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Copyright of Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry / Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Assaults on health professionals have been an area of burgeoning clinical and political interest in recent years. There is now a body of literature suggesting that violence towards psychiatrists is more common than to other doctors. Thus far the vast majority of research in this area has been conducted in Western European and North American clinical settings. For the first time, this study examines this issue in the context of Turkish psychiatric settings.Objective: (i) The study aims to detect the prevalence of verbal and physical assaults towards psychiatrists in Turkey. (ii) It aims to compare the experience of verbal and physical assaults according to the gender and training experience of psychiatrists. (iii) The paper intends to investigate how psychiatrists reacted to and appraised the experience of violence.Methods: A questionnaire was prepared to evaluate violence towards psychiatrists (adapted from the Overt Agression Scale). The questionaire was administered to psychiatric specialists and residents working in state hospitals, research and training hospitals, mental health hospitals and university psychiatry clinics. A response rate of 93% was achieved with 186 out of 200 psychiatrsits approached completing the study questionnaire.Results: Of all the psychiatrists who responded, 71% reported having experienced verbal or physical assaults during their professional life (verbal assaults only (19.9%), physical assaults only (2.7%) and both (48.4%)). Of these, 26% suffered injury to at least a mild degree. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender and workplace. In spite of the extremely high rates of aggression and violence towards psychiatrists, roughly 50% perceived these acts a normal part of their job and only 5% formally reported the violent incident.Conclusion: The majority of psychiatrists described having been victims of verbal and physical assaults although half perceived aggression and violence as a normal part of their job. Levels of reporting of violence were very low in the context of this study. Studies such as this provide evidence to inform the development of improved management of violence and may encourage psychiatrists to report violence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in males and females is almost equal. The onset of BD in females typically occurs during the reproductive years, complicating its treatment. Although it was once believed that pregnancy prevents recurrence, studies have shown that recurrence is common and severe during pregnancy. On the other hand, the effects of pharmacological treatment on obstetrical outcome are not well known and some of these agents are considered teratogenic. Thus, the decision to treat pregnant patients with psychotropic agents requires solving an ethical dilemma. Risk-benefit decisions should be made while considering both the risk of relapse of BD and its morbidity, and the risk of fetal exposure to psychotropic medications. Moreover, the risk of recurrence increases dramatically in the postpartum period. It is well known that all of the psychotropic medications studied enter the breast milk. Thus, their effects on infants should be considered while prescribing for a breastfeeding mother. The aim of this review was to discuss the safety profiles of the treatment options for pregnant and breastfeeding BD patients. Firstly, each medication's effects on organ dysgenesis, neonatal toxicity, and neurobehavioral development, and their associated adverse events during pregnancy and the postpartum period are discussed, with a focus on the emerging literature. Given this background, practical suggestions on tailoring treatment in BD patients, from preconception to breastfeeding are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness that afflicts approximately 1% of the world's population, and is characterized by mood swings from elation to depression. Although the etiology of bipolar disorder remains unclear, heritable factors have been shown to be involved. Family, twin, and adoption studies suggest a genetic etiology. Molecular genetic studies also support a genetic component. Many chromosomal regions have been implicated by these molecular genetic studies, but no single susceptibility gene has been identified. These findings show that bipolar disorder has a complex genetic etiology in which multiple unidentified genes and environmental factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. Herein, molecular genetic studies of bipolar disorder are reviewed based on a search of Medline using the key words, bipolar, genetic, and chromosome. Studies with positive results for bipolar disorder were selected first. The findings from these molecular genetic studies are reviewed systematically, chromosome by chromosome. Causes of the differences between the reported findings and of non-replication are discussed. Finally, important factors for designing a genetic study of bipolar disorder are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the attitudes and behaviors of psychiatrists and psychiatry residents towards pharmaceutical representatives and their promotional activities, and to evaluate the effect of the duration of residency and type of the training institution on these attitudes and behaviors. Method: A validated questionnaire for assessing the attitudes and behaviors of physicians towards the pharmaceutical industry was administered to psychiatrists and psychiatry residents at regional meetings. Of the 1973 participants, 348 responded. Results: Although there was significant interaction between psychiatrists and pharmaceutical representatives, 50.7% of psychiatrists reported that they thought these interactions had no impact on their prescribing practices. First- and second-year residents agreed more than the other residents and the specialist that pharmaceutical representatives provided accurate information and had no effect on physician prescribing practices. First- and second-years residents agreed less than older residents that pharmaceutical representatives used marketing techniques . The psychiatrists regarded most of the pharmaceutical promotions as appropriate. State hospital staff agreed more than the university hospital staff that the pharmaceutical industry should support educational meetings in their institutions. Conclusion: There was intense interaction–characterized by undefined boundaries–between psychiatrists and the pharmaceutical industry. Most physicians were not provided any guidelines concerning their interactions with pharmaceutical representatives and there was general concern about the necessity of restricting these interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elaine Chiquette,1 Elif A Oral,2 Abhimanyu Garg,3 David Araújo-Vilar,4 Praveen Dhankhar5 1Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2Brehm Center for Diabetes Research and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 3Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; 4Department of Medicine, UETeM, CIMUS School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 5Complete HEOR Solutions (CHEORS), North Wales, PA, USA Background: Lipodystrophy (LD; non-human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-associated) syndromes are a rare body of disorders for which true prevalence is unknown. Prevalence estimates of rare diseases are important to increase awareness and financial resources. Current qualitative and quantitative estimates of LD prevalence range from ~0.1 to 90 cases/million. We demonstrate an approach to quantitatively estimate LD prevalence (all, generalized, and partial) through a search of 5 electronic medical record (EMR) databases and 4 literature searches.Methods: EMR and literature searches were conducted from 2012 to 2014. For the EMR database searches (Quintiles, IMS LifeLink, General Electric Healthcare, and Humedica EMR), LD cases were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 272.6 (United Kingdom General Practice Research Database used other diagnostic codes to identify LD) plus additional LD-associated clinical characteristics (patients with HIV or documented HIV treatment were excluded). Expert adjudication of cases was used for the Quintiles database only. Literature searches (PubMed and EMBASE) were conducted for each of the 4 major LD subtypes. Prevalence estimates were determined by extrapolating the total number of cases identified for each search to the database population (EMR search) and European population (literature search).Results: The prevalence range of all LD across all EMR databases was 1.3–4.7 cases/million. For the adjudicated Quintiles search, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed LD was 3.07 cases/million (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–4.02), 0.23 cases/million (95% CI, 0.06–0.59) and 2.84 cases/million (95% CI, 2.10–3.75) for generalized lipodystrophy (GL) and partial lipodystrophy (PL), respectively. For all literature searches, the prevalence of all LD in Europe was 2.63 cases/million (0.96 and 1.67 cases/million for GL and PL, respectively).Conclusion: LD prevalence estimates are at the lower range of previously established numbers, confirming that LD is an ultra-rare disease. The establishment of diagnostic criteria and coding specific to the 4 major LD subtypes and future studies/patient registries are needed to further refine our estimates. Keywords: adipose tissue, atypical diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy, prevalence

Patrick Walden, Qingmei Jiang, Elizabeth A Jackson, Elif A Oral, Martha S Weintraub, Melvyn Rubenfire Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine at Domino’s Farms, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Background: Lifestyle interventions targeting the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have been demonstrated to be a cost-effective and suitable treatment strategy for reducing one’s risk of developing coronary artery disease and diabetes. The optimal duration has not yet been defined. We sought to evaluate the incremental benefit of extending a lifestyle intervention from 3 months to 6 months. Methods: We evaluated 114 participants with at least three criteria for the MetSyn in a physician-referred 6-month lifestyle intervention between August 2008 and December 2012. Baseline and follow-up physiological, biochemical, and anthropometric data were analyzed for mean change and incremental change at each time point. Results: The mean age at enrollment was 53.0±10.2 years, and 42% of participants were males. The mean body mass index at enrollment was 38.2±0.86 kg/m2 for males and 38.6±0.93 kg/m2 for females. Anthropometric measures associated with weight management (body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage) improved significantly with the additional 3-month intervention (P

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is fourth most frequent cancer in men and third most common cancer in women in Turkey according to GLOBOCAN 2012 data. Its age-standardized incidence is 16.6 per 100,000 population in both sexes. CRC screening is globally accepted program and was shown that reduces CRC mortality. Aim: Public awareness is highly important to increase screening rate and to decrease mortality from CRC. Methods: We initiated a social program for patients with CRC, which is called "Colorectal Cancer Survivors". Program contained interactive talks with patients and their relatives during cocktail and lunch in selected five stars hotels. We performed this activity in 2011 and 2012 in Istanbul. We invited patients with CRC who already diagnosed and successfully treated in Istanbul University Institute of Oncology. They were all 5 years or more survivors after surgery alone for stage I and II disease or last chemotherapy cycle for stage III or some stage IV cases. During meetings, surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists shared latest information about the risk factors, prevention and treatment modalities with participants. Media health correspondents were also participated to these activities. We monitored and compared screening rate before and after 2011. As a source, we used the nation-based data of cancer screening of Ministry of Health. Results: In April 30th, 2011, and in March 29th, 2012, 34 survivors joined to this program. We offered "Certificate of 5-Year Survivor" and "Blue Bead" to all patients. Blue Bead is a kind of symbol of hope in Turkey. In 2014, we observed significant increase in CRC screening compared with 2011 in Istanbul and all over the country. Conclusion: Since 2011 until present, there is a significant increase in CRC screening in Turkey. Among many positive factors, some social programs using media such as our "CRC Survivors" program that gives the message that CRC is a treatable and also curable in early stages, may stimulate screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]