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During an outbreak of severe acute respiratory infections in 2 orphanages, Vietnam, 7/12 hospitalized children died. All hospitalized children and 26/43 children from outbreak orphanages tested positive for rhinovirus versus 9/40 control children (p = 0.0005). Outbreak rhinoviruses formed a distinct genetic cluster. Human rhinovirus is an underappreciated cause of severe pneumonia in vulnerable groups.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Vietnamese poultry and has caused sporadic human infection in Vietnam since 2003. Human infections with HPAI H5N1 are of concern due to a high mortality rate and the potential for the emergence of pandemic viruses with sustained human-to-human transmission. Viruses isolated from humans in southern Vietnam have been classified as clade 1 with a single genome constellation (VN3) since their earliest detection in 2003. This is consistent with detection of this clade/genotype in poultry viruses endemic to the Mekong River Delta and surrounding regions. Comparison of H5N1 viruses detected in humans from southern Vietnamese provinces during 2012 and 2013 revealed the emergence of a 2013 reassortant virus with clade 1.1.2 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface protein genes but internal genes derived from clade 2.3.2.1a viruses (A/Hubei/1/2010-like; VN12). Closer analysis revealed mutations in multiple genes of this novel genotype (referred to as VN49) previously associated with increased virulence in animal models and other markers of adaptation to mammalian hosts. Despite the changes identified between the 2012 and 2013 genotypes analyzed, their virulence in a ferret model was similar. Antigenically, the 2013 viruses were less cross-reactive with ferret antiserum produced to the clade 1 progenitor virus, A/Vietnam/1203/2004, but reacted with antiserum produced against a new clade 1.1.2 WHO candidate vaccine virus (A/Cambodia/W0526301/2012) with comparable hemagglutination inhibition titers as the homologous antigen. Together, these results indicate changes to both surface and internal protein genes of H5N1 viruses circulating in southern Vietnam compared to 2012 and earlier viruses.

Nghề lưới rê, lưới kéo và nghề lưới vây là 3 nghề khai thác hải sản chính ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL). Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện từ tháng 1/2013 đến tháng 12/2013 tại các tỉnh ven biển thuộc ĐBSCL như Tiền Giang, Trà Vinh, Bạc Liêu, Cà Mau và Kiên Giang thông qua phỏng vấn 321 hộ làm nghề lưới rê, lưới kéo và lưới vây. Kết quả cho thấy các nghề khai thác hải sản ở ĐBSCL có thể khai thác quanh năm. Năng suất của nghề lưới kéo đơn (0,35 tấn/CV/năm) và nghề lưới rê (0,22 tấn/CV/năm) ở xa bờ thấp hơn (p

Ascaris suum là loại giun tròn ký sinh phổ biến trên heo, làm giảm khả năng tăng trọng của vật chủ, gây tổn thất kinh tế đáng kể cho người nuôi. Trong những năm gần đây, vắc-xin tái tổ hợp được đánh giá như là một trong những phương pháp phòng chống bệnh hiệu quả cho vật nuôi, trong đó có bệnh giun đũa ở heo. Một số nghiên cứu đã chứng minh, protein 16-kilodalton (AS16) được phát hiện từ ấu trùng và giun đũa trưởng thành có khả năng tạo phản ứng miễn dịch trên chuột và heo. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến phân tích các đặc điểm về tính kỵ nước và ưa nước của phân tử protein AS16 dựa trên phần mềm Genetyx phiên bản 10.0 để dự đoán vị trí quyết định kháng nguyên trong phân đoạn này và tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả miễn dịch của phân tử protein tái tổ hợp AS16 được tiêm chủng ở chuột thí nghiệm BALB/c. Kết quả cho thấy, quyết định kháng nguyên của phân tử protein AS16 được dự đoán định vị tại vị trí 30G - 60A, chuột được tiêm với phân tử protein tái tổ hợp AS16 với GST được biểu hiện qua Escherichia coli BL21, đã tạo phản ứng miễn dịch ý nghĩa trên chuột. Những kết quả thu được sẽ là nội dung tham khảo quan trọng trong việc sản xuất vắc-xin tái tổ hợp dựa trên quyết định kháng nguyên 30G - 60A để phòng bệnh giun đũa ở heo.

Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM) để kiểm định mối quan hệ giữa thực hiện trách nhiệm xã hội, lợi ích kinh doanh và hiệu quả tài chính của doanh nghiệp ở thành phố Cần Thơ. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định thang đo mức độ thực hiện trách nhiệm xã hội gồm ba thành phần: chất lượng tổ chức (đáp ứng khách hàng và nhân viên), quan hệ xã hội (đáp ứng nhà cung cấp và cộng đồng xã hội) và bảo vệ môi trường với 14 thuộc tính. Thang đo lợi ích kinh doanh gồm hai thành phần: gắn kết với tổ chức và thu hút nguồn lực với 9 thuộc tính. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy việc tăng cường thực hiện trách nhiệm xã hội tác động mạnh và thuận chiều đến sự gia tăng lợi ích kinh doanh, đồng thời sự gia tăng lợi ích kinh doanh tác động mạnh và thuận chiều đến hiệu quả tài chính của doanh nghiệp.Nghiên cứuđóng góp môhình lý thuyết về quan hệ giữa trách nhiệm xã hội, lợi ích kinh doanh và hiệu quả tài chínhcho các nghiên cứu tiếp theo.

Nuôi cá chình hoa (Anguilla marmorata) hiện là mô hình nuôi thủy sản quan trọng ở vùng nước lợ nhạt tỉnh Cà Mau. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện từ tháng 8 - 12 năm 2012 thông qua phỏng vấn trực tiếp 30 hộ nuôi cá chình nhằm phân tích hiệu quả kỹ thuật và kinh tế của mô hình nuôi và xác định những thuận lợi và khó khăn của mô hình sản xuất. Kết quả cho thấy các hộ nuôi có diện tích đất nuôi cá chình trung bình là 1,34 ha/hộ và diện tích ao nuôi trung bình là 0,7 0,18 ha/ao. Cá chình giống có kích cỡ lớn (117,33 ± 45,4 g/con) có nguồn gốc từ tự nhiên ở các tỉnh miền Trung và được thả nuôi với mật độ 0,32 ± 0,09 con/m2. Cá được cho ăn chủ yếu bằng cá tạp. Sau thời gian nuôi 591 ngày, cá được thu hoạch với tỉ lệ sống đạt 82 ± 21% và năng suất trung bình đạt 4.186 ± 1.379 kg/ha/vụ. Kết quả cho thấy với chi phí sản xuất là 930 ± 436 triệu đồng/ha/vụ, người nuôi có thu nhập 2.150 ± 789 triệu đồng/ha/vụ và lợi nhuận bình quân là 1.220 ± 743 triệu đồng/ha/vụ. Tuy nhiên, nghề nuôi cũng gặp một số khó khăn lớn, nhất là cần vốn đầu tư lớn và nguồn cá giống hạn chế do lệ thuộc vào giống tự nhiên và giá cao.

We show the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions of the nonautonomous second-order equation: u″(t)=A(t)u′(t)+B(t)u(t)+f(t), 0≤t≤T; u(0)=x0, u′(0)=x1 on a Banach space by means of operator matrix method and apply to Volterra integrodifferential equations.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 01/2013-5/2013 nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả kỹ thuật và tài chính của nghề lưới rê ba lớp ở tỉnh Bạc Liêu. Số liệu sơ cấp được thu thập bằng cách phỏng vấn trực tiếp 33 hộ ngư dân đang hoạt động khai thác bằng nghề lưới rê ba lớp với nội dung về số tàu thuyền, ngư trường, mùa vụ khai thác, những loài khai thác chính, sản lượng và hiệu quả tài chính. Kết quả cho thấy số lượng tàu thuyền làm nghề lưới rê ba lớp là 255 chiếc, chiếm 36,0% số tàu lưới rê và 21,9% tổng số tàu khai thác thủy sản của tỉnh Bạc Liêu. Tàu lưới rê ba lớp có công suất trung bình là 107,5 CV/tàu (14,8 tấn/tàu). Lưới rê ba lớp có chiều dài trung bình 4.878 m và chiều cao trung bình là 2,5 m. Mắt lưới bên trong có kích thước là 50-70 mm và mắt lưới bên ngoài có kích thước là 200-300 mm. Lưới rê ba lớp khai thác chủ yếu vùng biển gần bờ thuộc tỉnh Bạc Liêu và tỉnh Cà Mau. Lưới rê ba lớp có thể khai thác quanh năm nhưng có hai vụ chính, vụ thứ nhất khai thác từ 3 đến tháng 6 và vụ thứ hai từ tháng 9 đến tháng 12. Sản lượng khai thác trung bình 42,2 tấn/năm/tàu hoặc 8,47 kg/m lưới/năm, trong đó cá tạp chiếm 35,8%. Tổng thu nhập bình quân một chuyến biển là 57,6 triệu đồng/chuyến và lợi nhuận là 25,7 triệu đồng/chuyến với tỉ suất lợi nhuận 74%. Hoạt động của nghề lưới rê ba lớp đem lại lợi nhuận cao và ổn định cho ngư dân vùng ven biển tỉnh Bạc Liêu, chính vì vậy nghề này cần được hỗ trợ và quản lý để phát triển bền vững.

To describe the surgical technique and early results of thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of patients with CDH who underwent thoracoscopic surgery in our institution over a period of 15 months. There were nine patients, five boys and four girls, ranging in age from 7 days to 8 years. All nine patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Reduction of the hernia contents was carried out using one optical trocar and two operating trocars. Pleural insufflation with carbon dioxide was maintained at a pressure of 2 to 4 mmHg. The hernia defect was repaired using non-absorbable interrupted sutures. Results: The hernia was located on the left side in seven patients and on the right side in two. The mean operative time was 80 minutes. In all patients, the chest tube was removed on the first postoperative day. All patients were discharged on the fifth postoperative day. Chest X-ray and clinical examination 3 months after surgery were normal in all patients. Conclusion: The thoracoscopic approach for the repair of CDH in children, including small infants and newborns, is feasible and safe. The technique causes minimal trauma, results in good respiratory function, and promotes early recovery.

Bài viết này xây dựng mô hình lý thuyết tác động lan tỏa ngành xây dựng từ những thành phần như: Tác động lan tỏa về mặt kinh tế, Tác động lan tỏa về mặt công nghệ, Tác động lan tỏa về mặt xã hội, Tác động lan tỏa về mặt bảo vệ môi trường. Phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính kết hợp định lượng thông qua sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hệ số độ tin cậy Cronbach alpha và phân tích nhân tố khám phá EFA nhằm đánh giá và điều chỉnh thang đo. Sau đó phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (CFA), phân tích mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Phương pháp nghiên cứu sử dụng để kiểm định mô hình đo lường và mô hình nghiên cứu, kích thước mẫu khảo sát chính thức 310 mẫu tại thị trường tỉnh Sóc Trăng. Kết quả kiểm định cho thấy sự phù hợp mô hình lý thuyết với thông tin thị trường, mô hình lan tỏa ngành xây dựng sẽ góp phần tạo nên hệ thống nghiên cứu lý thuyết về phát triển ngành xây dựng ở Việt Nam, cũng như tỉnh Sóc Trăng có cơ sở định hướng phát triển ngành xây dựng phù hợp hơn sẽ tạo nên sự lan tỏa rất lớn cho phát triển kinh tế xã hội của địa phương.

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu của nghiên cứu là phân tích để tìm ra các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến quyết định của công nhân khi chọn khu công nghiệp (KCN) Hòa Phú để làm việc. Các phương pháp phân tích được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu là phương pháp thống kê mô tả, kiểm định độ tin cậy của thang đo và phân tích nhân tố. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, phần lớn công nhân tại KCN Hòa Phú có độ tuổi khá trẻ, trình độ học vấn và trình độ tay nghề khá thấp. Tỷ lệ công nhân xuất thân từ nông thôn khá cao và họ đến KCN chủ yếu thông qua sự giới thiệu của người thân và bạn bè. Thu nhập của công nhân sau khi đến KCN cao hơn nhiều so với thu nhập từ việc làm trước đó của họ và phần lớn công nhân hài lòng với công việc hiện tại. Các nhân tố chính ảnh hưởng đến quyết định của công nhân khi chọn KCN Hòa Phú để làm việc là nhân tố điều kiện KCN, nhân tố quan hệ và hỗ trợ, nhân tố đảm bảo an toàn, nhân tố lợi ích kinh tế và nhân tố chính sách công ty.

Bài viết này xây dựng mô hình lý thuyết chất lượng qui hoạch ngành xây dựng từ những thành phần như: Nét kiến trúc đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc, Năng lực tư vấn dự án, Nguồn nhân lực ngành xây dựng, Công khai minh bạch các dự án mời gọi đầu tư. Phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính kết hợp định lượng thông qua sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hệ số độ tin cậy Cronbach alpha và phân tích nhân tố khám phá EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) nhằm đánh giá và điều chỉnh thang đo. Sau đó phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis), phân tích mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM: Structural Equation Modeling). Phương pháp nghiên cứu sử dụng để kiểm định mô hình đo lường và mô hình nghiên cứu (mô hình lý thuyết). Kích thước mẫu khảo sát chính thức 310 mẫu tại thị trường tỉnh Sóc Trăng. Kết quả kiểm định cho thấy sự phù hợp mô hình lý thuyết với thông tin thị trường, kết quả nghiên cứu còn có một số ý nghĩa thiết thực cho nhiều đối tượng nghiên cứu khác nhau trong lĩnh vực xây dựng. Các đối tượng có liên quan là những doanh nghiệp kinh doanh trong lĩnh vực tư vấn - xây dựng, các ban quan lý dự án xây dựng, các chủ đầu tư, các cơ quản lý nhà nước về lĩnh vực xây dựng, đặc biệt là Sở Xây dựng đang quản lý về chất lượng qui hoạch ngành xây dựng của tỉnh Sóc Trăng.

A high-order iterative scheme is established in order to get a convergent sequence at a rate of order N (N≥1) to a local unique weak solution of a nonlinear Kirchhoff wave equation in the unit membrane. This extends a recent result in (EJDE, 2005, No. 138) where a recurrent sequence converges at a rate of order 2.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 3/2008 đến tháng 12/2008 tại tỉnh Sóc Trăng nhằm phân tích các khía cạnh kinh tế và kỹ thuật các mô hình nuôi thủy sản ven biển. Kết quả cho thấy mô hình nuôi thủy sản ven biển tỉnh Sóc Trăng đa dạng, ngày càng thâm canh hóa và có nhiều loài mới được đưa vào nuôi. Mật độ thả nuôi của mô hình nuôi tôm sú tâm canh (TC) là 26,29 con/m2; bán thâm canh (BTC) là 15,02 con/m2, quảng canh cải tiến (QCCT) là 7,56 con/m2; tôm ? lúa là 7,74 con/m2 và có năng suất lần lượt là 4.665; 2.739; 1.504 và 919 kg/ha/vụ. Lợi nhuận của mô hình nuôi tôm sú TC là 183,1 triệu đồng/ha; BTC là 102,2 triệu đồng/ha, QCCT là 50,4 triệu đồng/ha/vụ; tôm ? lúa là 28,6 triệu đồng/ha. Đối với mô hình nuôi cá kèo có mật độ thả nuôi trung bình (94,00 con/m2), năng suất (11.303 kg/ha/vụ), lợi nhuận (207,5 triệu đồng/ha/vụ) cao hơn các mô hình nuôi tôm sú. Mô hình nuôi cua biển có mật độ thả nuôi trung bình 0,83 con/m2 đạt năng suất 1.619 kg/ha/vụ, lợi nhuận 82,8 triệu đồng/ha/vụ.

Nghiên cứu được hiện từ tháng 4 năm 2008 đến tháng 9 năm 2009 tại tỉnh Sóc Trăng nhằm phân tích và đánh giá các chỉ tiêu về kinh tế và kỹ thuật của mô hình nuôi tôm sú thâm canh (TC) và bán thâm canh (BTC). Mỗi mô hình chọn 15 hộ để thu thập số liệu suốt vụ nuôi. Ngoài ra, mỗi mô hình chọn 3 ao để thu mẫu và xác định sự phân bố đạm lân trong mô hình nuôi. Kết quả cho thấy năng suất trung bình của mô hình nuôi TC (7.067 kg/ha/vụ) cao hơn mô hình nuôi BTC (2.927 kg/ha/vụ) (p0,05). Lợi nhuận của mô hình nuôi TC (231 triệu đồng/ha/vụ) cao hơn ở mô hình nuôi BTC (71,6 triệu đồng/ha/vụ) (p

For the differential equation 𝑢(𝑡)=𝐴𝑢(𝑡)+𝑓(𝑡), 𝑡≥0 on a Hilbert space 𝐻, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions that the above-mentioned equation has a unique almost periodic solution. Some applications are also given.

Nghiên cứu này kiểm định thang đo đa hướng SERVPERF để đo lường chất lượng hoạt động đào tạo đại học như một dịch vụ dưới đánh giá của khách hàng là sinh viên. Đại học An Giang và sinh viên thuộc trường là các đối tượng của nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: (1) thang SERVPERF vẫn đa hướng nhưng có sự biến thái các thành phần từ đặc trưng dịch vụ sang các thành tố cung ứng dịch vụ, (2) giảng viên, cơ sở vật chất và sự tin cậy vào nhà trướng là ba yếu tố quan trọng nhất của chất lượng hoạt động đào tạo.

The purpose of this paper is to show that the set of weak solutions of the initial-boundary value problem for the linear wave equation is nonempty, connected, and compact.

This paper presents a remark on a fixed point theorem of Krasnosel'skii type. This result is applied to prove the existence of asymptotically stable solutions of nonlinear integral equations.

Acetone has attracted much attention lately as a key species in the chemistry of the cold and dry Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) as a major source of OH radicals, through its fast photolysis and subsequent reactions with O2 and NO. Authors presents a state-of-the-art quantum chemical and statistical-rate investigation of the reaction of HO2 with the acetone and demonstrate that it is an efficient acetone sink at the low temperatures of the tropopause. Preliminary results indicate that the ring-strain relaxation following the HO2 reaction to form the unstrained &alpha-hydroxy-cyclohexylperoxy radical shifts the equilibrium toward the latter to such an extent that it more that offsets the faster reactions of these cyclic ketones with OH.

Abstract Background The global initiative ‘Treatment 2.0’ calls for expanding the evidence base of optimal HIV service delivery models to maximize HIV case detection and retention in care. However limited systematic assessment has been conducted in countries with concentrated HIV epidemic. We aimed to assess HIV service availability and service connectedness in Vietnam. Methods We developed a new analytical framework of the continuum of prevention and care (COPC). Using the framework, we examined HIV service delivery in Vietnam. Specifically, we analyzed HIV service availability including geographical distribution and decentralization and service connectedness across multiple services and dimensions. We then identified system-related strengths and constraints in improving HIV case detection and retention in care. This was accomplished by reviewing related published and unpublished documents including existing service delivery data. Results Identified strengths included: decentralized HIV outpatient clinics that offer comprehensive care at the district level particularly in high HIV burden provinces; functional chronic care management for antiretroviral treatment (ART) with the involvement of people living with HIV and the links to community- and home-based care; HIV testing and counseling integrated into tuberculosis and antenatal care services in districts supported by donor-funded projects, and extensive peer outreach networks that reduce barriers for the most-at-risk populations to access services. Constraints included: fragmented local coordination mechanisms for HIV-related health services; lack of systems to monitor the expansion of HIV outpatient clinics that offer comprehensive care; underdevelopment of pre-ART care; insufficient linkage from HIV testing and counseling to pre-ART care; inadequate access to HIV-related services in districts not supported by donor-funded projects particularly in middle and low burden provinces and in mountainous remote areas; and no systematic monitoring of referral services. Conclusions Our COPC analytical framework was instrumental in identifying system-related strengths and constraints that contribute to HIV case detection and retention in care. The national HIV program plans to strengthen provincial programming by re-defining various service linkages and accelerate the transition from project-based approach to integrated service delivery in line with the ‘Treatment 2.0’ initiative.

This dataset explores the perception of happiness and job satisfaction among Vietnamese general school teachers and administrators (principals and vice-principles) in implementing a new curriculum. This study uses SPSS Statistics 26.0 and Exel to analyze data on the opinions of 782 general school teachers and administrators (principles and vice-principles) about satisfaction and happiness at work and influencing factors such as gender, age, experience, income, and workplace, workplaces, difficulties, sources of support when implementing new programs. This dataset contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing educators' well-being and job satisfaction in the context of curriculum change, providing insights into educational policy and practice in Vietnam and beyond., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifactorial challenge driven by a complex interplay of proximal drivers, such as the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials and the high burden of infectious diseases, and distal factors, encompassing broader societal conditions such as poverty, inadequate sanitation, and healthcare system deficiencies. However, distinguishing between proximal and distal drivers remains a conceptual challenge., Objectives: We conducted an umbrella review, aiming to systematically map current evidence about proximal and distal drivers of AMR and to investigate their relationships., Methods: Forty-seven reviews were analysed, and unique causal links were retained to construct a causality network of AMR. To distinguish between proximal and distal drivers, we calculated a 'driver distalness index (Di)', defined as an average relative position of a driver in its causal pathways to AMR., Results: The primary emphasis of the literature remained on proximal drivers, with fragmented existing evidence about distal drivers. The network analysis showed that proximal drivers of AMR are associated with risks of resistance transmission (Di = 0.49, SD = 0.14) and antibiotic use (Di = 0.58, SD = 0.2), which are worsened by intermediate drivers linked with challenges of antibiotic discovery (Di = 0.62, SD = 0.07), infection prevention (Di = 0.67, SD = 0.14) and surveillance (Di = 0.69, SD = 0.16). Distal drivers, such as living conditions, access to sanitation infrastructure, population growth and urbanisation, and gaps in policy implementation were development and governance challenges, acting as deep leverage points in the system in addressing AMR., Conclusions: Comprehensive AMR strategies aiming to address multiple chronic AMR challenges must take advantage of opportunities for upstream interventions that specifically address distal drivers., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hyperactive coagulation might cause dangerous complications such as portal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, has been suggested as a predictor of this process., Methods: The expression of TF and other pro- and anticoagulant genes was analyzed in xeno- and serum-free manufactured MSCs. Furthermore, culture factors affecting its expression in MSCs were investigated. Finally, coagulation tests of fibrinogen, D-dimer, aPPTs, PTs, and TTs were measured in patient serum after umbilical cord (UC)-MSC infusions to challenge a potential connection between TF expression and MSC-induced coagulant activity.  RESULTS: Xeno- and serum-free cultured adipose tissue and UC-derived MSCs expressed the highest level of TF, followed by those from dental pulp, and the lowest expression was observed in MSCs of bone marrow origin. Environmental factors such as cell density, hypoxia, and inflammation impact TF expression, so in vitro analysis might fail to reflect their in vivo behaviors. MSCs also expressed heterogeneous levels of the coagulant factor COL1A1 and surface phosphatidylserine and anticoagulant factors TFPI and PTGIR. MSCs of diverse origins induced fibrin clots in healthy plasma that were partially suppressed by an anti-TF inhibitory monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited coagulant activity in vitro despite their negative expression of TF and COL1A1. Patients receiving intravenous UC-MSC infusion exhibited a transient increase in D-dimer serum concentration, while this remained stable in the group with intrathecal infusion. There was no correlation between TF expression and D-dimer or other coagulation indicators., Conclusions: The study suggests that TF cannot be used as a solid biomarker to predict MSC-induced hypercoagulation. Local administration, prophylactic intervention with anticoagulation drugs, and monitoring of coagulation indicators are useful to prevent thrombogenic events in patients receiving MSCs. Trial registration NCT05292625. Registered March 23, 2022, retrospectively registered, https://www., Clinicaltrials: gov/ct2/show/NCT05292625?term=NCT05292625&draw=2&rank=1 . NCT04919135. Registered June 9, 2021, https://www., Clinicaltrials: gov/ct2/show/NCT04919135?term=NCT04919135&draw=2&rank=1 ., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The sorption of antibiotics on soil minerals and their cotransport have been widely studied for the past few years; however, these processes in concentrated salt solutions (estuary-like conditions) are not fully understood. This study aims to determine the possible sorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) on various natural and synthesized microsized minerals (including haematite, goethite, kaolinite, bentonite, lateritic, kaolinitic and illitic soil clays) under conditions mimicking pure, fresh, brackish and sea waters. The sorption of OTC was found to decrease in surface charge (herein zeta potential), hence altering the colloidal properties of the materials used. The sorption capacities of soil clays for OTC follow the inequality illitic soil clay > kaolinitic soil clay > lateritic soil clay, and the sorption capacities were found to decrease at higher salt concentrations. Seawater can intensify the release of the sorbed OTC from soil clay surfaces while favouring the coaggregation of the remaining OTC with soil clays. This implies that the long-range transport of OTC or other similar antibiotics can be governed by the mineralogical composition/properties of the suspended particles. More importantly, increasing salt concentrations in estuaries may form a chemical barrier at which limited amounts of OTC/antibiotics can pass through, while the remaining OTC/antibiotics can be favoured to aggregate simultaneously with suspended mineral particles., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Traditional pork value chains dominate the production and distribution of pork in Vietnam; however, the high level of microbiological contamination in pork may increase the risk of food-borne disease for consumers. There is limited evidence about how to feasibly and scalably reduce microbial contamination in pork sold in traditional markets. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of light-touch interventions for changing worker behaviour in small-scale slaughterhouses and vendors at traditional pork shops, as well as to identify risk factors for pork contamination. The intervention packages consisted of providing hygiene tools and delivering a food safety training which had been designed in a participatory way and covered 10 small-scale slaughterhouses and 29 pork shops. Pig carcasses, retailed pork, contact surfaces, and hands were sampled to measure the total bacterial count (TBC) and Salmonella contamination before, three and six weeks after the intervention, and trainee practices were observed at the same time. Linear and generalized linear mixed effects models were constructed to identify risk factors for TBC and Salmonella contamination at the slaughterhouses and pork shops. The interventions at slaughterhouses and pork shops both showed a slight reduction of TBC contamination in pig carcasses and Salmonella prevalence in retailed pork, while the TBC in retailed pork decreased only marginally. For slaughterhouses, the regression model indicated that smoking or eating during slaughtering (indicating poor hygienic practices) was associated with TBC increasing, while cleaning floors and wearing boots reduced TBC contamination. For pork shops, using rough materials (cardboard or wood) to display pork was the only factor increasing TBC contamination in pork, whereas cleaning knives was associated with lower TBC. Besides, the presence of supporters and wearing aprons reduced the probability of Salmonella contamination in pork. The findings highlight the effectiveness of light-touch interventions in reducing microbial contamination in pig carcasses at small-scale slaughterhouses and pork at traditional shops over the study period., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To present outcomes of single trocar thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of pleural empyema (PE) in children. Patients and Methods: The thoracoscopic surgery was performed using a single trocar inserted through the fifth intercostal space. A conventional rigid scope with a working channel was used. Pleural fluid was aspirated, followed by debridement and ablation of all septa using one instrument through the working channel. Results: Sixty patients from 1 month to 14 years of age underwent surgery without any intraoperative complications or death. The mean operative time was 67 ± 21 minutes. There was no conversion to open thoracotomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients. Reoperation was required in 1 patient. Mean duration of postoperative hospitalization was 15 ± 9 days. Follow-up was obtained in 57 patients and resulted in normal clinical and chest X-ray findings in all patients. Conclusion: Single trocar thoracoscopic operation is safe, feasible, and effective in the treatment of PE in children. A future study with control group is required to draw accurate conclusions.

The increasing daily use of cosmetic and personal care ingredients (CPCIs) requires improved understanding of the fate and impacts of CPCIs in environmental systems. Effects of CPCIs on colloidal properties of various geocolloids such as iron oxides (goethite, haematite), clay minerals (kaolinite, bentonite) and soil clays (kaolinitic-, illitic- and lateritic soil clays) were studied by tracking time-resolved changes in zeta potential (ζ) and observing suspended particle density. Two polymers representing anionic CPCIs, i.e., polyacrylate crosspolymer-11 (PC11) and cationic CPCIs, i.e., polyDADMAC (PD) show contrast effects on ζ and colloidal properties of the selected materials. While PC11 tended to associate with Fe oxides, PD can be adsorbed by clay minerals and soil clays. The neutralization due to the sorption of either PC11 or PD onto opposite-charge sign surface sites can lower the net surface charge of the materials, thereby enhancing electrostatic attraction, stimulating particle size growth, and eventually intensifying co-aggregation. The observed colloidal properties of iron oxides, clay minerals and soil clays under the presence of PC11 and PD may reflect what are happening in many aquatic environments where CPCIs co-exist with various mineral colloids. Therein, CPCIs likely delay the transport of the opposite-charge sign colloids, while they increase the dispersibility and transportability of the same-charge sign colloids. This implies that intensifying presence of a given CPCI could have selective effects on colloid systems. As a whole, CPCIs can change the fate and the final destination of mineral colloids and themselves; therefore, their effects and relevant treatment techniques need to be included into the future agenda., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aimed to identify the density of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD34+ cells in the bone marrow of patients with three neurologic conditions., Methods: The study included 88 patients with three neurologic conditions: 40 with cerebral palsy (CP) due to oxygen deprivation (OD), 23 with CP related to neonatal icterus (NI), and 25 with neurological sequelae after traumatic brain injury. Bone marrow aspiration was conducted from the patients' bilateral anterior iliac crest under general anesthesia in an operating theater. MNCs were isolated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation and then infused intrathecally., Results: There was a significant difference in the average MNC per ml and percentage of CD34+ cells by the type of disease, age group, and infusion time (p value < 0.05). The multivariable regression model showed the percentage of CD34+ association with the outcome (gross motor function 88 items- GMFM-88) in patients with CP., Conclusions: The density of MNCs was 5.22 million cells per mL and 5.03% CD34+ cells in patients with three neurologic conditions. The highest density of MNCs in each ml of bone marrow was found in patients with CP due to OD, whereas the percentage of CD34+ cells was the highest among patients with CP related to NI., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Hormone imbalance and female sexual dysfunction immensely affect perimenopausal female health and quality of life. Hormone therapy can improve female hormone deficiency, but long-term use increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel effective treatment to achieve long-term improvement in female general and sexual health. This study reviewed factors affecting syndromes of female sexual dysfunction and its current therapy options. Next, the authors introduced research data on mesenchymal stromal cell/mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to treat female reproductive diseases, including Asherman's syndrome, premature ovarian failure/primary ovarian insufficiency, and vaginal atrophy. Among adult tissue-derived MSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as the most potent therapeutic cell therapy due to their abundant presence in the stromal vascular fraction of fat, high proliferation capacity, superior immunomodulation, and strong secretion profile of regenerative factors. Potential mechanisms and side effects of ASCs for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction will be discussed. Our phase I clinical trial has demonstrated the safety of autologous ASC therapy for women and men with sexual hormone deficiency. We designed the first randomized controlled crossover phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous ASCs to treat female sexual dysfunction in perimenopausal women. Here, we introduce the rationale, trial design, and methodology of this clinical study. Because aging and metabolic diseases negatively impact the bioactivity of adult-derived MSCs, this study will use ASCs cultured in physiological oxygen tension (5%) to cope with these challenges. A total of 130 perimenopausal women with sexual dysfunction will receive two intravenous infusions of autologous ASCs in a crossover design. The aims of the proposed study are to evaluate 1) the safety of cell infusion based on the frequency and severity of adverse events/serious adverse events during infusion and follow-up and 2) improvements in female sexual function assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL), and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol. In addition, cellular aging biomarkers, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), p16 and p21 expression in T cells and the inflammatory cytokine profile, will also be characterized. Overall, this study will provide essential insights into the effects and potential mechanisms of ASC therapy for perimenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. It also suggests direction and design strategies for future research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hoang, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen and Nguyen Thanh.)

Colloid-sized microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and can share the same transport route together with various crystalline, poorly crystalline and freshly formed iron oxides. However, the colloidal interactions between these colloid constituents are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate the colloidal properties of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) under the influence of haematite, goethite, ferrihydrite and freshly formed Fe oxide (FFFO). Dynamic light scattering was coupled with a test tube method to observe changes in the surface charge and colloidal dynamics of suspensions of PSMPs and Fe oxides. The overall effects on the aggregation of PSMPs are found to decrease in the following order: FFFO > ferrihydrite > goethite > haematite. The effects of these Fe oxides are found to strongly depend on pH. While the crystalline oxides play a dominant role in the acidic environment, poorly crystalline oxides show greater effects on PSMP aggregation in an alkaline environment. Heteroaggregation due to decreasing electrostatic interactions is the major mechanism that governs the colloidal dynamics of PSMPs and Fe oxides. It can be inferred that the copresence of Fe oxides and MPs can delay the transport of MPs or even change the destination for MPs., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Trichinellosis and cysticercosis remain challenges to human health and animal productivity worldwide, especially in developing countries. While information on the occurrence of both diseases is infrequent, they are endemic in parts of Vietnam and mainly related to indigenous pigs kept by ethnic minorities. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of both diseases in indigenous pigs and explore the perception and awareness of both human and pig trichinellosis and cysticercosis of pig farmers. A total of 352 pig sera samples from 131 holdings were collected and analyzed using ELISA antibody tests in six communes in the Da Bac districts of Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. A survey was conducted with representatives from these households to understand the knowledge and perspective on food-borne parasitic diseases. Overall, the seroprevalence of trichinellosis and T. solium cysticercosis was 13.6% (95% CI 10.2-17.7) and 1.7% (95% CI 0.6-3.7), respectively. The seroprevalence of trichinellosis was significantly higher in female and older pigs. Risk perception and knowledge of interviewed people on both human and pig trichinellosis and cysticercosis of pig farmers was poor. Risky practices, including free roaming of pigs and eating undercooked or fermented pork, were observed. Educational and awareness campaigns aligned with further research on feasible practice changes are critical to addressing these issues.

Anti- N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is caused by altered patient immune reactions. This study reports the first patient with severe neurologic sequelae after NMDA receptor encephalitis treated with allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs). A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with NMDA receptor encephalitis and treated with immunosuppressive medicaments and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Despite intensive therapy, the patient's condition worsened so that allogenic UC-MSC therapy was contemplated. The patient received three intrathecal infusions of xeno- and serum-free cultured UC-MSCs at a dose of 10 6 cells/kg. At baseline and after each UC-MSC administration, the patient was examined by the German Coma Recovery Scale (CRS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Denver II test. Before cell therapy, she was in a permanent vegetative state with diffuse cerebral atrophy. Her cognition and motor functions improved progressively after three UC-MSC infusions. At the last visit, she was capable of walking, writing, and counting numbers. Control of urinary and bowel functions was completely recovered. Cerebral atrophy was reduced on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Overall, the outcomes of this patient suggest a potential cell therapy for autoimmune encephalitis and its neurological consequences.

Background: We have observed an increased expression of negative markers in some clinical-grade, xeno- and serum-free cultured adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (ADMSC) samples. It gave rise to concern that xeno- and serum-free conditions might have unexpected effects on human ADMSCs. This study aims to test this hypothesis for two xeno- and serum-free media, PowerStem MSC1 media (PS) and StemMACS MSC Expansion Media (SM), that support the in vitro expansion of ADMSCs., Methods: We investigated the expression of negative markers in 42 clinical-grade ADMSC samples expanded in PS. Next, we cultured ADMSCs from seven donors in PS and SM and examined their growth and colony-forming ability, surface marker expression, differentiation, cell cycle and senescence, as well as genetic stability of two passages representing an early and late passage for therapeutic MSCs., Results: 15 of 42 clinical-grade PS-expanded ADMSC samples showed an increased expression of negative markers ranging from 2.73% to 34.24%, which positively correlated with the age of donors. This rise of negative markers was related to an upregulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen - DR (HLA-DR). In addition, the PS-cultured cells presented decreased growth ability, lower frequencies of cells in S/G2/M phases, and increased ß-galactosidase activity in passage 7 suggesting their senescent feature compared to those grown in SM. Although MSCs of both PS and SM cultures were capable of multilineage differentiation, the PS-cultured cells demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities in passage 7 compared to the normal karyotype of their SM counterparts., Conclusions: These findings suggest that the SM media is more suitable for the expansion of therapeutic ADMSCs than PS. The study also hints a change of ADMSC features at more advanced passages and with increased donor's age. Thus, it emphasizes the necessity to cover these aspects in the quality control of therapeutic MSC products., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Sexual functional deficiency occurs at some point in life and becomes a problematic issue in middle-aged adulthood. Regenerative medicine, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, has developed extensively, with preclinical and clinical trials emphasizing the benefits of stem cell therapy for restoration of sexual deficiency. This study was designed to develop a new therapeutic stem cell treatment for people with sexual functional deficiency., Methods: Thirty-one patients, including 15 males and 16 females with a medical history of reduced sexual activity, met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, phase I/IIa clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADSC) were isolated by type I collagenase digestion and cultured at the Stem Cell Core Facility under ISO 14644-1. Each participant received 1 million cells/kg of body weight via the intravenous route. Safety was evaluated by assessing the occurrence of adverse events or severe adverse events. Efficacy was assessed in males by monitoring testosterone levels and administering the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire and in females by monitoring anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and administering the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) questionnaire at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-transplantation., Results: There was no occurrence of severe adverse events after ADSC administration in our study. Post-transplantation sexual satisfaction was observed in all patients enrolled in this study. Testosterone levels in males increased soon after transplantation and were maintained at high levels for up to 6 months before decreasing again at the 12-month follow-up. No significant changes in AMH, FSH or E2 levels were recorded in female patients., Conclusions: Autologous ADSC infusion is a potential therapeutic option for patients with reduced sexual activity, especially for male patients., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03346967, Registered November 20, 2017., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Pork and pork products are important staple food in the diet of Vietnamese consumers. The safety of pork, including biological contamination, is a concern to several public authorities and value chain actors. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify Salmonella and total bacterial count (TBC) contamination of cut pork sold in different outlets, and determine the potential factors leading to contamination. A total of 671 pork samples were collected from different retail channels in three provinces in Northern Vietnam. Hygiene conditions and practices at pork vending premises were also observed and recorded. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Overall, Salmonella prevalence in retailed pork was 58.1%. Salmonella contamination in pork from traditional retail, modern retail and food services were 60.5%, 50.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Eighty percent and 68% of fresh pork in canteen and street food was contaminated with Salmonella. Only a small proportion of a subset of the pork samples (6.2%) tested met the Vietnamese standard requirement for TBC contamination. Average concentration of TBC in fresh pork in traditional retail, modern retail and food services were 6.51 (SD: 0.64), 6.38 (0.65), and 6.96 (0.85) LogCFU/g, respectively. Transport time, use of the same tools for pork and other types of meat, storage temperature, and environment hygiene are important factors that might affect microbial contamination. The findings underline the high level of microbial contamination, which requires practical interventions to improve food safety hygiene practices and behavior of pork retailers., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation combined with educational intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. An open-label clinical trial was performed from July 2017 to August 2019 at Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Thirty children who fulfilled the autism criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and had Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores >37 were selected. Bone marrow was harvested by anterior iliac crest puncture under general anesthesia. The volume collected was as follows: 8 mL/kg for patients under 10 kg (80 mL + [body weight in kg - 10] × 7 mL) for patients above 10 kg. Mononuclear cells were isolated with a Ficoll gradient and then infused intrathecally. The same procedure was repeated 6 months later. After the first transplantation, all patients underwent 8 weeks of educational intervention based on the Early Start Denver Model. There were no severe adverse events associated with transplantation. The severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was significantly reduced, with the median CARS score decreasing from 50 (range 40-55.5) to 46.5 (range 33.5-53.5) (P < .05). Adaptive capacity increased, with the median Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales score rising from 53.5 to 60.5. Social communication, language, and daily skills improved markedly within 18 months after transplantation. Conversely, repetitive behaviors and hyperactivity decreased remarkably. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in combination with behavioral intervention was safe and well tolerated in children with ASD (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03225651)., (© 2020 The Authors. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of AlphaMed Press.)

This study described the prevalence of suicidal behaviors and depression among adolescents in Hanoi, Vietnam, and examines the associated factors. In 2019, a school-based survey was conducted in three high schools in Hanoi and 661 high students were included into the study. We found that the prevalence of 12-month suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts were 14.2%, 5.5%, and 3.0% respectively. Notably, the depression score mean was 16.1±4.9, among major predictors of suicidal ideation. Therefore, developing psychological care services in school is imperative to the early detection of mental disorders and the prevention of suicidal behaviors for the students., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2020.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to report the technical details, early outcomes, and lessons learned from laparoscopic repair of 190 cases of choledochal cyst., Method: The operation was performed using 4 ports. The cystic duct was identified and divided. The liver was elevated by 2 stay-sutures: one on the round ligament and the other on the distal cystic duct. The choledochal cyst was isolated and removed completely, and then biliary-digestive continuity was reestablished., Results: From January 2007 to April 2009, 190 patients were operated on. There were 144 girls and 46 boys. Ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years (mean, 46.9 +/- 29.3 months). Cyst diameter ranged from 10 to 184 mm. A total of 106 patients were classified as Todani type I cysts, and 84 were type IV. Cystic excision and hepaticoduodenostomy were performed in 133 patients and hepaticojejunostomy in 57 patients. The operating time varied from 70 to 505 minutes (mean, 186 minutes). Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients. Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in 4 patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 7 patients, resolving spontaneously in 6 and requiring a second operation in 1. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 5 to 27 days (mean, 7.2 +/- 3.3 days). Follow-up occurred between 1 and 24 months postdischarge (mean, 9 +/- 2.2 months) and was obtained in 161 patients (84.7%). Of these patients, cholangitis occurred in 4 patients (2.4%)., Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair is a safe and effective procedure for choledochal cyst.

The aim of this study was to analyse the vascular and biliary complications on the first 361 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in a university digestive surgery unit. The rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomies increased from 17% in 1991 to 65% in 1995. The conversion rate was 18%. Laparoscopy was almost always converted for cholecystitis. Nine operative complications were observed, 6 hemorrhages, and 3 biliary complications with section of the common bile duct in one case. All these lesions were treated by laparotomy with good results. Six postoperative biliary complications were observed. Symptoms were pain (n = 6), fever (n = 2), jaundice (n = 1), and a choleperitoneum at ultrasound examination (n = 4). In one case a choleperitoneum was drained with an uneventful course. The other patients were reoperated (3 bile leakage of the cystic duct or the gallbladder plate, and 2 partial injuries of the common bile duct) with good results. Complication rates were higher in cholecystitis (P = 0,02) but were similar according to the experience of the surgeon. These results, similar to those of a British independent audit suggest than conversion and complication rates are higher than those reported in most of the multicentre studies. However, in all but one of the patients, the lesions were benign. The only common bile duct section was recognized at laparoscopy and repaired by open operation with a good result.