Search

This study seeks to evaluate the shareholder wealth effect of corporate name change by Malaysian listed companies. Our sample comprises both failed and non-failed Malaysian companies and standard event study methodology is employed. Our results indicate that corporate name changes have no impact on shareholder wealth unless the announcement is accompanied with news of approved corporate restructuring by Malaysian regulatory authorities. In addition, extraordinary abnormal returns were found on the announcement day for the failed companies group whilst, the sub-sample of non-failed companies experienced a significant low negative abnormal return around the announcement date indicating disapproval of cosmetic name changes. Investors in Malaysia are generally cautious about receiving news of a corporate name change. The study also suggests that the market cannot be fooled by mere name change; such a change must be backed by serious efforts towards recovery.

The renaming of streets is a significant, if often overlooked, aspect of post-socialist change in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Such renamings are one manifestation of the ‘reconfiguring’ of both space and history which is a central component of post-socialist transformations. Street name changes are part of the process of creating new public iconographic landscapes which accord with the values of post-socialist regimes and the study of such changes can offer significant insights into ways in which post-socialist states are redefining national identities and national pasts. This paper focuses on the renaming of streets in Bucharest, Romania over the 1990–1997 period as one component of the ‘modern historical geographies’ of post-socialist change. A central theme in street name changes has been the evocation of the pre-socialist period, which has been increasingly constructed in terms of Romania's ‘Golden Age’.

Since 1988, when the term chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was coined, considerable discussion has occurred about stigma associated with this diagnostic term. In particular, patients with CFS have felt that this term trivializes the serious nature of this disorder. A Name Change Work group, appointed by the CFS Coordinating Committee, developed an umbrella term: chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome (CNDS), and proposed that there would be sub-types under this term, one being CFS. The present study examined attributions of this new umbrella term when compared with CFS. Nurses and physician assistants (PAs) were presented a case study of a patient with symptoms of CFS. They were told that the patient had either "chronic fatigue syndrome," "chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome," or "chronic neuroendocrineimmune dysfunction syndrome, which had formerly been called chronic fatigue syndrome." The different terms led to different attributions, with PA respondents rating the "CNDS" label as more severe. Results suggest that a more medical sounding term (CNDS) may lead to attributions that this syndrome is a more serious, disabling illness. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

The 14th Prime Minister of the twentieth century was a 14th Earl, an improbable occurrence and one never likely to be repeated. Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home was born on 2 July 1903, the eldest of seven children of the 13th Earl of Home (pronounced ‘Hume’). He himself was to undergo several name changes, becoming successively Lord Dunglass, Earl of Home, Sir Alec Douglas-Home and, finally, Lord Home of the Hirsel. According to his official biographer, D.R. Thorpe, his ‘upbringing was privileged even by the standards of the upper classes of the time’ (Thorpe 1996). He was descended from two of the most powerful and wealthy families in Scotland. The Douglases, famous robber barons, had been the scourge of the English for several centuries; the Homes had betrayed their own countrymen to collaborate with their English oppressors, and, in 1603, the first Earl came down to London with King James I, as one of his most trusted advisers. The Douglas and Home families were united by marriage in 1832, and, when Alec was born, his grandfather, the 12th Earl, owned well over 100,000 acres, with estates in Berwickshire and Lanarkshire — the latter containing valuable coal deposits — as well as several grouse moors, valuable fishing rights over a long stretch of the River Tweed, and castles at Douglas and the Hirsel, near Coldstream.

Objective This study aimed to discover what the family doctors who attended an annual refresher course wished to obtain from participating in the event and what their response was to evidence that doctor behaviour is not changed by such programmes. Design The study used the qualitative method of in-depth interviews. Setting Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and the surrounding area. Participants The informants for the study were a sample of 6 family doctors who attended the 50th Annual Refresher Course for Family Physicians, held in April 2001 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Method In-depth interviews with the participants were conducted before and after they attended the annual refresher course. The doctors had pre-registered for the 3-day course. They were purposely selected to obtain diversity of gender, year of graduation from medical school and practice location. Results The doctors interviewed had 3 main reasons for attending the refresher course: to obtain information or to be updated; to be reassured that their practice behaviour was within accepted guidelines, and to hear from and interact with the specialists who gave presentations. All the participants in the study were able to name changes they had made as the result of attending a similar type of programme in the past and were sceptical of findings that practice behaviour did not change as a result of traditional continuing medical education (CME). Conclusions Despite current support for interactive and practice-linked educational activities, the doctors in this study valued the input of the experts who lectured at the course. These doctors were not prepared to accept the currently held precept that their behaviour did not change as a result of attendance at traditional CME programmes.

RESPIRATORY diseases of pigs have undergone a variety of name changes over the years, partly as a reflection of the evolution of these diseases and partly as a result of changing fashions. From the point of view of the clinician who sees a pig with a cough or dyspnoea which fails to thrive, there is little difference clinically between a grower/finishing pig of the 21st century with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and a fattening (finishing) pig in the 1960s with enzootic pneumonia. The clinical signs are similar but the aetiology may be different due to changes in production methods, the development of efficacious vaccines and the appearance over the past decade or so of serious viral diseases affecting the respiratory tract. This article traces the evolution of porcine respiratory disease over recent decades, discusses the current disease priorities and briefly outlines strategies for control.

In the face of an increasingly challenging scientific and fiscal environment, and of shrinking government funding to research institutions, these institutions (including herbaria) must enter the "stakeholder society", in which the needs of the customer are foremost, if they are to survive and remain relevant in the new millennium. To ensure that herbaria in South Africa are indeed delivering those products and services that their customers need and require, a national workshop was organised under the auspices of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), which provided the setting for discussion (with the customers) of these needs and wants. Perhaps predictably, it was established that South African end-users of botanical information need more regularly updated, more comprehensive information (e.g., in terms of species lists, name changes and distributional data) than that which they are currently getting. They furthermore want a larger choice in the format of the information not only as hard copy, but also as Internet-based electronic versions. Faster, more efficient services (especially plant identification services) are needed. In terms of infrastructure: to have more confidence in the completeness of the data, a larger, more representative collated herbarium collection (and therefore the expansion of current herbarium collections) is needed. The herbaria of South Africa face several manpower and financial constraints in the implementation of the actions needed to address adequately the needs and wants of their stakeholders.

A list of ants of Florida published in 1989 is replaced to accommodate 49 additional species now known from Florida, and 34 name changes in species already on the 1989 list. Currently, 218 species of ants are reliably reported from Florida.

This study is an attempt to put together an exhaustive list of LIS periodicals for historic record. Various resources have been consulted to identify LIS periodicals, to cull out titles from obscurity and make it as comprehensive as possible. The study also figures out the number of Library and Information Science (LIS) periodicals including Journals and Newsletters published in India; how many of them underwent name changes, how many ceased publication and how many are currently being published. Finds answers to which is the first journal; the oldest journal still being published; the youngest journal in LIS and how many are in print and/or online; how many are openly accessible and how many are priced.

The new rules formulated in Article 59 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) will cause numerous, often undesirable, name changes, when only phylogenetically defined clades are named. Our task is to name fungal taxa and not just clades. Two suggestions are made here that may help to alleviate some disadvantages of the new system. (1) Officially an epithet coined in a list- demoted genus that is older than the oldest one available in the list-accepted genus would have to be recombined in the accepted genus. We recommend that individual authors and committees establishing lists of protected names should generally not recombine older epithets from a demoted genus into the accepted genus, when another one from pre-2013 is available in that genus. (2) Because the concepts of correlated teleomorph and anamorph genera are often incongruent, enforced congruence leads to a loss of information. Retaining the most suitable generic name is imperative, even when this is subordinated to another, list-accepted, generic name. Some kind of cryptic dual generic nomenclature is bound to persist. We therefore strongly recommend the retention of binomials in genera where they are most informative. With these recommendations, the upheaval of fungal nomenclature ensuing from the loss of the former Art. 59 can be reduced to an unavoidable minimum.

I am perhaps not the best person to argue the case of Agricultural Economics over that of Applied Economics. When I came to Clemson in 1975, we were Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. When the number of sociologists dropped to one in 1990, we became Agricultural and Applied Economics. Our Ph.D. program had already adopted the title Applied Economics in 1984. People like Jim Hite, Buddy Dillman, and Mark Henry were leaders in Environmental Economics and Rural Economic Development and were fans of Applied Economics. I strongly agreed with these name changes at the time. Clemson was in the vanguard of similar name changes across the country over the past 25 years. But, I wonder now if we were wise or not.

Event studies are a common research method in finance and management research. This note argues that the validity of inferences based on announcement effects hinges critically on controls for confounding events and appropriate statistical tests. We present a unique case where data is available for a replication of two key studies. Specifically, we examine and demonstrate the importance of systematic confounding information on findings of the effect of corporate name changes on stock market reactions. We demonstrate that systematic confounding events are critical challenges when testing theories about investors’ reactions in finance and management research.

Now that you are able to handle basic interactions, let’s cover a core concept of Meteor: reactive programming. This technique lets you write your code in a simple declarative style that enables your application to react to changes in the data. In its simplest form, this means you can tell your template to display something, such as a user’s name, and when the data backing the name changes, the template automatically updates. Since this is such an important concept, this chapter will walk you through how to use reactive programming in your application.

The last overview of Cenozoic localities with records of freshwater gastropods was provided more than 80 years ago. Since then, a wealth of new information has been published: new localities have been discovered and fundamental changes occurred in regional stratigraphy. In addition, many localities are still attributed to erroneous or outdated stratigraphical concepts even in recent papers. Geopolitical evolution of Europe has, furthermore, led to name changes and confusion regarding the exact origin of samples in collections. Here we provide a fully georeferenced dataset for almost all published Miocene and Pliocene freshwater gastropod localities (2,930), including updated stratigraphic data where possible. This basic update will serve as an essential fundament for any future work related to the freshwater deposits and respective faunas in general. Thomas A. Neubauer. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria thomas.neubauer@nhm-wien.ac.at Elisavet Georgopoulou. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria elisavet.georgopoulou@nhm-wien.ac.at Andreas Kroh. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria andreas.kroh@nhm-wien.ac.at Mathias Harzhauser. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at Oleg Mandic. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria oleg.mandic@nhm-wien.ac.at Daniela Esu. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy daniela.esu@uniroma1.it

A study of name changes in South Africa in 1997 (de Klerk 2000b) found that socio-cultural factors were foremost among the reasons why people had changed their names, and there was also a trend in favor of English names generally and most particularly among speakers of African languages. This arqcle reports on a comparative survey of first name changes in South Africa over two 3-month periods, the first in 1997 and the second in 2000. It is once again notable (and surprising) that there is a marked increase in the number of African-language speakers who have favored English in changing their names, by adding an English name, by deleting an African name, or by reversing the order of their names so that an English name comes first. This is remarkable in light of concerted national efforts to encourage the African Renaissance as an overt symbolic resistance to former white cultural oppression.

An organization's identity, symbolized by its corporate name, is rooted in institutional fields. We advance the construct of symbolic isomorphism, or the resemblance of an organization's symbolic a...

This study examines the institutional characteristics of the more than 100 institutions that changed their name from "college" to "university" during the 1990s. It explores three competing hypotheses to explain these name changes. The findings show that the institutions involved were predominantly less selective institutions that enrolled greater numbers of graduate students than their peers.

A description of the bostrichid beetle Prostephanus truncatus is given, with a history of name changes and systematic position since its first description in 1878. Common names and guides to identification keys of larvae, pupae and adults are also provided.

Institutional archives have always provided a sense of history and unity for most universities. This is especially emphasized for the Kansas State University at Salina photographic collection. The school has gone through four different name changes in the last fifty years and the library has amassed an overwhelming assortment of photographs documenting various events on campus, from groundbreaking ceremonies to student social occasions. With an estimated total of over 11,000 unlabeled photographs, the K-State at Salinalibrarians have worked hard to begin the process of providing the university community with a useful resource for historical research in the future.

Aspergillus section Nigri is a taxonomically difficult, but medically and economically important group. In this study, an update and revision of the taxonomy of A. section Nigri strains within the BCCM/IHEM collection has been conducted. There are currently 26 accepted species within the Nigri section. The use of Bt2 primers (Bt2a and Bt2b) has been shown to be problematic for the A. section Nigri (Hubka et al., 2012). Bt2 primers can amplify either benA fragments (three introns) or paralogous tubC fragments (two introns) in the Nigri section. When a mix of those two paralogues is used in phylogenies, this can create incongruent trees and possible misidentification of the tested strains. Until recently, the Bt2 primers have been used in the BCCM/IHEM collection to classify A. section Nigri strains. Given the risk of false identifications, we therefore revised the classification of these strains. A total of 183 strains of the A. section Nigri were molecularly (re-)analyzed. Three regions were amplified [ β -tubulin (Ben2f/Bt2b), calmodulin (CF1L/CF4) and ITS (ITS5/ITS4)] and a multilocus phylogeny of the combined loci was created by using maximum likelihood analysis. The Ben2f/Bt2b primer pair was shown to be highly specific for the benA gene (Hubka et al., 2012) and calmodulin has been proposed as a secondary identification marker for Aspergillus species by Samson et al. (2014). The analysis resulted in 48 reclassifications and name changes. In total, we identified 17 different species of the Nigri section in our collection. The paralogous tubC gene was previously amplified for six BCCM/IHEM strains within the A. aculeatus -clade. The new β -tubulin primer pair used in this study amplified the correct benA gene for these six strains. The majority of the clinical samples were found within A. tubingensis and the A. niger/welwitschiae complex, but also A. brunneoviolaceus , A. neoniger , A. japonicus , A. carbonarius , A. luchuensis , A. piperis and A. vadensis were isolated from clinical samples. We also evaluated the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for species identification within the Aspergillus section Nigri of the BCCM/IHEM collection and found that in general, MALDI-TOF MS could discriminate between these closely related species.

In a recent editorial in this journal, Dr. Daniel Orr II discussed the process of recognition of specialties in dentistry and some of the issues and problems associated with this process. I am a member of the ninth specialty recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA), Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (OMR) – but not actually in my state of Michigan, which lists by name those specialties it recognizes at the state level. It would require a change in the Public Health Code for me to be considered a specialist in Michigan. How did Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology become an ADA-recognized specialty, and what difference does it make to OMRs and dentistry as a whole? The story began many years ago, long before OMR was finally granted specialty status by the ADA House of Delegates. According to a history timeline published on the website of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (AAOMR; http://www.aaomr. org), the first oral radiology organization started in 1921 as the American Society of Dental Radiographers, only twenty five years after the first dental radiograph was made. This organization lasted only a few years before it folded, but a new organization, The American Academy of Dental Roentgenologists, was established in 1949. This organization still exists today as AAOMR, having undergone a number of name changes over the years. The members of the group were, and still are, actively involved in education, research and patient care. In 1968, the Academy filed its first application to the ADA for specialty status, but it was disapproved by the ADA Council on Dental Education. The second application in 1970 was also denied. Further applications for specialty status were then put on hold. Meanwhile, in 1979, the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (ABOMR) was formed. The first diplomates of the Board were recognized by credentials, but in 1983, the Board began administering certifying examinations. I passed the examination in 1984, becoming a Diplomate of the Board. What did this get me? At the time, nothing other than to prove to myself and those who cared that I knew a lot about all the facets of oral radiology: physics, biology, technique, safety, and interpretation. Because OMR was not a recognized specialty, diplomate status did not really change things for me. AAOMR was not ready to give up on the idea of specialty recognition, however. It submitted applications in 1993 and 1995. At the ADA House of Delegates in 1996, OMR became a specialty – for one day. However, the next day the issue was brought up again and the decision overturned. The same application was reconsidered in 1997 – and denied. In 1998, another application for specialty status was submitted, and this time, in 1999, it was approved by the ADA House of Delegates. On October 13, 1999, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology became the ninth dental specialty recognized by the ADA. What has specialty recognition meant for OMRs and the profession of dentistry? At the beginning, not much was changed. Many dentists did not even realize that OMR had become a specialty. After all, dentists were used to being their own radiologists. The majority had intraoral x-ray machines in their offices, and many were adding panoramic radiography capability, and they felt comfortable with interpreting these images. Maybe not the panoramic view all the time, but then, there was always their old x-ray professor at the dental school they attended, so they could get another opinion – for free – if they needed it. At this point, the majority of OMRs were on the faculty of dental schools, involved primarily in education and research. Some of them established imaging services in their institutions, but in general

Die vorliegende Revision umfasst 40 Arten aus den Gattungen Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 [4 Arten], Euricrium Enderlein, 1911 [8 Arten], Metangela Rübsaamen, 1894 [4 Arten], Pseudosciara Schiner, 1866 [21 Arten] und Sciara Meigen, 1803 [3 Arten]. Die Arten werden redeskribiert und abgebildet. 63 Spezies wurden neu kombiniert und 4 Namen als neue Synonyma auf dem Artniveau erkannt: Plastosciara barretoi Lane, 1960 als neues Synonym zu Cratyna boracensis (Lane, 1960); Plastosciara downsi Lane, 1960 als neues Synonym zu Cratyna cucarisi (Lane, 1960), Euricrium fulgescens Enderlein, 1911 als neues Synonym zu Euricrium ruebsaameni (Enderlein, 1911); Pseudosciara aitkeni Lane, 1959 als neues Synonym zu Pseudosciara forceps (Pettey, 1918). Zusätzlich werden 3 synonymisierte Namen restituiert [Metangela spinata Lane, 1955 restit., Pseudosciara ribeiroi (Lane, 1955) restit., Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911 restit.] und 2 präokkupierte Namen wurden ersetzt: Pseudos. willistoni Menzel nom. nov. für Sciara concinna Williston, 1896 [praeocc.] und Pseudos. helleri Menzel nom. nov. für Sciara debilis Williston, 1896 [praeocc.]. Außerdem ergab sich die Notwendigkeit, für Pseudosciara willistoni Menzel nom. nov. einen Lectotypus zu designieren sowie für Pseudosciara muricata (Lengersdorf, 1926), Pseudosciara thoracica (Lengersdorf, 1930) und Metangela bicolorata (Lengersdorf, 1930) Neotypen festzulegen. Für 2 Arten werden die bisher unbekannten Männchen ergänzend beschrieben [Euricrium varians (Lane), Pseudosciara humeropicta (Lengersdorf)]. Die Namen der Gattungsgruppe Zygomma Enderlein, 1911 [praeocc.], Mapiria Edwards, 1934 und Muhabbetiola Koçak, 2009 sind jüngere Synonyme von Euricrium Enderlein, 1911. Die Gattung Pseudosciara Schiner wird in die beiden Subgenera Pseudosciara s. str. und Pseudosciarella subgen. nov. unterteilt. Die Genera Apelmocreagris Enderlein, 1911, Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911 und Trichosia Winnertz, 1867 sind nach dieser Revision in der neotropischen Region nicht vertreten. Diese 3 Namen müssen aus dem Katalog der neotropischen Sciaridae gestrichen werden. Die Gattung Pseudozygoneura Steffan, 1969 ist ebenfalls ein Synonym zu Cratyna Winnertz. Alle 41 von Hippa et al. (1998) beschriebenen Pseudozygoneura-Arten werden deshalb in das Subgenus Cratyna s. str. kombiniert. Stichwörter Diptera, Sciaridae, Apelmocreagris, Cratyna, Euricrium, Metangela, Pseudosciara, Sciara, Trichomegalosphys, Neotropical Region, systematics, new subgenus, new synonyms, new combinations, name changes, designation of types. Nomenklatorische Handlungen acuminata (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura acuminata Hippa et al., 1998 aimoresi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara aimoresi Lane, 1960 aurora (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura aurora Hippa et al., 1998 boracensis (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara boracensis Lane, 1960 brevimera (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura brevimera Hippa et al., 1998 brevispina (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura brevispina Hippa et al., 1998 caraosi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara caraosi Lane, 1960 clavigera (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clavigera Hippa et al., 1998 clavula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clavula Hippa et al., 1998 clinostyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura clinostyla Hippa et al., 1998 collina (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura collina Hippa et al., 1998 conica (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura conica Hippa et al., 1998 coniciformis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura coniciformis Hippa et al., 1998 consilia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura consilia Hippa et al., 1998 constricta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura constricta Hippa et al., 1998 coronicornis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura coronicornis Hippa et al., 1998 crassichaeta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura crassichaeta Hippa et al., 1998 crinita (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura crinita Hippa et al., 1998 cucarisi (Lane, 1960) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Plastosciara cucarisi Lane, 1960 dactylica (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura dactylica Hippa et al., 1998 delicia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura delicia Hippa et al., 1998 denticula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura denticula Hippa et al., 1998 epsilon (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura epsilon Hippa et al., 1998 excisa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura excisa Hippa et al., 1998 expedita (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura expedita Hippa et al., 1998 flagelloparva (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura flagelloparva Hippa et al., 1998 foveola (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura foveola Hippa et al., 1998 ghanaensis (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura ghanaensis Hippa et al., 1998 gigas (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura gigas Hippa et al., 1998 index (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura index Hippa et al., 1998 indotata (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura indotata Hippa et al., 1998 integra (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura integra Hippa et al., 1998 intermedia (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura intermedia Hippa et al., 1998 kirkspriggsi (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura kirkspriggsi Hippa et al., 1998 lagena (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura lagena Hippa et al., 1998 latidactyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura latidactyla Hippa et al., 1998 prominula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura prominula Hippa et al., 1998 protrusa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura protrusa Hippa et al., 1998 quadrifalx (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura quadrifalx Hippa et al., 1998 redunca (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura redunca Hippa et al., 1998 sagitta (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura sagitta Hippa et al., 1998 senticosa (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura senticosa Hippa et al., 1998 spicicauda (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura spicicauda Hippa et al., 1998 torula (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura torula Hippa et al., 1998 trichodactyla (Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heinakroon, 1998) (Cratyna (Cratyna)), comb. n. hitherto Pseudozygoneura trichodactyla Hippa et al., 1998 acutum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n. alboantennatum (Lane, 1946) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura alboantennata Lane, 1946 bolivianum (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura boliviana Edwards, 1934 fasciatellum (Enderlein, 1911) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygomma fasciatellum Enderlein, 1911 freemani (Lane, 1955) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura freemani Lane, 1955 glaberrimum (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura glaberrima Edwards, 1934 modicum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n. pernitidum (Edwards, 1914) (Euricrium), comb. n. suspiciosum (Mohrig, 2003) (Euricrium), comb. n. transversale (Edwards, 1934) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Malpiria transversalis Edwards, 1934 varians (Lane, 1955) (Euricrium), comb. n. hitherto Zygoneura varians Lane, 1955 fulgescens Enderlein, 1911 (Lycoria), syn. n. of Euricrium ruebsaameni Enderlein, 1911 bicolorata (Lengersdorf, 1930) (Metangela), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia bicolorata lengersdorf, 1930 spinata Lane, 1955 (Metangela), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Metangela calliptera Rübsaamen barrettoi (Lane, 1960) (Plastosciara), syn. n. of Cratyna (Cratyna) boracensis Lane, 1960 downsi (Lane, 1960) (Plastosciara), syn. n. of Cratyna (Cratyna) curarisi Lane, 1960 aitkeni Lane, 1959 (Pseudosciara), syn. n. of Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara) forceps (Pettey, 1918) Pseudosciarella Mohrig & Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara), subgen. n. antunesi (Lane, 1946) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia antunesi Lane, 1946 helleri Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), nom. n. pro Sciara debilis Williston, 1896, nec Sciara debilis Winnertz, 1867 pubescens (Morgante, 1969) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia pubescens Morgante, 1969 ribeiroi (Lane, 1955) (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), comb. n. hitherto Trichosia ribeiroi Lane, 1955 and erroneously placed into the genus Trichomegalosphys Enderlein, 1911 willistoni Menzel, 2014 (Pseudosciara (Pseudosciara)), nom. n. pro Sciara concinna Williston, 1896, nec Sciara concinna Winnertz, 1867 blandula (Lengersdorf, 1944) (Sciara), comb. n. hitherto Lycoria blandula Lengersdorf, 1944 leucacrocera (Enderlein, 1911) (Sciara), comb. n. hitherto Apelmocreagris leucacrocera Enderlein, 1911 Mapiria Edwards, 1934 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911 Muhabbetiola Koçak, 2009 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911 Zygomma Enderlein, 1911 (Sciaridae), syn. n. of Euricrium Enderlein, 1911 laticornis (Walker, 1857) (Trichomegalosphys), comb. n., Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology, Bd. 64 Nr. 1 (2014)

Changes since 1984 in scientific names of freshwater algae belonging to 253 taxa of Bacillariophyta, 82 of Chlorophyta (excluding desmids), 30 of Pyrrhophyta, 20 of Euglenophyta, and 19 of Rhodophyta are listed. Recent names are those cited in the list prepared for the “Species 2000: New Zealand” Symposium, February 2000, in Wellington, which will be pm of a global database. An additional 20 name changes of diatoms not in the main list are included at the end of the list.

While preparing a review of the family Podostemaceae, we have found it necessary to change the name of some species. Following rules of priority, Crenias K. P. J. Sprengel replaces Mniopsis Martius. No convincing reasons can be found to maintain the monotypic genera Hydrobryopsis, Malaccotristicha, Synstylis and Torrenticola; they are merged in their sister genera Zeylanidium, Tristicha, Hydrobryum and Cladopus, respectively. On morphological grounds Polypleurella micranthera is transferred to Hydrobryum and Polypleurum submersa is transferred to Saxicolella.

From 1995 through 1997, nearly 1,000 open-end mutual funds changed their names. While some name changes are clearly descriptive, others appear meaningless. Do name changes provide clues to investors about fund performance and operations? This study finds that funds tend to change names after periods of poor performance. Funds that change three or more words in their names have been especially weak performers. Funds undergoing name changes that coincide with a change in fund manager or strategy tend to significantly improve their performance.

U.S. Air Force base near Riverside, California, affectionately known as "March Field" through several formal name changes, is the oldest operational base in California. The field opened for flying instructions on July 1 , 1918. It was first named as Alessandro Flying Training Field, but the name was changed to March Field on March 20, 1918 to honor 2nd Lieutenant Peyton C. March, Jr., killed a few days previously in a plane crash in Texas. He was the son of the then acting Army Chief of Staff, Major General Peyton C. March. After the installation's first training era, 1918-1921, the base was closed for five years.1

This paper uses a market signaling perspective to examine investor reactions to firm announcements of name changes to include ‘.com.’ Firms that change their name as a purely cosmetic technique are contrasted to those that employ other strategic investments. Results show that announcements of ‘.com’ name changes are associated with significant increases in stock prices and trading activity. Furthermore, the magnitude of investor reactions is significantly larger when name changes are accompanied by other strategies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Studies in Brazilian orchids showed the need for several name changes. In the present study I propose the change of a variety of Bletia and another of Sacoila to the status of form and a variety of Microchilus to species.

University Library at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) acquired a large and unique collection of foundation annual reports. It was decided that cataloging them as serials, with the attendant problems of successive entry maintenance and access, was not acceptable. The reports for each foundation were treated as a collection with a unifying, made-up main title and update-able holdings (245 $f). The concept of main entry was retained, but the actual entry changes when the foundation name changes. The authors conclude with a call to make rules 21.3B1 and 21.2C1 optional.

The present synopsis reports on taxonomic decisions and name changes introduced in the last decades for a number of thermophilic fungi. Taxa dealt with are those most commonly cited in the literature of fundamental and applied work or concern species having complex taxonomic histories. The definition of a thermophile follows the classificatory scheme elaborated by Cooney & Emerson in 1964. The synopsis provides the latest legal valid names for several thermophiles. Binomials of accepted synonymies are also reported with arguments in favour of these taxonomic decisions. The material of this contribution is a synthetic simplified account of two previous reviews on the taxonomy of thermophilic fungi. The present document aims: (1) to suppress the use of ghost binomials having no status of any kind; (2) to favour the continuous use of the latest legal valid name of a taxon to avoid cases of redundancies by citing binomials of known synonyms. Homogeneity in cited names is a fundamental prerequisite for comparative studies. The synopsis is thus a sound tool for future critical reviews of ecological and of biotechnological interests. The status of over a hundred names are here reviewed. Two additional new synonyms are proposed; these concern Mucor miehei var. minor and Sporotrichum cellulophilum.

Two new names in Pilea Lindley from China are published: Pilea panzhihuaensis C. J. Chen, A. K. Monro & L. Chen and P. spicata C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro. A lectotype is designated for the basionym of P. spicata, Smithiella myriantha Dunn. The origins of the new names are explained, synonymy of the resurrected name is given, and an illustration of P. panzhihuaensis is provided.

This paper outlines the story of the country's second-oldest natural history museum from its founding in 1825 to the present. Its history includes seven name changes reflecting the young society's struggle to survive, the changing cultural environment, and the extension of its audiences from the immediate Worcester neighborhood to the New England regional area. The article also reviews its scope from several cabinets of specimens to displays of wildlife, exhibitions about ecology, astronomy, and technology, along with comprehensive education programming.

We examine the history, processes, and motivations which explain in part why and how the French change their names. Studying a small but representative sample of official name changes mandatorily published in the JournaL OfficieL de La République Française at certain moments of post-World War II history (1946, 1963, and 1992-1995), we identify the four most important reasons for changing names: because they are obscene or. pejorative; ridiculous; perceived as too foreign, especially too Arab or too Jewish; or to add the patent of nobility. While we express surprise that names of these kinds still exist in contemporary France, we also recognize that the decision to request a name change at this late date is the last refuge for families who have long suffered indignities and humiliations because of their names.

Osteonecrosis is a major increasing health problem all over the world. Osteonecrosis is the final stage of a number of conditions leading to bone death [1]. It has undergone several name changes. Several used synonyms are avascular necrosis, idiopathic avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis, and ischemic necrosis of bone. Aseptic necrosis was initially used to differentiate the condition of osteonecrosis from bone infections. Avascular or ischemic necrosis presumed a homogeneous etiology and pathogenesis. The term osteonecrosis describes the main common aspect of bone death and is more neutral in its assumption of causation [2].

A change of name is a change of identity. Many studies have focused on changes in ethnic identity, because those who change their name are often descendants of migrants or migrants themselves. This article focuses on first name changes in France. It shows that those who change their first name are indeed overwhelmingly the descendants of migrants, but that their identity change is multidimensional. Changing one’s first name is also a way to get a younger first name.

Language previously used in early special education reflects the way disabilities and disorders were seen in former periods. This chapter considers such historical language and looks at changes in terminology over time in various types of disabilities and disorders, especially in the United States and England. The chapter examines possible reasons for name changes, such as shifting aspirations towards special students.

Working with Web archives raises a number of issues caused by their temporal characteristics. Depending on the age of the content, additional knowledge might be needed to find and understand older texts. Especially facts about entities are subject to change. Most severe in terms of information retrieval are name changes. In order to find entities that have changed their name over time, search engines need to be aware of this evolution. We tackle this problem by analyzing Wikipedia in terms of entity evolutions mentioned in articles regardless the structural elements. We gathered statistics and automatically extracted minimum excerpts covering name changes by incorporating lists dedicated to that subject. In future work, these excerpts are going to be used to discover patterns and detect changes in other sources. In this work we investigate whether or not Wikipedia is a suitable source for extracting the required knowledge.

1. A new name, Pelargonium reflexipetalum E.M. Marais, is designated for P . pulchellum Salisb. (1807), non Sims (1801) and the status of P . setosum (Sweet) DC. is given. 2. P bubonifolium (Andr.) Pers., based on Geranium bubonifolium Andr. (1803), is the correct name for P . namaquense Knuth (1912) and P . congestum (Sweet) G. Don is also a synonym for P . bubonifolium . 3. P . violiflorum (Sweet) DC. is re-instated, as it was erroneously placed as a synonym for P . longifolium (Burm. f.) Jacq. var. nivea (Sweet) Knuth (1912). The delimitation of P . violiflorum is given.

The abolition of the separate naming of different morphs of the same fungal species in 2011 will inevitably result in many name changes in some genera. The working practices commended here are intended to minimize one category of these changes, that which can arise as a consequence of an author using the epithet of an asexual morph when describing the sexual morph of the same species. We consider that name proposed for the sexual morph in such cases should be treated as a formal error for a new combination and not as a new species, and so be corrected. This is interpreted as applying even where the author indicated that a new species was being described and designated a type. We argue that those formalities were a result of the requirements of the rules then in force, as the author recognized that a morph of a named species was being described, and not a new hitherto unnamed species was being reported - but was barred from making a new combination so used the same epithet for the new morph name instead. Where a type with the sexual morph was designated for the sexual morph, under this interpretation that no longer has nomenclatural status, the type being that of the basionym. The material for the sexual morph indicated as a type, would be available for designation as an epitype, though a modern sequenced sample with both sexual and asexual morphs would be more informative as an epitype in many cases. A proposal to regularize the working practice commended here, and also the converse situation where the sexual morph typified name is the earlier, will be made to the 2017 Shenzhen Congress.

This paper records additional information about the flora of the Kermadec Islands since the publication in 1977 of the “Kermadec Islands Flora, an annotated checklist”, by one of us (WRS). In addition to the records of plants first collected since then, we have listed acceptable nomenclatural and taxonomic name changes since 1977. The third list gives species for which there is significant recent ecological or morphological information and often an amended Kermadec distribution.

Allergists claim expertise in disease management of asthma now that there is appreciation that the condition is one of underlying allergic/immunologic dysfunction. The majority of patient care by allergists is in three conditions that tend to coexist: allergies, sinusitis, and asthma. The field of allergy/asthma/immunology (as reflected by name changes in the national societies) leads all other specialties in asthma research, program development, and cost-effective care of asthma. In the managed care setting, new options may become available for more efficient use of the expertise of the allergist in disease management of asthma.

Further analysis of the Dryden Projections suggests that there will be six subsequent name changes beyond 2031 to what is now known as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). The last name change will take place in 2555, which will coincide with the 600th anniversary of Ellis's first practicing Rational Therapy. The data suggests that Ellis will have an epiphany of near religious proportions. Gematria was deemed the best system to convert ordinal to equal interval data and was therefore selected for use in this study.

In this day and age, it is rare to discover a medical breakthrough which defies decades of medical dogma. The concept of bacterial infection causing peptic ulcer represents such an event. After an explosion of scientific research during the 1980s, the ‘ulcer causing bacteria’ made it to popular news-stand magazines during the 1990s. Over this time span, Helicobacter pylori underwent two name changes, from Campylobacter pyloridis to Campylobacter pylori to its current moniker. This review covers our current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal inflammatory states.

For the well advanced Flora of Namaqualand edited by A. LE ROUX a state of the art list of accepted Ornithogalum names, recently the second genus in size among southern African Hyacinthaceae (after Lachenalia) and now the largest one, is needed. The present sketchy revision is the preliminary harvest of 20 years of occasional encounters with this genus in the field and subsequent observations on cultivated plants, which could solve quite a number of questions and the preliminary lumping of taxa in the last revision (OBERMEYER 1978). The present treatment is intended to be an addition to OBERMEYER'S revision. Its backbone is the enlarged species list. Synonyms are only repeated if there are corrections or additions concerning further type specimens. The keys are still based on OBERMEYER'S. In the recent Ornithogalum list for southern Africa by REID 1993 only four species are added to OBERMEYER'S revision. One of these additions is reduced to synonymy in the present paper, whereas all the 54 species recognized by OBERMEYER 1978 are tentatively maintained. Additionally 26 species are resuscitated from synonymy and 40 new species are described, mainly from the winter-rainfall region (western Cape and southern Namibia). Thus with a total of 123 southern African species Ornithogalum is again the largest genus of Hyacinthaceae in southern Africa. More details about differences with OBERMEYER'S treatment concerning name changes, resuscitations, and the infrageneric taxonomy proposed are presented in a detailed summary at the end of the paper. In order to place correctly a synonym excluded from Ornithogalum, the genus Physodia SALISB. 1866 is resuscitated, and four new specific combinations are proposed. Fur die weit fortgeschrittene Flora von Namaqualand (ed. A. le ROUX) wird eine Liste der gultigen Ornithogalum-Arten gemas dem gegenwartigen Wissensstand benotigt. Diese Gattung war bis jetzt die zweitgroste Hyacinthaceen-Gattung des sudlichen Afrikas (nach Lachenalia) und ist jetzt die groste. Die vorliegende skizzenhafte Revision ist das vorlaufige Resultat von 20 Jahren zufalliger Begegnungen mit Ornithogalum im Gelande und von den nachfolgenden Beobachtungen im Gewachshaus, die viele Fragen der letzten Revision (OBERMEYER 1978) und von deren vorlaufigen Artzusammenziehungen aufklaren konnten. Die vorliegende Darstellung beabsichtigt, eine Erganzung zu OBERMEYER zu sein. Ihr Kern ist die erweiterte Artenliste mit Begrundungen. Synonyme werden nur wiederholt, wenn es Korrekturen oder Erganzungen zu weiteren Typusbelegen gibt. Die Bestimmungsschlussel bauen auf OBERMEYER'S auf. In der neuen Ornithogalum-Liste fur das sudliche Afrika von REID 1993 werden nur vier Arten zu OBERMEYER'S Revision hinzugefugt. Eine davon wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit als Synonym nachgewiesen, wahrend alle 54 Arten, die OBERMEYER anerkennt, vorlaufig aufrechterhalten werden. Zusatzlich werden 26 Arten aus der Synonymie wieder eingesetzt, und 40 Arten werden neubeschrieben, vor allem aus der Winterregenregion (westliches Kap und sudliches Namibia). Dadurch wird Ornithogalum mit insgesamt 123 Arten wieder die groste Hyacinthaceen-Gattung im sudlichen Afrika. Nahere Einzelheiten uber Fortschritte gegenuber OBERMEYERS Revision betr. vorgeschlagener Namensanderungen, Wiedereinsetzungen und die infragenerische Taxonomie werden in einem ausfuhrlicheren Summary am Ende der Arbeit dargestellt. Um ein aus Ornithogalum ausgeschlossenes Synonym richtig einzuordnen, wird die Gattung Physodia SALISB. 1866 wiedererweckt, und vier Arten werden neu kombiniert.

Shakespeare once questioned the importance attached to a name because he argued that a rose with a different name would smell just as sweet. With reference to the prospective name change of Pretoria to Tshwane it is however undoubtedly true that for many this name change will be a matter of "not smelling so sweet". The ongoing process of name changes that are taking place in South Africa is drawing strong response from many quarters.