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Acanthosaura phongdienensis sp. nov. Holotype (Fig. 2). KIZ 10695, an adult male collected on 22 October 2010, 16 o 28��� 03.6��� N, 107 o 16��� 40.8��� E, at Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Province, Vietnam (site 8, Fig. 1), about 197 m a.s.l. by Robert W. Murphy, Wei-Wei Zhou, Ba Dinh Vo, Luan Thanh Nguyen, and Sang Ngoc Nguyen. Paratypes. ROM 48013 and ITBCZ 6830, adult males; KIZ 10657, KIZ 10697, and ITBCZ 6831, adult females; and KIZ 10617, a sub-adult male (Table 3). Other data were the same as for the holotype except for KIZ 10464, which was collected in September 2010 at an elevation of 1019 m a.s.l. Diagnosis. Medium size, SVL 73���77 mm in males and 59���65 mm in females; TL much longer than SVL; rostral scute entire; nuchal spine at middle of nuchal crest and tympanum; tympanum naked; postorbital spine about one half of ED; nuchal and dorsal crests continuous (Figs. 2���4); lateral scales small, intermixed with large, keeled scales whose keels point backward and back-upward; SL 9���12; IL 10���11. Description of holotype. Adult male, SVL 74.2 mm. SL 11, IL 10. Head moderately tall (HH/HL = 0.63) and with HH/HW = 0.94. Rostral entire and wide, nearly trapezoidal (RH/RW = 0.5), upper wider than lower, not touching nostril, bordered posteriorly by four smaller smooth scale and laterally by first supralabials. When mouth closed, rostral in contact with mental and first infralabials. Nasals with pits, not touching supralabials. Scales on dorsum of head large and keeled. Canthus-rostralis-supraciliary scales slightly serrated, composed of 11 enlarged scales, separated from postorbital spine by a notch. Postorbital spine length about one half ED. An enlarged scale row below orbit. Interorbital scales keeled. Nuchal spine present midway between nuchal crest and tympanum, surrounded by spine-like scales. Tympanum naked, not round, surrounded by small scales. TD smaller than ED. A row of large and keeled scales from posterior edge of orbit to nuchal spine. Mental nearly pentagonal, posteriorly in contact with two elongate postmentals that contact with each other. Throat with two large scale rows parallel with infralabials. Gular scales strongly keeled except for smooth scales near the mental. Standard counts and measurements provided in Table 3. Body elongate with dorsal and nuchal crest connected by lower crests (Fig. 2B). Nuchal crests longer than dorsal ones (3.81 mm vs. 1.56 mm) that reduce posteriorly. Dorsal scales heterogeneous, small, imbricate, intermixed with large, strongly keeled scales that have points directed backward or back-upward. An oblique fold in each side of neck, in front of shoulder. Ventrals strongly keeled. Limbs slender. Hind limb stretched forwards reaches nostril. Dorsal surface of limbs with large, strongly keeled scales. Narrow subdigital lamellae under fourth finger and toe 14 and 20, respectively. Tail longer than snout���vent length (TL/SVL = 1.8), covered with uniform strongly keeled scales; postcloacal region of tail strongly swollen. In life, dorsum of body green with black lateral blotches. Venter whitish. Large black area in front of shoulder. Green to yellow-green wide band expands from snout through labials, tympanum, and neck to lateral of body. Upper side of head and neck black. Upper part of lateral view of head and neck also black. Black colored area becomes narrow at neck and expands at dorsum forming a diamond-shaped band in dorsal view. Tips of nuchal and postorbital spines, and nuchal crests yellow-green. Iris brown with a round pupil. Elbow and knee with white blotches. Original tail dark brown with white-cream or light green alternating rings. In preservative (Fig. 2), color faded with unchanged pattern. Upper side of body and limbs with alternating turquoise, white, and black blotches. Labials, tympanum, and lateral view of neck white. DNA Barcode. Type series with GenBank Accession No. MK 695205 ��� MK 695210. sepa- Variation. Males significantly larger than females (SVL 74.9 mm versus 61.4 mm; p p, Published as part of Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, Jin, Jie-Qiong, Vo, Ba Dinh, Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Zhou, Wei-Wei, Che, Jing, Murphy, Robert W. & Zhang, Ya-Ping, 2019, A new species of Acanthosaura Gray 1831 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from central Vietnam, pp. 555-565 in Zootaxa 4612 (4) on pages 559-561, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3235904

Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. Figs. 3���7; Tables 4, 5. Holotype: ITBCZ 4361, adult male, collected while calling on the bank of a small pool that formed after heavy rain nearby Ho Chi Minh Tay Road, Tram Lap Forest, Kon Von II Village, Dak Rong Commune, K���Bang District, Gia Lai Province (14.53994��N, 108.45104��E, ca. 1210 m a.s.l., Fig. 9); collected on 31 July 2016 by Luan T. Nguyen, Tam A. Nguyen, Tiep T. Nguyen, and Vy H. Tran. Paratypes: Total 15 specimens, all collected by Luan T. Nguyen, Tam A. Nguyen, Tiep T. Nguyen, and Vy H. Tran at the same location as holotype: ITBCZ 4288, adult male, collected on 29 July 2016; ITBCZ 4360, adult gravid female, collected on 0 1 August 2016; ITBCZ 4362���4372, eleven adult males, collected on 31 July 2016; ITBCZ 4506���4507, two adult males, collected on 16 November 2016. Diagnosis: Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) males having SVL 25.2���27.0 mm in 15 individuals, single known female with SVL 30.5 mm; 2) body habitus moderately stocky; 3) head flat, wider than long, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, slightly protruding in ventral profile; 4) skin on dorsum and flanks slightly shagreened with numerous tiny tubercles, ventral surfaces smooth; 5) finger I well developed, more than one-half the length of finger II; 6) tips of three outer fingers slightly enlarged, forming weak disks and tips of all toes distinctly dilated into wide disks with narrow peripheral grooves; 7) both finger and toe disks with dorsal median longitudinal grooves; 8) three palmar tubercles (inner and medial palmar tubercles elongated; outer palmar tubercle elongated) and two metatarsal tubercles (inner metatarsal elongated, outer metatarsal rounded); 9) tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching slightly beyond the orbit;10) webbing formula: I 1 �����2 II 1 �����2�� III 2���3 1 / 3 IV 3 �����1�� V; 11) dorsum yellowish-brown with dark brown markings, chin and throat yellowish-orange to yellow with small dark brown speckling on its margin, belly bright yellowish-orange to golden-yellow; and 12) an advertisement call consisting of 15���26 pulses with a dominant frequency of 1.1���2.2 kHz (as recorded at 18.5��C). The interspecific genetic p -distances from 12S���16S rRNA gene fragment between the new species and its congeners vary from 9.0% to 14.8%. Description of holotype (Figs. 4, 5). Medium-sized specimen, with SVL 26.1 mm; habitus moderately stocky, head length shorter than head width (HL/HW 0.83); snout rounded, slightly prominent in venral profile, longer than diameter of eye (SL/EL 1.25); eye small, slightly protuberant in dorsal view, pupil rounded (Fig. 5, F); dorsal surface of head flat, canthus rostralis distinct, rounded; loreal region weekly concave; nostril rounded, laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; tympanum hidden, supratympanic fold weak, running from posterior corner of eye to arm insertion; vomerine teeth absent, tongue roundly spatulate and free behind, lacking papillae, vocal sac opening larger. Forelimbs comparatively short, about three times shorter than hindlimbs (FLL/HLL 0.32); hand longer than lower arm and shorter over two times than forelimb length (HAL/FLL 0.40); fingers slender, rounded in crosssection, first finger well developed, longer by more than one-half of second finger length (1FLO/2FLO 0.64); relative finger lengths: IColoration of holotype in life (Fig. 5). Dorsal surface of head and trunk yellowish-brown; a distinct brown interorbital bar between eyelids, forming a reverse triangle in shape running posteriorly towards scapular region and not covering dorsal surfaces of upper eyelids; a dorsal dark-brown marking consisting of two reverse V-shaped figures forming a hourglass-shaped marking: anterior reverse V-shaped figure runs from scapular area posteriorly and laterally, opening at level of axilla and getting narrower again posteriorly on middle of dorsum; posterior reverse V-shaped figure starts at middle of dorsum and runs laterally towards groin (Fig. 5, A, B); two black scapular spots present above axilla on each side of body; few smaller black spots irregularly scattered on dorsolateral and lateral sides of body with one larger dark spot on each side just above axilla; mid-vertebral line brown; supratympanic fold yellowish; dorsolateral surfaces of trunk and upper arm yellowish-brown with a few small black spots; two narrow dark brown bars on each forelimb on dorsal surfaces of forearm; dorsal surfaces of thigh, tibia, and tarsus yellowish-brown with dark brown cross-bars and half cross-bars alternating on each hindlimb: two cross-bars and two half cross-bars on each thigh, one cross-bar and four half cross-bars on each shank, one dark cross-bar on each tarsus (Fig. 5, A, B); fingers and toes dorsally beige with dark brown cross-bars; throat and chest dark golden-yellow with dark speckling on margin of throat, ventral skin dark orange-yellow (Fig. 5, C), limbs ventrally yellow with small black spots; hand and foot ventrally reddish brown (Fig. 5, D, E); pupil black, fine golden reticulations throughout iris except for darker area at anterior corner of iris (Fig. 5, F). * holotype * holotype Coloration of holotype in preservative. After preservation in ethanol, dorsal coloration changed to light greyish-brown (Fig. 4, A, C), ventral surface of chest, belly, and limbs whitish-beige (Fig. 4, B); dorsal pattern, dark spots on dorsum and stripes on dorsal surfaces of limbs unchanged, dark brown pattern changed to lighter brown; iris completely black. Variation (Table 4, Fig. 6). Specimens vary in body size, coloration of dorsal surface, form of dark brown markings on the dorsum, and in the coloration of ventral surfaces: the single gravid female paratype (ITBCZ 4360) has a larger body size than male paratypes (SVL 30.5 mm vs. 26.15�� 0.52 mm [25.2���27.0; n=15] in males); males ITBCZ 4365 and ITBCZ 4369 have a much darker dorsal coloration���a dark brown background color with dark blackish-brown markings, male ITBCZ 4365 has less distinct posterior dark brown reverse V-shaped figure on dorsum (see Fig. 6); males ITBCZ 4364���4365 and ITBCZ 4368���4369 have more dark spots in the axilla area compared to the holotype. The female paratype ITBCZ 4360 has a lighter yellowish ventral surface (vs. orange to yellowish-orange in males, see Fig. 6, lower part) and a yellowish-beige throat with brown speckling. Two paratypes (ITBCZ 4506���4507) and four non-vouchered specimens observed on 16 November 2016 have a lighter yellowish ventral coloration compared to males collected in the end of July and in August 2016. Advertisement call. The advertisement call description is based on recordings of paratypes ITBCZ 5406 and ITBCZ 5407; all calls were recorded at 18.5��C ambient temperature (Fig. 7, Table 5). Calls consisted of pulses produced in series, sounding like a quacking duck. Call duration ranged from 110 to 227 ms, and calls were repeated at a rate of 3.1���3.9 calls per second with a 88���391 ms intercall interval. Calls contained from 15 to 26 pulses and had an average pulse rate of 110���144 pulses per second. Dominant frequency varied from 1.8 to 2.2 kHz. Rise-time to reach full amplitude was 67���199 ms, and fall-time from the peak to the end of call varied from 27���48 ms (Table 5). Harmonics were present at approximately 4.3, 6.3, 10.5, 17.3, and 19.5 kHz. No fundamental frequency was detected (Fig. 7). Natural history. All specimens were collected at night from 19:00 to 00:00 h on the banks of a small temporary pond that was formed after heavy rain along the sides of a recently constructed road (Fig. 9). Male frogs were found calling from the small dry branch of a dead tree in close proximity to a water-filled pool. The single female was found about 1 m from a temporary pond at night. Until recently, the survey area was covered by evergreen polydominant montane primary forests. Construction of the Ho Chi Minh Road (completed in 2013) across the area damaged forested areas and facilitated formation of temporary waterbodies along the road embankment. Calling males were also heard at around 15:00 h. The new species was found in sympatry with four congeners including M butleri, M. heymonsi, M. mukhlesuri, and M. pulverata (Fig. 10) and microhylids Kaloula indochiensis Chan, Blackburn, Murphy, Stuart, Emmett, Ho & Brown and Micryletta inornata (Boulenger), all of which were reproducing simultaneously with the new species, sharing the same breeding site. Other anurans such as Feihyla palpebralis (Smith), Feihyla vittata (Boulenger), Polypedates sp. (leucomystax species complex), Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme, R. rhodopus Liu & Hu, Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst), and Occidozyga martensii (Peters) also occurred in sympatry. Larval stages and eggs of the new species are unknown. Distribution. Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality in Tram Lap Forest, Kon Von II Village, Dak Rong Commune, K���Bang District, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (Fig. 1). The species was recorded from elevation ca. 1210 m a.s.l. The distribution of the new species is unknown, and discovery of new localities within the Kon Tum Plateau is anticipated. Conservation status. Currently, evergreen forest in Tram Lap connects with other forests in Kon Tum and Gia Lai Provinces. Based on its habitat and distribution elevation, the new species is likely to be endemic to Kon Tum Plateau. However, the extent of its actual distribution range requires further study. Given the available information, we suggest Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. be considered as Data Deficient following IUCN���s Red List categories (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2016). Etymology. The specific name ��� aurantiventris ��� is a Latin adjective in the nominative singular, feminine gender, derived from ��� aurantiacus ���������orange-colored��� and ��� venter ���������belly���, referring to the distinctive bright orange-yellow coloration of ventral surfaces in adult males of the new species. The recommended common name in English is ���Orange-bellied narrow-mouth frog���. The recommended common name in Vietnamese is ���Nh��i b���u b���ng v��ng���. Comparisons. In having medium body size for Microhyla (SVL 25.2���27.0 mm in 15 males and 30.5 mm in a single female), M. aurantiventris sp. nov. can be distinguished from the smaller members of the genus including M. achatina (male 16 mm, female 23 mm), M. annamensis (males 15.2���19.8 mm, females 18.2���22.6 mm), M. annectens, M. arboricola Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, M. borneensis, M. chakrapanii Pillai, M. fissipes; M. fusca, M. heymonsi, M. karunaratnei Fernando & Siriwardhane, M. kodial, M. laterite Seshadri, Singal, Priti, Ravikanth, Vidisha, Saurabh, Pratik & Gururaja, M. maculifera Inger, M. malang, M. marmorata, M. minuta Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, M. mixtura, M. mukhlesuri, M. mymensinghensis Hasan, Islam, Kuramoto, Kurabayashi & Sumida, M. nanapollexa, M. nilphamariensis, M. orientalis, M. ornata, M. palmipes, M. perparva, M. petrigena, M. pineticola, M. pulchella, M. pulverata, M. sholigari, M. superciliaris, Microhyla taraiensis, and M. zeylanica (Table 6). * The holotype specimen of M. fusca is male (N.A. Poyarkov, unpublished data). In having moderately stocky body habitus (defined by Bain & Nguyen 2004, Poyarkov et al. 2014), the new species can be distinguished from congeners that have slender or moderately slender bodies, including M. achatina, M. annectens, M. berdmorei, M. butleri, M. fusca, M. mihintalei, M. minuta, M. nanapollexa, M. okinavensis, M. orientalis, M. ornata, M. palmipes, M. sholigari, M. superciliaris, and M. zeylanica. In having first finger well-developed (1FLO>��2FLO), Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. can be diagnosed from M. borneensis, M. nanapollexa, M. palmipes, M. perparva, and M. petrigena, which have first finger nub or bulge. In having outer metatarsal tubercle oval-shaped, M. aurantiventris sp. nov. can be separated from the burrowing species M. mihintalei, M. picta Schenkel, and M. rubra, which have enlarged shovel-shaped outer metatarsal tubercles used for digging. In having comparatively short hindlimbs (tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed hindlimb reaching slightly beyond the orbit but not reaching the tip of snout) the new species can be distinguished from M. achatina, M. annamensis, M. annectens, M. arboricola, M. darevskii, M. fissipes, M. mantheyi, M. marmorata, M. mukhlesuri, M. mymensinghensis, M. nanapollexa, M. perparva, M. petrigena, M. pulchella, M. pulchra, M. pulverata, and M. superciliaries, which have tibiotarsal articulation of an adpressed hindlimb reaching just, or well, beyond the snout. In having weak disks on fingers II���IV, well-developed disks on all toes, and median longitudinal grooves on dorsal surfaces of fingers II���IV and all toes, M. aurantiventris sp. nov. differs from the M. ornata species group (M. ornata, M. rubra, M. mihintalei, M. nilphamariensis, and M. taraiensis) and the M. fissipes species group (M. fissipes, M. mukhlesuri, M. mymensinghensis, and M. okinavensis), as well as from M. picta, M. pulchra, and M. zeylanica; these species do not have disks on fingers and toes and lack median longitudinal grooves on dorsal surface of digits. The new species can be diagnosed from M. chakrapanii, M. darevskii, and M. maculifera, which have no disks on fingers and lack median longitudinal grooves on dorsal surface of digits. Microhyla aurantiventris sp. nov. can be further differentiated from M. kodial, M. mixtura, M. sholigari, and M. superciliaries, which have no dorsal median longitudinal grooves on finger disks. The new species differs from M. annectens, M. arboricola, M. maculifera, M. perparva, and M. petrigena of M. annectens species group by having two metatarsal tubercles (vs. one metatarsal tubercle). In having toes with basal webbing (webbing formula I 1 �����2 II 1 �����2�� III 2���3 1 / 3 IV 3 �����1�� V), M. aurantiventris sp. nov. can be distinguished from the following members of its genus that have fully developed webbing reaching to disks at most toes (usually with the exception of toe IV): M. annamensis, M. annectens, M. berdmorei, M. darevskii, M. malang, M. mantheyi, M. marmorata, M. nanapollexa, M. perparva, M. petrigena, M. pulchella, M. pulverata, and M. superciliaris (detailed by Poyarkov et al. 2014). Toe webbing of M. arboricola and M. pulchra reaches the level of distal subarticular tubercles and, thus, they can be diagnosed from the new species. The following species of Microhyla show less developed rudimentary toe-webbing not exceeding the level of proximal subarticular tubercles: M. achatina, M. borneensis, M. fissipes, M. heymonsi, M. karunaratnei, M. minuta, M. mixtura, M. mukhlesuri, M. mymensinghensis, M. okinavensis, M. orientalis, M. ornata, M. palmipes, M. picta, M. pineticola, M. rubra, M. sholigari, and M. zeylanica (Poyarkov et al. 2014). By possessing a weak, discontinuous dorsomedial (vertebral) line, M. aurantiventris sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. achatina, M. heymonsi, M. nilphamariensi s, and M. pineticola, which have a distinct and continuous light dorsomedial line. The new species can be further separated from M. heymonsi and M. pineticola by absence of characteristic ()-shaped black spot in the middle o, Published as part of Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Nguyen, Tiep Tan, Nguyen, Tam Ai, Tran, Vy Huu, Gorin, Vladislav A., Murphy, Robert W. & Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, 2019, A new species of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Tay Nguyen Plateau, Central Vietnam, pp. 549-580 in Zootaxa 4543 (4) on pages 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2618037, {"references":["IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2016) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Fersion 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 12 March 2017)","Bain, R. H. & Nguyen, Q. T. (2004) Three new species of narrow-mouth frogs (Genus: Microhyla) from Indochina, with comments on Microhyla annamensis and Microhyla palmipes. Copeia, 2004 (3), 507 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / ch- 04 - 020 r 2","Poyarkov, J. N. A., Vassilieva, A. B., Orlov, N. L., Galoyan, E. A., Tran, D., Le, D. T. T., Kretova, V. D. & Geissler, P. (2014) Taxonomy and distribution of narrow-mouth frogs of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Vietnam with descriptions of five new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 21 (2), 89 ‾ 148.","Yuan, Z. Y., Suwannapoom, C., Yan, F., Poyarkov, N. A., Nguyen, S. N., Chen, H. M., Chomdej, S., Murphy, R. W. & Che, J. (2016) Red River barrier and Pleistocene climatic fuctuations shaped the genetic structure of Microhyla fissipes complex (Anura: Microhylidae) in southern China and Indochina. Current Zoology, 62 (6), 531 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / cz / zow 042","Parker, H. W. (1934) Monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 212 pp.","Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Larut Hills, Perak. In: J. Hornell (Ed), The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, pp. 186 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678356","Taylor, E. H. (1962) The amphibian fauna of Thailand. The University of Kansas science bulletin, 43, 265 ‾ 599. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13347","Bourret, R. (1942) Les Batraciens de l'Indochine. Institut Oceanographique de l'Indochine, Ha Noi, x + 547 pp. + 4 pls."]}

Sungsik Kong, Poster presentation for Evolution 2019, entitled "The empirical evaluation on the performance and the accuracy of Median-Joining networks and comparisons with Bayesian phylogenies".

We describe a new species of frog in the dicroglossid genus Fejervarya from Ban Monjong, Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Analysis of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial gene 16S, advertisement calls, and morphological distinctiveness support recognition of the new species. Matrilineal genealogy suggests that the new population from Chiang Mai is a sister taxon to the South Asian clade that includes F. syhadrensis, F. granosa, and F. pierrei. The new species, Fejervarya chiangmaiensis sp. nov., differs morphologically from its congeners by its relatively small body size and proportions and the presence of dorsal warts and dermal ridges. Discovery of this new species indicates that the biodiversity of amphibians in this region remains underestimated.

Xie, Yulin, Wang, Ping, Zhong, Guanghui, Zhu, Fei, Liu, Qin, Che, Jing, Shi, Lei, Murphy, Robert W., Guo, Peng (2018): Molecular phylogeny found the distribution of Bungarus candidus in China (Squamata: Elapidae). Zoological Systematics 43 (1): 109-117, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201810

Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Holotype. ITBCZ 5685, adult male, collected from Hon Ba NR., Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam; coordinates 12°8’13”N, 108°57’39”E; elevation 1162 m a.s.l. by L.T. Nguyen, V.D.H. Nguyen, and S.N. Nguyen on 16 October 2016 (Fig. 1). Paratypes. Two specimens, also collected from Hon Ba NR by L.T. Nguyen, V.D.H. Nguyen, and S.N. Nguyen: ITBCZ 5686, adult female (Fig. 2C&D), and ITBCZ 5684, adult male (Figs. 2A&B and 3), collected on 14 October 2016, coordinates 12°8’22”N, 108°58’06”E; elevation 932 m a.s.l. Referred specimen. HBA 44 (released, Fig. 4), adult female, collected on 19 October 2016, coordinates 12°8’22”N, 108°58’06”E; elevation 932 m a.s.l. Diagnosis. Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. is distinguished from all of its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: size in adults (SVL) up to 56 mm; TaL/SVL ratio 1.81; toes reach to fingers when limbs adpressed; 32–34 smooth midbody scale rows; 61–69 paravertebral scales; 58–67 ventral scale rows; 112 subcaudal scales; four, rarely five, supraoculars; prefrontals in broad contact with one another; two loreal scales; tympanum deeply sunk; smooth lamellae beneath Finger IV and Toe IV 10–12 and 18 –20, respectively; two enlarged precloacal scales; hemipenis smooth, deeply forked, asymmetrical with a long lobe and another short; black and interruptive dorsolateral line; lateral side and lower part of head, neck, and tail orange to red in male. Description of holotype. Adult male; head small and elongate (HW/HL = 0.7); SVL 54 mm; tail long (TaL/ SVL = 1.81), 98 mm in length; lower eyelid scaly; tympanum deeply sunk with a prominent oblique edge; limbs pentadactyl, toes reach to fingers when limbs adpressed. Head scalation smooth; rostral convex, distinctly visible from above, in broad contact with frontonasal, which is broader than long; no supranasals; prefrontals in broad contact with one another; 5 supraoculars on left side and 4 on right side; a pair of frontoparietals, shorter than frontal; frontal narrowing posteriorly, longer than wide, bordered laterally by first two supraoculars, anteriorly by prefrontals, and posteriorly by frontoparietals; frontoparietals in contact with the second to fifth supraoculars on left side and the second to fourth supraoculars on right side; parietals in contact posteriorly, behind the interparietal; no nuchal; 7 supralabials on both sides, the fifth and sixth below the eye; 2 loreals, posterior loreal larger than anterior; nostril in center of nasal, which is in contact with the first supralabial, rostral, anterior loreal, and frontonasal; 8 supraciliaries, first largest; 1 anterior temporal, in contact with sixth and seventh supralabials; 2 secondary temporals, lower temporal overlapping upper one and in contact with seventh supralabial, upper temporal larger, in contact with parietal; lower eyelid scaly, 2 scales in center larger than scales in posterior and anterior areas; 6 infralabials, first pair medially in contact with each other; 1 anterior and 2 postmentals. Dorsal scales smooth, not larger than lateral and ventral scales; 34 midbody scale rows; 61 paravertebral scales; ventral scales smooth, in 60 rows; 112 subcaudal scales, slightly enlarged posteriorly; 11 and 20 smooth lamellae beneath finger IV and toe IV, respectively; 2 enlarged precloacal scales. Hemipenes. Each hemipenis deeply forked and asymmetrical with two smooth lobes. In fully everted position, the inner lobe is shorter and the outer lobe is much longer. Clear sulcus spermaticus starts from the base, divides into two branches at the fork and extends to the tips of the two lobes; body of the long lobe forming regular transversal shallow grooves and ending with terminal papillae. Short lobe obtuse, not forming regular transversal shallow grooves (Fig. 1F). Coloration. In life, overall dorsal coloration black (Hex #000000) to dark brown (Hex #654321) with two interrupted copper (Hex # B87333) dorsal lines in margins of dorsum extending from neck to base of tail; black and interrupted lateral lines under the copper ones; dorsum with irregular black spots; lateral side and lower part of head, neck, and tail orange (Hex #FF6600) to red (Hex #FE2712); venter from chest to tail base yellow (Hex #FFD300) to cream (Hex # FFFDD 0); upper side of limbs black with bright dots. Lateral margins of supralabials and infralabials with black blotches. Free margin of upper eyelid orange and the margin of lower eyelid yellow (Hex #FFD300). Eyes black. In preservation, color fades; orange and yellow disappear; overall dorsal coloration black with two interrupted brighter lines in margins of dorsum extending from neck to base of tail; venter zebra white (Hex #F5F5F5). Variation. Table 2 summarizes variation in size and scalation of the holotype, paratypes, and referred specimen. Supraoculars four in all specimens except for the left side of the holotype which bears 5 scales. Midbody scale rows vary from 32 to 34. Paravertebral and ventral scale rows range from 61 to 69 and from 58 to 67, respectively. Hemipenes of the second paratype ITBCZ 5684 (Fig. 3) similar to those of the holotype in being deeply forked and asymmetrical. Natural history. All specimens were collected at night and under rotting leaf layer in evergreen forest (Fig. 5), elevations 932 m and 1162 m a.s.l., between 19:00–23:30. However, the species was observed being active in the daytime and it may be diurnal. Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. was observed to be sympatric with other congener, S. indicus. Sexual dimorphism. Males are larger than females (SVL 56 mm vs. 52 mm, n=4) and have orange (Hex #FF6600) or red (Hex #FE2712) color on lateral sides and lower part of head, neck, and tail. The color on the lateral side in females faded to yellow (Hex #FFD300) or brown (Hex #964B00) with bright spots; lower part of head, limbs, and tail white (Hex #FFFFFF) to zebra white (Hex #F5F5F5); venter from neck to vent yellow (Hex #FCE883). Distribution. The new species is currently known only from Hon Ba NR, Khanh Hoa Province, southern Vietnam (Fig. 5). Etymology. We name this new species in honor of the famous physician and bacteriologist, Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943), who discovered the bacterium responsible for bubonic plague. Hon Ba NR associates with the name of Alexandre Yersin who built a research station on the top of the mountain and worked there. Currently, the research station has been reconstructed and opened to visitors. We recommend Yersin’s Forest Skink as the common name of this new species. Comparisons. Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. differs from its congeners in Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and southern China [Yunnan]) as follows: from S. anomalopus (Boulenger) by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 70 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 38) and more lamellae beneath toe IV (18–20 vs. 14); from S. bacboensis by having one (vs. two) anterior temporal, more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 30–32), and more supralabials (7 vs. 6); from S. cameronicus Smith by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 70 mm) and fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 38); from S. cophias Boulenger by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 37 mm), more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 24), more lamellae under fourth toe (18–20 vs. 9) and prefrontals in broad contact (vs. separated); from S. cryptotis by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 58–79 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 36–39) and tympanum deeply sunk (vs. superficial); from S. grandisonae Taylor by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 30 mm), one (vs. two) anterior temporal, more supralabials (7 vs. 6) and lamellae under toe IV (18–20 vs. 12), and adpressed limbs overlapping (vs. failing to touch); from S. helenae Cochran by having more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 30), prefrontals in broad contact (vs. separated), and presence of an interrupted (vs. uninterrupted) lateral stripe; from S. incognitus by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 80–103 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 36–40), and one (vs. two) anterior temporal; from S. indicus by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 90 mm), prefrontals in broad contact (vs. separated), and asymmetrical and deeply forked hemipenis (vs. symmetrical); from S. lineopunctulatus Taylor by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 84 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 38), fewer paravertebral scale rows (61–69 vs. 76), and prefrontals in broad contact (vs. separated); from S. maculatus by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 62 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 38–42), and prefrontals in broad contact (vs. separated); from S. malayanum by having fewer ventral scales (32–34 vs. 74), fewer paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 76–80), more lamellae under fourth toe (18–20 vs. 15), and deeply sunk (vs. shallow) tympanum; from S. mimicus by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 36 mm), more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 30) and more lamellae under fourth toe (18–20 vs. 16); from S. orientale (Shreve) by having more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 24–26) and fewer paravertebral scale rows (61– 69 vs. 69–71); and from S. praesignis (Boulenger) by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 109 mm) and more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 28). Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. differs from S. sanctus (Duméril & Bibron) by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 40–45 mm), fewer paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 71), fewer supraoculars (4[5] vs. 5), and fewer lamellae under toe IV (18–20 vs. 26–27); from S. scotophilus (Boulenger) by having more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 28–31), fewer supraoculars (4 vs. 5), and fewer lamellae under fourth toe (18–20 vs. 22–23); from S. senja Grismer & Quah by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 60–65 mm), fewer paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 72–73), fewer ventral scale rows (60–67 vs. 68), one (vs. two) anterior temporal, more lamellae under toe IV (18–20 vs. 13–17) and prefrontals in broad contact with each other (vs. narrow in contact or slightly separated); from S. sheai by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 35 mm), more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 20), more paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 53), more supralabials (7 vs. 6), more lamellae under fourth toe (18–20 vs. 6), and adpressed limbs overlapping (vs. separated); from S. shelfordi (Boulenger 1900) by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 67 mm), fewer lamellae under toe IV (18–20 vs. 28–29) and the absence of nuchals (vs. presence of a single pair of nuchals); from S. stellatus by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 80 mm), more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 24) and absence (vs. presence) of two enlarged, broader than long, vertebral scale rows; from S. sungaicolus Sumarli, Grismer, Wood, Ahmad, Rizal, Ismail, Izam, Ahmad & Linkem by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 67–90 mm), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 39–44), fewer paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 72–81) and fewer ventral scale rows (32–34 vs. 74–86); from S. tarsus (Smith) by having a smaller size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 90–92 mm) and two loreals (vs. three); from S. tetradactylus by having more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 20), absence (vs. presence) of external ear opening, and forelimb with five digits (vs. four digits); from S. tonkinensis by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 mm vs. 36–49 mm), TaL/ SVL ratio 1.80 (vs. 1.32), and one (vs. two) anterior temporal; from S. tridigitus by having a larger size (SVL 50– 56 vs. 35), more midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 20), absence (vs. presence) of external ear opening and forelimb with five digits (vs. three digits); and from S. tritaeniatus by having a larger size (SVL 50–56 vs. 47), fewer midbody scale rows (32–34 vs. 38) and paravertebral scales (61–69 vs. 81), more lamellae under toe IV (18–20 vs. 15) and one anterior temporal (vs. two). Sphenomorphus yersini sp. nov. is similar to S. buenloicus in many aspects (size, midbody scale rows, number of anterior temporals, lamellae under fourth toe, etc.). However, the new species can be distinguished from S. buenloicus by having a relatively longer tail (TaL/SVL ratio 1.8 vs. 1.2), usually more ventral scale rows (58–67 vs. 55–58) and deeply forked hemipenis with two asymmetrical lobes and the outer lobe is much longer than the inner one (vs. hemipenis forked at the middle point of its length with two developing lobes and the outer lobe is slightly longer than the inner one [Figs. 6 & 7]).

Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Dzung Trung Le, Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr., Vo, Ba Dinh, Phan, Hoa Thi, Duong, Tang Van, Murphy, Robert W., Nguyen, Sang Ngoc (2018): A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Son Tra Peninsula, central Vietnam. Zootaxa 4388 (1): 1-21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.1

Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. FIgS. 2���5; TAbLeS 3���5. Holotype. ITBCZ 2783, ADULT MALe, COLLeCTeD WHILe CALLINg fROM A SMALL HOLe UNDeR A ROCK NeAR THe HeADWATeR Of A SMALL STReAM WITH 1.5��� 2.0 M IN WIDTH IN eVeRgReeN TROPICAL fOReST IN SON TRA NR, DA NANg CITY, VIeTNAM (16.12754��N, 108.24634��E, CA. 380 M A.S.L.); COLLeCTeD ON 0 8 JANUARY 2013 bY LUAN T. NgUYeN. Paratypes. FOURTeeN SPeCIMeNS, ALL COLLeCTeD fROM SON TRA NR, DA NANg CITY, VIeTNAM: ITBCZ 4502, A gRAVID feMALe, ReCORDeD ON fOReST fLOOR, AbOUT 5 M IN DISTANCe fROM A SMALL STReAM (16.12248��N, 108.29821��E, CA. 450 M A.S.L.), COLLeCTeD ON 10 AUgUST 2013 bY LUAN T. NgUYeN; ITBCZ 2779���81, THRee ADULT MALeS (ALL COLLeCTeD WHILe CALLINg), ReCORDeD NeAR A CASCADe STReAM IN TROPICAL eVeRgReeN fOReST (16.13538��N, 108.25198��E, CA. 440 M A.S.L.), COLLeCTeD ON 0 3 JANUARY 2012 bY LUAN T. NgUYeN AND HOA T. PHAN; ITBCZ 2782, ITBCZ 2784���9, SeVeN ADULT MALeS (ALL ObSeRVeD AND COLLeCTeD WHILe CALLINg), COLLeCTeD ON 0 9 JANUARY 2013 AT THe SAMe LOCATION AS THe HOLOTYPe bY LUAN T. NgUYeN; ITBCZ 4471, A gRAVID feMALe AND ITBCZ 4472���3, TWO jUVeNILeS, ReCORDeD ON fOReST fLOOR NeAR A SMALL STReAM (CA. IN 20 M fROM THe STReAM) (16.13534��N, 108.25222��E, CA. 640 M A.S.L.), COLLeCTeD ON 11 SePTeMbeR 2013 bY LUAN T. NgUYeN AND MANH V. Le. Diagnosis. Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. IS DISTINgUISHeD fROM ALL Of ITS CONgeNeRS bY A COMbINATION Of THe fOLLOWINg MORPHOLOgICAL CHARACTeRS: (1) ADULT SVL 23.4���25.4 MM IN MALeS AND 27.0���27.8 MM IN feMALeS; (2) PReSeNCe Of DISTINCT DARK/bROWN DORSOLATeRAL MARKINgS WITH bLACK SPOTS ON fLANKS; (3) PINKISH MILK-WHITe TO LIgHTLY bROWN CHeST AND beLLY WITH NUMeROUS WHITe SPeCKLeS; (4) TYMPANUM eXTeRNALLY DISTINCT; (5) NO WebbINg AND LATeRAL DeRMAL fRINgeS ON fINgeRS AND TOeS; (6) PeCTORAL gLANDS COMPARATIVeLY SMALL, COMPRISINg 2.6���3.7% Of SVL IN ADULT MALeS; (7) VeNTROLATeRAL gLANDS INDISTINCT; (8) IRIS bICOLOReD WITH COPPeR-ORANge UPPeR HALf, fADINg TO gOLDeN IN ITS LOWeR THIRD. THe ADVeRTISeMeNT CALL Of THe NeW SPeCIeS, CONSISTINg Of 4���6 NOTeS, LACKINg A DISTINCT INTRODUCTORY NOTe, WITH AN AVeRAge DOMINANT fReqUeNCY Of 3.2���3.5 KHZ, ALSO DISTINgUISHeS THe NeW SPeCIeS fROM Leptolalax SPeCIeS fOR WHICH CALLS ARe KNOWN. THe NeW SPeCIeS IS ALSO MARKeDLY DISTINCT fROM ALL CONgeNeRS fOR WHICH COMPARAbLe SeqUeNCeS ARe AVAILAbLe (MITOCHONDRIAL geNe 16S RRNA; UNCORReCTeD geNeTIC DISTANCe ��7.4%). Description of holotype. SMALL-SIZeD SPeCIMeN IN gOOD STATe Of PReSeRVATION; HAbITUS STOCKY (FIg. 2). VeNTRAL SURfACe Of HOLOTYPe DISSeCTeD ON RIgHT SIDe beLLY, DISSeCTION-LeNgTH CA. 2.0 MM (FIg. 2B). Head. HeAD WIDTH SLIgHTLY SHORTeR THAN HeAD LeNgTH (HDW/HDL 0.91), fLATTeNeD; SNOUT SLIgHTLY TRUNCATe IN DORSAL VIeW AND ROUNDeD IN PROfILe, PROjeCTINg SLIgHTLY beYOND MARgIN Of LOWeR jAW; NOSTRIL OVAL-SHAPeD, SLIgHTLY ROUNDeD, LOCATeD MUCH CLOSeR TO SNOUT THAN TO eYe; CANTHUS ROSTRALIS INDISTINCT, geNTLY ROUNDeD; LOReAL RegION CONCAVe, geNTLY SLOPINg; PUPIL VeRTICAL; eYe DIAMeTeR NOTAbLY SMALLeR THAN SNOUT LeNgTH (EYE/SNT 0.66); TYMPANUM DISTINCT, ROUNDeD, TYMPANUM DIAMeTeR SMALLeR THAN THAT Of eYe; TYMPANIC RIM eLeVATeD ReLATIVe TO SKIN Of TeMPORAL RegION; VOMeRINe TeeTH AbSeNT; PINeAL OCeLLUS AbSeNT; VOCAL SAC OPeNINgS, OVAL, LOCATeD LATeRALLY ON fLOOR Of MOUTH; TONgUe WIDe WITH bROAD, SHALLOW NOTCH AT POSTeRIOR TIP; SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD fORMINg A DISTINCT WIDe RIDge, RUNNINg fROM POSTeRIOR CORNeR Of eYe POSTeRIORLY TOWARDS DORSAL eDge Of TYMPANUM, geNTLY CURVINg DOWNWARDS TOWARDS AXILLA; SUPRATYMPANIC RIDge COMPARATIVeLY SMOOTH WITH feW fLAT TUbeRCLeS (FIg. 2A���C). Forelimbs. FOReLIMbS THIN, SLeNDeR; fINgeR TIPS ROUNDeD, VeRY SLIgHTLY SWOLLeN; ReLATIVe fINgeR LeNgTHS: I Hindlimbs. HINDLIMbS SLeNDeR, TIbIA NeARLY HALf Of SNOUT-VeNT LeNgTH (TIB/ SVL 0.49). TOe TIPS SIMILAR THOSe Of fINgeRS; ReLATIVe TOe LeNgTHS: I Skin texture and skin glands. SKIN ON DORSUM MOSTLY SMOOTH WITH NUMeROUS TINY TUbeRCLeS AND PUSTULeS fINeLY AND ReLATIVeLY eVeNLY SCATTeReD ON DORSAL AND LATeRAL SURfACeS Of TRUNK, HeAD AND LIMbS; UPPeR eYeLID WITH NUMeROUS SMALL TUbeRCLeS; SKIN ON VeNTRAL SURfACeS Of TRUNK, HeAD AND LIMbS COMPLeTeLY SMOOTH; PeCTORAL gLANDS LOCATeD AT fOReLIMb bASIS ON VeNTRAL SURfACe Of AXILLARY RegION, ROUNDeD, 0.8 MM IN DIAMeTeR, DISTINCT IN LIfe AND IN PReSeRVATIVe; feMORAL gLANDS SMALL, OVAL, APPROXIMATeLY 0.9 MM IN DIAMeTeR, LOCATeD ON POSTeROVeNTRAL SURfACeS Of THIgHS, CLOSeR TO KNee THAN TO VeNT, DISTINCT IN LIfe AND IN PReSeRVATIVe; SUPRA-AXILLARY gLAND LOCATeD IN AXILLARY RegION DORSALLY fROM INSeRTION Of fOReLIMb, OVAL, fLATTeD, 1.1 MM IN DIAMeTeR. VeNTROLATeRAL gLANDS INDISTINCT, ROUNDeD, fLAT, fORMINg AN INDISTINCT LINe (FIg. 2A���C). Color of holotype in life. COLORATION Of HOLOTYPe ReCORDeD AT NIgHT jUST AfTeR CAPTURe (FIg. 2F,G). DORSAL SURfACe Of TRUNK LIgHT bROWN; ONe V-SHAPeD INTeRORbITAL bAR MARKINg WITH PALe CReAM eDgINg ANTeRIORLY; SNOUT DORSALLY beIge; DARK-bROWN W-SHAPeD MARKINg AT SCAPULAR RegION WITH INDISTINCT LIgHT-bROWN eDgINg. DARK bLACKISH-bROWN LINe WITH UNCLeAR bORDeRS LATeRALLY ALONg CANTHUS ROSTRALIS, eNCOMPASSINg NAReS RUNNINg TOWARDS ANTeRIOR CORNeR Of eYe AND A LIgHTeR bROWN LINe MeDIALLY ALONg CANTHUS ROSTRALIS RUNNINg TOWARDS UPPeR eYeLID; DISTINCT bLACKISH SPOT IN ANTeRIOR CORNeR Of eYe; DARK bLACKISH STRIPe beLOW SUPRATYMPANIC RIDge RUNNINg fROM POSTeRIOR CORNeR Of eYe TOWARDS TYMPANUM, TeRMINATINg AbOVe AXILLA, DARK LINe eNCOMPASSINg MOST Of TYMPANUM fORMINg A CHARACTeRISTIC DIAMOND-SHAPeD DARK MARKINg IN TeMPORAL RegION; UPPeR eYeLID LIgHT bROWN WITH SMALL WHITISH SPOTS ON CILIARY eDge; CANTHUS ROSTRALIS ReDDISH-bROWN; DORSAL SURfACeS Of fOReLIMbS (LOWeR ARMS) AND HINDLIMbS LIgHTeR bROWNISH, fOReARMS, AS WeLL AS DORSAL SURfACeS Of fINgeRS AND TOeS MUCH LIgHTeR WITH ORANge bACKgROUND COLOR AND SMALL ReDDISH-bROWN TUbeRCLeS; TRANSVeRSe DARK-bROWN bARS ON DORSAL SURfACe Of THIgHS, TIbIA, TARSUS, LOWeR ARMS, fINgeRS AND TOeS; WHeN HINDLIMb IS fLeXeD, TRANSVeRSe DARK bARS ON DORSAL SURfACeS Of THIgHS CONTINUe ON DORSAL SURfACeS Of SHANKS AND TARSUS (FIg. 2F); eLbOWS AND UPPeR ARMS ORANge WITH LIgHT ReDDISH-bROWN SPOTS ON TUbeRCLeS; LATeRAL SURfACeS Of TRUNK LIgHT PURPLISH-bROWN; VeNTRAL SURfACeS LIgHTLY COLOReD, PINKISH MILK-WHITe WITH DeNSe WHITISH SPeCKLINg eVeNLY SCATTeReD ON eNTIRe VeNTRAL SURfACe INCLUDINg THROAT, CHeST, ARMS, LegS, AND jAWS; WHITISH fLeCKS geTTINg LARgeR AND eSPeCIALLY NUMeROUS ON LATeRAL SIDeS Of bODY. TIP Of fINgeRS AND TOeS ARe WHITISH-PURPLe. LATeRAL SIDeS Of bODY WITH 7 DISTINCT bLACKISH-bROWN bLOTCHeS ON eACH SIDe (0.3���1.4 MM IN DIAMeTeR) LOCATeD fROM AXILLA TO gROIN, MOST POSTeRIOR bLACK SPOT LOCATeD IN gROIN AReA IS AbOUT 4.5 TIMeS LARgeR THAN OTHeR SPOTS. THRee DISTINCT bLACKISH-gReY SPOTS ON LIgHT bROWN bACKgROUND COLOR ON eDge Of UPPeR jAW LOCATeD fROM SNOUT TO AReA UNDeR eYe; MIDDLe ONe LASTINg DORSALLY TOWARDS NARIS eNCOMPASSINg MOST PART Of LOReAL AReA (FIg. 2F). SUPRA-AXILLARY gLAND MILK-WHITe; feMORAL, PeCTORAL, AND VeNTROLATeRAL gLANDS WHITe. IRIS bICOLOReD: COPPeR-ORANge IN UPPeR HALf, fADINg TO gOLDeN IN LOWeR THIRD; fINe bLACK ReTICULATIONS THROUgHOUT IRIS. Color of holotype in preservative. IN PReSeRVATION COLORATION fADeS TO DARK gReY-bROWN ON DORSUM AND fLANKS (FIg. 2A���E); IRIS COLORATION fADeS TO COMPLeTeLY DARK bROWN. BANDINg ON LIMbS fADe TO bROWNISH COLOR AND TURN LeSS DISTINCT; WHITe fLeCKS ON bODY fLANKS AND VeNTRAL SIDeS ReMAIN PRONOUNCeD IN PReSeRVATIVe. VeNTRAL SURfACe Of CHeST, beLLY, THROAT, VeNTRAL PORTIONS Of ARMS AND THIgHS fADe TO WHITISH-bROWN; MACROgRANDS TURN WHITISH. Variation. MeASUReMeNTS Of THe TYPe SeRIeS ARe SHOWN IN TAbLe 2 AND RePReSeNTATIVe PHOTOgRAPHS Of PARATYPeS IN LIfe ARe SHOWN IN FIg. 3. SPeCIMeNS VARY IN bODY SIZe, NUMbeR AND SIZe Of bLACK VeNTROLATeRAL bLOTCHeS AND SLIgHTLY IN COLOR AND PATTeRN IN LIfe. MALeS ITBCZ 2779���80 HAVe DARKeR bROWN COLORATION Of DORSAL SURfACeS AND LIgHT-bROWN VeNTRAL SURfACe WITH DeNSe WHITISH SPeCKLINg COMPAReD WITH THe HOLOTYPe. MALe ITBCZ 2787 HAS INDISTINCT DARK V-SHAPeD INTeRORbITAL bAR; MALe ITBCZ 2782 HAS LeSS DISTINCT DARK bARS ON LIMbS, WHILe MALe ITBCZ 2788 HAS VeRY THIN ALMOST INDISTINCT DARK bARS ON LIMbS. MALe ITBCZ 2784 HAS LIgHT-bROWNISH DORSAL SURfACe WITH TWO bIg PALe MARKINgS beTWeeN AXILLAe AND ReDDISH-bROWN TINT ON bODY fLANKS. MALeS ITBCZ 2780���83 HAVe WHITISH-bROWN COLORATION ON VeNTRAL SURfACeS. FeMALeS TeND TO HAVe LARgeR bODY SIZe (SVL 27.0���27.8; N =2) THAN MALeS (SVL 23.4���25.4; N =11). JUVeNILe ITBCZ 4473 HAS LIgHTeR DORSAL COLORATION COMPAReD TO HOLOTYPe. AS IN MANY OTHeR SPeCIeS Of Leptolalax, COLORATION Of DORSAL SURfACeS IS LIgHTeR AT NIgHT AND geTS DARKeR IN DAYTIMe (IN ALL SPeCIMeNS), WHILe VeNTRAL COLORATION Of ALL SPeCIMeNS beCOMeS DARKeR AND CHANgeS COLOR fROM WHITISH TO ReDDISHbROWN OR bROWN AfTeR CAPTURe IN DAYTIMe OR AfTeR eUTHANIZATION. SKIN TeXTURe APPeARS TO be LeSS TUbeRCULATe IN PReSeRVATIVe THAN IT IS IN LIfe. MALeS Of L. rowleyae sp. nov. WHeN CALLINg INfLATe A COMPARATIVeLY LARge SINgLe SUbgULAR VOCAL SAC (FIg. 3C). Advertisement call. AS IN OTHeR MeMbeRS Of L. applebyi SPeCIeS gROUP, THe ADVeRTISeMeNT CALL Of THe NeW SPeCIeS RePReSeNTS A SeRIeS Of fAINT, qUITe RASPINg CLICKINg SIgNALS, TO HUMAN eAR SUPeRfICIALLY ReSeMbLINg A CALL Of AN ORTHOPTeRAN. CALL DeSCRIPTION IS bASeD ON THe ReCORDINg Of THe ADVeRTISeMeNT CALL Of THe HOLOTYPe, TAKeN AT 21.5 ��C AMbIeNT TeMPeRATURe. THe NeW SPeCIeS HAS SINgLe TYPe Of ADVeRTISeMeNT CALLS (N =10) CONSISTeD Of 4���6 NOTeS (MeAN 5.1 NOTeS PeR CALL; N =51), OR CLICKS, Of VARIAbLe (276���435 MS, MeAN 363 MS) DURATION, RePeATeD AT A RATe Of 8.6���11.3 (MeAN 11.2) NOTeS PeR SeCOND (FIg. 4). A DISTINCT INTRODUCTORY NOTe WAS NOT DISCeRNIbLe. NOTe DURATION VARIeD fROM 4���96 MS (MeAN 20 MS; N =51) AND CONSISTeD Of 1���7 DISTINCT PLUSeS (MeAN 2.1 PULSeS PeR NOTe; N =51). THe DOMINANT fReqUeNCY WAS 3.3 KHZ, HARMONICS WeRe NOT CLeAR bUT CAN be DeTeCTeD AT APPROXIMATeLY 10.5 AND 13.8 KHZ, AND THe fUNDAMeNTAL fReqUeNCY WAS NOT eVIDeNT. CALLS HAD AN AVeRAge INTeRCALL INTeRVAL Of 179 MS (68���428 MS; N =10). NOTe INTeRVAL AND THe NUMbeR Of NOTeS PeR CALL VARIeD SLIgHTLY WITHIN CALLINg bOUTS AND AMONg INDIVIDUALS. TAbLe 4 SHOWS THe VARIATION Of OTHeR CALL CHARACTeRISTICS AMONg eXAMINeD INDIVIDUALS Of THe NeW SPeCIeS. Tadpole description. DeSCRIPTION Of LARVAL MORPHOLOgY IS bASeD ON fOUR TADPOLeS ITBCZ 2790, ITBCZ 3579��� 81; GOSNeR (1960) STAgeS 27���38 (FIg. 5). TADPOLeS WeRe COLLeCTeD IN A MOUNTAIN STReAM, WHILe HIDINg beTWeeN PebbLeS ON THe STReAMbeD. TADPOLeS Of THe NeW SPeCIeS WeRe ACTIVe AT NIgHT AND AVOIDeD LIgHT bY HIDINg THeMSeLVeS beTWeeN ROCKS OR DeAD LeAVeS. Dorsal view. BODY Of TADPOLe ReACHeS A LeNgTH Of 13.8 MM IN THe STAge 31; bODY eLLIPTICAL, eLONgATeD (BW/BL 0.55���0.87, MeAN 0.69; N =4), WITH A ROUNDeD SNOUT. NAReS ANTeRODORSALLY POSITIONeD, NeAReR TO TIP Of SNOUT THAN TO PUPIL (RND/NPD 0.32���0.53; IND /IP 0.73���0.93). EYeS DORSOLATeRAL, LOCATeD AT THe POSTeRIOR eDge Of THe ANTeRIOR ONe fOURTH Of bODY LeNgTH. EYeS COMPARATIVeLY SMALL AND DISTINCT (ED/BL 0.06���0.12, MeAN 0.08; IP/BW 0.46���0.51, MeAN 0.48; N =4). THe MAXIMUM WIDTH Of TAIL MUSCULATURe COMPRISeS LeSS THAN A HALf Of bODY WIDTH (TMW/BW 0.42���0.46, MeAN 0.44; N =4) (FIg. 5B). NARIAL APeRTUReS WITH CHARACTeRISTIC geNTLY ROUNDeD RIMS, SLIgHTLY LIfTeD AbOVe bODY SURfACe. Lateral view. BODY LATeRALLY DePReSSeD (BH/BW 0.76���0.83, MeAN 0.79; N =4). CONe-SHAPeD SPIRACLe SINISTRAL, DIReCTeD POSTeRODORSALLY, POSITIONeD LATeRALLY AT POSTeRIOR HALf Of bODY (SS/BL 0.53���0.71, MeAN 0.61; N =4); CONICAL TUbe Of SPIRACLe IS fUSeD TO bODY WITH A fRee SHORT DISTAL PORTION. VeNT TUbe DeXTRAL, SePARATeD fROM bODY AND ATTACHeD TO LOWeR fIN (FIg. 5A). Tail. TAIL MUSCULAR, LONg, TAIL LeNgTH eXCeeDINg TWO TIMeS bODY LeNgTH (TAL /BL 2.21���2.95, MeAN 2.60; N =4), WITH A POINTeD TAIL TIP. TAIL MUSCULATURe DISTINCT (MTH/BH 0.52���0.71, MeAN 0.62; N =4), RUNNINg PARALLeL fROM TAIL bASe TO ANTeRIOR TWO THIRDS Of TAIL LeNgTH, THeN gRADUALLY TAPeRINg TO THe TIP Of TAIL. TAIL fINS ReLATIVeLY LOW; UPPeR TAIL fIN STARTS POSTeRIORLY Of TAIL bASe, UPPeR TAIL fIN eDge SLIgHTLY CONVeX; bOTH UPPeR AND LOWeR TAIL fINS ReACH MAXIMUM HeIgHT IN POSTeRIOR THIRD. Oral disc. CUP-LIKe ORAL DISC ANTeROVeNTRALLY POSITIONeD (ODW/BW 0.32���0.37, MeAN 0.34; N =4), fRINgeD WITH SHORT CONICAL PAPILLAe; KeRATODONT ROW fORMULA: 4(2���4)/3(1���2), WITH AbOUT TWO THIN SPIKe-LIKe KeRATODONTS PeR 0.1 MM IN THe STAge 38 (FIg. 5E); jAW SHeATHS bLACK, RObUST; UPPeR jAW AND LOWeR jAW SHeATHS ReMARKAbLY DeVeLOPeD WITH DISTINCTLY SeRRATeD eDgeS (FIg. 5D). Coloration in life. BODY OLIVe-bROWN TO gReY WITH DISTINCT WHITISH-gOLDeN SPeCKLINg ON DORSAL AND LATeRAL SURfACeS. IRIS DARK, MARbLeD, WITH fOUR bLACK STRIPeS AT THe eXTeRNAL MARgIN. VeNTRAL SIDe Of bODY TRANSLUCeNT, WITH INTeSTINAL SPIRAL CLeARLY VISIbLe. INTeRNAL gILLS DISTINCTLY ReDDISH. TAIL fIN TRANSLUCeNT, gReYISH-bROWN (FIg. 5A���C). Coloration in preservative. WHeN PReSeRVeD IN 5% SOLUTION Of fORMALIN, COLORATION fADeS SIgNIfICANTLY, bODY TURNS SeMI-TRANSLUCeNT, DORSALLY AND DORSOLATeRALLY LIgHT bROWN, VeNTRALLY TRANSLUCeNT, TURNINg WHITISH ON THROAT AND CHeST RegION. TAIL MUSCULATURe fADeS TO gReY, UPPeR AND LOWeR TAIL fIN ALMOST TRANSLUCeNT WITH SLIgHT INDISTINCT gReY PIgMeNTATION. DORSOLATeRAL PARTS Of HINDLIMbS WITH WHITISH TO gReYISH PIgMeNTATION. Measurements. THe VARIATION Of MORPHOLOgICAL CHARACTeRS Of THe TADPOLeS IS SHOWN IN TAbLe 5. Comparisons. Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. bOTH MORPHOLOgICALLY AND MOLeCULARLY IS MOST SIMILAR TO THe MeMbeRS Of THe SMALL-bODIeD L. applebyi SPeCIeS gROUP INHAbITINg IN THe CeNTRAL HIgHLANDS Of CeNTRAL AND SOUTHeRN VIeTNAM AND THe NORTHeASTeRN PART Of CAMbODIA INCLUDINg L. applebyi, L. ardens, L. bidoupensis, L. kalonensis, L. maculosus, L. melicus, L. pallidus, L. pyrrhops, AND L. tadungensis. COMPARISONS Of THe NeW SPeCIeS WITH THe MeMbeRS Of L. applebyi SPeCIeS gROUP APPeAR TO be THe MOST PeRTINeNT. Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. CAN be DISTINgUISHeD fROM ALL OTHeR SPeCIeS Of Leptolalax (NON-MeMbeRS Of L. applebyi SPeCIeS gROUP) RePORTeD fOR INDOCHINA AND SURROUNDINg AReAS IN ITS OVeRALL MORPHOLOgY AS fOLLOWS: IN HAVINg SMALL bODY SIZe (SVL 23.4���25.4 MM IN ADULT MALeS, 27.0���27.8 MM IN ADULT feMALeS), Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. CAN be DISTINgUISHeD fROM THe LARgeR CONgeNeRS INCLUDINg L. bourreti (MALeS 28.0���36.2 MM, feMALeS 42.0��� 45.0 MM), L. botsfordi (MALeS 29.1���32.6 MM, feMALeS 30.0���31.8 MM), L. eos (MALeS 33.1���34.7 MM, feMALe 40.7 MM), L. firthi (MALeS 26.4���29.2 MM, feMALeS 25.7���36.9 MM), L. fuliginosus (MALeS 28.2���30.0 MM), L. minimus (MALeS 25.7���31.4 MM, feMALeS 31.6���37.3 MM), L. nahangensis (MALe 40.8 MM), L. nyx (MALeS 26���30 MM, feMALeS 36���42 MM), L. pelodytoides (MALeS 27.5���32.3 MM, feMALeS 35.5���37.8 MM), L. petrops (MALeS 23.6���27.6 MM, feMALeS 30.3���47.0 MM); L. platycephalus (MALe 35.1 MM, feMALe 46.0 MM), L. puhoatensis (MALeS 24.2���28.1 MM, feMALeS 27.3���31.5 MM), L. solus (MALe 27.6 MM), AND L. sungi (MALeS 48.3���52.7 MM, feMALeS 56.7���58.9 MM), AND fROM THe SMALLeR SPeCIeS INCLUDINg L. kecil (MALeS 19.3���20.5 MM, feMALe 25 MM) AND L. pluvialis (MALeS 21.3���22.3 MM). IN HAVINg PINKISH MILK-WHITe TO LIgHTLY bROWN CHeST AND beLLY WITH NUMeROUS WHITe SPeCKLeS, THe NeW SPeCIeS ALSO DIffeRS fROM L. aereus, L. bourreti, L. firthi, L. fuliginosus, L. mininus, L. nahangensis, L. nyx, L. pelodytoides, L. solus, L. sungi, L. tuberosus, AND L. zhangyapingi (ALL Of WHICH HAVe MOSTLY WHITe, CReAMY WHITe OR PALe gReY VeNTeRS, WITHOUT WHITe SPeCKLINg AND WITH OR WITHOUT DARK SPOTS OR MOTTLINg); fROM L. botsfordi (VS. ReDDISH-bROWN VeNTRAL SURfACeS WITH WHITe SPeCKLINg); fROM L. croceus (VS. ORANge beLLY); fROM L. eos (VS. CReAMY WHITe beLLY WITH bROWN SPeCKLINg ALONg ITS MARgINS); fROM L. petrops (VS. PALe PINK AND SLIgHTLY TRANSLUCeNT beLLY, PARTICULARLY AT eITHeR SIDe Of THROAT; eDgeS Of THROAT PALe bROWN WITH WHITe SPeCKLINg, CONCeNTRATeD TOWARDS SNOUT; VeNTRAL SURfACe Of CHeST AND AbDOMeN IMMACULATe WHITe); fROM L. pluvialis (VS. gReY VeNTeR WITH DARK gReY MARbLINg, UNIfORM PALe gReY THROAT WITH SPeCKLINg AROUND ITS MARgINS); fROM L. puhoatensis (VS. ReDDISH-bROWN, OfTeN WITH fAINT WHITe DUSTINg IN MALeS AND A PALe PINK IN feMALeS); fROM L. melanoleucus AND L. ventripunctatus (bOTH DISPLAY LARge PATCHeS Of DISTINCT bROWN AND WHITe MARbLINg); fROM L. heteropus (VS. gReY VeNTeR, SPeCKLeD WITH bLACK); AND fROM L. kecil (VS. A UNIfORMLY DARK VeNTeR WITH LARge, DARK ORANge PeCTORAL gLANDS). BY HAVINg bLACK MARKINgS (SPOTS OR bLOTCHeS) ON THe fLANKS, THe NeW SPeCIeS CAN be fURTHeR DIffeReNTIATeD fROM L. aereus, L. croceus, L. eos, L. firthi, L. isos, AND L. tuberosus, ALL Of WHICH DO NOT HAVe THe MARKINgS. IN HAVINg A DISTINCT TYMPANUM, THe NeW SPeCIeS CAN be eASILY DIAgNOSeD fROM L. croceus AND L. tuberosus (THeSe TWO SPeCIeS TYMPANUM IS HIDDeN) AND fROM L. sungi (WHICH IS RePORTeD TO LACK eXTeRNAL TYMPANUM, HOWeVeR IN SOMe POPULATIONS AN INDISTINCT TYMPANUM IS STILL DISCeRNIbLe). IN HAVINg TOeS WITH bASAL WebbINg AND NO LATeRAL fRINgINg, Leptolalax rowleyae sp. nov. CAN be DISTINgUISHAbLe fROM L. eos, L. firthi, AND L. isos, ALL Of WHICH HAVe MORe eXTeNSIVe TOe WebbINg AND DISTINCT LATeRAL fRINgeS ON TOeS. IN HAVINg DORSAL SKIN MOSTLY SMOOTH WITH NUMeROUS TINY TUbeRCLeS, THe NeW SPeCIeS IS ALSO DISTINgUISHAbLe fROM L. croceus, L. isos, L. minimus, L. petrops, L. solus, L. tuberosus, AND L. ventripunctatus (ALL THeSe SPeCIeS HAVe ROUgHLY gRANULAR OR TUbeRCUL, Published as part of Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Dzung Trung Le, Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr., Vo, Ba Dinh, Phan, Hoa Thi, Duong, Tang Van, Murphy, Robert W. & Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, 2018, A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Son Tra Peninsula, central Vietnam, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 4388 (1) on pages 7-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1187777, {"references":["Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190."]}