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Air release caused by column separation in a pipeline was investigated in a test facility where column separation could be generated for any desired length of time. The temperature, pressure, amount of dissolved air, and the other variables affecting the process were carefully controlled. Tests were made for cases where there was no initial free air in the system and for cases where there was some initial free air. The parameters influencing air release were identified and empirical equations developed for predicting the amount of air released during each cycle of column separation.

This study provides a critique of regional base method for population and employment impacts. It uses a new approach to calculate the regional employment multiplier. The new approach tries to preserve the advantages of the regional base method and at the same time avoid some of the problems associated with it. This study estimates the changes in local service employment by industry and population in Uintah County, Utah, resulting from an oil shale development project with a 100,000 barrel-per-day capacity and an operating labor force of 2500. It also estimates the changes in total local service employment and population on a yearly basis for a period of 20 years.

This paper summarizes a ground-motion database developed for the NGA-Sub Project. The database consists of two- A nd three-component ground-motion recordings from selected earthquakes in subduction zones. The database also includes the supporting data such as source, path, and site metadata. The earthquakes are located in Japan, Taiwan, the Pacific Northwest region of North America, Alaska, Mexico, Central and South America, and New Zealand. The events in the database are classified as interface, intraslab, or outer-rise, and have magnitudes ranging from 4 to 9. The database includes more than 71,000 three-component recordings, most of which are from digital accelerograms. The database includes PGA, PGV, pseudo-spectral acceleration for eleven damping values between 0.5% and 30%, Fourier amplitude spectra for frequencies from 0.1 to 100 Hz, and significant-shaking durations based on Arias Intensity. These data are analyzed in the project to model various ground-motion properties.