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151. Genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS): A genotyping tool that predicts 4CMenB strain coverage worldwide

Author

Muzzi, Alessandro, primary, Brozzi, Alessandro, additional, Serino, Laura, additional, Bodini, Margherita, additional, Abad, Raquel, additional, Caugant, Dominique, additional, Comanducci, Maurizio, additional, Lemos, Ana Paula, additional, Gorla, Maria Cecilia, additional, Křížová, Pavla, additional, Mikula, Claudia, additional, Mulhall, Robert, additional, Nissen, Michael, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Simões, Maria João, additional, Skoczyńska, Anna, additional, Stefanelli, Paola, additional, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, additional, Toropainen, Maija, additional, Tzanakaki, Georgina, additional, Vadivelu-Pechai, Kumaran, additional, Watson, Philip, additional, Vazquez, Julio A., additional, Rajam, Gowrisankar, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, and Medini, Duccio, additional

Published
2019
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152. Pneumococcal vaccination in developing countries

Author

Levine, Orin S., O'Brien, Katherine L., Knoll, Maria, Adegbola, Richard A., Black, Steven, Cherian, Thomas, Dagan, Ron, Goldblatt, David, Grange, Adenike, Greenwood, Brian, Hennessy, Tom, Klugman, Keith P., Madhi, Shabir A., Mulholland, Kim, Nohynek, Hanna, Santosham, Mathuram, Saha, Samir K, Scott, J. Anthony, Sow, Samba, Whitney, Cynthia G., and Cutts, Felicity

Subjects
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal -- Prevention, Pneumococcal vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Pneumococcal vaccine -- Product development, Developing countries -- Health aspects
Published
2006

153. Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

Author

Ruutu Petri, Heiskanen-Kosma Tarja, Lupisan Socorro, Abucejo-Ladesma Erma, Quiambao Beatriz, Puumalainen Taneli, Lucero Marilla G, Nohynek Hanna, Simoes Eric AF, and Riley Ian

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The World Health Organization's (WHO) case definition for childhood pneumonia, composed of simple clinical signs of cough, difficult breathing and fast breathing, is widely used in resource poor settings to guide management of acute respiratory infections. The definition is also commonly used as an entry criteria or endpoint in different intervention and disease burden studies. Methods A group of paediatricians conducted a retrospective review of clinical and laboratory data including C-reactive protein concentration and chest radiograph findings among Filipino children hospitalised in the Bohol Regional Hospital who were enrolled in a pneumococcal vaccine efficacy study and had an episode of respiratory disease fulfilling the WHO case definition for clinical pneumonia. Our aim was to evaluate which disease entities the WHO definition actually captures and what is the probable aetiology of respiratory infections among these episodes diagnosed in this population. Results Among the 12,194 children enrolled to the vaccine study we recorded 1,195 disease episodes leading to hospitalisation which fulfilled the WHO criteria for pneumonia. In total, 34% of these episodes showed radiographic evidence of pneumonia and 11% were classified as definitive or probable bacterial pneumonia. Over 95% of episodes of WHO-defined severe pneumonia (with chest indrawing) had an acute lower respiratory infection as final diagnosis whereas 34% of those with non-severe clinical pneumonia had gastroenteritis or other non-respiratory infection as main cause of hospitalisation. Conclusion The WHO definition for severe pneumonia shows high specificity for acute lower respiratory infection and provides a tool to compare the total burden of lower respiratory infections in different settings. Trial registration ISRCTN62323832

Published
2008
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154. Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients – a prospective observational study.

Author

Auvinen, Raija, Nohynek, Hanna, Syrjänen, Ritva, Ollgren, Jukka, Kerttula, Tuija, Mäntylä, Jarkko, Ikonen, Niina, Loginov, Raisa, Haveri, Anu, Kurkela, Satu, and Skogberg, Kirsi

Subjects
*COVID-19, *RESPIRATORY infections, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *LUNG diseases, *LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

We compared the clinical characteristics, findings, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza to detect relevant differences. From December 2019 to April 2020, we recruited all eligible hospitalized adults with respiratory infection to a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Finland. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed by RT-PCR. Follow-up lasted for 3 months from admission. We included 61 patients, of whom 28 were COVID-19 and 33 influenza patients with median ages of 53 and 56 years. Majority of both COVID-19 and influenza patients were men (61% vs. 67%) and had at least one comorbidity (68% vs. 85%). Pulmonary diseases and current smoking were less common among COVID-19 than influenza patients (5 [18%] vs. 15 [45%], p=.03 and 1 [4%] vs. 10 [30%], p=.008). In chest X-ray at admission, ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidations were more frequent among COVID-19 than influenza patients (19 [68%] and 7 [21%], p<.001). Severe disease and intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurred more often among COVID-19 than influenza patients (26 [93%] vs. 19 [58%], p=.003 and 8 [29%] vs. 2 [6%], p=.034). COVID-19 patients were hospitalized longer than influenza patients (six days [IQR 4-21] vs. 3 [2–4], p<.001). Bilateral GGOs and consolidations in chest X-ray may help to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had more severe disease, required longer hospitalization and were admitted to ICU more often than influenza patients, which has important implications for public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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155. Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of an eleven-valent diphtheria toxoid and tetanus protein – conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in Filipino infants

Author

Käyhty Helena, Gepanayao Connie P, Puumalainen Taneli, Capeding Maria Z, Lucero Marilla G, and Nohynek Hanna

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background An 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could provide significantly larger reduction in pneumococcal disease burden than the currently available 7-valent vaccine formulation in many countries. Methods In total, 50 infants were enrolled to this open, uncontrolled study, which evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an aluminium adjuvanted 11-valent mixed-carrier diphtheria toxoid or tetanus protein-conjugated vaccine (11-PncTD) when administered in three doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age simultaneously with DTwP//PRP-T and OPV vaccines in Filipino infants. Results The rates of local reactions between the two injection sites, those associated with the 11-PncTD vaccine and those with the DTwP//PRP-T were almost of equal frequency for all three vaccine doses except for induration, which was significantly more common in the DTP//PRP-T injection site. Fever was present in 39%, 22% and 21% of infants following each of the three doses. Antibody responses were determined by an enzyme immunoassay method before the first vaccination and after the three doses. The vaccine elicited a significant anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody response against all serotypes included in the vaccine, except for type 14, for which the pre-vaccination geometric mean antibody concentration (GMC) was high (1.61 μg/ml). The GMCs one month after the vaccination series ranged from 1.1 micrograms/ml for type 6B to 23.4 μg/ml for type 4. Conclusion The 11-PncTD vaccine is safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic. The effectiveness of the non-adjuvanted formulation of the vaccine in preventing pneumonia is currently being evaluated in the Philippines.

Published
2003
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161. Zikavirus

Author

Huhtamo, Eili, Jääskeläinen, Anne J., Sane, Jussi, Nohynek, Hanna, Vapalahti, Olli, Medicum, Virologian osasto, Clinicum, Bakteriologian ja immunologian osasto, Olli Pekka Vapalahti / Vastuullinen tutkija, Eläinlääketieteellisten biotieteiden osasto, Eläinlääketieteellinen mikrobiologia ja epidemiologia, and Viral Zoonosis Research Unit

Subjects
+epidemiology, 3111 Biolääketieteet, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, Zika Virus Infection, +diagnosis, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, +complications, Zika Virus, +prevention & control, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract

English summary

Published
2016

166. Where are we in our understanding of the association between narcolepsy and one of the 2009 adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) vaccines?

Author

Johansen, Kari, Brasseur, Daniel, MacDonald, Noni, Nohynek, Hanna, Vandeputte, Julie, Wood, David, Neels, Pieter, Johansen, Kari, Brasseur, Daniel, MacDonald, Noni, Nohynek, Hanna, Vandeputte, Julie, Wood, David, and Neels, Pieter

Abstract

Evaluating new rare serious vaccine safety signals is difficult and complex work. To further assess the observed increase in narcolepsy cases seen in Europe with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine, the International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS) invited a wide range of experts to a one day meeting in Geneva in October 2015 to present data and to discuss the implications. The presentations covered the following topics: clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaigns; epidemiological studies conducted to assess the risk of narcolepsy, other neurological and immune-related diseases following 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine; potential biases influencing the different epidemiological study designs; potential genetic contribution to the development of narcolepsy; potential biological mechanisms for development of narcolepsy in this setting including the role of the virus itself, antigenic differences between the vaccines and differences in AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. The presentations were followed by fulsome roundtable discussions. Members from affected families also attended and made informal comments to round out the day's deliberations. This meeting emphasized the value added in bringing together in a neutral setting a wide range of experts and vaccine producers to discuss such a complex new serious adverse event following immunization., SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

168. Distance to health services modifies the effect of an 11-valent pneumococcal vaccine on pneumonia risk among children less than 2 years of age in Bohol, Philippines

Author

Root, Elisabeth Dowling, primary, Lucero, Marilla, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Stubbs, Rebecca, additional, Tallo, Veronica, additional, Lupisan, Socorro P., additional, Sanvictores, Diozele M., additional, Nillos, Leilani T., additional, and Simões, Eric A.F., additional

Published
2016
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171. Antibodies to influenza nucleoprotein cross-react with human hypocretin receptor 2

Author

Ahmed, Syed Sohail, primary, Volkmuth, Wayne, additional, Duca, José, additional, Corti, Lorenzo, additional, Pallaoro, Michele, additional, Pezzicoli, Alfredo, additional, Karle, Anette, additional, Rigat, Fabio, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Narasimhan, Vas, additional, Julkunen, Ilkka, additional, Vuorela, Arja, additional, Vaarala, Outi, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Pasini, Franco Laghi, additional, Montomoli, Emanuele, additional, Trombetta, Claudia, additional, Adams, Christopher M., additional, Rothbard, Jonathan, additional, and Steinman, Lawrence, additional

Published
2015
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174. Standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: updated recommendations from the World Health Organization Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group

Author

Satzke, Catherine, Turner, Paul, Virolainen-Julkunen, Anni, Adrian, Peter, Antonio, Martin, Hare, Kim M., Henao-Restrepo, Ana, Leach, Amanda J., Klugman, Keith, Porter, Barbara, Sa-Leao, Raquel, Scott, J., Nohynek, Hanna, O'Brien, Katherine, Satzke, Catherine, Turner, Paul, Virolainen-Julkunen, Anni, Adrian, Peter, Antonio, Martin, Hare, Kim M., Henao-Restrepo, Ana, Leach, Amanda J., Klugman, Keith, Porter, Barbara, Sa-Leao, Raquel, Scott, J., Nohynek, Hanna, and O'Brien, Katherine

Abstract

In 2003 the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a working group and published a set of standard methods for studies measuring nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). The working group recently reconvened under the auspices of the WHO and updated the consensus standard methods. These methods describe the collection, transport and storage of nasopharyngeal samples, as well as provide recommendations for the identification and serotyping of pneumococci using culture and non-culture based approaches. We outline the consensus position of the working group, the evidence supporting this position, areas worthy of future research, and the epidemiological role of carriage studies. Adherence to these methods will reduce variability in the conduct of pneumococcal carriage studies undertaken in the context of pneumococcal vaccine trials, implementation studies, and epidemiology studies more generally so variability in methodology does not confound the interpretation of study findings.

Published
2014

175. Antigenic Differences between AS03 Adjuvanted Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Vaccines: Implications for Pandemrix-Associated Narcolepsy Risk

Author

Vaarala, Outi, primary, Vuorela, Arja, additional, Partinen, Markku, additional, Baumann, Marc, additional, Freitag, Tobias L., additional, Meri, Seppo, additional, Saavalainen, Päivi, additional, Jauhiainen, Matti, additional, Soliymani, Rabah, additional, Kirjavainen, Turkka, additional, Olsen, Päivi, additional, Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Outi, additional, Rouvinen, Juha, additional, Roivainen, Merja, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Jokinen, Jukka, additional, Julkunen, Ilkka, additional, and Kilpi, Terhi, additional

Published
2014
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176. Distance to health services modifies the effect of an 11-valent pneumococcal vaccine on pneumonia risk among children less than 2 years of age in Bohol, Philippines.

Author

Root, Elisabeth Dowling, Lucero, Marilla, Nohynek, Hanna, Stubbs, Rebecca, Tallo, Veronica, Lupisan, Socorro P., Sanvictores, Diozele M., Nillos, Leilani T., Simões, Eric A. F., Simões, Eric Af, and ARIVAC Team

Subjects
PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines, RISK factors of pneumonia, PLACEBOS, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, VACCINES
Abstract

Background: Both vaccine trials and surveillance studies typically use passive surveillance systems to monitor study outcomes, which may lead to under-reporting of study outcomes in areas with poor access to care. This detection bias can have an adverse effect on conventional estimates of pneumonia risk derived from vaccine trials.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind vaccine trial that examined the efficacy of an 11-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) among children less than 2 years of age in Bohol, Philippines. Trial data were linked to the residential location of each participant using a geographical information system. The study was conducted using 11 729 children who received three doses of any study vaccine (PCV11) or placebo. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine major risk factors for pneumonia diagnosis and the relationship between distance to Bohol Regional Hospital (BRH) and vaccination with PCV with risk for pneumonia diagnosis.Results: There was a significant interaction effect between distance from BRH and vaccination with PCV11 on pneumonia risk. Among children living 12 km from BRH, vaccination with PCV11 was associated with a decreased hazard ratio for radiographic pneumonia, compared with vaccination with the study placebo [0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.86). However, for children living 1 km from BRH, there was little difference in risk of radiographic pneumonia diagnosis between children vaccinated with PCV11 and those given the study placebo.Conclusion: Children living close to BRH had no documented reduction in the primary study outcome from PCV11, whereas those at greater distance experienced a substantial reduction. Because of detection bias caused by distance to BRH, in spatial analysis of vaccine trial results it may be necessary to adjust estimates of pneumonia risk and vaccine efficacy. Failure to consider the geographical dimension of trials may lead to underestimates of efficacy which might influence public health planning efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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182. Sunshine, rainfall, humidity and child pneumonia in the tropics: time-series analyses

Author

Paynter, Stuart, Weinstein, Phillip, Ware, Robert, Lucero, Marilla, Tallo, Veronica, Nohynek, Hanna, Barnett, Adrian, Skelly, Chris, Simoes, Eric, Sly, Peter, Williams, Gail, Paynter, Stuart, Weinstein, Phillip, Ware, Robert, Lucero, Marilla, Tallo, Veronica, Nohynek, Hanna, Barnett, Adrian, Skelly, Chris, Simoes, Eric, Sly, Peter, and Williams, Gail

Abstract

Few studies have formally examined the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of child pneumonia in the tropics, despite the fact that most child pneumonia deaths occur there. We examined the association between four meteorological exposures (rainy days, sunshine, relative humidity, temperature) and the incidence of clinical pneumonia in young children in the Philippines using three time-series methods: correlation of seasonal patterns, distributed lag regression, and case-crossover. Lack of sunshine was most strongly associated with pneumonia in both lagged regression [overall relative risk over the following 60 days for a 1-h increase in sunshine per day was 0·67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·51–0·87)] and case-crossover analysis [odds ratio for a 1-h increase in mean daily sunshine 8–14 days earlier was 0·95 (95% CI 0·91–1·00)]. This association is well known in temperate settings but has not been noted previously in the tropics. Further research to assess causality is needed.

Published
2013

183. The burden of childhood pneumonia in the developed world: A review of the literature

Author

Madhi, Shabir Ahmed, De Wals, Philippe, Grijalva, Carlos Gabriel, Grimwood, Keith, Grossman, Ronald, Ishiwada, Naruhiko, Lee, Ping Ing, Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana, Nohynek, Hanna, O'Brien, Katherine L, Vergison, Anne, Wolter, Joanne, Madhi, Shabir Ahmed, De Wals, Philippe, Grijalva, Carlos Gabriel, Grimwood, Keith, Grossman, Ronald, Ishiwada, Naruhiko, Lee, Ping Ing, Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana, Nohynek, Hanna, O'Brien, Katherine L, Vergison, Anne, and Wolter, Joanne

Abstract

Background: Estimates of the disease burden from childhood pneumonia are available for most developed countries, but they are based mainly on models. Measured country-specific pneumonia burden data are limited to a few nations and differ in case definitions and case ascertainment methods. This review describes pneumonia disease burden in developed countries. Methods: We reviewed studies describing childhood pneumonia incidence in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Available estimates suggest that each year in developed countries there are up to 2.6 million cases of pneumonia, including 1.5 million hospitalized cases and around 3000 pneumonia deaths (compared with approximately 640 annual deaths from meningitis) in children <5 years of age. Results: Data to inform policy decisions would be improved by information on burden and etiology of severe pneumonia, population-based incidence of ambulatory visits and hospitalizations and prevalence of complications and sequelae. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

184. No Serological Evidence of Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Virus Infection as a Contributing Factor in Childhood Narcolepsy after Pandemrix Vaccination Campaign in Finland

Author

Melén, Krister, primary, Partinen, Markku, additional, Tynell, Janne, additional, Sillanpää, Maarit, additional, Himanen, Sari-Leena, additional, Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Outi, additional, Hublin, Christer, additional, Olsen, Päivi, additional, Ilonen, Jorma, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Syrjänen, Ritva, additional, Kilpi, Terhi, additional, Vuorela, Arja, additional, Kirjavainen, Turkka, additional, Vaarala, Outi, additional, and Julkunen, Ilkka, additional

Published
2013
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185. The Burden of Childhood Pneumonia in the Developed World

Author

Madhi, Shabir A., primary, Wals, Philippe De, additional, Grijalva, Carlos G., additional, Grimwood, Keith, additional, Grossman, Ronald, additional, Ishiwada, Naruhiko, additional, Lee, Ping-Ing, additional, Nascimento-Carvalho, Cristiana, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, O’Brien, Katherine L., additional, Vergison, Anne, additional, and Wolter, Joanne, additional

Published
2013
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186. Narcolepsy as an adverse event following immunization: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis and presentation

Author

Poli, Francesca, primary, Overeem, Sebastiaan, additional, Lammers, Gert Jan, additional, Plazzi, Giuseppe, additional, Lecendreux, Michel, additional, Bassetti, Claudio L., additional, Dauvilliers, Yves, additional, Keene, Daniel, additional, Khatami, Ramin, additional, Li, Yulin, additional, Mayer, Geert, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Pahud, Barbara, additional, Paiva, Teresa, additional, Partinen, Markku, additional, Scammell, Thomas E., additional, Shimabukuro, Tom, additional, Sturkenboom, Miriam, additional, van Dinther, Kristy, additional, Wiznitzer, Max, additional, and Bonhoeffer, Jan, additional

Published
2013
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188. AS03 Adjuvanted AH1N1 Vaccine Associated with an Abrupt Increase in the Incidence of Childhood Narcolepsy in Finland

Author

Nohynek, Hanna, primary, Jokinen, Jukka, additional, Partinen, Markku, additional, Vaarala, Outi, additional, Kirjavainen, Turkka, additional, Sundman, Jonas, additional, Himanen, Sari-Leena, additional, Hublin, Christer, additional, Julkunen, Ilkka, additional, Olsén, Päivi, additional, Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Outi, additional, and Kilpi, Terhi, additional

Published
2012
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194. Efficacy of an 11-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Radiologically Confirmed Pneumonia Among Children Less Than 2 Years of Age in the Philippines

Author

Lucero, Marilla G., primary, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Williams, Gail, additional, Tallo, Veronica, additional, Simões, Eric A. F., additional, Lupisan, Socorro, additional, Sanvictores, Diozele, additional, Forsyth, Simon, additional, Puumalainen, Taneli, additional, Ugpo, Juanita, additional, Lechago, Marites, additional, de Campo, Margaret, additional, Abucejo-Ladesma, Erma, additional, Sombrero, Lydia, additional, Nissinen, Antti, additional, Soininen, Anu, additional, Ruutu, Petri, additional, Riley, Ian, additional, and Mäkelä, Helen P., additional

Published
2009
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