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We evaluated the effectiveness of a school‐based, educational theater program (i.e., MyPlate Musical) on nutrition/exercise knowledge of elementary student performers and viewers. Data were collected in four elementary schools with high percentages of Latinos and students eligible for free/reduced price meals. In Schools 1–3, pretest and posttest data were used from a total of 425 viewers and 220 performers. At School 4, 267 viewers and 75 performers served as their own control. Results indicated that student performers and student viewers of the theatrical performances had increased general nutrition/exercise knowledge and MyPlate knowledge from pretest to posttest and the effects were stronger in the treatment group than the control group. Educational theater appears to be a viable method to increase nutrition/exercise knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federally funded school meals, such as the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program, can help alleviate food insecurity. Meals served as part of these programs are required by law to be modified when medically necessary, such as food allergies and special diets. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused many schools across the United States to close, but schools quickly modified meal-serving models. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of school nutrition professionals relative to food safety and providing special diets through modified serving models. A survey was distributed to a convenience sample of child nutrition professionals via social media recruitment and e-mails (n = 504). The survey had both closed-ended questions and one open-ended question exploring food safety and special diet accommodations. At the time of the survey, most respondents (68.3%) had been involved in COVID-19 emergency feeding for 3 to 4 weeks. Results indicated that although most child nutrition professionals did not find food safety easier or more difficult during the initial onset of COVID-19, 34.8% of respondents were not taking food temperatures for hot and cold meals during meal service and were not able to obtain (or did not have enough) equipment necessary for holding hot foods (53.0%). Most respondents (60.2%) also indicated that they were not accommodating children with special diets. Themes from the qualitative analysis indicated participants had challenges obtaining specialty items, had little time to make accommodations, or had a limited supply from vendors to accommodate these diets. To prevent food insecurity and to maintain health during the pandemic, specific solutions for at-risk populations, such as those who experience food allergies, must be considered. COVID-19 changed school meal distribution in the early onset of the pandemic. During emergencies, modified serving models can address food safety concerns and special diets. School nutrition professionals were struggling to accommodate special diets. Specific solutions for populations needing special diets should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's diets can have major implications for a wide range of diseases and their development outcomes. In Africa, micronutrient deficiency remains a major challenge and affects the health and development of vulnerable populations, especially children. A major effort to combat micronutrient deficiency has targeted biofortification of staple foods, with greatest potential being registered in the enrichment of, among others, sweetpotato with beta carotene—a precursor for vitamin A. However, overcoming vitamin A deficiency is made all the more complicated by children's general resistance to unfamiliar foods. We report the results of a field experiment in Nigerian schools designed to use behavioral techniques to promote consumption of an unfamiliar food: the pro-vitamin A rich orange-fleshed sweetpotato. We find that children eat more, on average, when the sweetpotato is introduced alongside behavioral nudges such as songs or association with aspirational figures. These results appear to conform to results found in a developed country context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aside the direct effect on GDP at the macro level, the microeconomic impacts of undernutrition are also manifested in lower educational outcomes, reduced productivity and reduced lifetime earnings. This study sought to examine the effect of child malnutrition on learning outcomes by exploiting a nationally representative panel data which allow us to control for child-level unobserved heterogeneity in Ghana. Using a random-effects and Poisson estimations, this study shows that while current malnutrition affects children's learning outcomes negatively, its effect may disappear in the future, especially with the implementation of appropriate interventions. The study concludes that while nutrition matters for learning outcomes, so do other educational inputs. Results are, however, differentiated by individual and household characteristics, including gender and locality. The evidence from this study serves as a useful tool for improving policies and programmes that focus on early feeding practices among pre-schoolers and improved nutrition of children of school-going age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides >30 million meals to children daily; however, the specific nutrient composition of NSLP-selected and consumed meals for students from lower income and racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds is unknown. Aims: To quantify the nutrients in school lunch selection and consumption among students participating in the NSLP and compare these values to nutrient recommendations. Method: Students (1st–5th graders; 98.6% from racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds; 92.5% NSLP participation) from six Title I elementary schools serving universal free meals participated. Digital images of students' lunch meal selection and consumption were obtained (n = 1,102 image pairs). Plate waste analyses quantified portions consumed. Nutrient composition of students' lunch selection and consumption were calculated and compared with the 2010 Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act and 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Results: Most lunches selected (59%–97%) met recommendations for all nutrients except for total calories (23%), vitamin C (46%), and dietary fiber (48%). Based on lunch consumption, most students' lunches met recommendations for sodium (98%), protein (55%), calories from fat (82%), and saturated fat (89%); however, few met recommendations for total calories (5%), calcium (8%), iron (11%), vitamin A (18%), vitamin C (16%), and fiber (7%). Discussion: Meals selected met most nutrient recommendations for the majority of children; yet overall consumption patterns reflect suboptimal nutrient intake. Conclusion: Meals served under the NSLP policy mandates align with recommended nutrient patterns, highlighting the importance of maintaining these standards. Strategies to optimize children's intake of nutrient-rich portions of these meals are needed to optimize policy impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article gives information of auction of Cardiff Met Zero2Five Food Industry Centre – Stationery by Zero2Five Food Industry.

Since the social value of these services is higher than their cost (the difference is the surplus, shared between the producer and the consumer), the full value of the economy of countries with strong public systems tends to be greater than the GDP numbers might suggest. At a bare minimum, we should agree that all else being equal, slower GDP growth or decreasing GDP hurts most people in poor and rich countries alike - we witness hard evidence of that during every recession. Social value and provisioning can be increased without rising commodity production Proponents of growth work so hard to defend their vision of ever-rising GDP because on some level they believe that GDP represents social use-value and provisioning, in other words, access to the things we need to live well. Also, higher GDP correlates with large tax revenues, and GDP growth correlates with higher fiscal space, and therefore a greater ability of governments to invest in the infrastructure needed to decarbonize the economy. Even though economic models do not explicitly represent technological change and productivity growth (the "manna from heaven" Jason refers to), it remains true that transforming current economies into zero-carbon economies is expected to have a minor, almost negligible, effect on GDP. [Extracted from the article]

We examine the relationship between children's participation in the Nutrition Improvement Programme (NIP) and household education expenditure on students under compulsory education in rural China. We find that participating in the school feeding programme can significantly increase household investment in children's education, especially in-school education expenditure. This positive relationship may be mediated by family economic status, parental time investment in children's education, and children's health status and cognitive ability. There is considerable heterogeneity in the impacts of the school feeding programme across subsamples. In general, male children and children from disadvantaged families, such as those in low- and middle-income households, those with less educated parents, and those left behind by migrant parents, are likely to benefit more from the school feeding programme. We also find suggestive evidence of intrahousehold resource reallocation away from eligible female children in response to the school feeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on food banks activity in the U.S. Topics include role of programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), as well as private assistance programs in decreasing food insecurity; food banks and their agency partners dependency on volunteers and how they face challenges to hire volunteers during the pandemic; and changes in food bank operations using a client choice model which has been widely accepted for several reasons.

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Sustainability transitions governance needs to be inclusive and participatory and the question of justice is crucial for making effective and acceptable changes possible. But how do we ensure adequate participation in governance processes and enable reconciliation between competing goals in relation to sustainability transitions? Transition management highlights the need for participatory and reflexive governance processes to enable sustainability transitions. However, due to participant selection and limitations in chosen approaches, deliberative and participatory forums may have difficulties ensuring justice and legitimacy. A systemic and practice-oriented perspective on deliberation points to the need to widen deliberative activities and analysis on multiple sites, but the connection to transition governance and justice remains weak. In the context of food systems, various movements and networks, such as alternative food networks, food-policy councils, and foodsovereignty movements, work to create a more just and sustainable food system. They form an interesting manifestation for participation in just food governance and can provide new ideas for the development of more equitable governance practices. We analyze studies on civil society participation in food-system transitions to develop understanding of how to improve just transition governance. Based on this investigation, more just sustainability transition governance requires systemic and reflexive deliberation that is also capable of accounting for the role of social movements. There furthermore is a need for institutional arrangements to support this kind of decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food education has been particularly focused upon the school-lunch issues. To further enhancement of food education, the private sector is expected to play a role in this area. Thus, this paper investigated the consciousness and challenges of food education programs as a CSR activity conducted by dairy manufacturers in Japan, which has been little explored despite having a long history of food education and playing an important role. Based on a questionnaire survey to dairy manufacturers in Japan, we employed a factor analysis and regression model and found that small manufacturers are likely to less active than larger manufacturers. Thus, more collective action of the dairy industry will be effective with knowledge and experience sharing among the manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social distancing is a matter of individuals' choices as well as of regulation. We analyse weekly panel data on such behaviour for English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs) from March to July 2020, paying attention to the influence of poverty, as measured by free school meals provision. Panel regressions suggest that, although more stringent regulation and slightly lagged local cases of infection increase social distancing, both effects are weaker in UTLAs with higher levels of poverty, in part because of poor housing, and also because shortage of money has forced the poor to keep working. Thus motivated, we develop a two-class (rich/poor) model, in which a Nash non-cooperative equilibrium arises from individual choices in a regulatory regime with penalties for non-compliance. The model yields results in keeping with the empirical findings, indicating the desirability of generous measures to furlough workers in low-paid jobs as a complement to the stringency of general regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explored facilitators, barriers and perceived changes related to programme participation and utilisation among 69 parents of young children who attended a Positive Deviance/Hearth (PDH) programme alone or a PDH programme alongside an Economic Development (PDH/ED) programme to improve child nutrition in rural Bangladesh. Family support stimulated participation in the programmes, while a lack of understanding of the programme's objectives could hinder the effective assets utilisation provided by the ED programme to improve child nutrition. Improvement in child nutritional status was frequently observed in both groups. Proactive engagement and elevated self‐esteem were distinctively reported in the PDH/ED group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percentage and average score of eighth-grade students in NAEP geography, by students' confidence in geography knowledge and skills index score category: 2018. Student demographics and teacher characteristics as predictors of elementary-age students' history knowledge: Implications for teacher education and practice. When the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) program releases its reports on student achievement in various subjects, the data are added to the NAEP Data Explorer (NDE) website.[1] The NDE offers tools to visualize students' achievement patterns over time. The underutilization of NAEP geography data was a factor in geography's elimination from the 2019 to 2029 NAEP testing schedule (Solem and Stoltman [41]). [Extracted from the article]

This study evaluated the nutritional, economic, and environmental impacts of a Meatless Monday (MM) National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in a large urban US school district. After averaging the nutrient content of entrees across the week and comparing changes relative to recommendations, there were no pre-post differences >15%. Monday entrees offered post-MM required considerably less water to produce (−51%) and were associated with fewer greenhouse gas emissions (−74%). The MM program had little impact on entrée cost (−2.5%). Further research is needed to determine how MM program goals can be achieved within the NSLP context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we present the long-run gains of adopting a nutritious school meal program for Swedish children. During the 1960s, Sweden rolled out a universal program that provided nutritious school lunches free of charge to all children in Swedish primary schools. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3 percent greater life-time earnings. This effect was greater for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the school lunch program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offering school meals free of charge to all students, regardless of income, helps reduce the stigma associated with participating in school meals and brings the educational and health benefits of school meals to all children regardless of eligibility. Mr. Butcher's essay ignores the extensive research that links participation in school meals to positive educational and health outcomes for children. Of the families certified for reduced-price school meals, 23 percent were eligible for reduced-price meals and 31 percent were actually eligible for I free i school meals (USDA FNS, 2003). [Extracted from the article]

FitzSimons may be concerned about students feeling "stigma" from participating in means-tested meal programs today, but that diverts attention away from improper payments and food waste and school meal expansions to children who are not in need. Episodes of so-called lunch-shaming, where school officials embarrass students whose parents have accumulated lunch debt by not paying for their child's school meals, demonstrate poor judgment on the part of school employees. Permanently expanding federal school meal eligibility to include all students only eliminates payment problems by making all meals the responsibility of taxpayers rather than parents by creating a new entitlement program for non-poor students. School meal fraud wastes taxpayer dollars and reduces the amount of money school officials can use to help more children in need. [Extracted from the article]

Healthy School Meals for All also increases participation in school breakfast and lunch (Logan et al., 2014), which allows school nutrition finances to benefit from economies of scale. School meal debt occurs when children who are not certified for free school meals arrive in the cafeteria without money in their school lunch account or cash in hand to pay for their meal. Healthy School Meals for All eliminates the concerning practices that schools implement in response to unpaid school meal fees and the financial burden upon schools and families. The federal School Nutrition Programs - the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP) - are the largest federal child nutrition programs. [Extracted from the article]

Under this provision, a school could have zero students from low-income families and offer taxpayer-funded meals to all their middle- and upper-income students because of the economic status of students enrolled in neighboring schools. Policies that expand student eligibility for federal school meals require taxpayers from different income levels to pay for free school meals for students from middle- and upper-income homes. The notion that expanded eligibility would eliminate local school meal debts is an economic fallacy - permanently expanding student eligibility simply shifts local school meal debts, generally caused by parents not paying for school meals, from local and state taxpayers to federal taxpayers. [Extracted from the article]

Fortified fruit juice represents a growing segment in the otherwise contracting juice industry. Health concerns and changing food policy have driven US consumers to demand fruit juice fortified with micronutrients. Fruit-juice manufacturers have responded by expanding their portfolio to include juice products fortified with vitamins and minerals. This study is the first to analyze determinants of US household expenditures on fortified fruit juice. Collectively, results indicate fruit-juice fortification is a viable strategy for improving public health among demographic subgroups that are disproportionately vulnerable or at-risk for nutrient deficiencies. Findings suggest that fruit-juice manufacturers' fortification efforts are improving the nutritional intake of toddlers and children but are less effective at reaching other demographic subgroups (rural and minority-headed households) with high nutrient-deficiency incidence. Manufacturers should consider employing targeted marketing and outreach efforts to maximize improvement in dietary quality among fruit-juice consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If children are our future, and an empty belly inhibits learning, then leadership in tackling food insecurities should be of paramount concern -- globally. COVID has invariably created interruptions in normal food distribution, however, as economies recover and children return to the classroom, those regions in the world that tackle this subject may prove to offer the leadership needed in schools to be emulated on a universal basis. One such entity focuses on providing high-quality school lunches -- the midday meal -- for its students: Akshaya Patra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to explore teachers’ pedagogical practices in Food and Health (FH) meals and school lunches in Norwegian primary schools. This is a qualitative case study of three schools in Western Norway. The data were collected from observations of sixth-grade FH education, school lunches, and individual interviews with teachers and head teachers. Three categories were identified for institutional foodscapes: 1) organisational, 2) physical, and 3) social space. These foodscapes work to explain how teachers’ pedagogical practices are affected differently during the two meals. A clear difference was observed between teachers’ pedagogical practices in the FH meal and the school lunch. In the FH meal, the teachers took on different roles where the teacher communicated socially with the pupils and educated them. During the school lunch, the role of the teacher is observed to be more passive (or withdrawn), where the teachers mainly addressed the students in order to correct behaviour. Conclusion: The results emphasise that a clearer policy for meals in schools should be established where attention is paid to the teacher’s role as a pedagogue during meals in facilitating the pupils’ development of health-promoting eating habits and social competence during meals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International food standards set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), have become more prominent in international trade politics, since being referenced by various World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. We examine how this impacts implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. Methods: Using trade in commercial milk formulas (CMFs) as a case study, we collected detailed data on interventions across various WTO bodies between 1995 and 2019. We used language from these interventions to guide data collection on member state and observer positions during the CAC review of the Codex Standard for Follow-up Formula (CSFUF), and during CAC discussions on the relevance of WHO policies and guidelines. Results: Exporting member states made 245 interventions regarding CMFs at the WTO, many citing deviations from standards set by the CAC. These did not occur in formal disputes, but in WTO Committee and Accession processes, toward many countries. In Thailand, complaints are linked to weakened regulation. Exporters also sought to narrow the CSFUF at the CAC in a way that is at odds with recommendations in the International Code. Tensions are growing more broadly within the CAC regarding relevance of WHO recommendations. Countries coordinated during WTO committee processes to advocate for reapportioning core WHO funding to the CAC and in order to further influence standard-setting. Conclusion: The commercial interests of the baby food industry are magnifying inconsistencies between health guidelines set by the WHO, standard-setting at the CAC, and functions of the WTO. This poses serious concerns for countries' abilities to regulate in the interests of public health, in this case to protect breastfeeding and its benefits for the health of infants, children and mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) are increasing throughout Africa, driven by urbanisation and changing food environments. Policy action has been limited - and influenced by high income countries. Socio-economic/political environments of African food systems must be considered in order to understand what policy might work to prevent NR-NCDs, for whom, and under what circumstances. Methods: A realist synthesis of five policy areas to support healthier food consumption in urban Africa: regulating trade/foreign investment; regulating health/nutrition claims/labels; setting composition standards for processed foods; restricting unhealthy food marketing; and school food policy. We drew upon Ghana and Kenya to contextualise the evidence base. Programme theories were generated by stakeholders in Ghana/Kenya. A two-stage search interrogated MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. Programme theories were tested and refined to produce a synthesised model. Results: The five policies operate through complex, inter-connected pathways moderated by global-, national- and local contexts. Consumers and the food environment interact to enable/disable food accessibility, affordability and availability. Consumer relationships with each other and retailers are important contextual influences, along with political/ economic interests, stakeholder alliances and globalized trade. Coherent laws/regulatory frameworks and government capacities are fundamental across all policies. The increasing importance of convenience is shaped by demographic and sociocultural drivers. Awareness of healthy diets mediates food consumption through comprehension, education, literacy and beliefs. Contextualised data (especially food composition data) and inter-sectoral collaboration are critical to policy implementation. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that coherent action across the five policy areas could positively influence the healthiness of food environments and consumption in urban Africa. However, drivers of (un)healthy food environments and consumption reflect the complex interplay of socio-economic and political drivers acting at diverse geographical levels. Stakeholders at local, national, and global levels have important, yet differing, roles to play in ensuring healthy food environments and consumption in urban Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global food system is not delivering affordable, healthy, diverse diets, which are needed to address malnutrition in all its forms for sustainable development. This will require policy change across the economic sectors that govern food systems, including agriculture, trade, finance, commerce and industry -- a goal that has been beset by political challenges. These sectors have been strongly influenced by entrenched policy agendas and paradigms supported by influential global actors such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Methods: This study draws on the concept of path dependency to examine how historical economic policy agendas and paradigms have influenced current food and nutrition policy and politics in Ghana. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 29 relevant policy actors, and documentary data were collected from current policies, academic and grey literature, historical budget statements and World Bank Group Archives (1950-present). Results: Despite increased political priority for nutrition in Ghana, its integration into food policy remains limited. Food policy agendas are strongly focused on production, employment and economic returns, and existing market-based incentives do not support a nutrition-sensitive food supply. This policy focus appears to be rooted in a liberal economic approach to food policy arising from structural adjustment in the 1980s and trade liberalization in the 1990s, combined with historical experience of 'failure' of food policy intervention and an entrenched narrowly economic conception of food security. Conclusion: This study suggests that attention to policy paradigms, in addition to specific points of policy change, will be essential for improving the outcomes of food systems for nutrition. An historical perspective can provide food and health policy-makers with insights to foster the revisioning of food policy to address multiple national policy objectives, including nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comprehensive nutrition policies are required urgently to help transform food systems to more equitably deliver healthy, sustainable diets. Methods: Literature was searched systematically for nutrition policies of the then 34 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members as part of a scoping study. Recently, results were re-analysed, against the NOURISHING framework. Results: Twenty-three nutrition policy documents were identified for 19 jurisdictions. Most policy actions focused on the behaviour change communication domain: all (100%) promoted consumption of 'healthy' choices. In the food environment domain, most policies included food labelling (84%), product reformulation (68%), providing healthy foods in public institutions (89%, mainly schools), and restricting food advertising (53%), largely through voluntary codes. Relatively few economic tools were being applied. There was very little focus on reducing consumption of 'unhealthy' food or drinks. Not all nutrition policy actions identified were covered by the NOURISHING framework. Conclusion: The NOURISHING framework could be expanded to more comprehensively encompass the health and sustainability dimensions of food systems, eg, by detailing optimum governance arrangements. As recently as seven years ago, half of the most developed economies globally did not have a publicly available nutrition policy. Existing policies were dominated by conventional nutrition education approaches, while policy actions targeting food environments, and regulatory and legislative reforms, were rare. This is consistent with a neo-liberal approach centring individual responsibility. No examples of the multi-strategy, inter-sectoral, coordinated, evidence-based policies required to drive systemic transformation were identified. Therefore, it is not surprising that rates of obesity and diet-related conditions have continued to rise in these jurisdictions, nor that governments are currently off-track to deliver the systemic transformation required to meet relevant global health and sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"College hunger" has received a great deal of attention in the media and on some campuses across the US. In this article, I consider the question: Are college students more likely to be food insecure than those of similar ages who are not in college? To answer this question, I use data from the 2014 to 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS), the data used for the official food insecurity rates in the US. Across many specifications, I find zero evidence that college students are at higher risk of food insecurity than nonstudents. This holds whether one looks at those between the ages of eighteen and twenty‐five or between twenty‐six and thirty; whether one looks at "person is a child of the respondent" or "person is not a child of the respondent"; or whether one looks at demographic categories. In fact, food insecurity rates are up to twice as high among nonstudents in comparison to full‐time college students. Related Content: School meals and quality of household food acquisitions Related Content: Did state-mandated restrictions on sugar-sweetened drinks in California high schools increase soda purchases in school neighborhoods? Related Content: Did the New School Meal Standards Improve the Overall Quality of Children's Diets? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School meals provide nourishment to a large portion of US schoolchildren. Research has examined the relationship between the consumption of school meals and the quality of schoolchildren's diets, with little emphasis on studying spillovers at the household level. Using National Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey data and unconditional quantile regression, we study the relationship between a household's quality of food‐at‐home acquisitions and the number of school meals acquired, subsampling households by their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation status. We do not find strong evidence supporting beneficial spillovers of school meals on a household's quality of food‐at‐home acquisitions. JEL CLASSIFICATION: C31; D12; I14; Q18 Related Content: Did the New School Meal Standards Improve the Overall Quality of Children's Diets? Related Content: Are College Students More Likely to Be Food Insecure than Nonstudents of Similar Ages? Related Content: Did State-Mandated Restrictions on Sugar-Sweetened Drinks in California High Schools Increase Soda Purchases in School Neighborhoods? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School meal programs represent the second largest form of food assistance in the United States. Schools receive federal reimbursements, totaling $17 billion in 2018, provided they meet certain nutritional standards. The Healthy Hunger‐Free Kids Act (HHFKA) updated these standards beginning with 2012–2013 school year. We document the impact of consuming school‐prepared food, rather than home‐prepared food, on diet quality pre‐ and postpolicy reform. Pre‐HHFKA, school food increased dietary quality for relatively disadvantaged children, with null‐to‐negative effects among all other students. Post‐HHFKA, significant improvements are observed across the entire distribution of dietary quality, mainly driven by older, higher‐income students. Related Content: School meals and quality of household food acquisitions Related Content: Did state-mandated restrictions on sugar-sweetened drinks in California high schools increase soda purchases in school neighborhoods? Related Content: Are College Students More Likely to Be Food Insecure than Nonstudents of Similar Ages? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores how leaders of new public high schools – one charter and two innovation schools – navigated the journey from school-in-theory to school-in-practice during the school's first three years. School leaders at charter and innovation schools have increased freedom over curriculum, budget, scheduling and personnel when compared to leaders in traditional public schools. Design/methodology/approach: Using case study research, this qualitative, multisite study of school leaders at three schools in an urban district in Colorado examined the realities leaders experienced during the first three years of their schools. School leaders participated in semi-structured interviews, which were coded and analyzed for data individual to each school and across the three schools. Initial school design plans and district accountability data were also reviewed. Findings: The study identified two distinct challenges for leaders of these new schools: (1) opening a new school contributes to burnout among school leaders and (2) school leaders face systemic, district-level barriers that impede implementation of a school's founding mission and vision. Research limitations/implications: A qualitative study of three standalone charter and innovation schools in one urban school district limits generalizability. Originality/value: The lived experience of school leaders at new, standalone charter and innovation schools is largely neglected in empirical studies. This research illuminates key struggles school leaders experience as they seek to establish new schools with fidelity to district-approved school plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]