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Objectives The novel DATA (6-Amino-1,4-diazepine-triacetate) based octreotide derivative TOC allows radiolabeling at room temperature in contrast to DOTATOC that needs 95°C for effective labeling. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of [68Ga]Ga-DATATOC for SSTR2 imaging in a syngeneic mouse pheochromocytoma (Pheo) model. Methods Radiolabeling of the DATATOC with 68Ga was performed manually at room temperature. The in vivo studies (PET, metabolic stability, biodistribution and elimination) were carried out in Pheo (MPC-mCherry) bearing mice and Wistar rats. For comparison the pheo were also imaged with [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. Blocking studies in vivo were performed with octreotide (OC). Results The radiotracer showed high in vivo stability. A faster renal elimination of the radiotracer was observed in comparison to DOTATOC and DOTATATE. [68Ga]Ga-DATATOC showed fast, highly specific uptake in the pheo and the pancreas (SUV at 1 h p.i., tumor 3.7 ± 1.5, pancreas 0.57 ± 0.17), whereas blocking with OC (3.3 mg/kg body weight) reduced the uptake in the tumor to 0.45 ± 0.15 and Patlak analysis showed that both parameters - the influx rate and the distribution volume - were significantly decreased by OC. Conclusions [68Ga]Ga-DATATOC can be radiolabeled with 68Ga rapidly at room temperature with high radiochemical yields. The preclinical in vivo studies confirm the high stability, excellent specific targeting and fast elimination. This pharmacological profile and the perspective towards a kit-type formulation provide a great potential for diagnostic somatostatin receptor imaging. Research Support This work was supported by The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grants ZI-1362/2-1 [to C.G.Z. and G.E.] and BE-2607/1-1 [to R.B. and J.P.]).

In het Park Monnikenberg bij Hilversum wordt een nieuw zorgpark ontwikkeld, waarin door Tergooi een nieuw ziekenhuis wordt gebouwd. Dit ziekenhuis moet zo duurzaam worden dat het een BREEAM®-certificaat ‘Excellent’ krijgt. In het kader van het TKI Watertechnologie is daarom de technische haalbaarheid van verschillende concepten op het raakvlak van water en energie onderzocht. De resultaten van deze studie kunnen worden gebruikt om een energiezuinig en duurzaam ziekenhuis te ontwerpen. De financieel-economische afweging werd gebaseerd op Total Costs of Ownership. Binnenkort wordt besloten welke concepten zullen worden toegepast.

In dit jaarverslag vindt u de resultaten van het broedseizoen 2014 van weidevogels in Flevoland. In het project ‘weidevogelbescherming’ werken vrijwilligers en boeren samen aan de bescherming van weidevogels. Vrijwilligers zoeken de nesten en over het algemeen sparen de boeren vervolgens de gevonden nesten, door ze te verplaatsen bij werkzaamheden of door er omheen te werken. Coördinatoren zijn lokaal het aanspreekpunt voor vrijwilligers en boeren en ze organiseren start- en evaluatieavonden. Naast het zoeken van de nesten, houden de vrijwilligers ook de resultaten bij van de nesten. Daarnaast tellen ze op de boerderijen nesten van huisen boerenzwaluwen. De tijd die in al deze activiteiten wordt gestoken, wordt ook bijgehouden. De provincie Flevoland financiert het project weidevogel- en akkervogelbescherming.

The paper reviews theoretical considerations and empirical facts on the productivity of mixed species forest stands versus pure stands. The theoretical part first draws attention on the combined effect of facilitation and competition and the net result for both individual and mean tree growth in pure and mixed forest stands (Figs. 1-3). By species mixing, competition as well as facilitation may be changed. Mixing effects can modify the productivity of individual trees and the productivity of the mean tree in a stand, and they can also modify the carrying capacity, i.e., the stand density of mixed versus pure stands (Figs. 4). The combination of mean tree productivity and density results in the overall stand productivity. Stand productivity of mixed versus pure stands can be quantified by ratios of relative productivity (LER, RYT, RPR) and illustrated by cross-diagrams (Fig. 5). How mixed stands come off in terms of over-or underyielding on different sites is conceptualized by the stress-gradient-hypothesis. Latter predicts that positive effects dominate on poor sites due to increased facilitation, while neutral or negative mixing effects in terms of productivity are predicted for rich sites where competition dominates (Fig. 6). In the second part of the paper these theoretical concepts are scrutinized on the basis of long-term experimental plot data from mixed stands experiments in Norway spruce/European beech, Sessile and Common oak/European beech, Scots pine/European beech, and Norway spruce/Silver fir. The included mixed stand trials consist of triplets of plots with pure stands of both species as well as one or more mixed species stands differing in mixing portion, mixing structure or stand density. The oldest of these plots are under survey since about 100 years. The experiments are located along an ecological gradient from Denmark through Poland and Germany to Switzerland; with a concentration in Bavaria and Lower Saxony in Germany. Evaluation of above experim

Een kwalitatief onderzoek naar de betekenisgeving aan de bokssport en de gevolgen daarvan voor de toegankelijkheid van het olympisch vrouwenboksen in Nederland

Recent surveys of Australian and South African rivers have revealed numerous Clade 6 Phytophthoras, which either have ITS gene regions that were highly polymorphic or could not be sequenced. These isolates were suspected to be hybrids. In order to establish the hybrid nature of these isolates, three nuclear loci and one mitochondrial locus were amplifiied and, in the case of the nuclear gene regions cloned, and sequenced. Abundant recombination within the ITS region was observed and this combined with phylogenetic comparison of other three loci confirmed the presence of four distinct hybrids involving three known parental species: P. amnicola, P. thermophila and P. taxon PgChlamydo. In each case the hybrid is between two parental species. For the single copy nuclear genes (ASF and GPA) examined, two alleles were obtained, one of which corresponded to each of the parental species. In all cases, only a single coxI allele was obtained indicating that mitochondria were always uniparentally inherited from one of the nuclear parents. This pattern of nuclear and mitochondrial inheritance suggests that each hybrid is a result of an independent hybridization event involving two parental species. The hybrid species are sterile and have physiological traits similar to those of the maternal parental. The pathogenicity of these hybrids is unknown, but several isolates from Western Australia were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of dying plants. The serendipitous and simultaneous discovery of the same hybrid complex on two continents is intriguing. However, the wide geographic distribution, frequent isolation and presence of all four hybrids and all parental species suggest that their origin lies in Australia. The association of the sampled riverways with botanical gardens in South Africa containing Australian plants may be a clue to the pathway of introduction.