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Since the first days of mankind, soil has been unchanging component of the world history. Soil has been the main reason for the transition from hunting to settled life, used in the creation of dozens of tools and equipments and again it has been a reason for the wars delivering and ending world civilizations. Soil is the basic element on which man lives and depends on it. On the other hand, human beings have regarded the soil as a tool and a lifeless resource in providing food with a utilitarian mentality throughout history. In the second half of the nineteenth century, after the realization of the fact that soil resources have been damaged by the effects of human activities such as agriculture, industry and urbanization, causing irreversible degradations, mankind started to think about the ways to use the soil in a sustainable manner and also to protect it. Despite the intensive efforts of the international scientific communities and public societies, the common understanding of soil has still been limited to the sense of treating soil as a lifeless tool that must be managed to do agriculture. However, human is not a master of soil ecosystem but a member of it. Soil is a shelter of many living things creating a huge biodiversity over the planet earth and more importantly it regulates food and water cycles as well as the climate. For that reason, we have moral responsibilities towards the soil that we share with many other creatures. In this regard, soil ethics may gain us different perspectives to handle and solve global soil problems in the future. This review seeks opportunities to link soil ethics to current global soil issues to facilitate future challenges on a more sustainable life.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the stage of prematurity and retinopathy severity by analyzing the results of premature retinopathy (PR) screening. METHODS: In state Hospital 862 eyes of 431 cases who were admitted between June 2017 and September 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Cases were classified according to gestational ages and birth weights. The cases were divided into advanced, intermediate and late premature. The relationship between the severity of retinopathy and the degree of premature and multiple births was evaluated RESULTS: Two hundred thirty four (54.3%) of the cases were female and 197 (45.7%) were male. Birth weeks were 23 to 36 weeks (31.9 +- 2.77), and birth weights were 510-3500 gr (1746 +- 476). PR was detected in 137 (31.8%) of the cases at any stage, and no sign of PR was found in 294 (68.2%) cases. Stage 1 PR was detected in 80 cases (58.4%), stage 2 PR in 42 cases (30.7%), stage 3 PR in 13 cases (9.5%), and stage 4 PR in 2 cases (1.5%). The mean birth weight and gestational week were statistically significantly lower in patients with PR at any stage (p 32 weeks. No significant relationship was found between multiple births and PR. (P = 0.908) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It should always be considered that there may be advanced stage PR in moderate and late premature.

Hemoglobin A1c is used in the diagnosis and the management of Diabetes Mellitus. The accuracy of hemoglobin A1c measurements may be affected by various factors and the most common interferences are variant hemoglobins. During hemoglobin A1c measurement of a 56-year-old female patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, an abnormal peak was detected in the chromatogram by high performance liquid chromatography and an inconsistency was determined between the serum glucose and the hemoglobin A1c value. Patient’s hemoglobin A, hemoglobin A2, hemoglobin F and variant hemoglobin were detected as 73.3, 2, 0.3 and 24.4% respectively in the capillary electrophoresis. Hemoglobin value of patient was 13.5 g / dL, red blood cell 4.40x106 / µL, mean cell volume 89.8 fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 30.7 pg and the blood smear examination was evaluated as normal, however, heterozygote (αube-2α/αα) NM_000558.4 c.205A>G p.(Asn69Asp) variation was detected in hemoglobin A1 gene by whole exome sequencing and this variation is defined as hemoglobin Ube-2. It should be known that variant hemoglobin may affect to hemoglobin A1c measurements and especially when the results are incompatible with patient’s clinical status, this effect should be considered.

Composite reinforcing bars (rebars) that are used in concrete members with high performance (strength and durability) properties could have beneficial effects on the behavior of these members. This is especially vital when a building is constructed in an aggressive environment, for instance a corrosive environment. Although tension capacity/weight (or volume) ratios in composite rebars (carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), etc.) are very high when compared to steel rebars, major weaknesses in concrete members reinforced with these composite rebars may be the potential consequences of relatively poor bonding capacity. This may even be more crucial when the member is subjected to cyclic loading. Although monotonic bond tests are available in the literature, only limited experimental studies exist on bond characteristics under cyclic loading conditions. In order to fill this gap and propose preliminary design recommendations, 10 specimens of 10-mm-diameter ribbed CFRP rebars embedded in specially designed high strength concrete (f 'c = 70 MPa) blocks were subjected to monotonic and cyclic pullout tests. The experimental results showed that cyclically loaded CFRP rebars had less bond strength than those companion specimens loaded monotonically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eriyik biriktirme yöntemi termoplastik esaslı malzemelerin yarı eriyik hale getirilerek birbiri üstüne katman katman yığılması ile üretim gerçekleştiren bir eklemeli imalat teknolojisidir. Eklemeli imalatta plastik esaslı parçaların üretimi için kullanılabilecek birçok teknoloji bulunmasına karşın, düşük maliyet, düşük artık malzeme oranları ve kullanım kolaylığı gibi nedenlerle en çok tercih edilen yöntem eriyik biriktirme yöntemidir. Yöntem sunduğu avantajların yanı sıra birçok üretim parametresine sahiptir. Bu parametreler üretilen parçaların mekanik özellikleri üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada üretim açısı ve doluluk oranı olmak üzere iki farklı üretim parametresi kullanılarak, ABS Plus ve karbon elyaf takviyeli ABS kompozit malzemelerinden test numuneleri üretilmiş ve üretilen numunelere çekme testleri uygulanmıştır. Çekme testleri sonucu üretim parametrelerinin parçaların mekanik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Kırık yüzeylerden Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) görüntüleri alınarak, üretim parametrelerinin parça içyapısında meydana getirdiği değişimler değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, doluluk oranının artması tüm numunelerde iyi mekanik özellikler gösterirken, farklı üretim açılarının mekanik özellikler üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Talaşı imalatta önemli bir alan olan frezeleme işlemleri çok yönlü bir imalat biçimi olup endüstride oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Frezeleme işleminin istenilen hassasiyetle yapılamaması malzeme üzerinde bazı mekanik sorunlara ve hatta malzeme kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Ekonomik değeri yüksek olan malzemenin atıl duruma gelmesi zaman, para ve iş gücü kaybına neden olmaktadır. Hata tespit ve tahmini, ürün kalitesini yükseltmek, kullanılan malzeme masraflarını azaltmak ve zamandan tasarruf sağlamak için önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, frezeleme işlemi sırasında, kesici takımda oluşan mekanik titreşimlerin yüzey kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan testlerde titanyum (Ti6Al4V) iş parçası kullanılmıştır. Test parametreleri, 4 farklı seviyede kesme hızı (Vc m/dk), 4 farklı seviyede ilerleme oranı (f mm/diş) ve sabit kesme derinliği (ap/mm) alınarak tam faktöriyel yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Testlerden elde edilen ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri için regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, titreşimin ve ilerleme oranının artışı ile ortalama yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum kesici takımda oluşan titreşimin kesilen iş parçası yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Kesme hızı ve ilerleme oranı miktarlarına göre; yüzey pürüzlülük değeri aralığı 0,33-0,66 µm aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin en küçüğü, ilerleme hızının en az olduğu değerlerde görülmüştür. En büyük Ra değeri ilerlemenin en fazla olduğu değerlerde elde edilmiştir. Kesme hızının 50 m/dk, ilerleme hızının 0,10 mm/diş parametreli test yapılırken kesici takımın deforme olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği düşünülmektedir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi (PEG) işlemi uygulanmış çocukların demografik verilerinin, komplikasyon oranlarının irdelenmesi ve aile memnuniyetinin sorgulanması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Hasta dökümanlarından demografik bilgiler, altta yatan hastalık, PEG öncesi ve sonrası antropometrik ölçümler ve z skorları, PEG’e bağlı komplikasyonlar ile izlem süresi kaydedildi. Bulgular: Üç yıl içinde 21 hastaya PEG işlemi gerçekleştirilmişti. Olguların ortanca yaşı 74 ay idi. Olguların çoğunluğunu nörolojik, onkolojik ve metabolik hastalığı olan çocuklar oluşturmaktaydı (sırasıyla %71.4, %14.3 ve %14.3). Hastaların başlangıç ile 6.ay, 6-12. ay ve başlangıç ile 12.ay arasındaki tüm antropometrik ölçümlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artışı bulundu. Ancak 6-12.ay arasında boy ve kilo ortanca z skorları karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı yükseklik gözlenmedi). Ebeveynlerin işlem sonrası PEG ile ilgili görüşleri olumlu idi. İşlem sonrasında bir hastada ostomi sızıntısı ve üç hastada yerel stoma enfeksiyonu geliştiği tesbit edildi. Sonuç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi, çocuklarda ve ergenlerde olduğu gibi, süt çocuklarında da oldukça başarılı ve güvenilir bir yöntemdir. Ailelerin işlem sonrası perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi ile ilgili görüşleri olumludur.

Aim:In this study, we evaluated the incidence of incidentel gallbladder cancer patients etiologic factors who underwent cholecystectomy in our clinic.Methods:Between January 2010 and December 2017, 3691 patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the General Surgery Department of Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine were evaluated, retrospectively. Patients were grouped acording to preoperative abdominal ultrasography, blood biochemistry results, age, gender and histopathological results. Tumour, node, metastasis staging of union internationale contre le cancer was used in cancer staging.Results:In 3691 patients, gallbladder cancer was detected in 16 patients (0.5%). The pathology specimens of all patients were adenocarcinoma. Two patients had carcinoma insitu, two patients had T1, five patients had T2 and seven patients had T3 tumors.Conclusion:In this study the cholecystectomies performed in our clinic showed that the ratio of incidental gallbladder is higher in patients with advanced gallbladder stone and 3 cm or larger than 3 cm. In addition to this, another important condition is the fact that clinical follow-up of pathology specimens and reports of patients who have been prepared and operated preoperatively due to benign gallbladder diseases should not be neglected.

Objetivo: La apendicitis aguda es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más aplicados en todo el mundo. Una de las complicaciones de la apendicectomía es la apendicitis del muñón. El diagnóstico de apendicitis del muñón suele retrasarse. Métodos: En nuestro estudio recopilamos casos de apendicitis del muñón tras apendicectomía. Todos los casos con apendicectomía abierta y laparoscópica fueron incluidos en nuestro estudio. Resultados: Entre 2008 y 2020 se examinaron 5620 pacientes apendicectomizados que fueron operados en la clínica de cirugía general. Se realizó apendicectomía en 5 pacientes por apendicitis del muñón. Uno de los pacientes con apendicitis del muñón presentó síntomas de peritonitis generalizada, otro con síntomas de íleo, el otro con síntomas de hernia de incisión encarcelada en la incisión de Mc Burney y los otros dos pacientes con síntomas de apendicitis aguda. Conclusiones: Como se desprende de nuestro estudio, si bien la apendicectomía es el procedimiento quirúrgico más común y fácil de ver en la práctica quirúrgica general, es un procedimiento que aumenta la morbilidad como vemos en los pacientes con apendicitis del muñón. La tomografía abdominal parece ser el estándar de oro en el diagnóstico de la apendicitis del muñón. Los cirujanos definitivamente deben sospechar apendicitis del muñón en pacientes cuyos síntomas han mejorado, incluso con cicatrices de apendicectomía abierta.

Objectives: To investigate the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3825942, rs1048661, and rs2165241) of the LOXL1 gene in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) and pseudoexfoliation glucoma (XFG) in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: DNA was obtained from blood samples of 48 XFS, 58 XFG, and 171 control subjects. Three LOXL1 SNPs (rs3825942, rs1048661, rs2165241) were investigated with real time PCR, a probe-based genotyping method, and melting curve analysis. Results: All three SNPs of LOXL1 were significantly associated with XFS (rs3825942 p=3.54x10-6, odds ratio [OR]=∞; rs1048661 p=0.008, OR=2.18; rs2165241 p=8.69x10-9, OR=4.30) and XFG (rs3825942 p=3.41x10-7, OR=∞; rs1048661 p=1.75x10-5, OR=3.78; rs2165241 p=3.85x10-11 OR=4.90). No significant differences were observed between the XFS and XFG groups for any of the SNPs. The GG genotype of rs3825942 was more valuable for distinguishing pseudoexfoliative cases from healthy individuals. The homozygous TT genotype of rs2165241 was associated with 6-fold increased XFS risk (p=8.15x10-8, OR=6.32) and 7-fold increased XFG risk (p=1.45x10-10 OR=7.95). The GGT haplotype consisting of all three risk alleles was associated with a 7.45-fold higher risk of XFS/XFG (p=8.65x10-14, OR=7.45). Presence of T allele of rs2165241 conferred 3 times higher risk for men than women (p=6.78x10-5, OR=3.202). Conclusion: LOXL1 SNPs are associated with increased risk for pseudoexfoliation in the Turkish population. T allele of rs2165241 was found to be the most important characterized risk factor for our cohort. All SNP distributions were similar to other European and American populations.

This study aimed to eveluate our experience in incidental gallbladder carcinomas the effect of resection on life time .We suggest that liver resection may contribute to the disease free survival of the patients with incidental gallbladder carcinomas. Between January 2012 and December 2017, 3691 patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the Department of General Surgery of Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty and who did not consider biliary stricture in their preoperative evaluation were evaluated retrospectively.Patients were grouped according to age, sex, stone size, bile duct wall thickness and histopathological results. The preoperative diagnosis of all patients undergoing cholecystectomy was cholelithiasis. Of the 3691 patients, gallbladder cancer was detected in the evaluation of the pathology specimens of 16 patients (0.50%)Of the patients who were diagnosed with gallbladder carcinomas, 12 had female gender and 4 had male gender . All of the patients were found to have adenocarcinoma when the pathology specimens were examined. In the pathology specimens, 2 patients had carcinoma insitu, 2 patients had T1, 5 patients had T2, 7 patients had T3. In this study we share our experience in incidental gallbladder carcinomas and suggest that liver resection may contribute to the disease free survival of the patients with incidental gallbladder carcinomas. [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 274-6]

BÖÇ’lerin üretiminde kullanılan çelik malzemeye alternatif farklı bir çekirdek malzemesi olan alüminyumun kullanılma olanakları araştırılmıştır. Buradaki tipik özellikleri ile ilk defa üretilen ve denenen alüminyum alaşımlı BÖÇ’lerin, çelik BÖÇ’lere göre olası davranış verimliliğinin/üstünlüğünün irdelenmesine yönelik çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Tasarımı yapılan BÖÇ’lerin üretiminde kullanılan alüminyum alaşım malzemelerinin mekanik özelliklerini tam olarak belirleyebilmek için çok sayıda çekme numunesi, öngörülen standartlara göre ve çekirdek boyutlarına yakın boyutlarda hazırlanarak çekme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Malzeme deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlar BÖÇ’ün tasarımında ve üretiminde kullanılacak malzemenin seçimine yönelik önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Ayrıca, BÖÇ’lerin çekirdekleri üzerinden şekildeğiştirme ölçümlerinin yapılabilmesi için bir strain-gauge yerleştirme düzeni önerilmiş ve denenmiştir. Deneysel yöntemle incelenen BRB-AC1 ve BRB-AC3 numunelerinin üretiminde A5083-H111 alüminyum alaşımlı malzemenin tercih edilme nedenleri kapsamlı şekilde verilmiştir. Alüminyum BÖÇ’lerin üretimi, uygulanan kaynak prosedürü, çevrimsel yükleme deneyi, veri toplama sistemi ile ilgili elde edilen sonuçlar da bu çalışma kapsamındadır. Numunelerin kuvvet-yerdeğiştirme histeretik eğrileri, çekme ve basınç taşıma kapasiteleri, enerji yutma miktarları, kümülatif inelastik yerdeğiştirmeleri ve etkili sönüm oranları karşılaştırılmıştır. Simetriğe yakın histeretik eğri elde edilmesini garantileyen basınç dayanımı düzeltme katsayısının deneylerde olması koşulu sağlanmıştır. Uç birleşimi kaynaksız olarak düzenlenen BÖÇ’ün (BRB-AC3) davranış özelliklerinin kaynaklı uç birleşimi olana (BRB-AC1) göre çok daha üstün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Phytoremediation is an expanding field of research in environmental studies due to the benefits of its cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. The use of this technology in saline and alkaline soils can be a promising approach because soil salinity inhibits crop growth and causes tremendous yield losses in many regions of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the plants that can be applicable in the phytoremediation of saline soils and role of their rhizobacteria in the phytoremediation processes. In this study, we examined sodium (Na) uptake by the halophyte Salsola grandis and screened Na resistant rhizobacteria inhabiting in an extremely saline soil environment. S. grandis could uptake Na at the value of 15447 mg·kg-1 and transported Na to stem and leaves from roots. We found that 50 out of the 131 strains were Na resistant and 8 out of these 50 strains contributed to the growth of S. grandis. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we determined these eight strains to be within the genera Arthrobacter spp. and Bacillus spp. Moreover, four of the eight strains (A22, WP5, B14, AP20) showed traits of being both siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid producers. Therefore, these eight strains appear to be suitable candidates for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria of S. grandis.

This study evaluates the economic activity results of dairy cattle enterprises in Konya Province. The data used in the research was obtained through questionnaire technique from 125 dairy cattle enterprises which were determined with stratified random sampling method on a voluntary basis. The total active captial of the enterprises are $845,330.85 and the share of animal capital is 26.27%. Average cattle number in the enterprises have been determined to be 104.95 heads, cow number is 61.22 heads per farm while average daily milk yield in the enterprises is determined as 27.45 lt/head for milker cows. The total average variable cost in dairy cattle enterprises is calculated to be $104,235.23 and the sum of all fixed cost is $40,496.15. The share of feed cost in variable costs is 84.33%. Gross Production Value (GPV) is $194,759.57 and 85.08% of this value is from milk and milk products. Gross profit per enterprise is $90,524.34 and net profit is $50,028.19. In the study, the milk cost is calculated at $0.31/lt. Sale price of milk of enterprises is $0.42/lt in 2015. In the research field, economic profitability of enterprises is calculated at 2.04% and financial profitability is calculated at 2.02%. As a result of the research, the greatest problems of dairy cattle enterprises are identified as supplying of roughage and concentrate feed, low levels of organization, low number of milked stocks, and taking individual actions against the market.

Fires had an important effect on the evolution of the cities. After wide-scale fires, the precautionary effort progressed because of the financial and emotional damage done to the cities and residents. The historical progress of İstanbul has been frequently exposed wide-spreading fires which also caused significant losses of life and property. Fires, which are particularly influenced Ottoman towns, contain attached and usually wooden housing. When building the city, fire safety regulations came into force in the final period of the Ottoman Empire, and solutions for passive fire protection were examined. Questions arose about the immovable cultural property to be protected. This study benefits from previously prepared and published index studies. These effects, which were reviewed only at a surrounding and building scale, and revealed in detail the base and aimed to explain their roles in architectural formation based on the defined criteria. All these detailed solutions are marks of an era and they need to be protected during repair work. This study systematically examines İstanbul's wide-scaled fires and innovative passive fire protection strategies. The study aims to create knowledge about the relevant eras during restoration and renewal stages of immovable cultural property, to be protected.

Some properties of fundamental groups of Riemannian manifolds $M$ will be studied without a lower bound assumption on Ricci curvature. The main method is to relate the local packing to global packing instead of using the Bishop-Gromov relative volume comparison. This method allows us to control the volume growth of the universal cover $\tilde{M}$ and yields bounds on the number of generators of $\pi_{1}(M)$ in terms of some isoembolic geometric invariants of $M$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the demographic and economic concerns of the North Caucasian regarding the war between Chechnya and Russia. Economic dependency of the North Caucasian republics on the center; Legacy of the past in North Caucasian politics; Conclusion.

Effect of one-day delaying progesterone administration at the beginning of 5-day Cosynch protocol was investigated in Holstein heifers for the first artificial insemination (AI). Heifers received a synchronized ovulation and timed AI (TAI) with CIDR inserted on day (d) 0 (CIDR-5; n = 206) or d 1 (CIDR-4; n = 192). In both group, GnRH was administered on d 0 followed by a single PGF2α injection and CIDR removal five days later from GnRH. On d 8, TAI and GnRH administration were concurrently conducted. Heifers detected in estrus up to 24 h prior to TAI were inseminated without GnRH administration. Rates of ovulation, accessory CL formation and new dominant follicle development following initial GnRH injection did not differ between groups. P/AI did not differ between CIDR-4 (44.3%, [85/192]) and CIDR-5 (51.9%, [107/206]) groups, respectively. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was significantly (p < 0.01) declined as heifers’ age (12–13, 14, 15, 16 and17–21 months) proceeded in CIDR-4 group (55.6%, 52.1%, 37.9%, 35.7%, 32.4%) compared to those in CIDR-5 group (60.0%, 50.0%, 53.9%, 51.5%, 46.2%) respectively. In conclusion, there is no benefit for delaying CIDR administration in 5-day Cosynch protocol in dairy heifers. However, higher P/AI in CIDR-5 group in older heifers can be considered for reproductive management.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors decrease inflammation in normal tissues and suppress cancer progress in normal tissues. Valproic acid (VA) and doxycycline (DX) are MMP inhibitors that have radio-protective effects. Their ability to inhibit MMPs in irradiated tissue is unknown and the role of MMPs in radio-protective effects has not been tested to date. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine whether administration of VA and DX to rats before irradiation affects tissue inflammation and apoptosis in the early phase of radiation, and whether the effect of these drugs is mediated by MMP inhibition. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Twenty-six Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control (CTRL), radiation (RT), VA plus radiation (VA+RT), and DX plus radiation (DX+RT).Three study groups were exposed to a single dose of abdominal 10 Gy gamma radiation; the CTRL group received no radiation. Single doses of VA 300 mg/kg and DX 100 mg/kg were administered to each rat before radiation and all rats were sacrificed 8 hours after irradiation, at which point small intestine tissue samples were taken for analyses. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP 9) were measured by ELISA, MMP activities were measured by gelatin and casein zymography and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Results: VA decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins insignificantly and decreased apoptosis significantly in the irradiated tissue, but did not inhibit MMPs. In contrast, VA protected the basal MMP activities, which decreased in response to irradiation. No effect of DX was observed on the levels of inflammatory cytokines or activities of MMPs in the early phases of radiation apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that VA protects against inflammation and apoptosis, and DX exhibits anti-apoptotic effects in early radiation and these effects are independent from MMP inhibition.

Sarcina ventriculi gram pozitif, oblik, anaerobik bir bakteri olup insanlarda ilk kez 1842 yılında gastrointestinal sistemde tanımlanmıştır. Sarcina ventriculi gecikmiş mide boşalması ve mide çıkış tıkanıklığı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bugüne kadar veterinerlik literatüründe bu mikroorganizmaya bağlı sayısız ölümcül hastalık bildirilmiş ancak insanlarla ilişkili birkaç vaka bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda Çölyak hastalığı, selektif IgA eksikliği ve Sarcina ventriculi duodeniti tanısı alan 10 yaşında bir kız hastayı sunduk. Bilgilerimize göre Çölyak hastalığı ve Sarcina ventriculi duodeniti birlikteliği daha önce tanımlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu yazıda nadir olan Çölyak hastalığı ve Sarcina ventriculi duodeniti birlikteliğine dikkat çekmek istedik.

Background: So far, many studies have shown that Human Bocavirus ( HBoV) is the main pathogen of the respiratory tract. Until now, there is no study that proves the association between HBoV and hepatitis. HBoV viremia/DNAemia has been associated closely with acute primary infection and moderate-to-severe illness but, more detailed clinical data about HBoV dissemination are still unavailable. Case Report: Here we report a 2-years-5-months-old girl suffering from respiratory distress and heptitis followed in our intensive care unit. HBoV was detected in our patients nose and throat swabs concurrent with whole blood sample by positive polymerase chain reactions. After a through investigation no causative agent other than HBoV viremia was found. Conclusion: Human Bocavirus viremia with high viral loads may be associated with hepatitis

Calendula officinalis L., (marigold), well known for its medicinal properties, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Nonetheless, as far as the literature could establish, no study has attempted to comparatively assess the biological (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential) of the flowers, leaves, and roots of C. officinalis extracted using conventional (maceration and Soxhlet extraction (SE)) and non-conventional extraction (homogenizer (HAE) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted extraction) techniques. The detailed phytochemical profile of each extract along with the concentration of specific bioactive compounds has also been established. Total phenolic content was highest for the flower extracts while flavonoid content was highest in the leaf extracts. Phytochemical profiling showed that the extraction method influenced the phytochemical composition of the extract. Nicotiflorin was identified in the flower extracts only while amentoflavone occurred only in the roots, inferring that the occurrence of bioactive compounds varies within a plant. The flower extracts showed highest antioxidant potential while the roots extracts were potent inhibitors of cholinesterase and tyrosinase. This study provides valuable data on the influence of extraction techniques on the recovery of bioactive compounds from plants. In an endeavor to scale-up extraction from plant considering the more efficient extraction method is of paramount importance. Moreover, the study highlighted the necessity to thoroughly examine the biological activities of various parts of a plant obtained via different extraction protocols.

Çelik tüp çaprazların deprem etkilerine karşı karbon lifli polimer (CFRP) elemanlarla güçlendirilmesi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Zayıflatılmış uç kesitten olası kopmanın geciktirilmesi için bu bölgelerin CFRP elemanlarla (plaka ve kumaş) güçlendirilmesi önerilmiştir. Zayıflatılmış kesitte güçlendirmenin etkinliğini incelemek için üç adet kompakt kesitli, gerçeğe yakın ölçekli numune AISC yönetmeliklerine uygun olarak tasarlanmış ve kopmaya ulaşıncaya kadar yön değiştiren tekrarlı yükler altında denenmişlerdir. Referans numuneyle karşılaştırıldıklarında, beklendiği üzere, güçlendirilmiş numunelerin daha dolu histeretik eğrilere sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Zayıflatılmış uç bölgenin yan yüzlerine önce CFRP plaka sonrasında da kumaş ile sarılmasıyla numunenin kümülatif enerji tüketiminde artış ve kopma ömründe uzama görülmüştür. Güçlendirme, kopma anında en çok %82.5 oranında daha fazla enerjinin tüketilmesine katkıda bulunmuş, kopma ömürlerinde ise en çok %59 oranında artış görülmüştür. Süneklikteki artışa karşın son çevrimlerde kopma başlangıcı nedeniyle dayanım ve rijitlikte önemli denilebilecek azalmalar elde edilmiştir. Çapraz rijitliklerindeki değişim en fazla %10 civarında olduğundan önerilen yöntem çaprazlı çelik sistemlerin deprem etkilerine karşı güçlendirme uygulamaları için uygundur. FEMA 356’ya göre tanımlanan eksenel plastik mafsallı çaprazlara yapılan itme (pushover) analizi sonucunda FEMA’nın basınç bölgesinde gerçek davranışı yansıtmadığı, çekme bölgesinde ise uyumlu sonuçlar elde edildiği görülmüştür.

This study presents an experimental investigation into the seismic retrofit of tubular steel braces using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) members. CFRP retrofitting of net sections for compact tubes are proposed for delaying potential local net section failure. A total of almost full-scale three (TB-1, TB-2, and TB-3) compact steel tubular specimens were designed per AISC specifications, constructed, and cyclically tested to fracture. Retrofitted braces, when compared to the reference specimen, developed fuller hysteretic curves. Increase in cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation and the elongation in fracture life in the specimen retrofitted with CFRP plates and CFRP sheet wraps at net sections are observed during testing. This resulted in a maximum of 82.5% more dissipated energy for compact tube specimens. Also, this retrofit provided a longer experimental fracture life (maximum 59% more). Due to fracture initiation during the last cycles, significant reductions in strength and stiffness have been obtained. No significant change (maximum 10%) in the brace stiffness was observed, which could be desirable in seismic retrofit applications. Pushover analysis per FEMA 356 for the bare specimen shows that FEMA does not represent actual brace behavior in the compression side although pushover and experimental results are in good agreement in the tension side.

This study presents an experimental investigation into the seismic retrofit of tubular steel braces using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) members. CFRP retrofitting of net sections for compact tubes are proposed for delaying potential local net section failure. A total of almost full-scale three (TB-1, TB-2, and TB-3) compact steel tubular specimens were designed per AISC specifications, constructed, and cyclically tested to fracture. Retrofitted braces, when compared to the reference specimen, developed fuller hysteretic curves. Increase in cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation and the elongation in fracture life in the specimen retrofitted with CFRP plates and CFRP sheet wraps at net sections are observed during testing. This resulted in a maximum of 82.5% more dissipated energy for compact tube specimens. Also, this retrofit provided a longer experimental fracture life (maximum 59% more). Due to fracture initiation during the last cycles, significant reductions in strength and stiffness have been obtained. No significant change (maximum 10%) in the brace stiffness was observed, which could be desirable in seismic retrofit applications. Pushover analysis per FEMA 356 for the bare specimen shows that FEMA does not represent actual brace behavior in the compression side although pushover and experimental results are in good agreement in the tension side.

Sitomegalovirüs (CMV) infeksiyonu tüm dünyada sıkça görülen bir viral infeksiyon olup, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde infeksiyonu geçirme oranı %90'lara çıkmaktadır. İmmünkompetan kişilerde primer CMV infeksiyonu %10 semptomatik olup, nadiren organ spesifik komplikasyonlara neden olur. Biz herditer sferositozlu ve spontan dalak rüptürü olan immünkompetan kritik sepsisli ve kansız ishali olan hastada CMV tedavisine yanıt veren CMV kolitli hastayı bildirdik.

Chanarin Dorfman Sendromu multisistemik genetik geçişli metabolik hastalık olup konjenital iktiyozis ve çeşitli hücrelerde lipid depolanması ile ilişkilidir. İktiyozisli hastalarda periferik kan yaymasında nötrofillerde lipid vakuollerinin (Jordan’s anomalisi) gözlenmesi tanı için diagnostiktir. 1974 yılında Dorfman tarafından bildirilen ilk vakadan bu yana, literatürde büyük çoğunluğu Orta doğu ülkelerinden yaklaşık 50 vaka bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda 5 yaşında kreatin kinaz yüksekliği nedeniyle hastanemize başvuran, klinik ve laboratuar bulguları ile Chanarin Dorfman Sendromu tanısı konulan bir vaka sunulmuştur.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common viral infection worldwide, with a frequency as high as 90% in developing countries. Only 10% of primary CMV infection is symptomatic in immunocompetent patients, and it rarely causes specific complications. We report CMV colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent with hereditary spherocytosis and spontaneous rupture of the spleen, who was critically ill with septicemia and significant non-bloody diarrhoea that responded to specific CMV treatment. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(3.000): 609-613]

Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome is a multisystem inherited metabolic disorder associated with congenital ichthyosis and accumulation of lipid droplets in varios types of cells. Observation of lipid vacuoles in neutrophils (Jordan's anomaly) in peirpheral blood smears in patients with ichthyosis is diagnostic for Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome. Since the initial case was reported by Dorfman in 1974, nearly 50 cases have been reported in the literature, and the majority were from Middle East countries. In this report we presented a 5 year old patient who admitted to our hospital for creatine kinase elevation and diagnosed as Chanarin Dorfman Syndrome with clinical and laboratory findings. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(3.000): 614-618]

Turkey has a total land potential of 78 million ha with a population about 74 million. About one third of the land is arable, and 26% of the population has lived in rural areas. The active population, work in the rural area of Turkey, is 14,767,000 and women have about 51% of that population. The population of women working in agriculture has shown an increase from year to year. In that regard, importance of women in agricultural activities and rural development is very clear. In agricultural enterprises, the individuals are comprised from 54% men and 46% women whose main work is agricultural activities and female economically active population in agriculture is about 55% in Turkey. The Social Gender Inequality Index, SGII, can be used to make some recommendations for policy makers. SGII is still at a high rate of 0.366 in Turkey. In present paper, some secondary data such as reports and statistical data were analyzed about the contributions of women labor uses in agriculture.