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Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus) is aromatic herb that has been utilized in traditional medicine. To improve the phytochemical constituents and pharmaceutical quality of sweet basil leaves, ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation at different intensities (2.30, 3.60, and 4.80 W/m2) and durations (4, 6, 8, and 10-h) was applied at the post-harvest stage. Total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were measured using spectrophotometric method, and individual flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. As a key enzyme for the metabolism of flavonoids, chalcone synthase (CHS) activity, was measured using a CHS assay. Antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity of extracts against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays, respectively. UV-B irradiation at an intensity of 3.60 W/m2 increased TFC approximately 0.85-fold and also increased quercetin (0.41-fold), catechin (0.85-fold), kaempferol (0.65-fold) rutin (0.68-fold) and luteolin (1.00-fold) content. The highest TPC and individual phenolic acid (gallic acid, cinnamic acid and ferulic acid) was observed in the 3.60 W/m2 of UV-B treatment. Cinnamic acid and luteolin were not detected in the control plants, production being induced by UV-B irradiation. Production of these secondary metabolites was also significantly influenced by the duration of UV-B irradiation. Irradiation for 8-h led to higher TFC, TPC and individual flavonoids and phenolic acids than for the other durations (4, 8, and 10-h) except for cinnamic acid, which was detected at higher concentration when irradiated for 6-h. Irradiation for 10-h significantly decreased the secondary metabolite production in sweet basil leaves. CHS activity was induced by UV-B irradiation and highest activity was observed at 3.60 W/m2 of UV-B irradiation. UV-B treated leaves presented the highest DPPH activity and antiproliferative activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 56.0 and 40.8 µg/mL, respectively, over that of the control plants (78.0 and 58.2 µg/mL, respectively). These observations suggest that post-harvest irradiation with UV-B can be considered a promising technique to improve the healthy–nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of sweet basil leaves.

This investigation aimed to evaluate two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L., known as Basil, as potential raw material for the cosmetic industry, assessing their antioxidant properties, considering their industrial use in phytocosmetics. The antioxidant activity of essential oils (EOs) for the species Ocimum basilicum var. cinammom and var. album, were obtained by distillation steam using a Clevenger-type device. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the method of bleaching radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the method of linoleic acid peroxidation (ferric thiocyanate). The EOs of the two species had significant antioxidant properties. The method of DPPH facilitated the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity versus the concentration of EOs, showing an efficient concentration at 10 ppm. On the other hand, the ferric thiocyanate method displayed an efficient inhibition up to 360 h (15 d). The obtained results demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of EOs in the investigation. The capacity was related to their chemical composition (phenylpropane and oxygenated monoterpenes). Therefore, EOs can be considered as a potential source in the field of phytocosmetics. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad valorar dos variedades de Ocimum basilicum L.; conocida con el nombre de Albahaca, como materia prima potencial para la industria cosmética, evaluando su propiedad antioxidante, con miras a un aprovechamiento industrial en fitocosmética. La actividad antioxidante de los aceites esenciales (AEs) de las especies Ocimum basilicum var. cinammom y var. album, se obtuvieron por destilación de arrastre de vapor tipo Clevenger. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó por el método de la decoloración del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril hidrazilo (DPPH) y el método de peroxidación del ácido linoleico (tiocianto férrico). Los AEs de las dos especies en estudio, presentan propiedades antioxidantes representativas. El método del DPPH permitió evaluar la capacidad antioxidante frente a la concentración de los AEs, demostrando una concentración eficiente a 10 ppm. Con el método del tiocianto férrico se encontró un máximo de inhibición eficiente a las 360 h (15 d). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la capacidad antioxidante de los AEs en estudio, capacidad que está relacionada con la composición química (fenilpropanos y monoterpenos oxigenados) y que permite considerar los AEs en estudio como fuente potencial en el campo de la fitocosmética.

This investigation aimed to evaluate two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L., known as Basil, as potential raw material for the cosmetic industry, assessing their antioxidant properties, considering their industrial use in phytocosmetics. The antioxidant activity of essential oils (EOs) for the species Ocimum basilicum var. cinammom and var. album, were obtained by distillation steam using a Clevenger-type device. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the method of bleaching radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the method of linoleic acid peroxidation (ferric thiocyanate). The EOs of the two species had significant antioxidant properties. The method of DPPH facilitated the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity versus the concentration of EOs, showing an efficient concentration at 10 ppm. On the other hand, the ferric thiocyanate method displayed an efficient inhibition up to 360 h (15 d). The obtained results demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of EOs in the investigation. The capacity was related to their chemical composition (phenylpropane and oxygenated monoterpenes). Therefore, EOs can be considered as a potential source in the field of phytocosmetics.

The volatile profile of three sweet basil cultivars, "Italico a foglia larga", "Cammeo" and "Italiano classico", packaged in air at 4 or 12 °C until 9 days, was monitored by solid phase microextraction with GC-MS. Chilling injury (CI) score and electrolyte leakage were also assessed. In total, 71 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the headspace of basil samples. A preliminary principal component analysis highlighted the dominant effect of the cultivar on VOCs profiles. Data analysis by post-transformation of projection to latent structures regression (ptPLS2) clarified the role played by time and temperature of storage. Temperature influenced the emission of volatiles during storage, with much lower total volatile emissions at 4 °C compared to 12 °C. Finally, a ptPLS2 regression model performed on VOCs and the two CI parameters allowed selection of 10 metabolites inversely correlated to both CI parameters, which can be considered potential markers of CI in basil leaves.

U posljednje vrijeme sve je veći interesa za prehrambenim proizvodima koji imaju pozitivan utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi. Uloga koju igra prehrana u prevenciji i liječenju mnogih bolesti postala je široko prihvaćena. U tom kontekstu biljne vrste iz roda Ocimum, posebno O. basilicum, zaslužuju posebnu pažnju jer proizvode sekundarne metabolite koji pak imaju široku lepezu pozitivnih svojstava na ljudsko zdravlje. Među najvažnijima su antioksidativna, antimikrobna i protuupalna svojstva. Postoji sve veći broj istraživanja koja naglašavaju primjenjivost tih biljaka kao izvora funkcionalne hrane. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je dati pregled pozitivnih svojstava vrste O. basilicum koja mu daju čvrstu znanstvenu osnovu za vezu između hrane i zdravstvenih benefita.

The aim of this thesis has been to analyse academic articles devoted to internal and external factors influencing the quality of Ocimum basilicum L. as a fresh herb product. One of the objectives of the thesis was to classify and characterise the variety Ocimum basilicum L. according to plant taxonomy and morphology. In the thesis have been described the cultivation techniques and the main qualitative attributes (chemical substances) of the herb. Based on our findings we were able to identify the risk factors concerning the process of cultivation and the post-harvest handling of the herb.

All rights reserved. Antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of basil were studied, along with its characterization in phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. The results placed basil as a valuable candidate for functionalization and conservation of food products, maintaining their nutritional properties, while increasing their shelf life and potential health effects. The basil leaves were then incorporated in "Serra da Estrela Cheese", either in its dehydrated form or as a decoction. The cheeses were then subject to a nutritional evaluation, being characterized for their fatty acids, minerals and CIE color parameters. To assess the combined effects of plant incorporation and storage time, a 2-way ANOVA was used to process the results, further analysed through a linear discriminant analysis. Overall, basil leaves provided antioxidant activity to the cheeses, reduced the moisture, and preserved the unsaturated fatty acids and proteins. Comparing both incorporation types, the decoctions had a higher functionalizing and conservative effect. The authors are grateful to Queijos Casa Matias, Lda and Cantinho das Aromáticas, Lda. for providing the cheese and basil samples, respectively. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese PRODER project No. 46577-PlantLact, the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the CIMO research centre (Pest-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014) and ALIMNOVA research group (UCM-GR35/10A). L. Barros, J.C.M. Barreira and R. C. Calhelha acknowledge the FCT for their post-doctoral grants (SFRH/BPD/107855/2015, SFRH/BPD/72802/2010 and SFRH/ BPD/68344/2010). The Serbian Ministry of Education is also acknowledged for the Science and Technological Development Grant No. 173032. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant of great tradition in the Mediterranean area. Its economic importance is growing up determining an expansion of cultivation. This paper evaluated the morphological traits, the chemical profiles, and antibacterial activity of 21 cultivars of basil belonging to ʻGenoveseʼ, ʻNapoletanoʼ, and ʻPurple basilʼ types. The cultivars were characterized by different growth rate and morphological traits. The chemical composition of the oils analyzed by GC and GC/MS analysis, supported by the PCA analysis, underlined the strong influence of chemotype. It is noteworthy that estragole, never present in Genovese and purple basil types, occurred in Napoletano type. The high presence of eugenol, methyl eugenol, and linalool in the majority of cultivars, belonging both to Genovese and to Napoletano types was registered. Of great interest resulted the composition of the purple basil ʻOpalʼ. All the samples tested exhibited similar antibiotic profiles with moderate antibacterial activity. The results enhanced the importance of determination of essential-oil profile in the selection of cultivars characterized by diverse morphological traits and are useful for different purposes.

The effects of different sodium salts on some physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in a medicinal and aromatic plant, Ocimum basilicum L. (cultivar Fine). Plants were subjected to an equimolar concentration of Na2SO4 (25 mM) and NaCl (50 mM) for 15 and 30 days. Growth, oxidative stress parameters [electrolyte leakage, peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration], antioxidant enzyme activities [ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), and peroxidases (POD, EC 1.11.1.7)], as well as antioxidant molecules [ascorbate and glutathione] were determined. The two salts affected leaf growth rates to the same extent, after 15 or 30 days of treatment, indicating a similar effect of Na2SO4 and NaCl salinity on growth, even if different (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) antioxidant mechanisms were involved in H2O2 detoxification. However, under both salts, the efficiency of the antioxidant metabolism seemed to be sufficient to avoid the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, both ion leakage and peroxidation did not change under either Na2SO4 or NaCl salinity. As a whole, these data suggest that a cooperative process between the antioxidant systems is important for the tolerance of Ocimum basilicum L., cv. Fine to Na2SO4 and NaCl salinity.

The stimulation of the seed germination rate may be one of the ways to prevent environmental attacks of byotik or abyotik agents on the quality of seedlings. One of the factors involved in stimulating the germination rate of seeds is red light illumination. Currently, the source for generating red light that consumes the smallest amount of energy is atermic laser. Ocimum basilicum L. is one of the plant species that have been used by man since ancient times in culinary, medicinal, decorative and spiritual activities. Therefore, this paper presents experimental data obtained by testing the treatments based on the use of a laser light field, with a stimulating effect on the rate of seed germination on Marseille and Red Rubin basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties. The experimental data obtained recommendes the application of field laser light treatments for 30' in order to stimulate the germination rate of seeds and in order to obtain seedlings for each of the two varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under study.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes de manjericão, produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes, em fevereiro de 2011. Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento, sendo T1- testemunha; T2 - pré esfriamento das sementes em câmara tipo BOD sob temperatura de 10ºC por 4 dias; T3 - embebição das sementes em água destilada por 24 horas; T4 - embebição das sementes em solução contendo KNO3 a 0,2 % por 5 minutos e T5 - sementes submetidas em água destilada a temperatura de 70ºC por 5 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott - Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento pré esfriamento em câmara tipo BOD a 10ºC por 4 dias reduz a dormência e promove incrementos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes do manjericão.Aiming in order to assess the effectiveness of treatments to overcome dormancy in seeds of basil, an experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of Unimontes. Following determinations were performed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds, water content, germination, first count germination, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment, which consisted of: T1 - control, T2 - pre-cooling of the seed chamber BOD at a temperature of 10ºC for 4 days, T3 - soaking the seeds in water distilled for 24 hours, T4 - soaking the seeds in a solution containing 0,2% for 5 minutes and T5 - submitted seeds in distilled water at 70ºC for 5 minutes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott 5% probability. The pre-cooling treatment in BOD chamber at 10ºC for 4 days reduced dormancy and promotes increases in the physiological quality of seeds of basil.

A field experiment in growing sweet basil was carried out in the period 2008-2010 in Fajsławice (Lublin region), on podzolic soil. The study evaluated the biometric traits of the plants, yield, the qualitative parameters of herbal raw material and weed infestation of the crop in dependence on growth simulators (Asahi SL, Bio-algeen, Titanit) and the forecrop (winter wheat or spring barley + white mustard cover crop). Plots without foliar application of the growth stimulators were the control treatment. Tillage, mineral NPK fertilization as well as mechanical and chemical weed control were typical for this plant species and consistent with the recommendations for herbal plant protection. A hypothesis was made that the application of growth stimulators would have a positive effect on basil productivity, raw material quality and weed infestation of the basil crop. It was also assumed that the phytosanitary and fertilizing effects of the cover crop would result in higher and qualitatively better yield compared to the cereal forecrop alone (winter wheat). The best quantitative parameters of sweet basil raw material and the highest reduction in air-dry weight of weeds in the crop were observed after the application of the growth stimulators. The forecrop - spring barley + a white mustard cover crop that is ploughed in - also had a beneficial effect on yield and weed infestation of the plant in question. The traditional crop protection method used in the basil crop, without the application of the growth stimulators, resulted in a lower plant height and a smaller number of shoots per plant. This caused higher weed infestation of the crop and a decrease in yield. The positive side of the non-application of growth stimulators was a better chemical composition of basil raw material. Asahi SL and Tytanit yielded the best growth and productivity of the basil plants.

La albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) es una planta herbácea de la familia de las labiadas (Lamiaceae), muy común en Venezuela. En la presente investigación se evaluó la supervivencia de una cepa de Staphylococcus aureus por la acción antimicrobiana de extractos etanólicos de albahaca fresca y seca. Las muestras frescas fueron sometidas a homogeneización en licuadora. Para la obtención de las muestras secas se utilizó una estufa convencional a temperatura de 55 ºC x 28 horas. Los extractos se obtuvieron por destilación a presión reducida, temperatura de 45 ºC y empleando etanol como solvente. Posteriormente, se emplearon en medios de cultivo contentivos de S. aureus y se monitoreó el crecimiento del microorganismo en el tiempo, obteniéndose los parámetros de crecimiento a través del modelo de Baranyi y Roberts (1994). Los extractos frescos y secos produjeron efecto antimicrobiano sobre S. aureus a concentraciones de 5 y 10 %, afectando los parámetros de crecimiento de la bacteria, presentando diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) con respecto al grupo control.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) sob ambiente protegido, submetidos a doses supra-ótimas de nitrogênio (N) e potássio (K), foi desenvolvido um estudo no Campus da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista (BA), no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006. As plantas foram conduzidas em sacolas de polietileno preto, seguindo o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 4/4, com três repetições e 16 tratamentos, definidos pelas interações entre as doses de 0; 50; 100; 150 Kg,ha-1 N (uréia) e de K (KCl). Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, produtividade e Índice SPAD (Soil plant Analysis Development). Para diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e área foliar foi verificada um decréscimo com a elevação das doses de K aplicadas ao substrato; quanto ao N, não houve influência significativa. Também não foi verificado interação entre os nutrientes estudados. Entretanto, não houve influência das doses de nutrientes ministrados nos resultados de produtividade e na massa seca total da planta.AbstractAiming at evaluating the growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum, L.) under protected environment, submitted to different doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), a study was developed at Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia in Vitória da Conquista (BA), from October to December 2006. The plants were carried in black polyethylene bags, following a random block delineation and factorial scheme 4x4, with three repetitions and 16 treatments, defined by the interactions among the doses of 0; 50; 100; 150 kg ha-1 (Urea) and K (KCl). Growth characteristics, productivity and SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development) were evaluated. For stem diameter, plant height and leaf area it was verified a decrease after increasing doses of K applied to the substrate; whereas N did not present any meaningful influence. However there was no influence of nutrient doses applied results in productivity and total dry mass of the plant.

Different concentrations of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (0.19; 0.38; 0.75; 1.87; 3.75 and 6.00 mg.g-1) were evaluated in relation to their antioxidant activity using the DPPH● radical methodology. From the IC50 obtained data, the concentrations of 0.19; 0.38; 0.75; 1.87; 3.75; 6.00 and 12.00 mg.mL-1 were applied directly to the product and these were sensorially evaluated by the test of control difference. The concentrations related to the highest acceptability (0.19; 0.38 and 0.75 mg.g-1) were tested for antioxidant activity in the internal part of Italian type salami - during the processing and after 30 days of storage, in terms of lipid and protein oxidation. The oxidation of lipids was determined using the method of TBARS. The method of carbonyl compounds was employed for proteins oxidation. Five different formulations of salami were elaborated: blank (without the use of antioxidant); control (using sodium eritorbate as antioxidant); and adding 0.19; 0.38 and 0.75 mg.g-1 of basil essential oil. The product was kept between 25 oC and 18 oC and UR between 95% and 70%, for 28 days. Analyses were carried out on the processing day and after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and also following 30 days of storage. The basil essential oil in vitro presented an antioxidant activity of IC50 12 mg.mL-1. In the internal part of the Italian type salami the commercial antioxidant (control) and the formulation containing 0.75 mg.g-1 of basil essential oil presented antioxidant activity in relation to the lipids, but not to the proteins - during processing and storage.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de plantas nas características produtivas do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.), cultivado a campo. O experimento foi conduzido na estação experimental pertencente à UNIOESTE, em Marechal Cândido Rondon PR, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2010. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de cinco espaçamentos entre plantas (0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 m) e o segundo de dois espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (0,20 e 0,30 m). As variáveis avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro da copa, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea e das folhas, massa seca das folhas e das raízes, e determinadas a produção de massa fresca das folhas e da parte aérea. Os menores espaçamentos entre plantas e entre linhas proporcionaram maior produção de massa por área.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different plant densities on the yield characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in the field. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station belonging to UNIOESTE in Marechal Candido Rondon - PR for the period September to December 2010. The design was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor consisted of five plant spacings (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 m) and the second of two planting spacings (0.20 and 0, 30 m). The smaller spacing between plants and between rows, to provide greater mass production by area.

In order to characterize the essential oils of leaves and inflorescences, water distilled volatile oils of hydroponically grown Ocimum basilicum L. were analyzed by GC/EI-MS. Fifty components were identified in the inflorescence and leaf essential oils of the basil plants, accounting for 98.8 and 99.9 % of the total quantified components respectively. Phenylpropanoids (37.7 % for the inflorescence vs. 58.3 % for the leaves) were the predominant class of oil constituents, followed by sesquiterpenes (33.3 vs. 19.4 %) and monoterpenes (27.7 vs. 22.1 %). Of the monoterpenoid compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes (25.2 vs. 18.9 %) were the main subclass. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (25 vs. 15.9 %) were the main subclass of sesquiterpenoidal compounds. Methyl chavicol, a phenylpropane derivative, (37.2 vs. 56.7 %) was the principle component of both organ oils, with up to 38 and 57 % of the total identified components of the inflorescence and leaf essential oils, respectively. Linalool (21.1 vs. 13.1 %) was the second common major component followed by α-cadinol (6.1 vs. 3 %), germacrene D (6.1 vs. 2.7 %) and 1,8-cineole (2.4 vs. 3.5 %). There were significant quantitative but very small qualitative differences between the two oils. In total, considering the previous reports, it seems that essential oil composition of hydroponically grown O. basilicum L. had volatile constituents comparable with field grown counterparts, probably with potential applicability in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Genótipos de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) apresentam diferentes teores, rendimentos e composições químicas de óleos essenciais. Fatores influenciam na produção do óleo essencial de manjericão, como a cultivar plantada e o método de cultivo. O estudo dos parâmetros genéticos tem sido ferramenta útil na identificação de genótipos superiores. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estimar alguns parâmetros genéticos associados ao comportamento produtivo de seis populações de manjericão nos anos agrícola 2004/05 e 2005/06. As características massa seca de folha + inflorescência e rendimento de óleo essencial apresentaram grande variabilidade por forte influência dos anos estudados. Já o teor de linalol manteve sua produtividade estável ao longo dos dois anos. Teor e rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de linalol no óleo essencial apresentaram herdabilidades altas na análise conjunta, indicando controle genético e grande possibilidade de serem transmitidas para as gerações futuras. Na análise conjunta as populações PI 197442-S3-bulk 3, PI 197442-S3-bulk 5 e PI 197442-S3-bulk 8 apresentaram os maiores teores e rendimentos de óleo essencial. Quanto ao constituinte químico majoritário do óleo essencial, o linalol, todas as populações apresentaram teores semelhantes, diferindo apenas na presença de alguns constituintes químicos minoritários.Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes present different contents, yields and chemical constituents in its essential oils. Factors influence the essential oil production of basil, such as cultivar and cultivation method. The study of genetic parameters is a useful tool to identify superior genotypes. In this work we estimated some genetic parameters associated to the production behavior of six basil populations cultivated in 2004/05 and 2005/06. The variables dry weight of leaves + inflorescences and essential oil yield presented high variability because of strong influence of the studied years. Linalool content presented constant values during the two years. Essential oil content and yield and linalool content in the essential oil presented high herdability in the combined analyses, indicating genetic control and great possibilities to transmit them to the following generations. The combined analyses showed highest essential oil content and yield for the populations PI 197442-S3-bulk 3, PI 197442-S3-bulk 5 and PI 197442-S3-bulk 8. For the major chemical constituent of the essential oil, linalool, all the populations presented similar content. Only the minor chemical constituents were different.

This work studied the growth of basil plants and the effect of successive cuts on the total yield and quality of the essential oil, throughout the crop cycle. Steady increases were observed in the dry weight of the aerial part and in the essential oil yield, during the cultivation cycle. Intensive cultivation and successive cuts could improve the agronomical and industrial yield in each harvest.Esta pesquisa visou estudar o crescimento de plantas de manjericão e o efeito de cortes sucessivos sobre a produção e qualidade do óleo essencial ao longo do ciclo. Observou-se aumento na massa seca da parte aérea e na produção de óleo essencial ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. O cultivo do manjericão submetido a cortes sucessivos pode aumentar a produção do óleo em cada colheita.

The aim of the research was to assess genetic diversity among basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions held at the Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Seed Science and Technology) as a part of the National Bank of Plant Genes. Seventy-eight basil accessions belonging to five basil morphotypes (True basil, Small-leaf, Lettuce-leaf, Purple basil A and Purple basil B) were analysed using AFLP markers. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations yielded a total of 2, 449 polymorphic markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among accessions within morphotypes, while the remaining variability was almost equally distributed among morphotypes within groups of morphotypes classified according to anthocyanin coloration on stems (‘green’ vs. ‘purple’ morphotypes) and among the groups. Bayesian analysis of genetic structure resulted in assignment of the investigated accessions to two clusters. Most of the accessions belonging to ‘green’ morphotypes were assigned to Cluster A, while the Cluster B included most of the accessions belonging to ‘purple’ morphotypes. The separation of ‘green’ vs. ‘purple’ morphotypes was confirmed further by principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) and the neighbour-joining cluster analysis, both based on pairwise Dice’s distance matrix between accessions. The assessment of the genetic diversity of the basil accessions is the first step for the future association mapping studies aimed at identifying markers associated with main essential oil compounds.

WOS:000365888200007 Background: Ocimum basilicum L., commonly known as sweet basil, is an important aromatic plant cultivated in many parts of the world for its essential oil. Basil does not show natural distribution in Turkey but they are cultivated as medicinal, seasoning or oil plants especially in the western and southern Anatolia. In this study, introduction of new production patterns of green and purple basil into Rize province in the northern parts of Turkey is the main objective of the present study. In this context, herb yield and chemical composition (essential oil and its components) of green and purple basil plants grown under open field and underneath or between kiwi plantations were determined and compared. Materials and Methods: The experiments were arranged as a split plot design with three replications in May in 2010 and 2011 in open-field conditions and between kiwi plantations. Three harvests were done for each year. After each harvest, above ground parts were dried at 35 degrees C and essential oils from aerial parts after each harvest were extracted using 30 g of dried material by hydro distillation (4 h) with Neo-Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compositions were identified by GC-MS. Results: There were decline trends with respect to the plant height, fresh and dry herb yield in the second year. For both experimental years, the highest fresh and dry herb-yields were obtained in open-field conditions in green basil. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to essential oil yield in open-field conditions and kiwi plantations but the highest essential content was ascertained in open-field conditions for green basil. The major aroma constituents of basil were methyl cinnamate and linalool and the highest percentage was determined in open-field conditions for green basil. Conclusion: The lowest essential content obtained in open-field and between kiwi plantations for green and purple basil plants was even higher than the limit (%0.3) established by Turkish Standards Institution and total yield concerned with fresh and dry herb yield complied with the previously proposed literatures. Hence, basil cultivation underneath kiwi plantations may be implemented.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o teor, o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) submetido ao estresse salino por NaCl. Para tanto, o experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, caracterizado por 5 (cinco) tratamentos de NaCl, adicionados à água de irrigação (0,01 - controle,T1; 1,2 - T2; 2,3 – T3; 3,4 – T4 e 4,5 dS m-1– T5, correspondendo respectivamente a 0,1; 12,0; 23,0; 34,0 e 45,0 mM ), com 4 (quatro) repetições. Aos 55 dias após o transplantio, as plantas foram colhidas, colocadas em sacos de papel e levadas a estufa de secagem com fluxo de ar forçado a 45 °C, por 10 dias até atingirem massas constantes. Após a secagem, foi realizada a pesagem da biomassa seca da parte aérea, misturada, moída em triturador elétrico de facas e posteriormente realizada a extração do óleo essencial para análise do teor, rendimento e composição química. O aumento do estresse por NaCl não alterou o teor e a composição química do óleo essencial, cujo rendimento reduziu 12,93% a cada acréscimo unitário dos níveis de salinidade. O cinamato de metila, cujo teor médio encontrado foi de 55%, e o metil chavicol, com 12%, foram os principais compostos identificados nas plantas de manjericão. ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants subjected to NaCl saline stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with 5 (five) NaCl treatments added to the irrigation water (0.01 - control, T1; 1.2 - T2; 2.3 - T3; 3.4 - T4 and 4.5 dS m-1 - T5, corresponding respectively to 0.1; 12.0; 23.0; 34.0 and 45.0 mM) and 4 (four) replicates. At 55 days after transplanting, plants were harvested, put in paper bags and taken to a forced-air oven at 45 ºC for 10 days, until reaching constant mass. After drying, the dry biomass of the aerial part was weighed, mixed, grinded in an electric blade grinder and later taken to an essential oil extraction so that its content, yield and chemical composition could be analyzed. The increase of NaCl stress did not change neither the content nor the chemical composition of the essential oil, whose yield was reduced by 12.93% for each unit increase in the salinity level. The methyl cinnamate, with an average content of 55%, and the methyl chavicol, with 12%, were the main compounds identified in the sweet basil plants.

The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro organogenesis as a function of growth regulators and to test the influence of 2,4-D inducing somatic embryogenesis in basilhybrid ‘Sweet Dani’ x ‘Maria Bonita’. We used the completely randomized design in the trials. In the first experiment, we used a 6x4 factorial scheme, testing six concentrations of BAP and four concentrations of IAA. In the second experiment, we tested four types of culture medium, and in the third assay, we evaluated five concentrations of BAP. In the fourth trial, we evaluated the effect of seven concentrations of BAP combined with 0.20 mg.L-1 of NAA. The fifth experiment was conducted in a 5x2x2factorial scheme, testing five concentrations of 2,4- D, two culture media and two leaf positions. The absence of BAP and IAA, in the culture medium, resulted in a greater number of leaves and shoots, and higher fresh and dry weight of explantshoots. The shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis occurred when explants were maintain in medium with 0.8 mg.L-1 of BAP, and indirect organogenesis with 1.9 mg.L-1 of BAP. 2,4-D provided the formation of calluses with embryogenic characteristics in the tested media cultures, independently of leaf position. Concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D in MS and MT culture media, with leaf in abaxial position, showed a higher number of embryogenic cells and formation of globular embryos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta organogenética in vitro em função de reguladores de crescimento e testar a influência do 2,4-D na indução de calos embriogênicos no híbrido de manjericão‘Sweet Dani’ x ‘Maria Bonita’. Os ensaios foram implantados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo o primeiro em esquema fatorial 6x4, com seis concentrações de BAP e quatro de AIA. No segundo ensaio, testou-se quatro tipos de meios de cultura e no terceiro ensaio, avaliou-se cinco concentrações de BAP. No quarto ensaio, avaliou-se o efeito de sete concentrações de BAP combinadas com 0,20 mg.L-1 de ANA. O quinto ensaio foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 5x2x2, testando cinco concentrações de 2,4-D, dois meios de cultura e duas posições da folha. A ausência de BAP e AIA, no meio de cultura, proporcionou maior número de folhas e brotos, e maiores massa fresca e seca de parte aérea dos explantes. A regeneração de brotos via organogênese direta ocorreu quando os explantes foram cultivados com 0,8 mg.L-1 de BAP e na organogênese indireta com 1,9 mg.L-1 de BAP. 2,4-D proporcionou a formação de calos com características embriogênicas nos meios de cultivos testados, independentemente da posição foliar. As concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D, nos meios MS e MT,e com a folha na posição abaxial, apresentaram maior quantidade de células embriogênicas e formação de embriões globulares.

This work reports extraction yield and chemical characterization of the extracts obtained by high-pressure CO2 extraction of a cultivar of Ocimum basilicum L. The experiments were performed in the temperature range of 20 to 50 °C, from 100 to 250 atm of pressure. Chemical analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, permitting to identify 23 compounds that were grouped into five chemical classes. Results showed that temperature and solvent density influenced positively the extraction yield. At 20 °C and 0.41 g cm-3 occurred a rise in the concentration of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.

In this paper we report on the effects of the nutrient solution strength (single and double strength Hoagland solution) on the nutritional value and shelf life of two cultivars ('Napoletano' and 'Genovese') of hydroponically grown sweet basil. In addition, the effect of a cleaning solution (Clorata (R)) on the harvest product was studied. The commercial life of the product was assessed over a 9 days period. Variations of both the antioxidant activity and leaf nitrate and nitrite contents during the storage period were evaluated. Fresh produce quality did not vary dramatically during storage. Although the visual inspection of the packaged product did not reveal substantial alterations, the hydrophilic antioxidant activity decreased linearly during storage. In contrast, an apparent increase in lipophilic antioxidant activity was observed. Nitrate content diminished during storage. Variations of colorimetric indexes are also reported.

The foliar nematode species Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi is reported attacking sweet basil in glasshouses in the province of Imperia, northwest Italy. The nematode colonised and reproduced within the leaf, petiole and stem tissues. The epidermis and mesophyll were invaded by the nematode which caused internerval discoloration and necrosis and collapse of the palisade and spongy parenchyma. All nematode developmental stages, including eggs, were observed in the leaf tissues. Morphology and morphometrics of A. ritzemabosi from chlorotic and necrotic leaf tissues are presented. Possible control measures, which are complicated by the short life cycle of the nematode, the broad host range, and the short productive cycle of basil, are also discussed, together with the risk of an erroneous field diagnosis caused by difficulty in differentiating the symptoms of basil downy mildew and basil black spot from those of the foliar nematode.

Entre as ervas aromáticas, o manjericão possui importância econômica no Brasil, sendo seu consumo tanto in natura quanto para processamento industrial, na obtenção de óleo essencial. Porém, as informações quanto à qualidade aromática dessas plantas em função das técnicas de cultivo são escassas. Avaliou-se a produtividade de duas espécies de manjericão, de folha estreita (Ocimum minimum L.) e de folha larga (Ocimum basilicum L.) em ambiente protegido. Os sistemas de cultivo utilizados foram: 1) hidroponia (floating); 2) substrato preparado e 3) substrato comercial. As amostragens foram realizadas durante o período de florescimento das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em Campinas (SP), em casa de vegetação com controle de umidade e iluminação naturais, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Foram avaliados também o rendimento e composição química dos óleos essenciais das plantas. O sistema hidropônico apresentou a maior produtividade de massa verde, aproximadamente 44% superior aos outros dois tipos de cultivo, para ambas as espécies estudadas. Não houve diferença significativa entre as formas de cultivo quanto ao rendimento e composição química dos óleos essenciais dentro da mesma espécie. Quanto à produção de óleo essencial, as plantas de manjericão de folha estreita apresentaram rendimento aproximadamente 10% mais elevado em relação às de folha larga, além de diferenças significativas na composição dos óleos essenciais entre as espécies.Among the aromatical herbs, basil is of great economic importance in Brazil. This species is used as fresh herb and also for essential oil extraction. To evaluate the productivity of basil in protected environment, two species, Ocimum minimum L. (narrow leaf basil) and Ocimum basilicum L. (wide leaf basil) were cultivated under greenhouse conditions, using a hydroponic system and two types of substrata. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three repetitions. Samples were obtained during the flowering period. The yield and the chemical composition of the essential oils were evaluated. The highest yield of green mass from the two species, was obtained in the hydroponic system, with higher productivity (aprox. 44%) than the plants cultivated in prepared commercial substratum. Plants of Ocimum minimum L. produced more essential oil (aprox. 10%) than plants of Ocimum basilicum L. Significant differences were found in the chemical composition of essential oil between species. No differences were observed in the chemical composition of essential oil, comparing the three cultivation systems.

弘前大学農学生命科学部学術報告. 5, 2003, p.56-59

Naturally contaminated basil seeds were treated by a surface dielectric barrier discharge driven in the humid air by an amplitude modulated AC high voltage to avoid heat shock. In order to avoid direct contact of seeds with microdischarge filaments, the seeds to be treated were placed at sufficient distance from the surface discharge. After treatment, the seeds were analyzed in comparison with control samples for their microbial contamination as well as for the capability of germination and seedling growth. Moreover, chemical modification of seed surface was observed through the elemental energy dispersive x-ray analysis and wettability tests. We found that treatment applied at 20% duty cycle (effective discharge duration up to 20 s) significantly decreases microbial load without reducing the viability of the seeds. On the other side, seedling growth was considerably accelerated after the treatment, and biometric growth parameters of seedlings (total length, weight, leaf extension) considerably increased compared to the controls. Interestingly, scanning electron microscopy images taken for the different duration of treatment revealed that seed radicle micropylar regions underwent significant morphological changes while the coat was substantially undamaged. Inside the seed, the embryo seemed to be well preserved while the endosperm body was detached from the epithelial tegument. A total of 9 different genera of fungi were recovered from the analyzed seeds. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that conidia were localized especially in the micropylar region, and after plasma treatment, most of them showed substantial damages. Therefore, the overall effect of the treatment of naturally contaminated seeds by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by plasma and the consequent changes in surface chemistry and microbial load can significantly improve seed vigor.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal, aromatic and spicy species, which has wide variability and consecutively potential for obtaining new cultivars that add characters of interest. To obtain information about the genotype it is necessary to use phenotypic and genetic parameters, since they may estimate the genotypic behavior from the phenotype. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic performance of basil hybrids and cultivars grown in four crop years, as well as developing new hybrid cultivars. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications. Five hybrids and four parental cultivars constituted the treatments. We evaluated agronomic (dry weight of aerial part, essential oil content and yield) and chemical (linalool, 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial and (E)-methyl cinnamate content in the essential oils) characteristics. The clustering of the means was performed, and the parameters were estimated: genotypic quadratic component ; residual variance ; genotypic coefficient of determination ; coefficient of genetic variation ; coefficient of environmental variation ; ratio, and coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic correlation . All variables expressed high percentages of (higher than 90 %), (higher than 30 %) and ratio (higher than 2 %). The greatest genotypic correlation occurred between neral and geranial ( ranging from 0.949 to 1.005). Most of the variation among the studied variables resulted from the genetic variation, which resulted in differentiated inheritance of characters, agronomic and chemical performance. Linalool was the main compound of most genotypes. The hybrid Cinnamon x Maria Bonita had the highest dry weight of aerial part (90.72 g plant-1) and essential oil yield (2.37 ml plant-1) and contained two main components, methyl cinnamate (41.93 %) and linalool (34.92 %). The hybrid Sweet Dani x Cinnamon presented as a main component (E)-methyl cinnamate (60.15 %), with content superior than its parental ´Cinnamon (47.67 %), besides exhibiting 16.01 % of linalool, which was absent on its parental ´Sweet Dani´. The main component of the hybrid Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita were linalool (58.83 %), as well as geranial (15.20 %) and neral (11.46 %), which were absent on its parental ´Maria Bonita´. The hybrids Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, Cinnamon x Maria Bonita e Sweet Dani x Cinnamon, were distinct in new hybrid cultivars, denominated: ´Vitória´, and ´Norine´ and ´Natalina´, respectively. O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) é uma espécie medicinal, aromática e condimentar que possui ampla variabilidade e, consecutivamente, potencialidade de obtenção de novas cultivares que agreguem caracteres de interesse. Para obter informações sobre o genótipo é necessário utilizar parâmetros fenotípicos e genéticos, já que estes podem estimar o comportamento genotípico a partir do fenótipo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o comportamento fenotípico e genotípico de híbridos e cultivares de manjericão cultivados em quatro anos agrícolas, como também desenvolver novas cultivares híbridas. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Cinco híbridos e quatro cultivares parentais constituíram os tratamentos. Foram avaliadas características agronômicas (massa seca de parte aérea, teor e rendimento de óleo essencial) e químicas (teor de linalol, 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial e (E)-cinamato de metila nos óleos essenciais). Foi realizado o agrupamento das médias e foram estimados os parâmetros: componente quadrático genotípico; variância residual; coeficiente de determinação genotípico; coeficiente de variação genética ; coeficiente de variação ambiental ; razão e coeficiente de correlação fenotípica e genotípica. Todos os caracteres expressaram alta porcentagem de (acima de 90 %), (acima de 30 %) e da razão (acima de 2 %). A maior correlação genotípica foi mantida entre neral e geranial (de 0,949 a 1,005). A maior parte da variação encontrada para os caracteres estudados é determinada pela variação genética dos genótipos, o que resultou na herança dos caracteres e no desempenho agronômico e químico diferenciado. Constatou-se que linalol foi o composto majoritário da maioria dos genótipos. O híbrido Cinnamon x Maria Bonita obteve o melhor desempenho de massa seca de parte aérea (90,72 g planta-1) e rendimento de óleo essencial (2,37 mL planta-1) e apresentou dois compostos majoritários, (E)-cinamato de metila (41,93 %) e linalol (34,92 %). O híbrido Sweet Dani x Cinnamon apresentou como composto majoritário (E)-cinamato de metila (60,15 %), com teor superior ao seu parental ´Cinnamon (47,67 %), além de exibir 16,01 % de linalol, ausente no seu parental ´Sweet Dani . O híbrido Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, apresentou como composto majoritário linalol (58,83 %), assim como, geranial (15,20 %) e neral (11,46 %), ausentes no seu parental ´Maria Bonita . Os híbridos Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, Cinnamon x Maria Bonita e Sweet Dani x Cinnamon, foram distintos em novas cultivares híbridas, denominadas, ´Vitória' , ´Norine' e ´Natalina´, respectivamente.

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura e Pescas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014 A Aquaponia é uma técnica que conjuga a produção de peixes de água doce com vegetais, produzidos em Hidroponia, num sistema de recirculação. Neste sistema, os produtos de excreção dos peixes são transformados, pela ação de bactérias, em nutrientes, que são depois absorvidos pelas plantas. Trata-se de um sistema simbiótico, em que ambas as culturas são beneficiadas pela sua associação, permitindo ainda a produção de elementos de alta qualidade, sem recurso a pesticidas ou tratamentos químicos, e uma redução na área e água que seriam necessárias para estas culturas em separado. Foram construídos e testados sistemas modulares de Aquaponia, compostos por um tanque de 400 litros para os peixes e duas camas de crescimento a este associadas, para as plantas. Para o trabalho experimental foram usadas juvenis de tenca (Tinca tinca L.) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.). Foram testados os efeitos de diferentes níveis de proteína da ração dos peixes no crescimento dos animais, no crescimento das plantas e no balanço de nutrientes dos sistemas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no crescimento dos peixes, com resultados superiores com a ração com nível mais alto de proteína. Os resultados da análise estatística das plantas são inconclusivos, com diferenças significativas em relação a certos parâmetros do desenvolvimento das plantas, mas sem resultados conclusivos em relação a outros. Apesar da acumulação de nitratos em todos os sistemas, ficou estabelecido que o substrato usado para o cultivo hidropónico, LECA, funciona como biofiltro, e que a correção da densidade de peixe e/ou a taxa de alimentação e/ou a quantidade de plantas de um sistema de Aquaponia com uma razão de 1:2 de volume de água dos peixes para o volume de substrato de cultivo é fundamental para o equilíbrio correto de um sistema.

In this study the potential of employing CO2 drying as an alternative to conventional drying techniques of basil was evaluated, with the aim of preservation of native bioactive and sensory properties of basil. For that purpose, optimal CO2 processing conditions were established and compared to air-dried and freeze dried basil samples. The contents of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, chlorophylls, ascorbic acid) and antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically and using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–PDA) analysis. Color analysis and essential oil content were also determined, while consumer evaluation of sensory properties was conducted using hedonic scale preference analysis. According to the obtained results, freeze drying was recognized as the most suitable technique for preservation of color, essential oil content, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of basil. The essential oil content of basil ranged from 0.21 to 0.96%, and decreased upon prolongation of CO2 drying time. Among 4 identified phenolic acids (rosmarinic, chicoric, caftaric and caffeic), rosmarinic acid was the most abundant in all samples. Longer CO2 drying duration (4 h) also exhibited the most detrimental effect on the polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity of basil. The taste and appearance of CO2 dried basil were scored higher in comparison to air-dried basil, but further optimization of CO2 drying is needed to improve its aroma properties. Based on the obtained results, employing shorter CO2 drying time (2, 3 h) and pressures of 80–100 bar at 40 °C might be a good alternative to freeze drying of basil.

Методом газожидкостной хроматографии изучен компонентный состав эфирного масла Ocimum basilicum L. из растительного сырья Республики Беларусь. В образцах эфирного масла Ocimum basilicum L. идентифицировано более 10 компонентов, главными из которых являются линалоол, метилхавикол, 1,8-цинеол, камфора, А и В-пинены, А-терпинеол, эвгенол, В-кариофиллен. Установлены существенные изменения качественного и количественного состава эфирного масла от способа подготовки растительного сырья и длительного хранения эфирного масла.

In this study, the effects of pressure and temperature on supercritical extraction of Ocimum basilicum L (extraction yield and aromatic compounds) were investigated. Investigated pressure range was from 100 to 300 bar, while investigated temperatures were 40, 50 and 60°C. The highest extraction yield was obtained by carbon dioxide at pressure of 300 bar and temperature of 60°C (1.879%). Linalool, eugenol and δ-cadinene were indentified as three main compounds of this way prepared extracts. Dominant compound in all investigated supercritical basil extracts was linalool. The highest content of linalool (15.11 g/100 g) was determined in extract obtained using carbon dioxide at pressure of 200 bar and at temperature of 40°C. In basil extracts eugenol and δ-cadinene were present in the range from 3.74 to 9.87 g/100 g, and 3.20 to 7.21 g/100 g, respectively. Within the experimental range extraction parameters had significant influence on the extraction yield. According to the obtained results for the oil, cadinene and linalool the Gordillo et al. model show the best agreement for obtained experimental datas, therefore the solubility of oil, linalool and cadinene in supercritical carbon dioxide at investigated temperatures is shown as a function of pressure.

Bu çalışma Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında 2010 yılında yürütülmüştür. Denemede Eskişehir ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen reyhan (Ocimum basilicum L.) bitkisinin verim ve verim özellikleri ile farklı biçim saatlerinin reyhanın uçucu yağı ve uçucu yağ bileşimi üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede reyhan bitkileri çiçeklenme başlangıcında iki farklı saatte (08:00 ve 14:00) hasat edilmiştir. İncelenen özelliklerin ortalama değerleri, tek bitki biyolojik verimi 159-223 g/bitki, tek bitki çiçek verimi 11-15 g/bitki, bitki boyu 61-62 cm, yan dal sayısı 3.87-7.65 adet/bitki, yeşil herba verimi 1.54-1.86 ton/da, yeşil çiçek verimi 108-131 kg/da, drog herba verimi 228-237 kg/da, drog yaprak verimi 104-117 kg/da, drog çiçek verimi 17-22 kg/da olarak bulunmuştur. Reyhan çiçek ve yapraklarında uçucu yağ oranının, sırasıyla, %1.88-2.04 ve %0.50-0.94 değerleri arasında değiştiği belirlenmiş ve uçucu yağ analizi sonuçlarına göre ana bileşimlerin; linalol (%55.70-72.90), metilkavikol (%11.07-28.20), -kadinol (%2.07-4.50), trans--bergamoten (%0.80-3.00) ve germakren-D (%0.70-2.63) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ bileşim sınıflandırmasında; monoterpen hidrokarbonlar (%0.02-0.51), oksijenik monoterpenler (%59.71-75.09), seskiterpen hidrokarbonlar (%5.42-8.30), oksijenik seskiterpenler (%2.90-6.48), aromatik komponentler (%12.74- 30.23) ve diğerleri (%0.00-0.24) yer almıştır. Biçim saatleri arasında uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ bileşimi bakımından istatistiki olarak fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak reyhan ile ilgili yapılacak sonraki diurnal çalışmalarda, günlük hasat sıklığını arttırarak uçucu yağ oranlarının, ana bileşimlerinin ve bileşim sınıflandırmasının değişimi daha ayrıntılı incelenmelidir. This study was carried out in the experimental field of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in 2010. In the trial, yield and yield components and the effect of different harvesting hours on essential oil and esential oil components of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown under Eskisehir ecological conditions were determined. The experimental design was a randomized completely block design with three replications and the plants were harvested two times in a day (08:00 and 14:00) at the begin of flowering stage. According to the results average values changed between 159-223 g for biologic yield per plant, 11-15 g for fresh flower yield per plant, 61-62 cm for plant height, 3.87-7.65 number of secondary branches per plant, 1.54-1.86 t/da for fresh herba yield, 108-131 kg/da for dried herba yield, 228-237 kg/da for dried flower yield, 104-117 kg/da for dried leaf yield, 17-22 kg/da for dried flower yield. The essential oil ratio of the leaves and flowers of basil were determined between %1.88-2.04, %0.50-0.94, respectively. The main essential oil compounds were; linalool (55.70-72.90%), methylchavicol (11.07-28.20%), t-cadinol (2.07-4.50%), trans-β-bergamotene (0.80-3.00%) and germacrene-D (0.70-2.63%). The essential oil compounds classification were; monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.02-0.51%), oxygenated monoterpenes (59.71-75.09%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (5.42-8.30%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (2.90-6.48%), aromatic compounds (%12.74-30.23) and others (%0.00- 0.24). There were no statistical differences for percentage of essential oil and compounds between the harvesting hours. It was concluded that in further diurnal researches about Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) it should be analysed in more detail that the alteration of main compounds, compounds classification and rate of essential oil with remaining daily harvest frequence.

Ethanol solution of Ocimum basilicum L. oil was studied as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in 0.5 M HCl. Its inhibition effect was performed using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS methods. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that presence of basil oil in HCl solution influence on current densities decreasing. EIS results confirmed that investigated compound formed protective layer on aluminium surface. Thermodynamic adsorption parameters show that compounds present in basil oil are adsorbed on aluminium surface by an exothermic process, indicating that the adsorption mechanism is physisorption, with the adsorptive layer having an electrostatic character.

Ocimum basilicum L. basil is well known aromatic herb with typical fragrance and flavour, high spice and medicinal value, attractive appearance and colours. Basil takes special place in cooking and additionally has ecological function in nature ; it serves as pasture for bees and other pollinators. In this investigation was tested growing possibility of different basil varieties near Oprtalj/ Istria at 378 meters above sea level. The varieties in investigation were 'Krupnolisni', 'Sitnolisni', 'Dark opal' and 'Rubin'. They differ in colour, leaf size, ethereal oil content and their purpose. Best variety in this investigation was 'Krupnolisni' with statistical significant highest yield of fresh and dried matter as well as dried leaf. 'Dark opal' and 'Rubin' are often used in parks and gardens but in ethereal oil content they are not behind 'Krupnolisni' i Sitnolisni'.

The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of black PE mulch film on yield and quality by using three basil varieties: 'Genovese', 'Holanđanin' and 'Violeto aromatico' cultivated in Galižana, Croatia. The basil was harvested three times in the vegetation, just before flowering, leaving 10 cm of plant above the ground. Analyses showed that the highest vegetative growth and total yield was achieved by the variety 'Genovese' in combination with black PE mulch film. The most successful variety in percentage of leaf was 'Violeto aromatico' with 64.89 % in the uncovered earth and 64.36 % in the ones covered by a black polyethylene mulch film. Intensive harvesting affected the vegetative growth and branching of basil positively, which resulted in an increased percentage of leaf in the third harvest of all three varieties. Highest content of ethereal oil in dried leaf was detected in 'Genovese', and the lowest in 'Violeto aromatico'. The black PE film statistically doesn’t affect the quality of basil cultivated in Istria.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes de manjericão, produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes, em fevereiro de 2011. Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento, sendo T1- testemunha; T2 - pré esfriamento das sementes em câmara tipo BOD sob temperatura de 10ºC por 4 dias; T3 - embebição das sementes em água destilada por 24 horas; T4 - embebição das sementes em solução contendo KNO3 a 0,2 % por 5 minutos e T5 - sementes submetidas em água destilada a temperatura de 70ºC por 5 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott - Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento pré esfriamento em câmara tipo BOD a 10ºC por 4 dias reduz a dormência e promove incrementos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes do manjericão. Aiming in order to assess the effectiveness of treatments to overcome dormancy in seeds of basil, an experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of Unimontes. Following determinations were performed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds, water content, germination, first count germination, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment, which consisted of: T1 - control, T2 - pre-cooling of the seed chamber BOD at a temperature of 10ºC for 4 days, T3 - soaking the seeds in water distilled for 24 hours, T4 - soaking the seeds in a solution containing 0,2% for 5 minutes and T5 - submitted seeds in distilled water at 70ºC for 5 minutes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott 5% probability. The pre-cooling treatment in BOD chamber at 10ºC for 4 days reduced dormancy and promotes increases in the physiological quality of seeds of basil.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) sob ambiente protegido, submetidos a doses supra-ótimas de nitrogênio (N) e potássio (K), foi desenvolvido um estudo no Campus da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista (BA), no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006. As plantas foram conduzidas em sacolas de polietileno preto, seguindo o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 4/4, com três repetições e 16 tratamentos, definidos pelas interações entre as doses de 0; 50; 100; 150 Kg,ha-1 N (uréia) e de K (KCl). Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, produtividade e Índice SPAD (Soil plant Analysis Development). Para diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e área foliar foi verificada um decréscimo com a elevação das doses de K aplicadas ao substrato; quanto ao N, não houve influência significativa. Também não foi verificado interação entre os nutrientes estudados. Entretanto, não houve influência das doses de nutrientes ministrados nos resultados de produtividade e na massa seca total da planta.Abstract Aiming at evaluating the growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum, L.) under protected environment, submitted to different doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), a study was developed at Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia in Vitória da Conquista (BA), from October to December 2006. The plants were carried in black polyethylene bags, following a random block delineation and factorial scheme 4x4, with three repetitions and 16 treatments, defined by the interactions among the doses of 0; 50; 100; 150 kg ha-1 (Urea) and K (KCl). Growth characteristics, productivity and SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development) were evaluated. For stem diameter, plant height and leaf area it was verified a decrease after increasing doses of K applied to the substrate; whereas N did not present any meaningful influence. However there was no influence of nutrient doses applied results in productivity and total dry mass of the plant.

Different concentrations of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (0.19; 0.38; 0.75; 1.87; 3.75 and 6.00 mg.g-1) were evaluated in relation to their antioxidant activity using the DPPH● radical methodology. From the IC50 obtained data, the concentrations of 0.19; 0.38; 0.75; 1.87; 3.75; 6.00 and 12.00 mg.mL-1 were applied directly to the product and these were sensorially evaluated by the test of control difference. The concentrations related to the highest acceptability (0.19; 0.38 and 0.75 mg.g-1) were tested for antioxidant activity in the internal part of Italian type salami - during the processing and after 30 days of storage, in terms of lipid and protein oxidation. The oxidation of lipids was determined using the method of TBARS. The method of carbonyl compounds was employed for proteins oxidation. Five different formulations of salami were elaborated: blank (without the use of antioxidant); control (using sodium eritorbate as antioxidant); and adding 0.19; 0.38 and 0.75 mg.g-1 of basil essential oil. The product was kept between 25 ºC and 18 ºC and UR between 95% and 70%, for 28 days. Analyses were carried out on the processing day and after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and also following 30 days of storage. The basil essential oil in vitro presented an antioxidant activity of IC50 12 mg.mL-1. In the internal part of the Italian type salami the commercial antioxidant (control) and the formulation containing 0.75 mg.g-1 of basil essential oil presented antioxidant activity in relation to the lipids, but not to the proteins - during processing and storage. Diferentes concentrações de óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) (2,5; 3,75; 5,0; 7,5; 10; 12,5; 15; 17,5; e 20 mg.mL-1) foram avaliadas com relação à sua atividade antioxidante, utilizando a metodologia do radical DPPH●. A partir dos dados de IC50 obtidos, as concentrações de 0,19; 0,38; 0,75; 1,87; 3,75; 6,00; e 12,00 mg.mL-1 foram aplicadas diretamente no produto e foram avaliados sensorialmente pelo teste de diferença do controle. As concentrações com maior aceitabilidade sensorial (0,19; 0,38; e 0,75 mg.g-1) foram testadas com relação à atividade antioxidante na parte interna de salame tipo italiano, durante a etapa de processamento e após 30 dias de armazenamento, em termos da oxidação de lipídios e proteínas. Para a oxidação dos lipídios utilizou-se o método de TBARS, enquanto que para a oxidação das proteínas no salame, empregou-se o método dos compostos carbonil. Foram elaboradas 5 formulações de salames: branco (sem nenhum tipo de antioxidante), controle (com eritorbato de sódio, antioxidante comercial) e com 0,19; 0,38 e 0,75 mg.g-1 de óleo essencial de manjericão, que permaneceram 28 dias, em temperaturas entre 25 ºC e 18 ºC e UR entre 95% e 70% (etapa de processamento). As análises foram realizadas: no dia do processamento e decorridos 2, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias deste, assim como com 30 dias de armazenamento. O óleo de manjericão "in vitro" apresentou IC50 12 mg.mL-1 de atividade antioxidante e, na parte interna do salame, o antioxidante comercial (controle) e o óleo de manjericão na concentração de 0,75 mg.g-1 apresentaram atividade antioxidante frente aos lipídios, mas não frente às proteínas, durante o processamento e armazenamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 425463 bytes, checksum: 257781a7d47df0fceed11d787adbc58c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-19 Irrigation and mineral nutrition of plants are one of the most important technologies used to increase productivity and enable greater efficiency and stability in agricultural production. Thus the objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of interaction between irrigation and potassium on growth and biomass production in basil, a plant widely used for various purposes: ornamental, spice, medicinal, aromatic, industrial and perfumery. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Campus II University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP. The experiment was comprised, four irrigation levels (T1 - 25% ETc, T2 - 50% ETc, T3 - 100% ETc, T4 - 150% ETc) and four potassium levels (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1) with three replications. The variables analyzed included the length of the field of basil (CPA), root length (RL), root dry mass (RDM), shoot fresh weight (FMAP), shoot dry mass (SDM) and leaf area (AF). There was no interaction between irrigation levels and potassium doses tested for the variables, except for leaf area (LA) showed that interaction between irrigation levels and potassium levels to 1% of significance, with the doses of Potassium significant only for the depth of 100%, the addition of this element in the soil caused increased leaf area. It is recommended that the dose of 200 kg ha-1 K associated with water depth of 100% of the crop water needs, aiming to increase profitability, as this blade had the highest water use efficiencies. A irrigação e a nutrição mineral de plantas são umas das mais importantes tecnologias empregadas para aumentar a produtividade e permitir maior eficiência e estabilidade na produção agrícola. Dessa maneira o objetivo deste experimento foi analisar o efeito da interação entre lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio no crescimento e produção de biomassa em manjericão, planta muito utilizada para diversos fins: ornamental, condimentar, medicinal, aromático, na indústria de perfumaria e cosméticos. O ensaio foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na área experimental do Campus II da Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), em Presidente Prudente SP. Constou-se de 16 tratamentos, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação com base na evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) (T1 25% ETc, T2 50% ETc, T3 100% ETc, T4 150% ETc) e 4 doses de potássio (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1), com 3 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o comprimento da parte área do manjericão (CPA), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa fresca de parte aérea (MFPA), massa seca de parte aérea (MSPA) e área foliar (AF). As diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio influenciaram significativamente todas as variáveis analisadas. A maior massa da parte aérea foi obtida quando se aplicou certa de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura e a maior dose de potássio (200 Kg ha-1). Tomando por base a massa da parte aérea, a melhor eficiência do uso da água foi obtida para lâmina d água e dose de K20 ligeiramente menores do que os citados anteriormente.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de plantas nas características produtivas do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.), cultivado a campo. O experimento foi conduzido na estação experimental pertencente à UNIOESTE, em Marechal Cândido Rondon PR, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2010. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de cinco espaçamentos entre plantas (0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 m) e o segundo de dois espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (0,20 e 0,30 m). As variáveis avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro da copa, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea e das folhas, massa seca das folhas e das raízes, e determinadas a produção de massa fresca das folhas e da parte aérea. Os menores espaçamentos entre plantas e entre linhas proporcionaram maior produção de massa por área. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different plant densities on the yield characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in the field. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station belonging to UNIOESTE in Marechal Candido Rondon - PR for the period September to December 2010. The design was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor consisted of five plant spacings (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 m) and the second of two planting spacings (0.20 and 0, 30 m). The smaller spacing between plants and between rows, to provide greater mass production by area.

The chemical composition of essential oils and free radicals balance on the basis of superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation in seeds of 5 different gespecies of Ocimum basilicum L. were investigated. Main component of essential oils was linalool and methyl cavicol and examined seeds belonge to linaloolic chemotype. Seeds with high free radicals balance because of high superoxide dismutase activity and low lipid peroxidation had also high linalool content. On the contrary, seeds with low superoxide dismutase activity and high lipid peroxidation had small linalool content. Therefore seeds with high superoxide dismutase and low lipid peroxidation could be used in breeding Ocimum basilicum L. species with high linalool content.

Genótipos de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) apresentam diferentes teores, rendimentos e composições químicas de óleos essenciais. Fatores influenciam na produção do óleo essencial de manjericão, como a cultivar plantada e o método de cultivo. O estudo dos parâmetros genéticos tem sido ferramenta útil na identificação de genótipos superiores. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estimar alguns parâmetros genéticos associados ao comportamento produtivo de seis populações de manjericão nos anos agrícola 2004/05 e 2005/06. As características massa seca de folha + inflorescência e rendimento de óleo essencial apresentaram grande variabilidade por forte influência dos anos estudados. Já o teor de linalol manteve sua produtividade estável ao longo dos dois anos. Teor e rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de linalol no óleo essencial apresentaram herdabilidades altas na análise conjunta, indicando controle genético e grande possibilidade de serem transmitidas para as gerações futuras. Na análise conjunta as populações PI 197442-S3-bulk 3, PI 197442-S3-bulk 5 e PI 197442-S3-bulk 8 apresentaram os maiores teores e rendimentos de óleo essencial. Quanto ao constituinte químico majoritário do óleo essencial, o linalol, todas as populações apresentaram teores semelhantes, diferindo apenas na presença de alguns constituintes químicos minoritários. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes present different contents, yields and chemical constituents in its essential oils. Factors influence the essential oil production of basil, such as cultivar and cultivation method. The study of genetic parameters is a useful tool to identify superior genotypes. In this work we estimated some genetic parameters associated to the production behavior of six basil populations cultivated in 2004/05 and 2005/06. The variables dry weight of leaves + inflorescences and essential oil yield presented high variability because of strong influence of the studied years. Linalool content presented constant values during the two years. Essential oil content and yield and linalool content in the essential oil presented high herdability in the combined analyses, indicating genetic control and great possibilities to transmit them to the following generations. The combined analyses showed highest essential oil content and yield for the populations PI 197442-S3-bulk 3, PI 197442-S3-bulk 5 and PI 197442-S3-bulk 8. For the major chemical constituent of the essential oil, linalool, all the populations presented similar content. Only the minor chemical constituents were different.

Research was carried out in Naples province in 2004 and 2005, in winter, with the aim of assessing the production and quality of basil plants grown in pot (peat-lapil) inside plastic gullies, under a thermal PE polytunnel equipped with an air heating system. Four plant densities (9, 12, 15 and 18 plants per pot) were compared, arranging a randomised complete block design with three replicates. The 12 plants per pot density gave the best results, in terms of weights and leaf area and, not differently from the 9 units treatment, showed the shortest cycle duration. As regards individual features, the 9 plants per pot produced the best performances, i.e. the highest stem thickness. Plant water and nutrient uptakes showed the highest intensities in the last growing week, in the 12 plants pots, except for phosphorus and calcium, whose adsorptions didn’t differ between the 9 and 12 unit treatments. La ricerca é stata condotta in Campania nel 2004 e 2005, nella stagione invernale, con l’obiettivo di valutare la produzione di piantine di basilico (cv “Gecom FT”) allevato in vaso, all’interno di una serra-tunnel rivestita con film di PE termico e dotata di generatori di aria calda. Sono stati posti a confronto quattro densità d’investimento (9, 12, 15 e 18 piante per vaso), adottando un disegno sperimentale a blocchi completi randomizzati con tre ripetizioni; ciascun trattamento includeva 30 piante. L’impianto idroponico consisteva di: a) canalette rigide in PVC (larghe ciascuna 12 cm, profonde 10 e lunghe 300), posizionate a 70 cm di altezza dal suolo; b) contenitori in plastica da 220 l; c) pompe sommerse della potenza di 90 W; tubazioni di mandata e ritorno in PE. I vasi, riempiti con torba e lapillo (rapporto di 1:1 in volume), sono stati collocati nelle canalette il 15 gennaio, attraverso fori praticati nel film di PE bianco e distanziati di 10 cm lungo e tra le file (18 per m2). Le piante sono state alimentate con una soluzione nutritiva (EC = 2.8 mS•cm-1; pH=5.8; N:K:Ca=1.0:1.2:0.9), che non è stata mai corretta ma completamente cambiata al termine di ciascun ciclo settimanale. Tra le densità esaminate, quelle basate su 12 piante per vaso hanno determinato i valori più elevati di produzione ed espansione fogliare e, unitamente al trattamento “9 piante per vaso”, hanno manifestato la durata del ciclo colturale più breve. In termini di singole piante, invece, la densità di 9 unità per alloggiamento ha generato i migliori risultati, soprattutto lo spessore degli steli più rilevante. Gli assorbimenti giornalieri idrici e nutrizionali hanno espresso le intensità più elevate nell’ultima settimana del ciclo e nei vasi contenenti 12 piante. Un’eccezione è stata rappresentata da fosforo e calcio, che sono stati assunti dalle piante con ritmi analoghi in corrispondenza delle due densità colturali più basse (9 e 12 piante per vaso).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de fitomassa e óleo essencial de melissa (Melissa officinalis L.) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.), em cultivo consorciado e em monocultivo. O experimento foi conduzido de maio a outubro de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram nos cultivos consorciados 1- manjericão + cenoura, 2- manjericão + alface, 3- melissa + cenoura, 4- melissa + alface e 5- melissa + manjericão, além dos monocultivos de cada planta medicinal. Foram avaliados a produção de massa fresca, seca e o teor de óleo essencial de melissa e manjericão. Os resultados foram estatisticamente analisados por meio de contrastes ortogonais, empregando-se o teste F. O monocultivo de melissa e o cultivoconsorciado de melissa + alface apresentaram as maiores produções de fitomassa fresca e seca e os maiores teores de óleo essencial. Para o manjericão, a produção de biomassa foi maior no monocultivo e consórcio com alface, e menor no consórcio com cenoura, o monocultivo não diferiu estatisticamente do consórcio entre manjericão e alface. Dessa forma, conclui-se que é possível estabelecer o consórcio entre as espécies utilizadas no trabalho. As médias dos contrastes analisados evidenciaram, para a característica de produtividade, que os consórcios foram superiores tanto no cultivo do manjericão quanto no cultivo da melissa, sendo a alface a melhor cultura companheira. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of phytomass andessential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in intercropped cultive. The consorted experiment was carried out from May to October of the year 2008. The experimental delimitation was randomized blocks was consisted by seven treatments and five replications. The treatments were the following intercropped yields: basil + carrot, basil + lettuce, balm + carrot and balm + lettuce and the monocultives of each medicinal plants. There had been evaluated: the production of fresh and dry phytomass and the basil and balm essential oil content. The results were submitted under a statistical analysis by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The treatments showed significant differences: the monoculture of balm and the cultivation of intercropped balm + lettuce had the best results of fresh and dry phytomass and the highest levels of the balm essential oil cultivation, showing that the intercropped can be established between these species. For the basil, the phytomass production was higher in monoculture and the basiland lettuce intercropping, and lower in the basil and carrot one. Suchtreatments were statistically more superior than the basil and carrotintercropping. Taking this for granthed, the conclusion is that it is possible to establish an intercropping between the species used in this work.The avarage of the analyzed contrasts revealed that, for productivity featuring, the intercropping was higher both in the cultivation of basil as in the cultivation of lemon balm, and the lettuce was the best intercropping match.