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Photochromism has been studied for irradiated type Ib diamonds which are then annealed above 1500 degrees C. This mainly involves H2 and H3 centres. When the samples are illuminated with light of wavelength shorter than 600 nm, absorption of H2 centres is reduced while that of H3 centres is enhanced. In the dark the process is reversed. Several characteristic features have been examined for various illumination conditions and different samples. On the basis of the results a model is proposed: H2 and H3 centres are the same centre with different charge states and photoionization of H2 may be responsible for the photochromism.

The compatibility of Wintermin® fine granules consisting of chlorpromazine phenolphthalinate and magnesium oxide was investigated by sensory test, and the residual amount of chlorpromazine was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Although the coloration to pink in the preparation was observed after preservation under medium (20°C, RH 75%) and severe (30°C, RH 92%) conditions, no change in the amount of chlorpromazine under any condition tested was noticed.It was also found from the chromatogram that a slight amount of phenolphthalein was contaminated in Wintermin®fine granules. Moreover, no change was detected in the compatibility test of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and magnesium oxide under the severe condition.It was, therefore, suggested that the interaction between phenolphthalein and magnesium oxide alkalized by moisture was responsible for the coloration in the preparation of Wintermin®fine granules and magnesium oxide.

The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the university Nacional De San Martin sect Ahuashiyacu Band Shilcayo Province of San Martin, located at South latitude 6 ° 2T, altitude of 360 m and at a west longitude 76 ° 23 ', has an area of ​​tropical dry forest (bs..T) presents: texture: sandy loam, pH: 4.85, matera organic 3.57 ° .4. block design completely random (OSCA) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were 2. 4, 6 TM H. UHA and NPK 160-90-90 and absolute control. ~ Rum treatments that greater plant height and Anura harvest cobs are the T3 (6 TMIHa vermicompost) and 227 .93 cm and 101.00 cm. And the lower results were the TS (absolute control) with 217.95 and 85.78 cm. In grain yield which was obtained higher yield T4 (160-90-90) 3 614. 46 Kg / Ha and treatment that underperformed was the T5 (Witness Absolute) 2 671.81 Kg / Ha. Upon respective economic analysis it is that treatments with high doses of vermicompost reported lost, these treatments & are T3 (6 TMIHa vermicompost) and T2 (4 MT / ha vermicompost) with a loss S / -317.2 and S /. -275.7 Meanwhile T4 (160-90-90) treatment was found to have more gain than all treatments 1os The \ net profit of SJ. in 1. With regard to biomass production, carbon sequestration and CO2 treatments were mejorares results were T3 (6 MT / ha vermicompost) 24 245.3 Kg / Ha biomass 10 815. 4 Kg / Ha carbon and 909.2 Kg / Ha of TOC and T4 (100.9 () .. 90) c: on 24 KglHa biomass 034.1 10 815.4 KglHa carbon and 901.3 Kg / Ha COT. El trabajo de investigación se ejecutó en los campos experimentales de la universidad Nacional De San Martín secta Ahuashiyacu Banda de Shilcayo Provincia de San Martin, localizada a una latitud sur de 6° 2T , altitud de 360 m.s.n.m y a una longitud oeste 76° 23', presenta una zona de vida Bosque Seco Tropical (bs..T), presenta: textura: franco Arenoso, pH: 4.85, matera orgánica 3.57 °.4. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques Completamente al azar (OSCA) con 5 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones Los Tratamientos estudiados fueron 2. 4, 6 TM H. UHa y NPK de 160-90-90 y un testigo absoluto. Los tratamientos que ~ron mayor altura de plantas y anura de mazorcas a la cosecha son el T3 (6 TMIHa de Humus de Lombriz) y el con 227 .93 cm y 101,00 cm. Y los menores resultados fueron el TS (Testigo absoluto) con 217,95 y 85,78 cm. En el rendimiento de granos el que obtuvo mayor rendimiento fue el T4 (160-90-90) con 3 614. 46 Kg/Ha y el tratamiento que tuvo menor rendimiento fue el T5 (Testigo Absoluto) con 2 671.81 Kg/Ha. Al efectuar el análisis económico respectivo se tiene que los tratamientos que tienen dosis altas de humus de Lombriz reportan perdidas, estos tratamiento& son T3 (6 TMIHa de Humus de Lombriz) y el T2 ( 4 TM/Ha de Humus de Lombriz ) con una pérdida de S/-317.2 y S/. -275.7 mientras tanto el tratamiento T4 (160-90-90) resultó tener más ganancia que todos los tratamientos con La\ beneficio neto de SJ. en, 1. Con respecto a la producción de biomasa, fijación de carbono y CO2 los tratamientos que tuvieron mejorares resultados fueron el T3 (6 TM/Ha de Humus de Lombriz) con 24 245.3 Kg/Ha de biomasa, 10 815. 4 Kg/Ha de carbono y 909.2 Kg/Ha de COt y el T4 (100.9()..90) c:on 24 034.1 KglHa de biomasa, 10 815.4 KglHa de carbono y 901.3 Kg/Ha de COT.

Desde seu lançamento, em 2009, o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) produziu milhões de unidades habitacionais para a população de baixa renda brasileira. No entanto, essa política federal de provisão de moradias tem apresentado resultados preocupantes em relação à inserção urbana dos empreendimentos implementados. Este artigo apresenta o resultado da análise de sete estudos de caso em quatro municípios paulistas acerca do padrão de inserção dos conjuntos do MCMV na escala local, isto é, no entorno dos empreendimentos. Além da discussão das localizações periféricas nas quais os conjuntos se inserem, procurou-se analisar as implicações da execução deles para a (re)produção de cidades mais, ou menos, diversificadas e mais, ou menos, inclusivas, do ponto de vista do acesso a diferentes usos, equipamentos e oportunidades, considerando a morfologia urbana e a interação do projeto das moradias com o contexto urbano: todos elementos fundamentais na definição do nível de urbanidade, que poderia – e deveria – ser qualificado/acrescido com a implantação dos novos empreendimentos habitacionais financiados com recursos públicos.

AIDS has spread worldwide regardless of geographic barriers, race, age, or gender. The most important routes of HIV transmission are sexual contact; exposure to blood, such as through IV drug use and transfusion; and perinatal transmission from infected mothers to their infants. This paper reviews the literature on HIV transmission through blood and other tissues, semen and HIV transmission, the sexual transmission of HIV, and vertical transmission. The sexual transmission of HIV is considered in subsections on the frequency of sexual intercourse, genital and anorectal ulcers, other factors in sexual practices, and therapeutic parameters. Vertical transmission is considered in subsections on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic technology and pediatric AIDS, factors influencing vertical transmission, and breast feeding and HIV transmission.

Infrared absorption and electron spin resonance measurements have been performed in nitrogen-containing mixed-type diamonds under several illumination conditions. It has been observed that bulk one-phonon absorption spectra are modulated by illumination of higher than 2.0 eV in photon energy and the change recovers within a few hours after the excitation light is turned off. The results are explained by the change in the charge state of isolated nitrogen, and a characteristic absorption band created by the positive charge state of isolated nitrogen (N+) is proposed. This phenomenon is applicable in decomposing the infrared absorption spectra of diamonds into each component, which contain information about the type and concentration of nitrogen aggregate.

Near-infrared absorption lines of 2916, 4066, 4113, 4139 and 4168 cm−1 have been observed in type IIa diamond neutron irradiated and annealed at temperatures higher than 1400°C. A photochromic behaviour of these defects under various illumination conditions is reported and the phenomenon is explained by a charge transfer model.

A 16-year-old boy had eaten Chinese freshwater crabs soaked in liquor in October 2000, and the left pleural effusion was pointed out on chest X-ray films at a regular medical checkup at school in June 2002. Since his father and friends had suffered from Paragonimiasis Westermani and had been treated in January 2001, the patient agreed to immunoserological examination, and Paragonimiasis Westermani was diagnosed. After drainage of pleural effusion, the patient was treated with praziquantel for three days at a daily dosage of 75 mg/kg, but without effect. The patient received drainage of pleural effusion again, and was treated with praziquantel for 3 days at a daily dosage of 75 mg/kg in a series of three treatments at three week interval. After that, improvement of the disease was achieved.

Aims and Background Local recurrences in patients submitted to conservative breast treatment for early infiltrating breast carcinomas occur in 5–10% of the cases and are caused mainly by inadequate local resection and remaining residual malignant tissue. The present study was carried out to analyze the effect of intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins and its influence on the immediate surgical management of patients with early breast carcinomas (T1–T2) scheduled to undergo quadrantectomy. Methods A total of 102 cases were studied. After a classical quadrantectomy, intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins was done by means of macroscopic, cytological and histopathologic analysis. The margins of the resected tissue were examined to assure they were clear or to orient a wider resection. Results In 64 cases (62.7%), the extent of the quadrant resection was considered adequate and the margins were clear. In 38 cases (37.3%), surgical margins were considered inadequate. An enlarged quadrantectomy was immediately performed in 33 patients (32.4%) and mastectomies in 5 (4.9%). Conclusions Intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins frequently modifies the surgical management of patients who were initially prepared to be submitted to a quadrantectomy, indicating the need for further resection in the form of an enlarged quadrantectomy or mastectomy.

OBJETIVO: analisar o emprego concomitante da localização radioguiada de lesão não palpável e do estudo do linfonodo sentinela (LS) em mulheres com câncer de mama. MÉTODO: estudo prospectivo de 45 pacientes com carcinoma não palpável de mama. O radiofármaco utilizado foi o dextram marcado pelo 99mTc. Realizou-se injeção no sítio peritumoral, sob orientação ultra-sonográfica ou estereotáxica, com auxílio de agulha de raquianestesia de gauge 18. A linfocintilografia, para visualização pré-operatória do local da lesão e do LS, foi feita em gama câmera convencional, com abdução de 90º do membro superior ipsilateral. A exérese da lesão primária e a do LS foram realizadas com auxílio de sonda de detecção de radiação gama. RESULTADOS: quanto à remoção do tumor primário, obteve-se taxa de sucesso em todos os casos. Houve necessidade de ampliação de margem cirúrgica em cinco pacientes. Em relação ao LS houve falha em quatro casos, com índice de localização de 93%. Não foram observadas complicações. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados obtidos parecem demonstrar que a utilização simultânea dos dois procedimentos constitui estratégia eficaz para o tratamento do câncer inicial de mama em uma única sessão PURPOSE: to assess the simultaneous approach of radioguided occult lesion localization and sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with breast cancer. METHOD: forty-five patients with nonpalpable breast cancer were enrolled in a prospective study. The employed radiocolloid was 99mTc-labelled dextran. The injection was performed peritumorally under sonographic or stereotactic guidance using a 18 gauge needle. Lymphoscintigraph images for the visualization of both the site of injection and sentinel lymph node were obtained in a conventional gamma-camera, with the ipsilateral arm positioned in a 90º angle. Excision biopsy of the tumor and sentinel lymph node were performed with a gamma-detecting probe. RESULTS: the procedure was always successful in permitting the localization of occult breast lesions. It was necessary to enlarge surgical margins in five cases. Concerning the sentinel lymph node we achieved localization in 93% of the cases. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: the results seems to demonstrate that a combined radioguided occult lesion localization and sentinel lymph node biopsy using the same radiopharmaceutical represents a useful and practicable strategy in the management of early breast cancer.

Background. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a rare histologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma and its features are still controversial. We attempted to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of this histologic type. Methods. We reviewed the records of 112 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach (MUC) and 4160 patients with nonmucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (NMUC) for factors including age; sex; tumor location, size, and depth; lymph node metastasis; lymphatic or venous permeation; peritoneal dissemination; liver metastasis; and survival rate. We also investigated the relationship between cancer depth and lymph node metastasis. Statistical analysis included χ 2 and Student's t -tests. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log rank test. Results. MUC was found mostly in younger patients, in the lower part of the stomach and was of larger size, invading to or beyond the muscularis propria, positive for lymph node involvement, and associated with peritoneal dissemination. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with MUC was lower than that in NMUC patients, because the MUC patients more frequently had advanced stage disease; however, the survival rates in the two groups did not differ significantly. As for the relationship between cancer depth and lymph node involvement, the frequency of lymph node metastasis increased when invasion reached the submucosa in patients with MUC compared with those with NMUC while the frequency of lymph node metastasis increased in the muscularis propria in patients with NMUC compared with those with NMUC. Conclusion. MUC was characteristically found in younger patients, at lower sites, at an advanced stage, and with peritoneal dissemination; MUC had a poor prognosis. Lymph node metastasis should be suspected when MUC invades to the submucosa or deeper.

Continuous systemic infusion of low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) (10 mg/body/day) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 mg/body/day) was performed for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy with diffuse lung metastases and multiple intrahepatic metastases. This infusion chemotherapy, cisplatin was continued for five days, and discontinued for two days, whereas 5-fluorouracil was administered every day and repeated four weeks as one course basally. Remnant metastases had almost disappeared after systemic chemotherapy for 10 weeks. In our experience, the response rate in 13 patients who underwent reduction surgery for multiple HCC was 84.6%. Continuous infusion of low-dose CDDP/5-FU may be effective in patients having absolute non-curative resection.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the importance of the practical application of the concept of reproductive health in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1998 at the Perola Byington Hospital with a new model of Primary Health Care (PHC) in which 2000 women/day, separated into two groups and over 45 years, was attended by nurses trained to detect the most frequently occurring gynecological problems supervised by doctors, who finalized the visit of each patient. The results demonstrated the advantages and viability of this strategy and also the bad health conditions of the women. Based on the high incidence of different kind of diseases detected, programs were set up for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancer, STD, AIDS, hypertension, diabetes, etc. The results of two of these control programs, cervical cancer and breast cancer, demonstrated a significant increase in the diagnosis of early lesions. An economic study demonstrated an obvious and significant impact of this model not only in saving lives, but also in decreasing financial expenses in health.

Orientador: Hilary Castle de Menezes Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Resumo: Suco de laranja integral, cultivar Pêra Rio, tratado termicamente, refrigerado e acondicionadoassepticamente,em embalagem cartonada tetra-brik foi avaliado em três temperaturas de armazenamento para definição da estabilidade. As amostras foram armazenadas a 2°, 12° e 35°C e analisadas periodicamente pelas determinações de pH, Brix, acidez total titulável, ácido ascórbico e contagem total de mesófilos. Avaliações sensoriais foram realizadas simultaneamente às demais determinações, através de testes de escala estruturada, avaliando a aceitabilidade das amostràs...Observação: O resumo, na integra, podera ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: Single-strength orange juice, cultivar Pera Rio, heat treated, refrigerated and aseptically packaged in tetra-brik, was studied at three storage temperatures for its shelf-life definition. The samples were stored at 2°, 12° and 35°C and periodically analysed for pH, Brix, total acidity, ascorbic acid and total mesophilic count. Sensory panels were conducted simultaneously, to test the samples acceptability....Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations Mestrado Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Seven patients with postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and four patients who underwent absolute non curative resection for HCC were treated with continuous arterial infusion of low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) (10 mg/body/day) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (250 mg/body/day). This infusion chemotherapy was continued for five days and discontinued for two days, repeated over four weeks as one course. The response rate in patients with postoperative recurrence was 42.9%, while that in patients who underwent reduction surgery for multiple HCC was 75%. Continuous arterial infusion of low-dose CDDP/5-FU may be effective in patients with multiple small intrahepatic metastases.

The congenital transmission of Chagas’ disease was evaluated in 57 pregnant women with Chagas’ disease and their 58 offspring. The patients were selected from three Health Institutions in São Paulo City. The maternal clinical forms of Chagas’ disease were: indeterminate (47.4%), cardiac (43.8%) and digestive (8.8%); 55 were born in endemic areas and two in São Paulo City. The transmission of Chagas’ disease at fetal level was confirmed in three (5.17%) of the 58 cases studied and one probably case of congenital Chagas’ disease. Two infected infants were born to chagasic women with HIV infection and were diagnosed by parasitolological assays (microhematocrit, quantitative buffy coat-QBC or artificial xenodiagnosis). In both cases the placenta revealed T. cruzi and HIV p24 antigens detected by immunohistochemistry. In one case, a 14-week old abortus, the diagnosis of congenital T. cruzi infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The other probable infection, a 30-week old stillborn, the parasites were found in the placenta and umbilical cord. The Western blot method using trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens of T. cruzi (TESA) was positive for IgG antibodies in 54/55 newborns and for IgM in 1/55 newborns. One of the two newborns with circulating parasites had no detectable IgG or IgM antibodies. The assessment of IgG antibodies in the sera of pregnant women and their newborns was performed by ELISA using two different T. cruzi antigens: an alkaline extract of epimastigotes (EAE) and trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens (TESA). The analysis showed a linear correlation between maternal and newborn IgG antibody titers at birth. A transmissão congênita da doença de Chagas continua a ser um problema no Brasil. Em um estudo com 58 recém-nascidos, de 57 mães com a forma crônica da doença de Chagas, selecionadas em três Instituições de Saúde da Cidade de São Paulo, a transmissão congênita foi demonstrada em 5,17% (3/58) dos casos, com um provável caso confirmado somente pelo achado de antígenos do T. cruzi na placenta e cordão umbilical. Os testes parasitológicos (microhematócrito, quantitative buffy coat-QBC ou xenodiagnóstico artificial) foram capazes de diagnosticar dois casos congênitos de infecção pelo T. cruzi, nascidos de mulheres chagásicas com infecção pelo HIV. A imunohistoquímica efetuada nestas duas placentas foi capaz de identificar formas amastigotas e antígenos do T. cruzi. A infecção congênita foi confirmada a nível placentário em outros dois casos, e a nível fetal em um destes casos por imunohistoquímica. O Immunoblotting utilizando antígenos excretados/secretados de formas tripomastigotas do T. cruzi (TESA-blot), detectou anticorpos IgG em 54/55 dos casos e IgM em 1/55. Nos dois casos congênitos um apresentou anticorpos IgG e IgM o no outro não foram detectados anticorpos IgG ou IgM anti T. cruzi, apesar do achado de parasitas circulantes.

The collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) is a crucial step for successful PBSC transplantation. Routine hematological parameters utilized for predicting the optimal timing of collection include white blood cell (WBC) counts, high fluorescence ratio (HFR) of reticulocytes, and platelet counts. We compared these parameters with the CD34-positive rates in the peripheral blood. In regimen with high-dose chemotherapy where the WBC count at nadir was lower than 1,000/microliter, we found that the maximum mobilization of PBSC was observed on the day when the WBC count reached 10,000/microliter. This coincidence was within about one day (mean 0.44, standard deviation 0.53). However, the reliability of the WBC count as a marker of PBSC mobilization varied among different harvest regimens. In the regimen with regular-dose chemotherapy where the WBC count at nadir was above 1,000/microliter, we could not find such a tight coincidence between the WBC count and PBSC mobilization. These results suggested that, in some situations, the measurement of the CD34-positive rate is mandatory for an efficient PBSC collection. We also found that the number of CD34-positive cells in the peripheral blood correlated (x) well to the amount of the CD34-positive cells actually harvested (y) (y = 0.524x + 0.249, r = 0.787). Thus, rapid fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of peripheral CD34-positive rates seemed to be extremely useful to predict the yield of PBSC collection.

To help test the hypothesis that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may serve an autocrine function in the retina, we asked whether human Müller (glial) cells in culture express TGF-beta receptors, contain transcripts for various isoforms of this cytokine, and release TGF-beta s into the medium.Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique with specific primers for TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 precursors and for TGF-beta type I and type II receptors, we searched for mRNA transcripts expressed by cultured human Müller cells. Also, an ELISA assay allowed quantification of the levels of various TGF-beta s in medium exposed to these glial cells.Human Müller cells in culture express transcripts for both type I and type II TGF-beta receptors and also for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. In conditioned medium, the concentration of TGF-beta 1 in the mature form was below detectable levels, and the total TGF-beta 1 was relatively low (mean = 252 pg/ml in confluent cultures). In contrast, the mean levels of mature (55 pg/ml) and total (2530 pg/ml) TGF-beta 2 were markedly higher.Our observations that cultured Müller cells contain mRNA coding for the TGF-beta 2 precursor, release TGF-beta 2 into the medium and express transcripts for both type I and type II TGF-beta receptors are consistent with the idea that this cytokine serves an autocrine function for these glia in the retina.

In Brazil, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women (20.1% of all cancers in women) after skin cancer (24.3%). It is responsible for about 5% of all cancer deaths among women in the State of Sao Paulo. The cervical cancer mortality rate does not differ among regions in Brazil, even though most health services are in metropolitan areas. In 1968, the Cervical Cancer Control Program began in Campinas. Its first phase (1968-1972) was characterized by a low number of Papanicolaou tests and a very high frequency of altered cervical cytologies. The second phase (1972-1978) was characterized by a higher number of repeat Pap tests, a high number of treatments of cervical benign lesions, and a lower frequency of altered cytologies. Geographical expansion of the program to 84 cities in the region (population of 3.5 million) characterizes the current phase, which corresponds with another increase in the frequency of altered cytologies. 85% of patients were in stages II, III, and IV before 1968 compared to only 3% after 1984. Before 1968, no one had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia while most cases (86%) had it after 1984. Therefore, the program achieved its goal of reversing the diagnosis of cervical cancer in the incurability phase to the treatable phase in the region of Campinas. In 1986, the State Health Secretariat of Sao Paulo began implementing a similar cervical cancer control program which was organized into the primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. It increased its coverage of Pap tests from 8.38% in 1986 to about 40% in 1990. 82% of women who had undergone a consultation at Perola Byington Hospital had a Pap test during the last 2 years and almost all of these women (99%) knew that the Pap test should be repeated. Obstacles faced by the 2 programs included an increased demand in initial stages for specialized care (i.e., surgery), great exit of technicians and professionals from programs to the private sector, and inadequate follow-up of detected cases.

The optical-absorption edge of zinc-blende-structure boron nitride has been measured at high pressure to 1.8 GPa using a sapphire-anvil cell. The effect of pressure on the minimum band gap is found to be 6.0 meV/GPa, which is greater than twice the value found in recent ab initio calculations

Using highpressure synthetic diamonds of type Tb NV or 112 center is introduced dominantly by controlling the dose and the annealing temperature. Some optical properties are studied to explore a possibility for application to optoelectronics. For NV center the holeburning effect of the zerophonon line has been examined on the following aspects: the distribution for the magnitude of internal strain the burning and erasing processes of a hole and the temperature dependence of the hole width. For 112 it has been found that photochromism occurs by illumination of light shorter than 600nm wavelength. A tentative model is proposed on the basis of the experimental results. _i .© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.