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This article examines how the Attorney General's Office of Ecuador applies the principle of objectivity to ensure fair and impartial criminal investigations and proceedings. The principle of objectivity requires that decisions be based on facts and evidence rather than personal biases or external influences. Despite the legal and international normative provisions emphasizing objectivity, its implementation in Ecuador faces challenges. One key challenge is political influence in the Attorney General's Office. The proximity between political power and the Attorney General often raises doubts about the impartiality of decisions. Additionally, the lack of financial independence can affect the Attorney General's Office's ability to act objectively, as it could depend on government resources subject to political pressures. Another challenge is training and institutional culture. It is crucial that prosecutors are adequately trained to effectively apply the principle of objectivity. Furthermore, the Attorney General's Office must promote an internal culture that fosters impartiality and transparency at all stages of the investigation and criminal process. As a result, to improve the objectivity of the Attorney General's Office, it is necessary to address these challenges. This could involve ensuring the political and financial independence of the Attorney General's Office, as well as strengthening training and institutional culture. Additionally, mechanisms for oversight and accountability should be implemented to ensure that the Attorney General's Office fulfills its duty to act objectively at all times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relevance of Internal Communication (IC) in the University Management process. This is a theoretical essay that presents a conception of university and contextualizes IC within the scope of University Management. The IC encompasses communication phenomena that can both facilitate and complicate relationships within the institutions – therefore, it´s easy to see that IC guidelines can increase its effectiveness. In order to formulate communication guidelines in federal universities it is necessary to know the reality in which they are inserted. Furthermore, the existence and implementation of IC guidelines, with objectivity and clarity, brings up the possibility of enhancing the internal climate in the institution, as well as the commitment and satisfaction with work, decreasing conflicts and uncertainties, in addition to acting as a factor of innovation and integration within the institution, strengthening the role of the university as a social institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological models of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 played an important role in guiding the decisions of policy-makers during the pandemic. Such models provide output projections, in the form of time -series of infections, hospitalisations, and deaths, under various different parameter and scenario assumptions. In this paper I caution against handling these outputs uncritically: raw model-outputs should not be presented as direct projections in contexts where modelling results are required to support policy -decisions. I argue that model uncertainty should be handled and communicated transparently. Drawing on methods used by climate scientists in the fifth IPCC report I suggest that this can be done by: attaching confidence judgements to projections based on model results; being transparent about how multi-model ensembles are supposed to deal with such uncertainty; and using expert judgement to ‘translate’ model-outputs into projections about the actual world. In a slogan: tell me what you think (and why), not (just) what your models say. I then diffuse the worry that this approach infects model-based policy advice with some undesirably subjective elements, and explore how my discussion fares if one thinks the role of a scientific advisor is to prompt action, rather than communicate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Administration Journal (0256-9035) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Narrative: In this paper I give the principles for each of the three Categories applied within Sacro Occipital Technique (SOT) and show how these relate to each of the three primary systems of the body DeJarnette was a researcher, author, teacher and developer of the SOT systems method of Chiropractic and the principles he gave underpin a clinically solid and successful approach to patient care. A system strives for equilibrium, a point of balance, a state in which all components of the system are in a state of harmony. The SOT practitioner strives to achieve harmony and balance amongst these three systems of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a topic modeling approach to corpus-based dialectometry. Topic models are most often used in text mining to find latent structure in a collection of documents. They are based on the idea that frequently co-occurring words present the same underlying topic. In this study, topic models are used on interview transcriptions containing dialectal speech directly, without any annotations or preselected features. The transcriptions are modeled on complete words, on character n-grams, and after automatical segmentation. Data from three languages, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swiss German, are scrutinized. The proposed method is capable of discovering clear dialectal differences in all three datasets, while reflecting the differences between them. The method provides a significant simplification of the dialectometric workflow, simultaneously saving time and increasing objectivity. Using the method on non-normalized data could also benefit text mining, which is the traditional field of topic modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of competence, integrity, independence, objectivity, on audit quality with risk-based audit moderation variables at the Kuningan Regency Inspectorate. This research is quantitative research. The data used is primary data with a data collection method in the form of a questionnaire. The research data was processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program with a sample of 53 respondents. The results showed that auditor competence had no significant effect on audit quality. Meanwhile, auditor integrity, auditor independence and auditor objectivity have a significant effect on audit quality. Risk-based audit moderation variables are unable to moderate auditor competence, auditor integrity, auditor independence and auditor objectivity on audit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To help explain in a principled way why criminal law doctrine tends to abstract away from motives and other individualized circumstances, I have defended an insufficient regard theory of criminal culpability that is more objective in certain respects than other views in the same camp. This has led Alec Walen to object that my view is too objective to be an account of culpability and is better understood as a theory of criminal wrongs. This challenge is important not least because it requires getting clearer about what wrongness and culpability are and what roles they play on a legal moralist picture of the criminal law. Here, I argue that Walen's objection is mistaken. Once we get clearer on what distinguishes wrongness and culpability, it becomes clear that my account is best seen as a theory of culpability. This is so even though it calculates degrees of culpability in a more objective way than other insufficient regard views. Besides just defending my account from Walen's objection, this paper aims to make a positive contribution by developing a more sophisticated version of the Manifestation Account I proposed earlier. To do this, I focus on the main area of criminal law doctrine where culpability comes apart from wrongness – namely, excuse cases. My earlier Manifestation Account is implausible – or at least limited – because it has nothing distinctive to say about how to determine the culpability of excused misconduct. Accordingly, the theory would be, if not outright false, at best incompatible with the orthodox view in criminal law theory, which takes excuses to accept wrongdoing but deny culpability. To solve this problem and enhance the Manifestation Account's explanatory value, I show how to extend the theory to account for the culpability of wrongs where a putatively excusing condition is in play. This not only fills a gap in the Manifestation Account but has the further benefit of providing a unified reasons-based account of the main categories of misconduct in the criminal law, which shows what separates criminal wrongness from culpability both in justification cases and excuse cases. The hope is that this effort will shed light on the distinct roles of wrongness and culpability in legal moralist theories of the criminal law and provide a better understanding of degrees of culpability for criminal wrongs – not only when justifications are at issue, but also when excuses are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research topic is a subject or problem that an investigator is interested in research. The starting point of any research project that is successful is a well-defined subject of research. The selection of topics is an ongoing approach in which investigators analyse, describe, classify, and refine their ideas. For the ease of selection of topics particularly in the field of Ayurveda, Authors have created an acronym ‘TOPIC’ as a guiding tool for the selection of the area of research. The components of the TOPIC criterion are Textual & Time-bound; Objectivity & Outcome measures; Planning & Pragmatic; Innovative & Interesting and Contemporarily relevant & Consent, highlight useful points for the easy selection of the topic for the research by the novice.

Currently, in the theory of criminal procedure there are disputes and intensive searches for models of criminal procedure adequate to modern social conditions. The form of preliminary investigation is of particular importance in this regard, including ensuring the objectivity and impartiality of the investigation through the proper allocation of procedural functions. Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the leading national models of preliminary investigation to identify the main directions of their development, their strengths and weaknesses, in order to develop proposals for the optimal choice of the required form, taking into account various social conditions. Methods: structural-functional analysis, comparative legal method, formal-legal method, method of legal hermeneutics. Results: the separation of procedural functions makes it possible to divide opposing interests in criminal procedure, without linking them to the activities of the same participants, which primarily guarantees the independence of the court and observance of the rights of the defense party. The concept of procedural functions is rooted in the adversarial type of criminal proceedings (accusation – defense – justice). However, due to the factual inequality of opportunities, it is dangerous to impose a purely accusatory task on the state authorities in charge of preliminary investigation. A restraining factor may be the separation of the functions of public prosecution, carried out by services such as prosecutors, and investigation, usually carried out by police inquiries or investigating judges. The forms of their combination can be very different in French, German, and even Anglo-American types of proceedings; however, the investigating body should always, in one way or another, be distanced from the procedural function of prosecution, engaging as far as possible in an objective and unbiased investigation, which requires a sufficiently high level of legal culture. In its scarcity, a competing adversarial model may be an investigation conducted by the public prosecution and defense in full equality under the auspices of an independent judge supervising the investigation.

One of the important issues that has made thinkers in the field of philosophy of religion think and reflect, is the discussion of reality and, in a more scientific sense, the objectivity of the "transcendent". being real; In other words, the transcendent has an truth independent of the mind, which this issue is presented in religious experience as essentialism, against which the idea of constructivism is raised. Norman Geisler and Allameh Tabatabai are two thinkers who have taken an essentialist approach to this issue and have tried to prove the objectivity of the transcendent with their arguments. Comparative comparison of the ideas of these two thinkers -that is novel subject- is the subject of this article, the differences and similarities of which have been explained. Allameh used the word "transcendent being" and Geisler used the word "transcendent object". According to Geisler, (the sum of philosophical reason and religious experience) and in the thought of Allama, moderate rationalism is observed. Geisler's method is empirical and philosophical, and Allameh's method is broad and includes philosophical, cosmological, intuitive-mystical, and revelatory methods. The result of such an adaptation is that the principles, methods, and concepts are distinct in the two ideas, but as a result, a similar expression is presented. Therefore, we reached the final hypothesis, which is the result of a combination of two ideas, and based on the distinction between "investigability" and "excellence process", Allameh's approach to investigability and Norman's approach to the excellence process are preferred.

A light form of value realism is defended according to which objective properties of comparison objects make value comparisons true or false. If one object has such a better-making property and another lacks it, this is sufficient for the truth of a corresponding value comparison. However, better-making properties are only necessary and usually not sufficient parts of the justifications of value comparisons. The account is not reductionist; it remains consistent with error-theoretic positions and the view that there are normative facts.

The Aquatic Readiness Assessment (ARA) is an assessment instrument for measuring children's aquatic readiness. The objective of the study was to translate the English version into Portuguese and to investigate the content, construct, and criterion validity as well as the reliability and rater objectivity of the ARA for Brazilian children. Twenty-three professionals and 464 children, newborn to 13 years-old participated in the study. We found strong content (94% to 100% of judges’ agreement) and criterion validity, internal consistency (α from .96 to .97), and inter-rater objectivity (ICC from .81 to .98), and test-retest reliability (ICC from .94 to .98). Appropriate fit indices were observed for the model (CFI = .99; TLI = .99; RMSEA .08, CI 90% = .67 to .10); the model was invariant for boys and girls (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .080; ΔCFI = .009; Δ RMSEA = .015) but not for age groups (CFI = .87, RMSEA = .160). The ARA presented adequate validity and reliability for evaluating the swimming performance of Brazilian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important conversation in entrepreneurship focuses on the question of whether entrepreneurial opportunities are objective or subjective. The discovery view suggests that they are objective. The creation view suggests they are subjective. Resolving the debate requires first understanding what objectivity is for any social phenomenon. The debate can then be disaggregated into two questions: Are entrepreneurial opportunities ontologically subjective, and can they be epistemologically objective? The answer to both questions is "yes." Transforming a completely subjective opportunity into an epistemologically objective opportunity requires changing beliefs--of consumers, employees, governments, and other stakeholders--along with the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders vis-è-vis the entity created to exploit an opportunity. This view of opportunities has important implications for social science research more broadly, as well as management and entrepreneurship, specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While racialized stereotyping in mass media is well-documented, sociological analysis of the journalistic practices and norms contributing to the production of such representations remains underdeveloped. We study these by analyzing media reporting on street harassment in the Netherlands, which frequently mentioned the racialized profiles of perpetrators. Existing research has proposed two major causes of racialized stereotyping in the press: (1) journalists' passive and unreflective reproduction of popular racialized stereotypes and (2) commercialization of the press as favoring the provocative racialized discourse of right-wing populists. Based on content analysis of press coverage and interviews with Dutch journalists and the actors they reported on—politicians, activists, and others involved in the public problem of street harassment—we identify apprehension of political correctness as a third cause of racialized framings in the press. Specifically, we show how many journalists considered addressing the question of whether racialized men are overrepresented as perpetrators to be a way of avoiding complicity with politicians and other powerful actors who allegedly avoid sensitive questions about race and migration. This article proposes a theory of "apprehension of political correctness" as a contribution to scholarship on journalistic practice and racialized stereotyping in the press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept of sublime has a long record. The record refers usually to ancient Greece but in modern time emerged a challenge, That sublime debated under aesthetics. Kant debated the sublime in his philosophy under aesthetics too. Imagination has special importance in discussion of the sublime. This discussion has other aspects in Kant's philosophy that we must regard to them. In critique of pure reason, imagination participates with understanding and sense, consequently in current interpretations Kant's work is epistemology; it provides conditions of possibility of objectivity in first critique. But in Critique of the Power of Judgment, imagination has a free operation in test judgment, it is in a free harmony with understanding. In theory of the sublime, imagination has relation with reason here feeling of the sublime is similar to morel feeling. Thus it reveals the unity of total determination of man. Therefore we understand the nature as exhibition of supersensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the account of the courtroom interpreter portrayed in Katie Kitamura's novel Intimacies and argues that the book's account presents the interpreter as an actor who must erase the subjective self in the service of advancing legally defensible narratives. The article contends that this vision of the interpreter, and the novel's treatment of its judicial setting function as a critique of the colonial roles of law in both systemic and personal terms, and highlights the law's pursuit, not of monolithic truths, but of procedurally defensible narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The humanities are centrally concerned with such human subjectivity—such thinking, feeling, and wondering—as goes into the appreciation of a painting or the absorbed and responsive reading of a novel. It is often argued that the intrinsic subjectivity of these experiences renders them inaccessible to objective science, which seeks to avoid subjectivity. However, this fallacious argument confuses an ontological and an epistemic sense of the distinction between subjectivity and objectivity. The subjectivity of "thinking, feeling, and wondering" describes the mode of existence of these mental states, whereas the objectivity of science describes a mode of investigation, and it is in fact very possible to investigate human mental life by means of objective methods. This article expounds the fallacy and examines its appearances in recent scholarly writings against the use of objective methods in the humanities. The fallacy, as is argued, promotes a widespread misconception that the use of objective methods in the humanities would entail a discounting, or "reduction," of human subjectivity. By countering this misconception, this article aims to encourage humanists who are drawn to empirical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victorian art critic and historian Vernon Lee is best known for her theory of empathy, which attributes art viewers' consciously held aesthetic preferences to unconsciously felt physiological responses to visual stimuli. Scholars have been especially interested in the ways empathy anticipates modernist and New Critical emphases on objectivity and empiricism, often treating empathy as the culmination of Lee's career. This article turns to lesser-known texts by Lee to show that she went on to have serious misgivings not only about her own physiological theory of aesthetics but about other critics' pursuits of objectivity and empiricism as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I compare the methodology of two of the most famous epidemiological studies: The Midtown Manhattan Study (1952–60) and the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (1980–5). At first sight, there are few features that distinguish them; both were studies of large samples of the general population; they both used highly sophisticated methods of data analysis and standardized instruments; and they involved interviewers who were not professional clinicians. However, if we carefully compare the protocols that define how 'clinical' information is collected, we realize that some important changes in methodology were not only due to practical necessities, but also involved an important transformation in the role of the interviewer and the skills traditionally associated with the clinician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on Nozick's invariantism about objectivity, I propose to define scientific objectivity in terms of counterfactual independence. I will argue that such a counterfactual independence account is (a) able to overcome the decisive shortcomings of Nozick's original invariantism and (b) applicable to three paradigmatic kinds of scientific objectivity (that is, objectivity as replication, objectivity as robustness, and objectivity as Mertonian universalism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an interpretation and defense of Husserl's account of the omnitemporality of idealities. I first examine why Husserl rejects the atemporality and temporal individuation of idealities on phenomenological grounds, specifically that these attributions prove countersensical in how they relate idealities to consciousness. As an alternative to these conceptions, I develop a two-sided interpretation of omnitemporality expressed in modal terms of actuality and possibility; the actual referring to appearances in time and the possible, to reactivation at any time, on phenomenological grounds. In defense of this interpretation of omnitemporality, I consider influential criticisms against Husserl's account of idealities as they concern time, particularly whether the historical genesis of idealities compromises their omnitemporality by binding them to time. Ultimately, I argue that the transcendental historicity of idealities, despite being relevant to the question of validity and access, proves indifferent to their omnitemporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We conduct two experiments using experienced audit partners as participants to investigate whether engagement partners' involvement in the client acquisition process as the contact partner can influence their subsequent audit judgments, and whether the engagement quality review partner's judgments are influenced when he or she is aware that engagement partners play both roles. As predicted, we find that engagement partners who are also the contact partners during client acquisition tend to make judgments that are biased in favor of the client. However, engagement quality review partners are not sensitive to whether the engagement partner was the contact partner or not, but may be motivated to make decisions that favor the engagement partner. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how the client acquisition process influences the judgments of various partners later in the course of audit engagements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An advanced electronic information equipment interface control and status monitoring system is proposed to ensure the fairness, objectivity, and security of information while identifying responsibility for traffic accidents. Through an in-depth analysis of the system's security requirements and the current landscape of information security technology, a robust security strategy is developed for each crucial system stage. A PC-based platform is developed for efficient data acquisition, secure processing, reliable transmission, and fortified storage, focusing on implementing nonlinear data encryption methods. Performance evaluation of the system involved rigorous testing using files ranging from 3MB to 10MB. The results of the proposed system revealed a significant improvement in the system's overall speed and efficiency, showcasing an average performance enhancement of one quarter compared to the original platform. The proposed system demonstrated an impressive 15% to 30% increase in processing speed, establishing its capability to ensure data integrity protection during information transmission, facilitate accurate identification of data recording equipment post-accident, and safeguard the security of stored data. The developed electronic information equipment interface control and status monitoring system effectively addresses critical challenges associated with ensuring data integrity and security in traffic accident investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how journalists in the United States advocated for a stronger affirmation of social justice in journalism following the murder of George Floyd in 2020. Analyzing the metajournalistic discourse in trade publications (Niemanlab, Columbia Journalism Review, Poynter) and on the web, this study traces how journalists and commentators challenged the professional norm of journalistic objectivity. In particular, it examines how journalistic objectivity became identified as a problematic concept, what journalists were suggesting as its alternative, and how the journalistic establishment responded. This study identifies three dimensions of criticisms and connects these to disagreements within specific modalities of journalistic objectivity (procedural, ethical, ideological). Ultimately, this analysis locates an ideological struggle in which fundamental moral norms of journalism are not only being vigorously contested but also rearticulated and renegotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News organizations in recent years have embraced documentary film. From streaming ventures to Academy Award nominations, newsrooms are producing documentaries to reach new audiences and maintain their relevance in changing media cultures. This study examines documentary's surging popularity among news outlets and addresses two questions: How does the political economy of media affect filmmakers' editorial decisions and aesthetic choices? And, how do seemingly commonplace audiovisual and production techniques – such as music, lighting, sound design, and directing – complicate journalistic norms? Drawing on in-depth interviews with journalistic filmmakers (n = 24), the study offers three findings: the political economy of digital media is altering the production and distribution models for documentary, creating ethical dilemmas for filmmakers; the relational dynamics among filmmakers, participants, and audiences significantly inform the ethical frameworks that filmmakers use; and the 'emotional truth' of documentary storytelling forces filmmakers to reevaluate their conceptions of objectivity and neutrality. The study illuminates the relationship between documentary and journalism, and details how filmmakers are navigating the increasingly-blurry boundaries between these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on geosites inventorying and assessment methods often mentions the issue of objectivity but lacks a detailed discussion of its nature. Indeed, developments in the philosophy and practice of science have shown that objectivity is a complex, multifaceted concept, making its assessment challenging in specific situations. This paper, therefore, draws from this broader debate on objectivity in order to examine and possibly enhance its presence in the aforesaid methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A multiscale model for saturated porous media is proposed, based on the concept of representative volume element (RVE). The physics between macro and micro‐scales is linked in terms of virtual power measures given by the general theory of poromechanics. Then, applying the so‐called Principle of Multiscale Virtual Power, together with suitable admissible constraints on micro‐scale displacement and pore pressure fields, a well‐established variational framework is obtained. This setting allows deriving the weak form of micro‐scale balance equations as well as the homogenization rules for the macro‐scale stress‐like variables and body forces. Whenever the micro‐scale mechanical constitutive functionals admit, as input arguments, the full‐order expansion of the micro‐scale pore pressure field, a size effect is inherited on the macro‐scale material response. The current literature attributes this issue to the so‐called "dynamical" or "second‐order" term of the homogenized flux velocity. It has been commonly suggested that the influence of this term is negligible by assuming infinitely small micro‐scale dimensions. However, such an idea compromises the fundamental notion of the existence of RVE for highly heterogeneous media. In this work, we show that the micro‐scale size dependence can be consistently eliminated by a simple constitutive‐like assumption. Accordingly, slight and selective redefinitions in the input arguments of micro‐scale material laws are proposed, leading to a constitutive formulation that allows the combination of micro‐scale variables with different orders of expansion. Just at this specific (constitutive) level, a reduced‐order expansion is selectively adopted for the micro‐scale pore pressure field. Thus, the RVE notion is restored while still retaining the major effects of the "dynamical" component of the homogenized flux velocity. The proposed formulation is implemented within a finite element squared (FE2$$ {}^2 $$) environment. Some numerical experiments are presented showing the viability of the methodology, including comparisons against analytical, mono‐scale and DNS solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The argument for this article rests on exploring the significance of emotions and emotion-related forms of journalism that have historically been dismissed as improper reporting and flawed journalism. So far the emerging research on emotionality in the media, marking the so-called "affective turn" in communications, has mostly analysed emotional media performance in relation to its influences on the public. This article complements the existing research by exploring journalists' own views and narrations on emotions with the aim of unravelling emotionality as a vital emerging journalistic practice in a hybrid media environment. Results of semi-structured interviews with journalists in Slovenia, where the media developed at the cross-roads of fierce commercialization and political instrumentalization, show how they craft emotionality as professional journalistic conduct, articulating emotions as "special effects" with potential for motivation and engagement, but also revealing criticism in using emotions when their only purpose is to boost a commercial interest, thus feeding the attention economy model of media development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In "Toward an Ethic of Discussion," Jacques Derrida returns to the controversy with Jonathan Searle to clarify his position but above all because he "would have wished to make legible the (philosophical, ethical, political) axiomatics hidden beneath the code of academic discussion." I intend, in turn, to return to this text in order to find in it not only the conditions of an ethics of academic discussion but also of interpretation in a deconstructive perspective. In "Toward an Ethic of Discussion," in fact, it is possible to point out the necessity of a certain ethical treatment of the texts. In particular, how can we determine the conditions of an ethical use of quotation against the always possible manipulation of the text that quotation makes possible? I attempt to answer this question claiming that the reading protocol of deconstruction meets these conditions showing us at the same time the ethical conditions of scientific discourse in general, beyond any scientific claim of objectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following essay explores Schelling's critique of what he refers to in Clara as modern philosophy's "impulse toward spiritualization", as represented by the character of the clergyman. Schelling's metaphysics embraces an organicism in which nature is the ground for the revelation of spirit, an organicism which implies that spirit becomes real as truth only insofar as it explains nature while testifying to the divine freedom from which all existence emerges. The following essay shows how Schelling himself understands the uniqueness of his metaphysics vis à vis his criticism of modern philosophy and its impulse to regard spirit as self-grounding. This essay proves that Schelling's organicism underscores the fact that spirit, without nature as its ground, lacks objectivity, and therefore, is reduced to the mere feelings of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living environment of today is the outcome of the relationships between the people who have lived in it and nature, from the time of the emergence of the human species on Earth to the present day. Human activities and the changes resulting from them in the context of place have taken place under the influence of beliefs, needs, and natural restraining and reinforcing factors, and with the change of generations and climate change have taken on various forms, the remnants of which we are witnessing today. The current landscape, which bears the marks of the past, is called the archaeological landscape, which is the result of the combination of objective and subjective elements. The objective part is the archaeological remains, but the subjective part includes the relationships between societies, culture, and its changes, which are often overlooked; however, this often-overlooked part has been very dynamic and has played a significant role in shaping the existing objectivity. This paper attempts to present a method for reading the archaeological landscape in the perception of the contemporary human being through the archaeological landscape phenomenology. The phenomenology of the landscape requires a comprehensive approach in which we pay close attention to "nature" and "culture”, to places with and without evidence of change or human activity. By considering the hierarchy of historical-cultural events and the objectivity that remains from them, as well as the connection of the people who lived there with the surrounding natural environment, this method provides a reading that, in addition to emphasizing the protection of ancient objective structures, preserves the continuity of these landscapes with their context and transforms the archaeological landscape from mere protection to a dynamic and interactive landscape with contemporary humans. Therefore, understanding the evolution of archaeological landscapes and their values is of fundamental importance for conservation and planning strategies. These landscapes possess inherent natural and cultural values, which necessitate the integration of objective and subjective aspects into methods for their conservation and presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the nature of trust in science. Understanding what appropriate trust in science is and why it can reasonably break down is important for improving scientists’ trustworthiness. There are two different ways in which philosophers of science think about trust in science: as based on objectivity or as based on shared values. Some authors argue that objectivity actually grounds mere reliance, not genuine trust. They draw on a distinction that philosophers of trust following Annette Baier have made with respect to interpersonal trust, where genuine trust has some normative element to it that is missing in cases of mere reliance. However, I will show that there are plural forms of trust in science: Both objectivity and shared values ground trust in science in a normative sense. I will link the trust in science debate to the literature on interpersonal trust. This is significant in that, beyond references to Baier, there is little connection between both areas of philosophy. In a pluralist reading, different trust accounts help to identify the normative elements involved in different kinds of trust in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scientific research usually emphasizes objectivity unaffected by any form of subjectivity, semiotic inquiries have to consider the role of subjectivity. In fact, social development, art, and literature always follow certain rules of objectivity, but these rules seem to be inescapably linked to the subjectivity of human beings. How can we avoid the subjectivity of research, or research biases caused by subjectivity, to ensure the objectivity of scientific research to the greatest possible extent? This paper answers the question through the cultural semiotics of jingshen, which is grounded in Chinese cultural traditions, especially the philosophies of Lao Tseu and Chuang Tzu. This line of inquiry seeks to identify objectivity in the constant transformation between the subject's states of self and selflessness, while striving to avoid inductive and deductive biases caused by the "conceit" of rationality and to eliminate the constraints of specific concepts and images formed by existing knowledge as well as possible consequential "Verborgenheit." The purpose is to achieve a state of "rational intuition," returning to the natural mode of human existence and forging for semiotics a rationality-based path to the intuitive understanding of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to address Jean-Luc Marion’s interpretation of the pragmatic tradition, in order to demonstrate the practical dimension of French eventual phenomenology. First, we will explore the passages where Marion develops this critical appropriation of pragmatism. We will show, on the one hand, that this reception is inseparable from his reading of the thought of Dionysius the Areopagite, as can be seen in L’Idole et la distance (1977) and De surcroît (2001). On the other hand, we will investigate his reading of pragmatism and the Speech Act theory in Le visible et le révélé (2005). In order to clarify the singularity of this reception practiced by Marion, we will simultaneously provide an analysis of analytical pragmatism, particularly considering Richard Rorty’s proposal. Finally, we will expand the language pragmatics of saturation in Marion to various common issues in Jean-Louis Chrétien’s phenomenology of the voice, as both proposals express a performative and non-predicative language that emphasizes the excess of meaning outside the paradigm of objectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some scientific models and some claims about model–target relations are fruitfully diagnosed as dogwhistles. Dogwhistles , broadly speaking, are speech acts that send different, conflicting, and often differentially inflammatory messages to listeners. I distinguish two ways in which scientific models can be dogwhistles: representational dogwhistling and fit-for-purpose dogwhistling. I illustrate both kinds of dogwhistling using an example from computational social science, the diversity trumps ability theorem. I argue that dogwhistling threatens the objectivity of science, and I propose some ameliorative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impartiality has been a core principle of public service broadcasting (PSB) in the UK for 100 years. However, it is under growing pressure as audiences increasingly rely on more opinion led content on television and especially online. The hostility towards PSB has been fuelled by politicians and commercial media undermining the value of regulation in the twenty‐first century. The UK regulator, Ofcom, has offered a flexible approach to oversight which the authors argue may have contributed to further confusion over what impartiality is, and its value in a competitive media environment. Greater independence, accountability and transparency—for both broadcasters and regulator—are suggested to be vital to maintaining the value of impartiality in PSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I show that Wittgenstein's critique of G.H. Hardy's mathematical realism naturally extends to Paul Benacerraf's influential paper, 'Mathematical Truth'. Wittgenstein accuses Hardy of hastily analogizing mathematical and empirical propositions, thus leading to a picture of mathematical reality that is somehow akin to empirical reality despite the many puzzles this creates. Since Benacerraf relies on that very same analogy to raise problems about mathematical 'truth' and the alleged 'reality' to which it corresponds, his major argument falls prey to the same critique. The problematic pictures of mathematical reality suggested by Hardy and Benacerraf can be avoided, according to Wittgenstein, by disrupting the analogy that gives rise to them. I show why Tarskian updates to our conception of 'truth' discussed by Benacerraf do not answer Wittgenstein's concerns. That is, because they merely presuppose what Wittgenstein puts into question, namely, the essential uniformity of 'truth' and 'proposition' in ordinary discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]