficiency, the technology was appreciated and will be better perceived once double entry in CAPI and PAPI can transition to CAPI only. CAPI data collection enables data to be entered in a more timely fashion in low-Internet-access settings, which will enable more rapid, evidence-based program steering. The current system in which double data entry is conducted to ensure data quality is an added burden for staff with many activities. Transitioning to a fully digital data collection system for TB case finding in low-Internet-access settings requires substantial investments in M&E support, shifts in data reporting accountability, and technology to link records of patients who pass through separate data collection stages during chest camp events.

Pretende-se situar a contribuição de Herder para a estética no horizonte de sua discussão com Baumgarten, Winckelmann e Lessing, no que se refere à teoria da arte, à história da arte e à crítica de arte. Herder procura nessas discussões ampliar o conceito de estética, abrindo espaço para o surgimento dos sistemas idealistas de estética e para um conceito produtivo e criativo de poesia e de arte junto ao romantismo.

Background: Increasingly more very old people are active drivers. Sensory, motor and cognitive limitations, and medication can increase safety risks. Timely attention to driving safety in the patient–doctor relationship can promote patient-centred solutions. Aim: To explore the following questions: do GPs know which patients drive a car? Is fitness to drive addressed with patients? Design & setting: Cross-sectional data from patient interviews and GP survey in the ninth follow-up phase of a prospective primary care cohort (the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) and the Study on Needs, Health Service Use, Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life in a large sample of ‘oldest-old’ primary care patients (≥85 years; AgeQualiDe)) . Method: The sample consisted of patients in the age group ≥85 years and their GPs. Independent reports were gathered on driving activity from the GP and the patient, and information was gained from GPs on whether driving ability was discussed with the patient. Statistical analyses included validity parameters and bivariate characterisation of subgroups (non-parametric significance tests, effect size). Results: Self-reports of 553 patients were available (69.5% female; mean age 90.5 years; 15.9% drive a car). For 427 patients, GP data were also available: GPs recognised 67.1% correctly as drivers and 94.9% as non-drivers. GPs said that they had discussed fitness to drive with 32.1% of potentially driving patients. Among drivers who were not recognised and with whom driving had not been discussed, there were more patients with a low educational level. Conclusion: The GP’s assessment of driving activity among very old patients showed moderate sensitivity and good specificity. Driving ability was seldom discussed. Asking an appropriate question during assessment could increase GPs’ awareness of older patients’ automobility.

Neste artigo apresentamos reflexões sobre a constituição da ‘compreensão’ na filosofia de Wittgenstein. Inicialmente, fazemos uma incursão no ‘Investigações Filosóficas’ com a finalidade de buscar caracterizações para a compreensão em Wittgenstein. Em seguida, trazemos ao texto repercussões dessa perspectiva filosófica de compreensão no Ensino. Destacamos que seguir regras convencionadas socialmente em demonstrações públicas de uso da linguagem é um indicativo de compreensão e é na articulação entre a compreensão e sua manifestação que podemos investigar (como pesquisador) ou avaliar (como professor) a compreensão dos alunos.

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa em que dirigimos nossa atenção aos chamados ciclos de modelagem matemática, mais especificamente ao duplo sentido das setas usadas nestes ciclos, associando-os às estratégias heurísticas dos alunos quando desenvolvem estas atividades. Nossa base teórica refere-se às etapas, fases ou mesmo estágios relativos ao desenvolvimento de uma atividade de modelagem matemática, bem como a pressupostos relativos às estratégias heurísticas como dispositivos usados pelos alunos para definir encaminhamentos adequados na resolução de um problema. A pesquisa empírica refere-se a uma atividade de modelagem matemática desenvolvida por alunos de uma disciplina de Modelagem Matemática em um programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática de uma universidade pública. Uma descrição narrativa de falas e gestos, bem como o relatório e uma apresentação dos resultados, realizada por um grupo de cinco alunos, nos permitem inferir que setas de duplo sentido no ciclo de modelagem matemática correspondem a um fazer ou percorrer um caminho em que estratégias heurísticas são dispositivos para prosseguir, regular e avaliar o encaminhamento da atividade.

Neste artigo dirigimos nossa atenção para a formação de professores em Modelagem Matemática considerando o conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo requerido para o professor. Investigamos a contribuição para duas dimensões desse conhecimento relativo à Modelagem Matemática, a dimensão teórica e a dimensão da tarefa, a partir do desenvolvimento de atividades de modelagem por alunos-professores de uma disciplina de Modelagem Matemática em um programa de pós-graduação em Educação Matemática. As análises são subsidiadas por dados coletados a partir de registros escritos relativos ao desenvolvimento das atividades, da gravação da apresentação da atividade pelos grupos bem como da resposta a um questionário respondido ao término da disciplina. Resultados indicam que o conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo se fortalece quando: os alunos-professores articulam teoria sobre Modelagem Matemática com a situação-problema que investigam; a dinamicidade do fazer Modelagem Matemática é associada às etapas de um ciclo de modelagem; múltiplas soluções são vislumbradas, seja para propor um problema, seja para encontrar soluções para ele. E, reconhecer que atividades de Modelagem Matemática podem ter diferentes objetivos educacionais e a associação entre as atividades e a prática docente também é indício das dimensões do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, especialmente as dimensões teóricas da tarefa.

Este artigo relata parte da pesquisa de doutorado realizada no Brasil em 2018, cujo escopo consiste em investigar como a aprendizagem da geometria acontece nas práticas de modelagem matemática. Um modelo teórico, propondo seis diferentes dimensões da aprendizagem geométrica em práticas modelagem, é inicialmente apresentado e discutido. Os dados dessa pesquisa, obtidos mediante o desenvolvimento de práticas de modelagem com duas turmas de estudantes do ensino fundamental, permitiram analisar como os estudantes aprendem a utilizar o conceito geométrico de centroide para determinar o centro médio de uma população. Essa análise fenomenológica conclui que a aprendizagem do conceito de centroide acontece pela aquisição de uma estratificação, na qual esse conceito se mostra com os seguintes significados: (i) posição média de uma forma geométrica; (ii) ponto localizado numa figura plana de tal modo que toda reta que passa por ele divide essa figura em duas regiões de mesma área; (iii) ponto de equilíbrio de um objeto; (iv) centro de massas dado pela média ponderada da distribuição espacial dessas massas; (v) centro médio ponderado da dispersão espacial de indivíduos. Este artigo conclui que essa estratificação pode ser interpretada como uma estrutura de generalização/metáfora, de modo que a aprendizagem do conceito de centroide, na prática de modelagem, pode ser entendida como a aquisição dessa estrutura, a saber, como a aquisição de uma metáfora linguístico-visual que possibilita investigar e extrair informações acerca do espaço.

Background. The pharmacological treatment options of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have considerably evolved during the last decades. However, therapeutic regimes are complicated due to individual differences in disease progression as well as the occurrence of complex nonmotor impairments such as mood and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants in particular are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depressive symptoms and anxiety in PD. Case Presentation. In this case report, we describe a case of a 62-year-old female patient with PD and history of depressive symptoms for which she had been treated with moclobemide concurrent with anti-Parkinson medications pramipexole, rasagiline, and L-DOPA+benserazide retard. An increase in the dosage of moclobemide 12 months prior to admission progressively led to serotonergic overstimulation and psychovegetative exacerbations mimicking the clinical picture of an anxiety spectrum disorder. After moclobemide and rasagiline were discontinued based on the hypothesis of serotonergic overstimulation, the patient’s psychovegetative symptoms subsided. Conclusions. The specific pharmacological regime in this case probably caused drug-drug interactions resulting in a plethora of psychovegetative symptoms. Likely due to the delayed onset of adverse effects, physicians had difficulties in determining the pharmacologically induced serotonin toxicity. This case report emphasizes the complexity of pharmacological treatments and the importance of drug-drug interaction awareness in the treatment of PD patients with complicating nonmotor dysfunctions such as depression.

College women's drinking rates are increasing, yet there is limited research on what is contributing to this phenomenon. In this study, the authors explored a fuller picture of how college women experience and perceive drinking situations. Qualitative data from 2 focus groups of high-risk and low-risk drinkers were analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Similarities and contrasts are discussed, implications for college counselors are highlighted, and areas for future research are recommended.

Ruxolitinib is a small-molecule protein kinase inhibitor, which is used as a therapeutic agent against several diseases. Due to its anti-inflammatory impact, ruxolitinib has also been considered recently for usage in the treatment of Covid-19. While the specific effects of ruxolitinib on Janus kinases (JAK) is comparatively well investigated, its (unspecific) impact on membranes has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, we characterized the interaction of this drug with lipid membranes employing different biophysical approaches. Ruxolitinib incorporates into the glycerol region of lipid membranes causing an increase in disorder of the lipid chains. This binding, however, has only marginal influence on the structure and integrity of membranes as found by leakage and permeation assays.

Pretende-se, neste trabalho, discutir sobre uma das estratégias usadas por gestores escolares diante das exigências por resultados nas avaliações em larga escala, especialmente para professores do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de uma reflexão que emerge a posteriori da recolha dos dados de um estudo de casos múltiplos acerca do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará-Alfabetização (SPAECE-Alfa), realizado em quatro escolas municipais de Fortaleza. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com quatro gestores escolares. As análises indicam que uma das estratégias efetivadas nas escolas para melhorar o rendimento dos alunos avaliados é a transferência de professores considerados “inaptos” como alfabetizadores para turmas não avaliadas. No entanto, fazem-se necessários outros estudos para que seja verificada a eficácia dessa estratégia nos indicadores educacionais, bem como, seja analisado seu impacto nas ações e subjetividades desses profissionais.

Trata-se de percorrer a obra de Hölderlin, que começa seu percurso filosófico-poético no domínio mais imediato da subjetividade, avança na direção do cerne ou do centro irradiador dessa subjetividade, enquanto consumação na totalidade, para, por fim, operar uma renúncia a esse itinerário e consolidar uma certa infidelidade enquanto o signo da mais alta fidelidade.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of raised seedbeds associated with irrigation on the yield of soybean (Glycine max) rotated with rice (Oryza sativa) in lowland conditions in Southern Brazil. Field experiments were conducted in two crop seasons (2014/2015 and 2015/2016), with two planting systems (raised seedbed and flat planting) and two irrigation managements (irrigated and nonirrigated). Water use, biological nitrogen fixation, and yield were evaluated. The water used for raised seedbeds was 14% (151 m3 ha-1) and 27% (163 m3 ha-1) lower than that for flat planting in the first and second crop seasons, respectively. Irrigation increased nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight, and biological nitrogen fixation. The average grain yield of the raised seedbed system was 10% (529 kg ha-1) and 9% (362 kg ha-1) higher than that of flat planting in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Irrigation improved yield by 5% (203 kg ha-1) and 7% (265 kg ha-1) in each crop year. The use of raised seedbeds associated with irrigation improves the yield of soybean grown in rotation with rice in lowland in Southern Brazil.

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de familiares quanto ao cuidado e acompanhamento ao lactente de alto risco, pelos profissionais de saúde ao longo do primeiro ano de vida. Materiais e Método: estudo de natureza qualitativa, realizado com sete cuidadores familiares de lactentes estratificadas como alto risco, em um município do interior do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista audiogravadas no domicilio, no período de agosto a setembro de 2018. Posteriormente a transcrição, as falas foram submetidas a análise modalidade temática. Resultados: Os participantes apontaram que as orientações oferecidas no momento da alta, favoreceram a insegurança frente as ações de cuidados básicos. Ademais, o acompanhamento na Atenção Primária a Saúde foi referido como fator facilitador do cuidado, embora a visita domiciliar tenha se apresentado como uma lacuna de atuação dos profissionais. Conclusão: O cuidado ao lactente de alto risco trás desafios para a família e a necessidade da oferta de informações quanto a realização de cuidados básicos e a necessidade de acompanhamento pelos profissionais de saúde

O artigo trata da regulamentação escolar como instrumento de repreensão e discute a desigualdade de gênero e de oportunidades na educação, considerada como direito fundamental do cidadão e instrumento para a integração do indivíduo na vida socioeconômica e política. O estudo objetiva expor os mecanismos sancionatórios consagrados pelas escolas moçambicanas, a partir de uma aproximação da realidade brasileira e apontar as construções socioculturais convencionadas pelas comunidades daquele país que afetam a igualdade educacional, o sucesso escolar e a progressão de estudos dos alunos. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, desenvolvida por meio da revisão de literatura na perspectiva da democracia e justiça escolar. Além disso, considera dois aspectos que fundamentam parte do insucesso escolar em Moçambique: o primeiro discute a expulsão como repreensão expressa na regulamentação escolar; o segundo debate as desigualdades educacionais de gênero. Constatou-se que, no primeiro aspecto, a expulsão de alunos é prevalecente, é uma sanção predominantemente aplicada nas escolas, transgredindo as normas regulamentares internacionais e nacionais que postulam o direito à educação. No segundo, observou-se que os problemas que afligem as meninas são considerados injustos, quando observados de acordo com as Políticas Educacionais. Diante disso, entende-se que a implementação de políticas de assistência às alunas e a contínua educação sexual e reprodutiva em idade escolar, são temas que devem permear todo o processo educativo moçambicano.

This study involves two classes from different educational levels, namely 9th grade and university. Students in both contexts were given a modelling task that required the development of a hand biometrics recognition system, during which they performed experimentation and simulation. As aims of the study, we look for distinctions and commonalities between the models developed in the two classes and seek to know how simulation and experimentation influence students’ production of meaning. The theoretical framework comprises the relationship between the modelling process and the prototyping process and adopts Peirce’s pragmatic perspective on meaning. The research is of a qualitative nature, assuming the characteristics of a case study. The results reveal many commonalities between the modelling in the two contexts. Moreover, experimentation and simulation were relevant elements for the production of meaning by the students, which is endorsed by a pragmatic perspective on meaning

ObjectivesSocial isolation is increasing in aging societies and several studies have shown a relation with worse cognition in old age. However, less is known about the association in the oldest-old (85+); the group that is at highest risk for both social isolation and dementia.MethodsAnalyses were based on follow-up 5 to 9 of the longitudinal German study on aging, cognition, and dementia in primary care patients (AgeCoDe) and the study on needs, health service use, costs, and health-related quality of life in a large sample of oldest-old primary care patients (AgeQualiDe), a multi-center population-based prospective cohort study. Measurements included the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), with a score below 12 indicating social isolation, as well as the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) as an indicator of cognitive function.ResultsDementia-free study participants (n = 942) were M = 86.4 (SD = 3.0) years old at observation onset, 68.2% were women. One third (32.3%) of them were socially isolated. Adjusted linear hybrid mixed effects models revealed significantly lower cognitive function in individuals with smaller social networks (β = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7, p < .001). Moreover, changes in an individual’s social network size were significantly associated with cognitive changes over time (β = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.4, p = .003), indicating worse cognitive function with shrinking social networks.ConclusionSocial isolation is highly prevalent among oldest-old individuals, being a risk factor for decreases in cognitive function. Consequently, it is important to maintain a socially active lifestyle into very old age. Likewise, this calls for effective ways to prevent social isolation.

Nowadays we are increasingly subordinated by the excesses of stimuli that result in the (de)formation of our senses, including during our free time. In this article, we questioned the production of the sight and its role in the tourism context. Based on the follow-up of 4 excursions in the Southern Region of Brazil and 15 interviews, we observed that previous images and the constant orientation of the tourist’s sight determine an experience devoid of perceptibility, requiring photographic record as a resource for memory. We conclude that vision stimuli and the act of looking consist in entertainment, which results in the strengthening of the process of sensory alienation.

No contemporâneo, estamos cada vez mais subordinados aos excessos de estímulos que acarretam na (en)formação dos nossos sentidos, inclusive no tempo livre. Neste texto, perguntamos sobre a produção do olhar e seu papel no contexto do turismo. A partir do acompanhamento de 4 excursões realizadas na Região Sul do Brasil e de 15 entrevistas, observamos que as imagens prévias e a orientação constante do olhar do turista determinam uma experiência desprovida de perceptibilidade, exigindo o registro fotográfico como recurso para a memória. Concluímos que os estímulos à visão e o ato de olhar constituem-se em entretenimento, ao que decorre o fortalecimento do processo de alienação sensorial.

Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks are difficult to diagnose and control in part because of a lack of low-cost and easily accessible diagnostic structures in countries where etiologic agents are present. Furthermore, initial clinical symptoms are common and shared with other endemic diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever. Current molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction require trained personnel and laboratory infrastructure, hindering diagnostics at the point of need, particularly in outbreak settings. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests such as lateral flow can be broadly deployed and are typically well-suited to rapidly diagnose hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as Ebola virus. Early detection and control of Ebola outbreaks require simple, easy-to-use assays that can detect very low amount of virus in blood. Here, we developed and characterized an immunoassay test based on immunochromatography coupled to silver amplification technology to detect the secreted glycoprotein of EBOV. The glycoprotein is among the first viral proteins to be detected in blood. This strategy aims at identifying infected patients early following onset of symptoms by detecting low amount of sGP protein in blood samples. The limit of detection achieved by this sGP-targeted kit is 2.2 x 104 genome copies/ml in plasma as assayed in a monkey analytical cohort. Clinical performance evaluation showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85.7% when evaluated with plasma samples from healthy controls and patients infected with Zaire Ebola virus from Macenta, Guinea. This rapid and accurate diagnostic test could therefore be used in endemic countries for early detection of infected individuals in point of care settings. Moreover, it could also support efficient clinical triage in hospitals or clinical centers and thus reducing transmission rates to prevent and better manage future severe outbreaks.

Weed-suppressive crop cultivars are a potentially attractive option in weed management strategies (IWM). A greenhouse study was conducted at the R. R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Starkville, MS, to assess the potential weed-suppressive ability of 17 tomato cultivars against Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). The experiment was a completely randomized design, with four replications, and was repeated twice. The height, chlorophyll, and dry weight biomass of the weeds were measured 28 days after sowing. Weed suppression varied greatly among tomato cultivars. The most significant effect of tomato interference was recorded on Palmer amaranth, and the least reduction was observed with yellow nutsedge plants. Cultivars 15 and 41 reduced Palmer amaranth height and biomass by about 45 and 80%, respectively, while cultivar 38 reduced 60% of the chlorophyll percentage. Large crabgrass plants were 35% shorter in the presence of cultivar 38 and had a biomass reduction of 35% in the presence of cultivar 38. Under tomato interference, a minimal effect was observed in chlorophyll, height, and biomass of yellow nutsedge seedlings. Factoring all parameters evaluated, cultivars 38 and 33 were most suppressive against Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass.

Abstract Background The prevalence of pain is very common in the oldest age group. Managing pain successfully is a key topic in primary care, especially within the ageing population. Different care settings might have an impact on the prevalence of pain and everyday life. Methods Participants from the German longitudinal cohort study on Needs, Health Service Use, Costs and Health-related Quality of Life in a large Sample of Oldest-old Primary Care Patients (85+) (AgeQualiDe) were asked to rate their severity of pain as well as the impairment with daily activities. Besides gender, age, education, BMI and use of analgesics we focused on the current housing situation and on cognitive state. Associations of the dependent measures were tested using four ordinal logistic regression models. Model 1 and 4 consisted of the overall sample, model 2 and 3 were divided according to no cognitive impairment (NCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results Results show a decline in pain at very old age but nonetheless a high prevalence among the 85+ year olds. Sixty-three per cent of the participants report mild to severe pain and 69% of the participants mild to extreme impairment due to pain with daily activities. Use of analgesics, depression and living at home with care support are significantly associated with higher and male gender with lower pain ratings. Conclusions Sufficient pain management among the oldest age group is inevitable. Outpatient care settings are at risk of overlooking pain. Therefore focus should be set on pain management in these settings.

A Campanha de Nacionalização, projetada pelo governo Getúlio Vargas durante o Estado Novo (1937-1945), foi um dos momentos em que a contraposição entre “nós” e “eles” esteve presente na história do Brasil. Elaborada para construir uma versão da identidade nacional brasileira, as ações “nacionalizantes” reprimiram diversas representações étnicas e culturais que não se enquadravam no perfil do genuíno brasileiro, como escolas, bailes e igrejas onde se falava em idioma estrangeiro. No caso especificado neste artigo, os imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes, instituições germânicas foram fechadas, pessoas foram perseguidas e o idioma alemão foi proibido em função da ameaça que esse grupo representava à unidade nacional. As entrevistas obtidas através do método da história oral, que narram atualmente memórias de descendentes que vivenciaram este processo, são importante peça para compreender esta história num determinado povoado sul-rio-grandense. Junto às memórias, decretos-lei e documentos encontrados por moradores do município analisado possibilitam identificar espaços e manifestações culturais que sofreram interrupções pela Campanha.

O artigo apresenta como foco de discussão a relação entre infância e experiência por meio de uma aproximação teórica da sociologia da infância (SARMENTO, 2002; 2003; 2007; CORSARO, 2011; QVORTRUP, 2011), com o conceito de experiência e outras obras de Walter Benjamin, tais como “Infância em Berlim por volta de 1900” (1987). Como proposta para esse diálogo, problematizam-se fragmentos autonarrativos de infância vinculados à pesquisa de Werle (2015), através dos quais se evidencia a figura do Narrador e a possibilidade de intercambiar as experiências (BENJAMIN, 1994c), bem como, caracteriza-se a natureza da experiência na infância (BENJAMIN, 1987). Neste contexto, apontam-se para os fragmentos autonarrativos como possibilidade de interlocução de experiências e potência para o estudo e a realização de pesquisas sobre as culturas da infância.

Abstract Background Given both the increase of nursing home residents forecast and challenges of current interprofessional interactions, we developed and tested measures to improve collaboration and communication between nurses and general practitioners (GPs) in this setting. Our multicentre study has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FK 01GY1124). Methods The measures were developed iteratively in a continuous process, which is the focus of this article. In part 1 “exploration of the situation”, interviews were conducted with GPs, nurses, nursing home residents and their relatives focusing on interprofessional interactions and medical care. They were analysed qualitatively. Based on these results, in part 2 “development of measures to improve collaboration”, ideas for improvement were developed in nine focus groups with GPs and nurses. These ideas were revisited in a final expert workshop. We analysed the focus groups and expert workshop using mind mapping methods, and finally drew up the compilation of measures. In an exploratory pilot study "study part 3" four nursing homes chose the measures they wanted to adopt. These were tested for three months. Feasibility and acceptance of the measures were evaluated via guideline interviews with the stakeholders which were analysed by content analyses. Results Six measures were generated: meetings to establish common goals, main contact person, standardised pro re nata medication, introduction of name badges, improved availability of nurse/GP and standardised scheduling/ procedure for nursing home visits. In the pilot study, the measures were implemented in four nursing homes. GPs and nurses reviewed five measures as feasible and acceptable, only the designation of a “main contact person” was not considered as an improvement. Conclusions Six measures to improve collaboration and communication could be compiled in a multistep qualitative process respecting the perspectives of involved stakeholders. Five of the six measures were positively assessed in an exploratory pilot study. They could easily be transferred into the daily routine of other nursing homes, as no special models have to exist in advance. Impact of the measures on patient oriented outcomes should be examined in further research. Trial registration Not applicable.