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Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Civilization Studies / İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi (IMAD) is the property of Islam Medeniyeti Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article revisits the Mediterranean port city of Smyrna (today's Izmir) in 1919 as it stood on the cusp of monumental change. Édmond-Édouard Boissonnas's photographs and Édouard Chapuisat's accompanying textual frames in the album Smyrne capture the city just as the Greek army landed there to begin their occupation of Asia Minor in a doomed bid to defeat the Ottoman Turks and create a new Byzantine empire. The article argues for the propagandist, transnationalistic aim of Smyrne in support of the Greek state's irredentist agenda based on what Astrid Erll identifies as the 'isomorphy between territory, social formation, mentalities and memories'. 'Civilised' Greeks are pitted against 'backward' Turks, and those who do not fit the narrative at all – Jews and Armenians – are excluded. The article concludes by reflecting on the afterlife of the album on a Greek heritage website which now offers the potential for reconciliatory nostalgia for both Greeks and Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I present the exploitation of birds at the Ottoman Period (16th–17th century) rural site of Visegrád-Alsóvár located in North Hungary. Four poultry species and the jackdaw were identified from the 213 avian remains that formed 7.3% of the total bone assemblage. The species composition of the bird bone assemblage suggested that fowling was not practiced at the site, but various domestic birds were exploited for their meat, eggs, and perhaps other secondary products, such as feathers and dung. The representation of bones from poultry even exceeded that of the pig well reflecting the importance of avian meat and egg in addition to the preference for mutton in the diet of the Muslim population that inhabited the area of the Lower Castle after 1544, when Visegrád fell to the advancing Ottoman Turkish army. Sexing and ageing of several avian remains were possible owing to the presence of the medullary bone tissue in certain remains and the good preservation of tarsometatarsi from the domestic chicken. The latter also allowed biometrical analysis targeting the size of chicken raised at Visegrád-Alsóvár and its comparison with coeval and recent chickens. The presence of a medium and large size type suggested the advanced nature of bird breeding in addition to the variety of poultry at this site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Algerian Historical Journal is the property of Algerian Historical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Historical Journal is the property of Algerian Historical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erdem is the property of Ataturk Kultur Merkezi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie was definitively dissolved in 1945 due to its complicity in war crimes. Previously, during the era of the Austro- Hungarian Empire, opposition parties, despite differing political views, sought the dissolution of the Transylvanian gendarmerie, viewing it as a symbol of Habsburg oppression since 1849. Following the end of the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-1849, many revolutionaries fled to Turkish territories, where they were under the protection of the sultan. During this time, the young ethnographer Balázs Orbán also arrived in the Ottoman Empire to resolve matters related to family inheritance. The young Transylvanian baron's relationship with the revolutionaries significantly influenced his political conduct and career. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of the aversion toward the gendarmerie in Balázs Orbán’s political conduct, as well as to explore any possible changes over time, considering the various reforms of the gendarmerie. A statement from local press may also be included in the examination of Balázs Orbán’s opposition to the gendarmerie, and more broadly, the current state of public safety. The author argues that one should not reject the gendarmerie solely because it was initiated by the government; instead, it is essential to consider the changes the gendarmerie brought to the region’s public safety. The conclusion of the study suggests that separating Balázs Orbán’s different roles – as the ethnographer who left behind significant academic work on Szeklerland and as the parliamentarian demonstrating specific political behavior – may prove beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the construction of the Syrian Protestant College from its foundation in 1863 to the beginning of the twentieth century and resituates American missionaries as covert imperial actors in nineteenth-century Beirut. It examines the close relationship between the missionaries' increasingly imperial ambitions and their architectural establishment in the city, as evidenced by the private correspondence of the college's founders. Here, architecture was neither a simple projection of "American" or evangelical culture nor a materialization of direct colonial control. Rather, architecture was tasked with multiple evolving roles as the missionary project grew more secure. This article traces the development of the college and its campus through three phases to illustrate how architecture and the missionaries' imperial ambitions became mutually constitutive over time. In elucidating the nineteenth-century imperial foundations of the Syrian Protestant College it reconsiders both the nature of American imperialism in the Middle East and the central role of architecture in its construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few observations on the battle of Rovine (1395). The battle of Rovine between Mircea the Elde (the hospodar of Wallachia) and Bayezid I (the sultan of the Ottoman Empire) is a conventional term created by historians. In reality, it probably took place near the Wallachian capital of Argeş and on the river of the same name ("na rowinach" or "in the ramparts"). The commonly accepted date, May 17, 1395, should be also treated conventionally. This is the date of the death of Constantine Dejanović Dragaš, who was killed at the time, but it is not known whether he died exactly on the day of the battle or later. In addition, it is likely that the battle did not last one day – one Ottoman source even speaks of a week. The news about the outcome of the battle is also contradictory. It was not resolved, both armies suffered very heavy losses, but they separated and retained their fighting ability. Bayezid I had enough forces to attack Nikopol and finally liquidate the Tsar of Bulgaria. Mircea retreated to Transylvania and joined his forces with Sigismund of Luxembourg's troops, with whom he recaptured Little Nikopol, or Turnu. The political situation of Wallachia after the battle of Rovine is unclear – almost all sources speak of the conclusion of peace and the payment of tribute by the hospodar. In reality, however, Mircea lost power in his capital to Vlad the Usurper. It is unclear whether Vlad was put on the throne by Bayezid I, or whether he took advantage of Mircea's difficulties and made some deals with the sultan. There is also no source basis for the claim that he was put on the throne by the Poles. The Polish royal couple, other than accepting the tribute document, did absolutely nothing about it. Streszczenie. Bitwa pod Rovinami między hospodarem wołoskim Mirczą Starym a sułtanem Bayezidem I to termin umowny skonstruowany przez historyków. W rzeczywistości bitwa miała miejsce „na rowinach" czyli „w szańcach" prawdopodobnie niedaleko stolicy Wołoszczyzny Argeş i nad rzeką tejże nazwy. Powszechnie obecnie przyjętą datację 17 maja 1395 roku też należy traktować umownie. Jest to data śmierci Konstantyna Dejanowicia Dragasza, który poniósł śmierć w bitwie, nie wiadomo jednak czy zmarł dokładnie w dniu bitwy, czy jakiś czas później. Ponadto najprawdopodobniej bitwa nie trwała jeden dzień, jedno z osmańskich źródeł mówi nawet o tygodniu. Wiadomości na temat rezultatu bitwy też są sprzeczne, bitwa nie została do końca rozstrzygnięta, obydwie armie poniosły bardzo duże straty, ale rozeszły się i zachowały zdolność bojową. Bayezid miał dostatecznie dużo sił, by zaatakować Nikopol i dokonać ostatecznej likwidacji tyrnowskiego carstwa bułgarskiego. Mircza wycofał się do Siedmiogrodu i połączył swe siły z siłami Zygmunta Luksemburczyka, z którymi odbił krótko potem Mały Nikopol czyli Turnu. Niejasna jest sytuacja polityczna Wołoszczyzny po bitwie pod Rovinami, niemal wszystkie źródła mówią o zawarciu przez hospodara pokoju i opłacie trybutu. W rzeczywistości jednak Mircza stracił władzę w swej stolicy na rzecz Vlada Uzurpatora. Nie jest jednak jasne czy Vlad został osadzony na tronie przez Bajezida I, czy wykorzystał trudności Mirczy i czy zawierał z sułtanem jakieś układy. Nie ma też żadnych podstaw źródłowych do twierdzenia, że został wprowadzony na tron przez Polaków. Polska para królewska, poza przyjęciem dokumentu hołdowniczego nie uczyniła zupełnie nic w jego sprawie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present the process of creating the so-called neo-Ottoman memory politics under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which has remained in power since 2002. In the first two decades of the 21st century, Turkey underwent a thorough transformation, including the replacement of elites, the undermining of the ideological foundations of the Kemalist republic, as well as the redefinition of Turkish nationalism and state identity. The key element of these changes was the ongoing rehabilitation of the Ottoman Empire – relegated by the republic to the position of episode in the history of the Turks. As a result of the creation of the so-called "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" in the 1980s, as well as the development of social nostalgia for the former empire in the following decade, the new politics of memory, meeting this nostalgia, achieved spectacular success. However, it was conducted in a top-down manner, with great care taken to ensure that the content appearing in the public sphere was consistent with the intentions of the new power elite. This new memory, however, did not remove the republican heritage – its absorption became a key factor in strengthening the legitimacy of "New Turkey" – a monumental project of political and identity transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Young Intellectuals / Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Young Intellectuals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to their own originality in historiography, Muslims inherited the accumulation of ancient civilizational basins such as Hijaz, Bilad al-Sham, Egypt, Maghreb, Andalusia, Iraq, Iran, Sindh and Mawara' al-Nahr. They created a wide variety of genres by making it more systematic and methodological. The Muslim historiography of the 7th-10th centuries, which harmoniously combines authenticity and heritage, was in contact with the Balkans indirectly through the Byzantine Empire during this period. However, its main impact and contribution to the basin was in the 11th-18th centuries, when it continued its development in historiography. During this period, Muslims, especially the Ottomans, who established political dominance in the region modeled the historiography, which had completed its development and developed a methodology, in the basin and brought an era to the activities of the basin in the field of historiography. The historiography, which was based on the narration of either the history of empires or the history of emperors in the form of special histories, has changed and developed with the methodology and model developed by Muslims. İn this regard, they created a great linguistic richness in the basin with Ottoman Turkish, provided diversity through the four main genres of siyar and maghazi, general, special, city and regional histories, and established a close relationship between administrations and historians. As a result, the Balkans have made great progress with the strong contribution and influence of Muslims in historiography. This study deals with the process of historiography in the Balkans in a comprehensive manner. These issues are discussed through more than four hundred historiographers and historical sources, mostly based on historiographical studies available in Turkish and taking into account the activities of the Ottoman Empire, a dynasty of six centuries. The main significance of this study is that it takes the step of presenting the strong contribution and influence of Muslims in historiography in the Balkans, which developed especially until the 19th century, in a holistic manner. The aim of this study is to increase the interest in Balkans studies, which is constantly developing in our country, and to attempt to unearth the huge heritage in the field of historiography.

The goal: The aim of the work is to draw attention to the cartographic material of Ottoman origin as a very exhaustive historical source for the study of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Approach/methodology/design: In the course of the research, an insight was made into the historiographical production so far in order to determine to what extent cartographic material of Ottoman origin was recognized as a historical source. A comparative analysis of the content offered by the found map from 1853 compared to earlier Ottoman maps showing the territory of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina and its surroundings was performed. The paper presents the basic characteristics and content of the mentioned map and tried to figure out the reasons and context of its creation. The results: In principle, the found cartographic material provides prerequisites for a more detailed approach to the study of the general history of Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the mentioned sources. The map analyzed here provides new data on the administrative arrangement of the Bosnian eyalet in the middle of the 19th century, the borders of the mentioned area, the location of deposits of mineral resources, and the like. Restrictions: Since only one map from the entire corpus of maps of Ottoman origin found so far, on which the territory of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented, was analyzed, the final results of the research will be presented only after processing the entire corpus. Practical application: The practical application of this research is reflected in the fact that the new data offered by the map will be able to be incorporated into the scientific material not only of specialized literature but also of school textbooks. In addition, information on potential deposits of various ores can represent a guideline in the specified branch of industry. Originality/value: The presentation of cartographic material of Ottoman origin of this area is a novelty because the content of the mentioned maps as well as the notes it offers are written in Arabic script in the Ottoman Turkish language, which makes it a complex material for research. With this work, he provides the scientific, professional and general public with some of the useful material contained in the maps.

In this posthumously published essay, Traian Stoiano­vich traces reasons for the crisis of modernity in the Balkans, from the Late Antiquity to the modern era. Stoianovich approaches the subject from the perspectives of both a micro historian and a transnational and global historian, always in dialogue with other disciplines. He looks at how the development of premodern Bal­kan nations and their medieval states was impacted by imperial conquests (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman). He points out at both ruptures and continuities while analysing Balkan societies during the Ottoman era. The question of socioeconomic backwardness is given due consideration. Contrary to popular perceptions, the ideas of Enlightenment reached the Balkans and had an impact on the region, which tried to copy outside models. Following the Protestant Reformation and especially the French Revolution, two models of modernity emerged in Europe: Europe I of liber­ties (privileges) and Europe II of liberty. Stoianovich argues that among Orthodox Christians in the Balkans advocates of moderni­ty tended to favour Europe II.

On the following pages the goal is to present activities and duties of Hungarian border officials in the context of border society, and to describe the role of Serbian despot Vuk Grgurević as ban of Jajce, which he performed near the end of his life. If our assumptions in correct, it is possible to prolong period of his service also to the years after 1481, as is it had been considered until now in historical literature. This conclusion is supported by the fact that he acted as a mediator in diplomatic negotiations. In addition, it is not unfounded to assume that the famous warrior stayed in this position until his death in 1485, as evidenced by the fact that next ban of Jajce is not mentioned in known sources until 1486, and also folk tradition remembers the despot Vuk as Jajčanin (i.e. a man from Jajce).

While reading Idrīs Bidlīsī’s chronicle, we find records of spies’ activities in many places, either through direct references or indirect ones, as an element of the war strategy of the Ottoman state. This article uses philological methods to investigate the records of the intelligence activity of the Ottoman state in the imperial expansion, which we find in the dynastic chronicle of Idrīs Bidlīsī, as well as those in the reports of Bidlīsī as a participant in the east of the Empire during the conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavids. The dynastic chronicle dates to the first decade of the 1500s, and although with meager data, is a valuable historical source that gives a view of the work and contribution of spy networks in the military-political strategy of the Ottoman imperial policy. Bidlīsī’s letters as reports are complementary sources to Bidlīsī’s chronicle.

Bu çalışma, literatürde “Lâle Devri” olarak geçen dönemin büyük ölçüde Batılılaşma/gelişme, sefahat ve yozlaşma ekseninde ele alındığını tespit etmekte; bu tek boyutlu yaklaşımların sınırlarını tartışarak, dönemin çok boyutlu ve bütüncül bir perspektiften nasıl değerlendirilebileceğine dair bir analiz sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Dönemin öne çıkan birincil kaynakları olan Nedim’in Divânı, Vehbi’nin Surnâmesi, Lady Mary Montagu'nun Türkiye Mektupları, Fındıklılı Süleyman Efendi’nin Mür'i't-tevârih'i, Çelebizâde İsmail Âsım Efendi'nin Tarihi ve Abdi’nin Tarihi, dönemin sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi konjonktürüne ilişkin zengin bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca Selim Karahasanoğlu’nun Osmanlı elitlerinin tüketim alışkanlıkları üzerine yaptığı arşiv çalışmaları, döneme dair yeni bakış açıları kazandırmaktadır. Çalışmada, dönemin çok yönlü ve karmaşık yapısı analiz edilerek kaynakların tarihi değerine dikkat çekilecektir. Bu kapsamda, tarih yazımının ve kaynakların teyit yanlılığına karşı dikkatli bir analiz süzgecinden geçirilmesi gerektiği ileri sürülmektedir. Aynı zamanda, bu çalışma, Lâle Devri’ni araştırmak isteyen yeni araştırmacılara dönemin öne çıkan birincil kaynaklarını tanıtarak ve bunların nasıl incelenmesi gerektiğine dair yöntem önerileri sunarak bir kılavuz niteliğinde olmayı da amaçlamaktadır.

This paper provides a social and geographic account of al-Lajjun (Jenin Sub-district), a prominent Palestinian village during the British Mandate period (1918–1948). It portrays a countryside in renewal, encapsulated in the story of Umm al-Fahm’s expansion and Lajjun’s resettlement. In contrast to existing scholarship, the present work contextualizes the site within the wider diachronic, longue durée, history of the region, and the synchronous, shifting pattern of settlements in Marj ibn ‘Amir (Jezreel Valley), Bilad al-Ruha (Ramot Menashe), and Wadi ‘Ara (Nahal ‘Iron). It focuses on the development of the physical outlines of the (re)new(ed) village, with the development of three “Lajjuns” reflecting its founders’ Hebronite/Khalīlī patterns of settlement. Furthermore, it explores Lajjun’s diversified economy and its metamorphosis from a derelict hamlet into a hub of utilities and transportation infrastructure of regional importance under the British Mandate of Palestine (1920–1948).

Abstract: The Workshop for Armenian/Turkish Scholarship (WATS) convened its first meeting at the University of Chicago in March 2000. Since then, the historical literature on not only the Armenian Genocide, but also Ottoman Armenians more generally, has grown ever more sophisticated. This essay takes stock of the growing visibility of Armenians in Ottoman historiography over the last two decades, and other developments. In particular, it asks why historical scholarship on Armenians has yet to have a transformative effect on the frameworks used to study the Ottoman Empire's history? The essay first identifies a series of obstacles that have prevented Armenian and Ottoman studies scholarship from developing a shared set of questions. It then offers suggestions for more carefully addressing the underlying problematics of empire that can bridge this divide without inadvertently reproducing national or regional paradigms that have long left an imprint on Ottoman historiography.

This article studies contrasting notions of historiography in Zaynab Fawwāz and Qadriyya Kāmil's biographical dictionaries. It begins by offering an overview on these authors' vitas and delves into the historiographical practices that concerned Ottoman intellectuals in the late nineteenth century. It analyses Fawwāz's dictionary, al-Durr al-manthūr fī ṭabaqāt rabbāt al-khudūr (1894), which reveals a feminist understanding of Islam as situated within an Arab and pan-Ottoman environment as well as the large arch of Abrahamic monotheism. By highlighting specific figures over others, Fawwāz produces a historical narrative that transcends religious and sectarian divides. The article then introduces Kāmil's Shahīrāt al-nisāʾ fī l-ʿālam al-islāmī (1924) which depicts a conceptually narrower Islam, shaped by the geo-political circumstances of the early twentieth century. The biographies of the Muslim foremothers Kāmil presents offer normative templates of female piety but are not completely subsumed by the category of gender either. Throughout, the article points to how both authors engage the rules of the biographical genre, arguing that the ways they adhere to or break with its tradition indicate a desire to create new forms of moral and communal belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the extent to which religious festivals played a formative role in shaping dynamic relations between Greek Orthodox Ottomans and the Ottoman and Greek states in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A considerable number of festivals held on recurring cycles in the Ottoman Empire served as a unifying force by bringing together Greek Orthodox groups hailing from disparate geographical locations in the Ottoman Empire, Greece, and elsewhere. Although they were primarily religious occasions, these festivals, especially Easter, carried substantial cultural and social importance since they served as a crucial catalyst in the emergence and articulation of nationalist ideals among Ottoman Greeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the short life of the Safavid Shehzade Alkas Mirza (1516–1550), the second son of Shah Ismail. In the early adult years, he served as the governor (beylerbey) of Shirvan, where he ruled under the authority of his elder brother Tahmasp, who would later become a shah of Iran. Alkas Mirza sought independence for his province. These ambitions brought him into conflict with Shah Tahmasp and ended in defeat. In search of support, he fled to the Ottoman Empire and was received there as a legitimate ruler of an independent state rather than a shehzade in exile. After several meetings with Sultan Suleiman, he persuaded him to march against Shah Tahmasp. In the 1548–1549 campaign, Alkas Mirza not only participated but played an active role in the Ottoman military operations against the Safavid forces. However, the campaign ultimately failed due to the clever military strategy devised by Shah Tahmasp to counteract the enemy, thus leading to Alkas Mirza’s loss of favor and diminishing influence at the Ottoman court. Forced to leave the country, he soon fell into his brother’s hands and died under mysterious circumstances. During the research at the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul, new diplomatic documents, which shed light on the described events marking a significant milestone in the history of the Ottoman–Iranian relations over the mid-16th century, were discovered.

Büyükelçilik diplomatlık mesleğinin en üst basamağını ifade eder. Bununla birlikte geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de büyükelçiler sadece diplomatlardan seçilmezler. Diplomatlık mesleği dışından gelenler için kariyer dışı büyükelçi nitelemesi kullanılır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde bu nitelendirme kapsamına giren elçi sayısı hayli fazladır. Mehmed Arif Efendi 1850-1855 yılları arasında Viyana’da büyükelçi olarak görev yaptı. Daha önce herhangi bir diplomatik tecrübesi olmamasına ve dönemin diplomasi dili Fransızcayı bilmemesine rağmen bu göreve tayin edilmişti. Yani kariyer dışı bir elçiydi. Onun görev yaptığı dönem Avrupa diplomasisinin hareketli olduğu yıllardı. Önce Macar Mültecileri meselesi nedeniyle Osmanlı Devleti ile Avusturya arasındaki diplomatik krizle uğraşmak zorunda kaldı. Kırım Savaşı döneminde görevine devam ediyordu. Viyana, barış için diplomatik müzakerelerin yürütüldüğü merkez olduğu için Mehmed Arif Efendi’nin büyükelçilik misyonu daha önemli hale geldi. Kimi zaman kariyer dışı bir elçi olmanın zorluklarını yaşadı. Bu çalışmanın amacı Mehmed Arif Efendi’nin Viyana Sefaretindeki misyonunu, kariyer dışılığı üzerinden ele almaktır. Onun Avusturya-Osmanlı Devleti arasındaki diplomatik ilişkilerdeki rolü ve bu rolde kariyer dışı bir diplomat olmasının etkileri irdelenecektir.

Sınırlar, tarihsel-toplumsal bir inşa sürecinin ürünüdür. Bu çalışma, sınırlara tarihsel bir perspektiften odaklanarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluş döneminde sınırları anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu dönemde sınırların hangi kavramlarla ifade edildiği, Osmanlı uç toplumunun oluşumunda sınırların nasıl bir rol ve işleve sahip olduğu, Osmanlı sınırlarında toplumsal yapı ve örgütlenmenin ne şekilde gerçekleştiği, Osmanlı sınır kültürünün nasıl üretildiği ve Osmanlı’nın sınırları üzerinde güç ilişkilerinin nasıl şekillendiği, bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Osmanlı’nın geleneksel sınır anlayışının uç, serhat ve hudut gibi kavramlarla belirli bir coğrafi bölgeyi ifade ettiği görülmüştür. Osmanlı’nın Selçuklu-Bizans uç bölgesinde ortaya çıkması, uçlarda kendi toplumsal yapı ve örgütlenmesini oluşturması ve uçlara özgü değerler sistemlerini üretmesi, Osmanlı uç toplumunu oluşturan dinamikler olmuştur. Merkezdekilerden farklı ama uçtakilerle benzer olma hali, Osmanlı sınır kültürünün temelini oluşturmuştur. Merkezi iktidar karşısında uç beyliği, uçları hem düşmana karşı korumak hem de düşmana karşı akınlar düzenlemek maksadıyla uçlarda dini-toplumsal gruplar üzerinden teşkilatlanarak Osmanlı sınırlarında bir güce dönüşmüştür.

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlaması ile birlikte Osmanlı Devleti silahlı seferberlik ilan etmiş, savaşan tarafları göz önünde tutarak topraklarını savunmaya yönelik çalışmalar yapmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde 1914’ün Ağustos ayında başlayan silahlı seferberlik süreci çeşitli kaynaklarda ele alınmış, yapılan çalışmaların yetersizliği tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışmalar bir tarafa bırakılırsa Osmanlı Devleti’nin sınırlarını ve kıyılarını korumaya yönelik tedbirler aldığı görülür. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin silahlı seferberlik süreci boyunca ve savaşa girmesinin ardından İzmir Körfezi’ni savunmaya yönelik çalışmaları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çanakkale Deniz Harekâtı ile eşzamanlı olduğu görülen İzmir Körfez Müdafaasının tüm aşamaları arşiv belgeleri başta olmak üzere konuya ilişkin kaynaklara dayanılarak ele alınmıştır. Literatürde yer almayan ayrıntılar arşiv belgelerinden alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kasım 1914’te İzmir’e yapılan karşı hamle gibi Çanakkale’nin Seddülbahir bölgesine yapılan bombardımandan itibaren İzmir ile Çanakkale’nin kaderi birlikte yazılmıştır. 18 Mart 1915 Deniz Zaferi’nin Türkler tarafından kazanılması sürecinde İzmir’de yaşanan olaylar bağlamında İzmir’in önemli bir konumda bulunduğu bilgi ve belgelerle ortaya konulmuştur.

Although the 16th century is known as the glorious era of the Ottomans, it does not necessarily imply that peace and tranquility prevailed throughout all Ottoman territories. Indeed, especially in the second half of this century, significant conflicts and wars occurred, particularly along the eastern borders. Due to various reasons, the Sultan of the period, Murad III (reigned 1574-1595), issued a campaign order in 1578, and consequently, military units from various parts of the state were dispatched to the eastern borders to participate in the Eastern Campaign. Among the Ottoman military units, there were also individuals interested in poetry and literature. The poet known by the pen name Sîrî, who is the focus of this study, was one of the names who participated in this campaign and was essentially a cavalryman. Sîrî, whose real name is Ali, according to his own statement, is originally from Silistra. Sîrî, who participated in the Eastern Campaign of the Ottomans, tragically lost all four of his children during the campaign. Understanding the temporariness of the world upon these losses, the poet hoped to be remembered favorably by composing a work called “Hilyetü’l-Islam.” One of the reasons for writing Hilyetü’l-Islam was also to respond to the increasing Shiite propaganda. While the sections of faith, Islam, and beneficence, which form the first parts of the mesnevi, essentially deal with the basic concepts of Islamic belief and worship, these parts serve as a response to the Alevi propaganda perceived by the poet as Rafidi. In these sections, Sîrî frequently criticizes the Rafidi Kızılbash by addressing them directly. The aforementioned Hilyetü’l-Islam, whose only copy discovered so far is in mesnevi verse form, was completed in 1580. In this encyclopedic mesnevi, various topics are covered, ranging from religion to trade, from governance to military matters, from craftsmanship to marriage. The mesnevi, appearing as an incomplete copy, consists of approximately 4864 verses in its current form. In this study, the Hilyetü’l-Islam mesnevi, which has not been subject to a previous study, will be examined in terms of form and content, and an attempt will be made to present the life story of the poet, Silistreli Sîrî Ali.

Press play a crucial role in studying the process of creating the USA’s public perception of the State of Palestine of 1919. Newspapers and magazines enable a researcher to define the distinctive features of the ‘Other’ profile. The reconstructing and explaining of the Palestinian public image from the point of the traditional historical research methods prove insufficient. Being a peculiar phenomenon of American social, political, and cultural life, Palestine’s public conception requires an interdisciplinary examinational approach based on historical imagology. In 1919, there were three models of the State’s future under discussion in the US periodical literature. The first one considered it as two separate countries; the second one – as one Arabic-Jewish country; the third one – as the territory under control of the United Kingdom. Journalists raised questions regarding each of the models evolving representation of the political system in The Middle East: the prospects of the colonial institution; transferring from Colonialism to Postcolonialism; opportunities of applying the experience of Colonial Empires. Studying an informational discourse of the USA in 1919 will allow us to compile a comprehensive list of public images of the State of Palestine and the Middle East (from the territorial as well as political point of view); monitor their evolution, and discover its structural components.

Tarihin ilk dönemlerinde bulunmayan hudut ya da sınır kavramı toplu yaşama geçiş, koruma ve kontrol altına alma düşüncesinin gelişmesiyle birlikte ortaya çıkmıştır. Yerleşik düzene geçişle beraber özel mülkiyetin korunması ve kontrol altına alınması düşüncesinden hareketle başlangıç seviyesinde devletler kurulmuştur. Devletler koruyup kontrol altında tutacakları toprakları belirlemek düşüncesi ile sınırlar tasarlamış ve inşa etmişlerdir. İlk dönemlerde devletler için bu sınırlar girişi engelleyen fiziksel bariyerlerden ibaret kalsa da belirli bir geçiş aşamasından sonra modern ulus devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ve teknolojik alandaki gelişmelerle birlikte sınır algısı da değişmeye başlamıştır. Modern ulus devletler ve teknolojik alandaki gelişmelerle birlikte sınırlar, belirsiz ve esnek yapılar olmaktan çıkıp, belirgin bir şekilde devletleri birbirinden ayrıştıran, kısıtlayan, katı ve askeri bir görünüme geçiş yapmıştır. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm aynı şekilde Osmanlı Devleti’nde de yaşanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti klasik dönemden itibaren sınırlara önem verdiği gibi buraların korunması için çeşitli teşkilatlar meydana getirmiştir. Akıncı Ocağı, Serhad Kulu gibi teşkilatlar bu yapılanmanın en önemli unsurları olarak görev yapmışlardır. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında hudut komiserlikleri ortaya çıkmış, 1894 yılında bunlarla ilgili bir talimatname hazırlanmış ve 20. yüzyılın başında 1912 yılında bir nizamname düzenlenmiştir. 20. yüzyılın başında bir taraftan Osmanlı Devleti’nin sınırları daralıp diğer taraftan da ulus devlet formuna doğru bir değişim yaşanırken devlet sınırlarını korumak için yeni önlemler alma ihtiyacı duymuştur. Bu nedenle 1912 yılında hudut bölükleri ve müfrezelerinin görevlerinin kapsamını belirlemek için “Hudud Müfrezelerine Ait Talimat” başlıklı bir talimatname hazırlanmıştır. Hudut bölükleri ve müfrezeleri sınırlarda emniyet ve asayişi bu talimatnameye göre sağlamaya çalışmışlardır. Bu çalışmada 1912 yılında kabul edilen talimatname çerçevesinde hudut bölükleri ve müfrezelerinin görev ve vazifeleri ele alınmıştır.

Solak-zâde Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebi, 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihçilerindendir. Kendi adıyla anılan tarihiyle tanınır. Gençlik yılları saray ve çevresinde geçmiştir. Sultan IV. Murad’ın musahiplerinden olan Solak-zâde, Sultan İbrahim, Hatice Turhan Sultan ve IV. Mehmed tarafından da himaye edilmiştir. Çalışmamıza konu olan “Hemdemî’nin Nasihatnâmesi” isimli eser, Avusturya Milli Kütüphanesi, Türkçe Yazmaları kataloğunda (Cod.N.F.283) bulunmaktadır. Nüshanın dış kapağında “Hemdemî’nin Nasihatnâmesi” ifadesi mevcuttur. Eserin bir diğer nüshası ise McGill Üniversitesi, İslami Çalışmalar Kütüphanesindedir (C95-S684). Cod.N.F.283’ün fotokopisi olan bu nüshanın kapağında “Solak-zâde Mehmed Hemdemî, Nasihatnâme” ifadesi mevcuttur. Ancak eserin muhtevasında müellifin kimliği ile ilgili bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Solak-zâde, Osmanlı devlet sistemindeki kargaşanın sebeplerini ve düzenin yeniden tesisinin nasıl mümkün olduğuyla ilgili olarak Sultan IV. Mehmed’e tavsiyelerde bulunmak amacıyla Nasihatnâme’yi kaleme almıştır. Nasihatnâme, ihtivası bakımından 17. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun içerisinde bulunduğu durumu gözler önüne sermesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Eserde rüşvetin yaygınlaşması, liyakatin gözetilmemesi, adam kayırma, idarecilerin halk üzerindeki baskı ve zulümleri, şerʻi kanunlardan uzaklaşılması gibi sebeplerle devlet sisteminin bozulduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir. Müellif, bozulan düzenin yeniden tesisi için çözüm önerileri sunarken Kur’an-ı Kerim ayetlerine, hadis-i şerif rivayetlerine atıf yapmış; atasözleri, vecizeler ve hikâyelerden de yararlanmıştır.

Purpose of the study: to identify sources on everyday life during the Crimean Khanate. An attempt to reconstruct individual episodes of everyday life through the study and reference to materials of the epistolary genre. Research materials: The article analyzes and translates into Russian a letter from Suleiman Effendi to his wife, presumably written during the Polish-Turkish War (1632–1634). This letter was published in 1864 in the collection of V. Velyaminov-Zernov “Materials for the history of the Crimean Khanate”, but until today it remained completely unexplored. Results and scientific novelty: The topic of everyday life during the Crimean Khanate period remains unstudied and unconsidered. In view of this circumstance, the relevance of the problem raised in the study lies in identifying and considering sources containing descriptions of individual aspects of everyday life. The work examines a letter of a private nature, which reveals several aspects from the past: the private life and relationships of people in the family, the ethics of mental behavior in society, the tactics and techniques used by the warring parties during military campaigns, the names of historical figures, the language of that time. Based on the research and identification of sources of the epistolary genre, the author comes to the conclusion that today the letters of a private nature from the period of the Crimean Khanate are very rare. An analysis of the contents of the letter suggests that there was correspondence between Suleiman Effendi and his wife, and this letter is Suleiman Effendi’s response to a letter sent earlier by his wife. It also turns out that letter

The purpose of the study: Study the information of Seyyid Muhammad Riza about the Kazan Khanate. Research materials: “Seven planets in the news about the Tatar kings”, “Umdet alakhbar”, Russian chronicles, historical works, diplomatic documents, etc. Results and scientific novelty. In the essay “Seven Planets in the News of the Tatar Kings” by Seyyd Muhammad Riza, the history of the Crimean Khanate and CrimeanOttoman relations is presented in great detail. Against the background of the fact that the history of the Kazan Khanate is strongly intertwined with the history of the Crimean Khanate, the lapidary nature in the description of Crimean-Kazan relations and the history of the Kazan Khanate as a whole, looks very symptomatic. Based on a textual analysis of news about the Kazan Khanate and diplomatic documents, we came to conclusion that Seyyid Muhammad Riza deliberately “kept silent” about some important events in the history of the Crimean-Russian, Crimean-Kazan and Ottoman-Russian relations, so as not to raise “inconvenient” questions for Porta. It is important that the origins of this approach are found in the Ottoman policy itself at the end of the 15th and first half of the 16th centuries. The sultans did not show much interest in Kazan affairs and forwarded Аксанов А.В. «Не приносившая доход власть»: Сейид Мухаммад Риза… 23 all requests from Kazan citizens to Crimea. Obviously, the Ottomans’ policy of ignoring the “Kazan problem” was determined by their aspirations in the Central European Theater of military operations. In this vein, Sayyid Muhammad Riza's narrative appears to be an apologetics for Ottoman foreign policy.

In 1912, Ikaria, a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea, seceded from the Ottoman Empire in a short-lived Revolution, becoming the independent ‘Free State of Ikaria’ for nearly five months. Consequently, a culture of radicalism grew on the island, fuelled by emerging fascism in Greece and Europe, WWII, andthe Greek Civil War (1946–1949), where Ikaria was used as a prison for communist exiles. Ultimately, this radicalism transitioned into the diaspora, which had simultaneously been growing in Egypt, the United States, and from the 1910s, Australia, with South Australia being a significant place of settlement and community. This study examines the Ikarian diaspora in the context of the Ikarian Revolution (1912) and subsequent political radicalism. It explores their emigration, settlement, and community building practices in the United States, Egypt, and Australia, with South Australia taken as a case study due to its origins at the same time as the Revolution and growing left-wing activism on the island. It hopes to unravel and link the diaspora with the unique story and memory of the Revolution and its impacts on Ikarian culture and identity. Ultimately, it is argued that the revolutionary tendencies cultivated on Ikaria transferred into and persisted in the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExile stands as one of the most ancient punitive measures employed by human societies. Within the framework of creationist perspectives, the narrative of humanity’s inception unfolds significantly through the motif of exile. The narratives of the Jewish exile from Palestine and the migration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina exemplify the enduring historical relevance of human migration, underscoring its universal presence across diverse societies. Notably, Christianity places considerable emphasis on the expulsion of Adam from the celestial realm. Consequently, it can be posited that humans are, in essence, residing in a state of exile on Earth. The primary objective of this study is not to undertake a comprehensive analysis of exile on a broad scale but, rather, to trace the nexus between women engaged in prostitution and exile in the late Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, it aims to scrutinize a noteworthy case that deviates from conventional practices within this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]