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Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf: 648330 bytes, checksum: dc8b9cbfdb54739a82de9e17d3e1ea8b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf: 648330 bytes, checksum: dc8b9cbfdb54739a82de9e17d3e1ea8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf: 648330 bytes, checksum: dc8b9cbfdb54739a82de9e17d3e1ea8b (MD5) S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf.txt: 22316 bytes, checksum: 8749b63f0eab29e06879115bef3d3519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:54:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf: 648330 bytes, checksum: dc8b9cbfdb54739a82de9e17d3e1ea8b (MD5) S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf.txt: 22316 bytes, checksum: 8749b63f0eab29e06879115bef3d3519 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf: 648330 bytes, checksum: dc8b9cbfdb54739a82de9e17d3e1ea8b (MD5) S1519-566X2004000300007.pdf.txt: 22316 bytes, checksum: 8749b63f0eab29e06879115bef3d3519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-01 O presente estudo descreve, por meio de técnicas de histologia e ultramorfologia, os padrões morfológico e estrutural das glândulas hipofaríngeas de Polistes versicolor (Olivier), comparando-os aos de outros grupos de Hymenoptera. Além disso, analisa a presença de variações intraespecíficas dessas glândulas por meio de análises morfométricas das células secretoras de vespas em diferentes idades. Na espécie estudada foi constatada a presença de glândulas com características primitivas, possuindo células secretoras que desembocam individualmente na placa hipofaríngea. O padrão morfológico encontrado nas glândulas hipofaríngeas foi basicamente o mesmo para todas as vespas estudadas, entretanto o comprimento das células glandulares apresentou variações significativas entre indivíduos. Aparentemente essas variações não estão relacionadas com a idade. Using ultramorphological and histochemical techniques, this study describes the structural and morphological patterns of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) hypopharyngeal glands, comparing them with patterns of other Hymenopteran groups. Besides, the presence of intra-specific variation was evidenced by morphometric analysis of the secretory cells in wasps with different ages. The studied species presented glands with primitive characteristics, with secretory cells discharging individually in the hypopharyngeal plate. The morphological pattern found in hypopharyngeal glands was basically the same for all studied wasps, however, the length of glandular cells showed significant variations between individuals. Apparently these variations are not related with age. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia

In this investigation, we present an alternative technique to characterize the vibration signals by utilizing the morphological pattern spectrum (MPS) based on the mathematical morphology theory. Different from the conventional morphological pattern spectrum which is based on morphological open operator, we extend the morphological pattern spectrum with other morphological operators. Vibration signals measured from a gearbox with three operating states are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of MPS. Experimental results have demonstrated the extended MPS calculated based on morphological erosion operator to be very effective on characterizin g vibration signals for gear fault diagnosis.

Early South American groups have been described as possessing a different cranial morphology from the one typically observed among recent Native American populations. This peculiar morphology has been recurrently included in discussions about the initial human dispersion into the Americas, with different authors favoring contrasting scenarios to explain the origin of the morphological and biological diversity inside the continent. In this chapter, we summarize our latest results on the morphological affinities of Early Holocene South American groups and their implications for our understanding of the settlement of the Americas. Our analyses focus on early series from Lagoa Santa, East-Central Brazil, and Sabana de Bogota, Colombia, and are based on multivariate analyses of linear craniometric measurements of these series and reference worldwide populations. Our results indicate strong morphological affinities between early Americans and Late Pleistocene specimens from Europe and East Asia, suggesting that the first American groups shared the same morphological pattern seen in other parts of the planet by the end of the Pleistocene. These analyses suggest that the best scenario to explain the morphological diversity seen in the continent across time is one that assumes an extra influx of morphological diversity into the continent during the Holocene, given that in situ differentiation cannot explain the diversity observed across time. However, it is unclear with the present data the nature of this extra influx, if due to two discrete dispersion waves into the continent or if due to continuous gene-flow from Asia during the Holocene.

Several thousand species of beetles evolved impressive, exaggerated horns or horn-like structures. The horn phenotypic patterns and the developmental mechanisms are well documented especially in the Scarabaeidae, the family most predominated by species with horns. The regulation of horn expression appears to be extremely evolutionary labile to the extent that horn allometric patterns have been seen to rapidly diverge between closely related species. For this reason, it has been suggested that horn morphological pattern may be able to differentiate closely related and sibling species even when other traits fail. In this study, we used horn morphological pattern (shape and allometric variation) as a "tool" to evaluate the differentiation of two closely related scarab species, Copris klugi Harold and Copris sierrensis Matthews whose full species status has long been debated due to their high similarity. Combining traditional and geometric morphometric methods, we evidenced that male head horn phenotypic pattern is able to clearly differentiate C. klugi from C. sierrensis, supporting the hypothesis that they are two true species.

N + N compounds in Italian as well as in other Romance languages are differently judged in the current literature. Most scholars agree that only a subset should be treated as true compounds, while the rest is mostly rejected. However, it is not clear what the right criteria are for assessing their status as compounds or as syntactic units. In this paper, an entirely morphological approach will be advocated, which benefits from a careful distinction of two different senses of the term lexicon: the Bloomfieldian sense of the lexicon intended as a repository, the Lexicon1 and the morphological lexicon intended as the set of potential (regularly derived or compounded) lexemes of a language, the Lexicon2. The consistently morphological approach will help us shed light on the intricate issue of Romance compounding invoking general principles for keeping what results from a syntactic pattern and is likely to be a more or less entrenched unit, i.e. a Lex1-lexeme, and what is likely to be produced by an abstract morphological pattern, i.e. a Lex2-lexeme.

A case of neonatal-onset glutaric acidemia type II with electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) deficiency is presented. The morphological pattern of disease in the male infant included hypospadias, cryptorchidism, bilateral 13 ribs, nuclear cataract, cystic dysplasia of kidneys, lipid accumulation in the liver and renal tubular epithelium, and immature brain with white matter gliosis. The morphologic examination of the placenta revealed features of delayed maturation, including large-for-gestational-age size and abundant immature intermediate villi with cellular syncytiotrophoblast, persistent villous cytotrophoblast, and decreased syncytial knots. In addition, immature intermediate villi showed exaggeration of lacunar interstitial spaces consistent with nonhydropic villous edema. Marked lipid accumulation was seen within extravillous trophoblasts of placental septa and cell islands. Light lipid accumulation was also noted within fibroblasts of stem villi. These findings suggest that in glutaric acidemia type II, fatty acid oxidation could also be affected in the placenta.

Introduction Parotid tumours are heterogeneous neoplasms with complex morphology and dubious clinical characters. The aim of our study was to assess the demographics, frequency, morphology, management & long term follow up results of the patients undergoing parotidectomy. Methodology This prospective study was conducted on all parotidectomies performed at the Dept. of Surgery and Surgical Oncology of three premiere teaching institutes of Kolkata between January 2011 to December 2015. Result and discussion The mean age of presentation in our study was comparable with other series [9,10]. Pleomorphic adenoma was most common with 51 (41.5%) patients and Warthin's tumour was 2nd most common with 19 (15.4%) patients. Permanent facial nerve palsy was seen in 0.04% of our patients. Pain (41.3%) and swelling (100%) were the most frequent presenting feature of malignancy. 15 (34%) patients with malignant tumour required additional reconstruction by pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Conclusion Our study came out with many similarities in clinical course of parotid tumours in other parts of the world as well as a few individual findings. Surgery with optimum preoperative planning and counselling remains the mainstay of treatment.

It has become common to divide ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast into two main groups, comedo or noncomedo by tumor morphology. But noncomedo DCIS can be further stratified into several morphological patterns that exhibit several different growth patterns and most DCIS lesions have more than one pattern. In this study, DCIS elements were classified by morphological pattern and the association between predominant or recessive elements of DCIS lesions and clinicopathological findings was evaluated.DCIS lesions from 46 patients were studied regarding the histological architectural patterns: comedo, cribriform, papillary, solid and micropapillary. The predominant architectural pattern which comprised more than 50% of the cells of the cancerous lesion was defined as the major element of the tumor and minor elements consisted of less than 50% but more than 25% of cells comprising the tumor.Of 24 tumors containing a comedo pattern as the major or minor element, 9 (38%) had microscopic intraductal spread over 2 cm and 11 (46%) had involvement of lobules, which was significantly higher than that observed in other types. Of 20 tumors containing a cribriform pattern as the major or minor element, 8 (40%) had microscopic intraductal spread over 2 cm and 9 (45%) had involvement of lobules, which was significantly higher than that seen in other types. Of 10 tumors containing a papillary type as the major or minor element, 5 (50%) had discrete multicentric lesions in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast, which was significantly higher than that seen in other types.DCIS lesions containing a comedo or cribriform element are more likely to have microscopic spread and involvement of lobules and DCIS lesions containing a papillary element are likely to be multicentric, whether the pattern are predominant in the tumor or not.

Objectives Adenocarcinoma comprises a group of diseases with heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics. COPD and lung cancer are strictly related; to date it is unknown if COPD-associated cancers have different features from tumours arising in non-COPD patients. Our aim was to study COPD-associated adenocarcinoma phenotypes mainly focusing on morphological and molecular aspects, in comparison to smoke-related cancer without COPD. Materials and methods From 2010 to 2013, 54 patients with adenocarcinoma (20 COPD and 34 smokers) were prospectively studied. Each patient underwent a complete clinical and instrumental assessment. Morphological studies included analysis of growth pattern, cell proliferation (Ki-67/MIB1 expression) and parameters of intra- and peri-tumoral remodelling (inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis). Genetic analysis of EGFR and KRAS mutations was also performed. Results The two groups were comparable for the main demographic and biohumoral parameters except for increased blood basophil cell count in the COPD group. Compared to COPD, tumours of smokers presented an increased percentage of solid component (median: 20% vs 5%, p = 0.02), a reduced percentage of lepidic pattern (median: 0% vs 10%, p = 0.06) and higher Ki-67/MIB1 median value (55% vs 30%, p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis lepidic and solid histological pattern were significantly influenced by clinical group (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). Concerning EGFR mutation, no differences were found between groups while KRAS mutation presented a trend of higher percentage in smokers compared to COPD (41% vs 20%, p = NS). Adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutation showed a higher value of Ki-67/MIB1 (65% vs 35%, p = 0.048) and prevalent solid pattern (35% vs 10%, p = 0.019) in comparison to wild-type form. Conclusions COPD-related adenocarcinoma presents molecular and morphological features of lower aggressiveness (increased lepidic component, reduced solid pattern, lower cell proliferation and less frequent KRAS mutation) compared to smokers. Different molecular mechanisms could be associated with the development of COPD associated cancer.

Quantitative and qualitative assessments of subnasal morphology in fossil hominids yield distinct patterns which have been used both to sort robust from nonrobust australopithecine taxa and to distinguish individual species. Recently, new developmental models have been applied to hominoid subnasal morphological variation. These studies require that certain features of the fossil hominid subnasal region, in particular the topography of the nasal cavity entrance and details of vomeral morphology, be reevaluated. This study does so for the robust and nonrobust australopithecines, early Homo (H. habilis/H. rudolfensis), and African H. erectus. Results reaffirm an overall similarity of the nonrobust Australopithecus subnasal morphological pattern with that of the chimpanzee. They further indicate that a vomeral insertion above the nasal surface of the premaxilla should be added to the list of traits characteristic of the robust australopithecine subnasal morphological pattern. Finally, reassessment of subnasal morphology in the early Homo and H. erectus samples from Africa suggest that these two taxa share a similar subnasal morphological pattern. This pattern consists of a smooth nasal cavity entrance, a horizontal nasal sill whose anterior edge is demarcated by a strong nasal crest, and a well-developed horizontal spine at the posterior edge of the nasal sill. Although none of the African fossil Homo specimens preserve a vomer, indirect evidence suggests that it would have inserted above the nasal sill.

Bergquist and Källén as well as Puelles and collaborators have presented models of the developing vertebrate brain, the basic units of which are formed by intersection of transversely oriented neuromeres and longitudinally arranged zones. These units represent initially discrete, developmentally independent compartments, but during later development some (many?) are invaded by sizable numbers of neuroblasts generated in adjacent units. No consensus exists with regard to the number and arrangement of the units involved in the formation of the telencephalon and hypothalamus.

Purpose The objectives of the present study were to investigate the utility of an ultrasound echo enhancer in the evaluation of the dignity of breast tumors and to identify the best examination parameters. Patients and methods 68 breast tumors in 61 female patients who were referred for operative tumor removal were examined by color-coded duplex sonography before and after administration of Levovist. The investigated parameters were: a) the degree of enhancement, b) the number of tumor vessels, c) the time to maximum enhancement, and d) the morphological pattern and course of vessels. Results With regard to parameters A, B, and C there were in part pronounced overlaps between malignant (n = 44) and benign (n = 24) lesions. The best differentiation was found for parameter D with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 83%. In all previously operated patients a distinction between a postoperative scar (n = 8) and a tumor recurrence (n = 13) was possible. Conclusions The use of Levovist leads to a clear improvement in the evaluation of dignity by duplex sonography. On the basis of our preliminary results, the characteristic pattern of vascular morphology and course is the best examination parameter. In particular, the otherwise difficult distinction between scar and recurrence appears to be an interesting application.

In the present study, we investigate the development of sex differences in the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract (BAOT), a sexually dimorphic structure in which masculinization of male rats depends on the level of postnatal estradiol. Male and female Wistar rats were sacrificed postnatally when they were 1, 3, 7, 15, 45 and 60 days old, and stereological methods were used to estimate the volume and number of neurons in the BAOT of the subjects. With respect to volume, sex differences were established from P15. In relation to the number of neurons, the males acquire their adult morphological parameter by P15, while females show a decrease (P3), increase (from P3 to P15) and later decrease (from P15 to P45). Sex differences from P3 to P7 might be related to greater cell death in the BAOT of the females. These results support the hypothesis that both male and female rats reach their adult morphological pattern within this sexually dimorphic nucleus in an active manner.

An unusual morphological pattern in the lymph node can at times, pose a diagnostic problem. We report a case of a 55 year old male whose cervical lymph node biopsy showed an unusual pattern of follicular colonization by T-lymphoblasts. The interfollicular area showed a diffuse infiltrate of Langerhans cells. A diagnosis of a T lymphoblastic lymphoma coexisting with Langerhans cell histiocytosis like lesion was made, keeping in mind lack of clinical evidence for the latter.

The majority of malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) occur in the pleura, but they may also arise in the peritoneum, the pericardium, or the tunica vaginalis testis. MM is a great mimic and its morphology is so variable that a vast number of different primary and secondary tumors of the body cavities must be considered in differential diagnosis. Another diagnostic challenge is distinguishing MM from reactive lesions, i.e., epithelioid MM from benign mesothelial hyperplasia and sarcomatoid or desmoplastic MM from fibrous pleuritis. Diffuse MM arising in any site and exhibiting any subtype or morphological pattern may have asbestos etiology. Localized MM is an uncommon circumscribed tumor of the serosal membranes, with microscopic characteristics of MM. It is so rare that a possible causal association with asbestos is not known.

International audience; The self-consistent model based on morphological representative patterns is applied to the realistic case of the linear viscoelasticity of polymers reinforced by elastic nano-particles coated with a viscoelastic interphase. This approach allows to study the effect of such microstructure parameters as particle dispersion, particle size distribution and interparticle distance distribution. Under the assumption that the interphase has the same thickness around all reinforcing particles, it is shown that the particle size distribution has little effect on the effective properties of the heterogeneous material, whereas the particle dispersion and the interparticle distance distribution have stronger impacts.

Craniometric data from the three extinct tribes that inhabited Tierra del Fuego (Selk'nam, Yamana, and Kaweskar) were gathered following Howells's measurement technique. We studied 180 skulls preserved at thirteen different institutions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups showed that morphological similarities among Fueguian groups are far more important than some differences between marine (Yamana and Kaweskar) and terrestrial (Selk'nam) groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) generated from the correlation matrix shows that Fueguians fall as outliers with respect to the typical Mongoloid morphology. In addition, a UPGMA tree generated from a squared Euclidean distance matrix indicates that Fueguian groups have a morphological pattern that is very distinct from that of other present-day Amerindian groups, with the exception of the Eskimos. One of the variables that contributes substantially to the differentiation of Eskimos and Fueguians is the nasal height. This suggests that nasal morphology in both groups could be a response to adaptive pressures related to the cold environment. However, other morphological particularities of Fueguian skulls, such as craniofacial robustness and variables of craniofacial width, can be attributed to a large masticatory stress. As a whole, the morphological features of Fueguian groups can be regarded as a general adaptive response to a very harsh environment, along with the retention of some plesiomorphic features. Assuming that the initial entry in Tierra de Fuego took place around 10,000 years BP, before the disappearance of the last land bridges in the Magellan Straits, then this adaptation might have arisen in a relatively short period, hastened by the extreme environmental conditions. Am J Phys Anthropol 103:103–117, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Few studies have investigated the interest of the morphological representative pattern (MRP) micromechanical approach. This approach denes a micromechanics framework that accounts for the material morphological characteristics. The MRP approach within a self-consistent scheme was introduced by Bornert (1996, Comput. Mater. Sci., 5, 17-31) and it was mainly applied by him and his coauthors. In a recent work (Diani et al., 2013, Mech. Mater., 59, 65-72.), the authors studied the viscoelastic behavior of several carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubbers (SBR). The experimental data showed evidences in favor of the existence of an interphase at the rubber-filler interface, with enhanced viscoelastic propertiescompared to the bulk matrix viscoelasticity. The behavior and the thickness of the interphase were estimated using a plain 4-layered spherical inclusion model. The model show very good estimate ofthe viscoelasticity of several filled SBRs but the interphase thickness was estimated to an arguably large value of 5 nm for spherical particle of 30 nm of radius. Therefore, it seems interesting to apply a modeling approach that allows us to introduce more morphological parameters and see how theinterphase thickness evolves. With the MRP approach, one may study the impact of parameters like particle concentration, particle size distribution and particle distance distribution. The method isapplied to our carbon-black filled rubbers for which the carbon-black clusters are approximated by spherical elastic particle and the polymer interphase and matrix are viscoelastic. The mechanical behavior of the constitutive phases are realistic and therefore the behavior of the homogeneous equivalent media are compared to the behavior of an actual carbon-black filled SBR. Considering actual materials will give a realistic framework to study the impact of some of the theoretical parameters of the MRP approach.

Background: Assessment of lymph node reactivity pattern is an important indicator of the host response status and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aim: To assess the prognostic significance of lymph node react­ ivity patterns in OSCC. Settings and Design: This is a cross­sectional study aimed correlating host status and prognosis of OSCC. Materials and Method: Morphological patterns of lymph nodes received from 30 histologically proven cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. Five different patterns of the lymph node reaction were categorized (lymphocytic predominance, germinal center predominance, sinus histiocytosis, normal lymph node and lymphocytic depleted) and compared with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Statistical Analysis Used: TNM, Histological grading parameters and Lymph node reactivity pattern were compared with the event of recurrence of OSCC and death of patient using Fisher’s Exact test. Survival of the patients was analyzed for association with lymph node patterns using Log rank test. Results: Recurrence of the tumour was seen in association with all the patterns, with higher rates of mortality seen in patients with sinus histiocytosis of lymph node. Conclusion: Morphological pattern being an aid in predicting prognosis, cannot be used as a lone predictor. An attempt is made to identify and discuss the possible pathogenesis for the reaction patterns.

Summary The sperm structure of five external fertilizing bivalve molluscs pertaining to the Mytilidae family is compared. Apart from examining if such gamete structure conforms to the primitive sperm form of the type I predicted by Franen, a major aim of the study is to compare the development and structure of some organelles whose evolution among the bivalve sperms has also been associated with the style of fertilization (whether external or within brooding chambers where the retained eggs are fertilized). Observations are specially focused on examining the existence of the acrosome, its morphology and the way in which it develops as well as on the pattern of condensation of the nucleus. Finally, the morphology of the mitochondria, conforming the mid-piece, is also examined. The sperms studied conform to the primitive general type proposed for external fertilizing species as well to the morphological pattern presented by other free-spawning bivalve molluscs. A well developed acrosome is observed, support...

We present a pilot study for building an Arabic morphological Pattern Net as a lexical semantic resource. In this paper, a limited number of Arabic Morphological Patterns have been selected in order to analyze the structure and behavior of some verbs in the Arabic PropBank [19]. Our goal is to study whether there is a direct relationship between morphological patterns and verbal semantic roles. The approach to building our morphological patterns' database is based on linguistic generalization of the semantic roles of the verbal predicates. The results obtained show the feasibility of a more comprehensive future study.

International audience; The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) also called X-linked centronu-clear myopathy is a rare congenital myopathy due to mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding myotubularin. The disease gives rise to a severe muscle weakness in males at birth. The main muscle morphological characteristics (significant number of small muscle fibers with centralized nuclei and type 1 fiber predominance) are usually documented, but the sequence of formation and maintenance of this particular morphological pattern has not been extensively characterized in humans. In this study, we perform a reevaluation of morphological changes in skeletal muscle biopsies in severe XLMTM. We correlate the pathologic features observed in the muscle biopsies of 15 newborns with MTM1-mutations according to the " adjusted-age " at the time of muscle biopsy, focusing on sequential analysis in the early period of the life (from 34 weeks of gestation to 3 months of age). We found a similar morphological pattern throughout the period analyzed; the proportion of myofibers with central nuclei was high in all muscle biopsies, independently of the muscle type, the age of the newborns at time of biopsy and the specific MTM1 mutation. We did not observe a period free of morphological abnormalities in human skeletal muscle as observed in myotubularin-deficient mouse models. In addition, this study demonstrated some features of delayed maturation of the muscle fibers without any increase in the number of satellite cells, associated with a marked disorgani-zation of the muscle T-tubules and cytoskeletal network in the skeletal muscle fibers.

Shape analysis and recognition is an important issue in modern image processing and computer vision. It needs to solve three problems: possibility, sensitivity and robustness. To deal with the third one, this paper proposes the high order morphological pattern (HP) spectrum which relies upon the difference between two different sized alternating sequential morphological transformations on the original image. The HP spectrum is characterized by the translating invariance and rotating invariance for the isotropic structuring element. It is also proved that the higher order components of HP spectrum for a noisy image are exactly identical to these for the noise—free image under certain conditions. Also, the results of the experiments conducted, have shown that the HP spectrum shows the strongest robustness in a noisy environment.

This paper deals with the relationship of allometric growth, differential increase of certain morphometric characters to the total length, and of the weight to the total length during growth in length of the grey mullets Liza saliens (Risso) and Liza ramada (Risso). Specimens of both sexes were collected in the Messologhi-Etoliko lagoon in western Greece. The equation used for the morphometric character Y was d Y d TL = a × b × TL b − 1 which gives information on the tendency of each morphometric character to grow in relation to total length and also gives a quantitative expression of this and the size of each character. The equation used for length-weight relationship was W = a × TLb. It is shown that the differential increase in the morphometric characters in relation to the increase in total length gives a tendency for the body of L. saliens to be slender and the body of L. ramada to be spherical. This was confirmed by data on length-weight relationships.

Background: Diagnostic problems may arise in multiple myeloma if the morphological pattern is not typical for a plasmocytoma and if it is not possible to assign a specimen to one of

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T19:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:41:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:01:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Amphibians share with other ectothermic vertebrates an extracutaneous pigmentary system consisting of melanin-containing cells in various organs and tissues. We describe the interspecific variation in the visceral pigmentation in three anuran species (Scinax similis, S. fuscovarius, and S. fuscomarginatus). We analyzed the visceral pigmentation of 15 adult males from each species during the reproductive period. The individuals were weighed and measured, and the pigmented visceral cells were classified and documented in stereomicroscope. The shape and amount of pigment cells differed among organs and also among species. Significant differences were detected in the cardiorespiratory system, digestory system, urogenital system, and lumbosacral peritoneum. In the urogenital system, the main difference was observed in the testes, in which only S. fuscomarginatus had varying degrees of pigmentation. Anat Rec, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. São Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol, Postgrad Program Anim Biol, São Paulo, Brazil Goias Fed Inst IFG, Dept Biol, Goiania, Go, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol, São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol, Postgrad Program Anim Biol, São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Biol, São Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 02/08016-9 FAPESP: 05/02919-5 FAPESP: 06/57990-9 FAPESP: 08/52389-0 FAPESP: 11/01840-7

Heritage and culture are considered as fundamental lever for local and regional development in the Rome’s metropolitan plan. The Plan interprets nature, heritage and culture as key value that characterize the metropolitan identities. Settlement’s transformations in the plan arise from the settlement’s morphology and historical territory’s form and encourage a double polycentrism (Rome and 120 small municipalities). One of the general aim of the plan is to reorganize present settlement emphasizing existing morphological pattern by using principles of the compact city. The paper would like to point out the importance of some compact city’s arguments for the project of the dispersal contemporary city.

Recent ultrastructural investigations revealed early epithelial lesions in Crohn’s disease, while a specific morphological pattern was not identifiable. An increase in plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, as well as focal edema and inflammation of tissue structures was seen in the lamina propria, submucosa and deeper layers. The results are consistent with the frequent discussion about a pathogenetically significant defect of the mucosal ‘barrier function’, which consists of mechanical, cellular, humoral, immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms, including different histotopographically defined lines of defense of the epithelium and lamina propria. An intact epithelial layer plays an important role as the first line of defense. It is evident that components of the epithelial barrier (absorptive cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, M cells) show ultrastructural signs of alteration or injury, while the primary agent or event remains unknown. Another pathomechanism would be a preexisting defect in intestinal ‘barrier function’. Such a defect would result in an increased uptake of, or an inadequate immune reaction to, ubiquitously occurring antigens/agents (with genetic predisposition). However, no primary defect of epithelial or inflammatory cells has been definitely identified so far. Direct toxic damage of tissue secondarily introducing the inflammatory changes is also possible. Although the morphological alterations in Crohn’s disease are not yet clearly understood and exactly interpreted, transmission electron microscopy has been helpful in defining early lesions and has led to further knowledge about the pathogenesis of this disease.

Background: Tinea capitis (TC) is a common superficial fungal infection seen predominantly in children. The etiological factors vary from one region to the other. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of the same were studied in patients up to the age of 12 years seen at a pediatric superspeciality hospital in New Delhi, India. Aims: To delineate the various patterns of TC observed in North India and to assess for any correlation between the clinical, microscopic and microbiologic findings in the patients seen. Also, to identify the common fungal species responsible for producing TC in North India. Methods: Clinical morphology and KOH findings were studied in 214 patients with the suspected diagnosis of TC. Fungal culture were also performed for all the cases. An attempt was made to evaluate any correlation among the clinical, microscopic and etiological findings. The epidemiological factors associated with the disease were also assessed. Results: TC was found to be most common in the 8-10-year age group, with noninflmmatory TC being the more common type (56.5%). A mixed morphological pattern was recorded in 10% of the cases. Microscopic examination revealed an endothrix pattern of hair invasion to be more common (41.5% cases). Again, 8.8% of the cases showed foci of both endothrix and ectothrix pattern of invasion simultaneously. Trichophyton violaceum was the most common fungal species isolated. Conclusions: In the present study, clinical morphology or KOH findings were not found to be clearly or exclusively predictive of the species involved. There was a fair degree of overlap in the clinical or microscopic patterns produced by the fungal species. Mixed patterns were observed both on clinical examination as well as on KOH examination. However, none of the specimens grew more than one fungal species.

Background: There is a wide variation in the incidence of childhood tumors world wide. The relative incidence of childhood tumors in developing countries is increasing and might add significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. There is need to determine the incidence of childhood cancer in different centers of the country and contribute to the National cancer register Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the burden and patterns of childhood tumour in our environment. Methods: A retrospective review of histologically diagnosed cases of childhood tumours seen from January 2000 to 2007 from the records of the department of Morbid Anatomy of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria was carried out. All the cases were analyzed for age and gender distribution as well as histological types Results: Malignant tumours constituted 30.50% of the tumours of which retinoblastoma is the most common. The most common benign tumour was fibroadenoma accounting for 36.2% of all benign tumours. The female to male ratio for malignant and benign tumours are 1:1 and 1:1.3 respectively. The peak age incidence was 11 – 15 years for benign and 1 – 5 for malignant tumours. . Conclusion: The study showed decrease in the annual incidence of childhood tumours in Lagos. There was however no difference in the pattern when compared with other centers in Nigeria and in other African countries. Keywords : Morphology, Pattern, Childhood, Solid tumours

Early American crania show a different morphological pattern from the one shared by late Native Americans. Although the origin of the diachronic morphological diversity seen on the continents is still debated, the distinct morphology of early Americans is well documented and widely dispersed. This morphology has been described extensively for South America, where larger samples are available. Here we test the hypotheses that the morphology of Early Americans results from retention of the morphological pattern of Late Pleistocene modern humans and that the occupation of the New World precedes the morphological differentiation that gave rise to recent Eurasian and American morphology. We compare Early American samples with European Upper Paleolithic skulls, the East Asian Zhoukoudian Upper Cave specimens and a series of 20 modern human reference crania. Canonical Analysis and Minimum Spanning Tree were used to assess the morphological affinities among the series, while Mantel and Dow-Cheverud tests based on Mahalanobis Squared Distances were used to test different evolutionary scenarios. Our results show strong morphological affinities among the early series irrespective of geographical origin, which together with the matrix analyses results favor the scenario of a late morphological differentiation of modern humans. We conclude that the geographic differentiation of modern human morphology is a late phenomenon that occurred after the initial settlement of the Americas. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

In this paper we present the morphological operator pecstrum, or pattern spectrum, as a feature extractor of discriminating characteristics in microscopic leukocytes images for classification purposes. Pecstrum provides an excellent quantitative analysis to model the morphological evolution of nuclei in blood white cells, or leukocytes. According to their maturity stage, leukocytes have been classified by medical experts in six categories, from myeloblast to polymorphonuclear corresponding to the youngest and oldest extremes, respectively. A feature vector based on the pattern spectrum, normalized area, and nucleus - cytoplasm area ratio, was tested using a multilayer perceptron neural network trained by backpropagation, and a Support Vector Machine algorithm. Results from Euclidean distance and k-nearest neighbor classifiers are also reported as reference for comparison purposes. A recognition rate of 87% was obtained in the best case, using 36 patterns for training and 18 for testing, with a three-fold validation scheme. Additional experiments exploring larger databases are currently in progress.

In the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumors, the assessment of the overall architectural pattern (silhouette) is often essential. We have previously shown by a computer simulation model that tumor patterns are likely to depend on the relative degrees of proliferation and motility of the tumor cells. In this study, we examined the morphological pattern of 12 cases each of nevocellular nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma by image analysis. The patterns of the individual melanocytic skin tumors were compared statistically with patterns generated by computer simulation, which facilitates estimates of biological properties of the tumor cells. Additionally, mitotic counts were made to measure tumor cell proliferation. A comparison of the three diagnostic groups revealed that the cells of nevocellular nevi show a low degree of motility, which, however, still exceeds the very low degree of proliferation. Thus, an "invasive" pattern with numerous small nests and single cells at the base of the lesion is common. In primary malignant melanoma, tumor cell motility and tumor cell proliferation are significantly increased in various proportions, thus leading to varying morphological patterns. In metastatic melanoma, a strikingly elevated degree of proliferation exceeds the only slightly elevated degree of motility and leads to sharply demarcated, "expansive" lesions. To check the validity of the technical procedure, estimates of proliferation based on pattern analysis alone were compared with the results obtained by mitotic counts. There was a significant correlation, indicating that the assumptions of the computer model and the image analysis procedure are in fact applicable to real-life melanocytic skin tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Morphological pattern spectrum was used to shape features description and analysis of visible/near infrared spectra. Based on the firstly constructed multi-scale Gaussian structure elements, which have similar shape to local feature of spectra, we calculated pattern spectrums of 10 mineral spectra from USGS mineral spectral library, and then we compared both the similarity and k-means clustering results of the original spectrum with that of the corresponding pattern spectrum. The results show that pattern spectrum increases differences between different categories, but retains similarity within a category, and pattern spectrum is more separable than the original spectra. Mineral spectra classification has higher accuracy based on pattern spectrum rather than the original spectra.

To investigate whether regional calcification patterns at CT coronary artery calcium scoring (CCS) correlate with stenosis and non-calcified plaque formation.We studied 106 patients with quantitative catheter angiography (QCA), CCS, and coronary CT angiography (cCTA). CCS was determined globally and for each artery separately. The morphological pattern of each calcification was classified as calcified nodule, shell-like, or diffuse. cCTA studies were evaluated for non-calcified plaque. The global and regional CCS and the calcification pattern were correlated with stenosisor=50% and non-calcified plaque.A total of 48/106 patients had stenosisor=50% on QCA. There was weak correlation (r = 0.36) of the global CCS with stenosis. Correlation was stronger per vessel (r = 0.55-r = 0.67). Shell-like and diffuse calcifications were significantly (p = 0.0001) more frequently associated withor=50% stenosis and non-calcified plaque (p = 0.04) than calcified nodules.As shown before, the global CCS does not correlate well with stenosis. However, regional calcium distribution and specific patterns of calcification are correlated with stenosis and non-calcified plaque. Thus, the specificity of CT calcium scoring for identifying individuals with obstructive disease could be improved by vessel-based rather than global quantification of calcium and by differentiating specific morphological patterns of calcification.

The karyotype of specimens identified as Calomys lepidus, trapped at 3600 m above sea level in the Puna region, northwestern Argentina, was studied. All specimens analysed showed a 2n = 44 (NF(a) = 68) asymmetrical karyotype with 13 pairs of metacentric/submetacentric autosomes and 7 pairs of telocentric chromosomes. The X was a medium-sized submetacentric and the Y a small submetacentric chromosome. This karyotype was quite different from that previously described for C. lepidus from Peru (2n = 36, NF(a) = 68). However, both karyotypes may be easily interrelated by means of four centric fusions, and the chromosome complement of Punian C. lepidus fitted into a previously proposed chromosomal phylogeny of the genus. In addition, the spermatozoa of specimens corresponded to a morphological pattern previously described for other species of Calomys.

In order to classify the mental tasks in Brain-Computer Interfaces(BCI), a feature extraction method based on morphological pattern spectrum is here proposed. Flat morphological structure element is selected according to the characteristics of electroencephalography(EEG) and morph-ological features of different scales are obtained with pattern spectrum. Then, support vector machines(SVM) is used as the classifier. Testing results show that the average classification accuracy is up to 97.7% for two kinds of mental tasks and 93.0% for five kinds of mental tasks. This method has a simple calculation and effective feature extraction performance, so it could be a valid method for real time control of EEG.

Both femora of 364 individuals of southern African tribes and South Africans of European origin were analysed for population and side differences. Emphasis was placed on multivariate analyses, although uni-and bivariate statistics were also employed and discussed. While the latter analyses did not provide conclusive results, all multivariate tests were highly significant and demonstrated that differences between samples were predominantly due to shape variability, especially of the proximal part of the femur. Among southern African Negroes a morphological gradient seemed to be apparent between Sothos, Zulus and Xosas following a clinal pattern. Differences between southern African tribes and Europeans were marked, but may, at least in part, be accounted for by different environmental factors and activity levels. Side differences of femora were found to be pronounced in all populations studied and also showed a comparable morphological pattern between the samples. The left femur was generally more robust than the right indicating that it was better suited to withstand axial forces and medio-lateral bending. Thus, the findings lend support to the hypothesis that there exist a universal pattern of lateralization, whereby the left lower limb is commonly used for weight-bearing while the right one is more likely used for motor-tasks.

With the aim to verify the changes that a reduction of the oxygen rate may elicit in the morphological pattern of the human chorionic villi, a new experimental procedure has been suggested. Chorionic villi from human early placentas were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified medium of Eagle in the presence of oxygen, air or CO2 at a gas pressure equal to 0.7 atm. The specimens were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in resin, and semithin sections were obtained. Using an image analyser, the thickness of the trophoblastic layer and the mean radius of the villi were evaluated and the results submitted to a statistical analysis. The results show a decrease in the ratio thickness of the trophoblast/mean radius of the villus, directly proportional to the reduction of the oxygen percentage in the employed gases. The interesting conclusions demonstrate that the changes which affect the chorionic villi occur very early and are easily evaluable with quantitative methods; a clinical interest in the use of the proposed quantitative procedure can be emphasized.

The type IV allantoplacenta has been described for the New World tropical scincids lizards of the genus Mabuya; it possesses the greatest morphological complexity known among viviparous squamates. Although a common morphological pattern has been observed in the few species of this lineage in which the allantoplacental morphology has been studied, some morphological variations may be present among species and populations. Here, we report morphological variation of the allantoplacenta of twelve populations of the genus Mabuya distributed in different geographical areas in northern South America using light microscopy. It is found that all the populations/species conserve a general arrangement of the placental structures. In the embryonic hemisphere there are a placentome, paraplacentome, and chorionic areolas; these structures are related to histotrophic nutrition. At the abembryonic hemisphere, there are absorptive plaques for histotrophic transfer and respiratory segments for gas exchange. However, in some populations some distinctive features in the placentome were found. The presence in the uterine syncytium of non syncytialized columnar cell groups, and invasive cells and apical projections of the chorionic cells directed toward the uterine syncytium, constitute a localized endotheliochorial placenta. Likewise, variations found in the abembryonic region include a greater morphological complexity, such as the folded and delimited absorptive plaques, and highly folded regions at the abembryonic pole (folded respiratory segments integrated with folded absorptive plaques). These specializations allow a larger surface for the passage of nutrients and respiratory exchange. Replication and the regionalized differentiation of the absorptive plaques were probably instrumental in the emergence of specialized structures for nutrient transport such as the placentome and the different types of absorptive plaques. These developmental processes appear to underlie the evolution of the placental complexity within thegenus Mabuya by the morphological variation of serial homologous structures.

Background: Interface dermatitis is a morphological pattern of inflammatory dermatoses characterized by significant histological alterations involving the dermo-epidermal junction. Based on the degree of inflammation and degenerations of the basal layer, it is broadly categorized into vacuolar and lichenoid sub-types. The dermal changes may be confined to the superficial layers only or may involve the deeper dermis as well. Diagnostic entities having diverse etiologies and prognostic significance may present with this morphological pattern warranting a proper diagnosis for effective management. Aims: 1. To study histomorphology of inflammatory dermatoses presenting with interface pattern 2. To evolve algorithms for further categorization of interface dermatitis Methods: A prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital for a period of three years. All skin biopsies showing interface dermatitis were evaluated giving due importance to additional changes in epidermis and dermis. Results: A total of seventy four cases of inflammatory dermatoses presenting with interface pattern were encountered. Majority of the cases were seen in adults in the age group of 30 to 60 years, with slight female preponderance (53.4%). Lichen planus and its variants accounted for the bulk (68.9%) of the cases. All the cases were further stratified based on epidermal changes. Diagnostic algorithms were developed taking into account the epidermal and dermal changes for initial approach to all cases. Conclusion: A thorough evaluation of epidermal alterations and strong correlation with clinical findings aid in contemplating proper diagnosis for cases presenting with interface pattern of dermatitis. Keywords: Interface; Lichenoid eruptions; Histopathology; Algorithms.

The myenteric plexus has a regular characteristic morphological pattern for each segment of the digestive tube and for each species of animal. Considering the lack of data pertaining to the mentioned plexus in rats of Holtzman lineage, the objective of this investigation was to carry out a morpho-quantitative study of the myenteric neurons in the ileum, by means of histological sections and whole-mount muscular preparations treated by the NADH-diaphorase method. The profiles of the cell bodies (CB) of the neurons in the mesenteric and antimesenteric regions were counted and measured. The neurons were classified according to the dimensions of the CBs. NADH-dp myenteric neurons were observed grouped together into ganglia in the muscular tunica. The mean neuronal density was 985.8 ± 195.4 neurons/8.96 mm 2 in the antimesenteric region and 1267.8 ± 259.92 neurons/8.96 mm 2 in the mesenteric region. The incidences of small, medium and large neurons were 14.4, 82 and 3.6% in the antimesenteric region and 14.6, 70.8 and 14.4% in the mesenteric region, respectively. It was concluded that ganglionated arrangements and medium-sized NADH-dp neurons predominated in the myenteric plexus of adult Holtzman rats. The results observed indicated that the NADH-dp myenteric neurons of the ileum of Holtzman rats are similar to those of rats of Wistar lineage with respect to their localization, ganglionated arrangement and the predominance of neurons with medium-sized CBs.

As a rule the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) is considered to be a single structure of the parasympathetic nervous system, associated with the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). A few structural studies in humans are available in the indexed references. We designed the present study of the PPG in order to provide evidence of possible variations in morphological patterns of the PPG. We performed dissections of the PPF on 20 human adult heads, using different approaches. The dissected specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and silver (Bielschowsky) or prepared for immunohistochemistry for synaptophisin and neurofilament. Four morphological types of the PPG were defined macroscopically: A (10%): partitioned PPG, the upper partition receiving the vidian nerve; B (55%): single, the upper part (base) receiving the vidian nerve; C (15%): single, but the vidian nerve reaches the lower part (tip) of the ganglion; D (20%): partitioned, the lower partition receiving the vidian nerve. We propose that it may be inappropriate to invariably regard the PPG as a single morphological structure. From individual to individual the PPG may present either as a single ganglion or as a partitioned one, with distinct superior and inferior components. Nevertheless, the presence of the dispersed pterygopalatine microganglia (DPPG) evidenced by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry serves to complete an individually variable morphological pattern of a structure usually described as single. The individual variation may be the reason for failures in ablation procedures of the PPG; partitions of the PPG and/or the DPPG may functionally correlate with specific territories and targets and further tracing studies may be helpful in validating or invalidating this theory.

To determine whether a 2,700-year-old tumor can be reliably diagnosed using microscopic and proteomic techniques and whether such prostate carcinomas show the same morphological pattern at the micro-level as modern-day carcinomas, this case was investigated. A 40-50-year-old Scythian king who lived during the Iron Age in the steppe of Southern Siberia (Russia) suffered from macroscopically visible osteoblastic and osteoclastic lesions throughout his entire skeleton. Macro-morphological (macroscopy, endoscopy, radiology) and micro-morphological techniques (histology, scanning-electron microscopy) as well as proteomic techniques (1-D- and 2-D-electrophoresis, Western blot) were applied. The results of the morphological and biochemical investigation proved that this mature male suffered for many years from and probably died of a carcinoma of the prostate. The diagnosis mainly rests on the results of the microscopic examination of the lesions and the positive evidence of PSA, which is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is remarkable that, in this ancient case, the morphological pattern at the microlevel is the same as in recent cases. The loss of the spongy bone substance (red bone marrow) provoked chronic anemia during the final months of the life of this king. The proteomic techniques applied are new for the investigation of recent and ancient macerated bones. Sensitive and reliable biochemical markers (PSA) are an important precondition to detect such tumors in recent and ancient materials. Currently, this is the oldest known case of prostate cancer diagnosed reliably by morphological and biochemical techniques.

A respiração é responsável pelo desenvolvimento da morfologia crânio facial. OBJETIVO: verificar a existência de relação entre respiração oral e tipo facial. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 119 adolescentes dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idade entre 15 e 18 anos. A amostra foi separada em dois grupos: A-50 adolescentes respiradores orais sendo 28 do sexo masculino e 22 feminino e o grupo B- 69 adolescentes respiradores nasais sendo 37 do sexo masculino e 32 feminino. A amostra foi coletada no Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. Foram realizadas avaliação da respiração e das medidas faciais. RESULTADOS: através do emprego de índices antropométricos foram classificados os tipos faciais e relacionados com o modo respiratório, Hipereuriprósopo (Total=0; respiradores orais 0%; respiradores nasais 0%; Euriprósopo (Total=14; respiradores orais 2.52%, respiradores nasais 9.24%;Mesoprósopo (Total=20; respiradores orais 19.32%; respiradores nasais 21.01%, Leptoprósopo (Total=37; respiradores orais 14.29%; respiradores nasais 16.81%; Hiperleptoprósopo (Total =48; respiradores orais 5.89% respiradores nasais 10.92%). O tipo facial mesoprósopo foi encontrado em 48 adolescentes (40.33%) dos quais 25 (21.01%) eram respiradores orais e 23 (19.32%) eram respiradores nasais. CONCLUSÃO: não foi possível comprovar existência de uma relação entre a respiração oral e o tipo facial. Breathing is responsible for facial and cranial morphology development. AIM: investigate in order to see if there is any relationship between oral breathing and facial type. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 119 male and female teenagers, with ages ranging between 15 and 18 years. The sample was separated in two groups: A-50 teenage oral breathers, 28 males and 22 females; and group B- 69 teenage nasal breathers, 37 males and 32 females. The sample was collected at the Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. We evaluated breathing and facial measures. RESULTS: by means of anthropometric indexes we classified facial types and associated them with the person’s breathing type, Hypereuriprosopic (Total=0; oral breathers 0%; nasal breathers 0%; Euriprosopic (Total=14; oral breathers 2.52%, nasal breathers 9.24%;Mesoprosope (Total=20; oral breathers 19.32%; nasal breathers 21.01%, Leptoprosopic (Total=37; oral breathers 14.29%; nasal breathers 16.81%; Hyperleptoprosopic (Total =48; oral breathers 5.89% nasal breathers 10.92%). The mesoprosopic facial type was found in 48 teenagers (40.33%) of whom 25 (21.01%) were oral breathers and 23 (19.32%) were nasal breathers. Conclusion: it was not possible to prove the existence of an association between oral breathing and facial type.

The classical Hodgkin lymphoma variant of Richter transformation (CHL-RT) occurs rarely in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Two morphological patterns have been described: type I with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells scattered in a CLL background, and type II with typical CHL morphology. HRS cells are frequently positive for EBV and can be clonally related or unrelated to CLL. The clinical significance of the different morphological patterns is unclear. What factors dictate the cellular derivation of the HRS cells remains elusive. We retrospectively reviewed 77 cases of CHL-RT submitted to our consultation service. Clinicopathological characteristics were summarized, EBV status was examined, and clonality was analyzed after microdissection of HRS-cells and CLL cells. Patients with the type I pattern (N=26) had a significantly shorter time to progression from CLL to CHL-RT than those with type II pattern (N=51, 15 vs. 49 months, p In conclusion, we provide evidence that type I morphology is more likely an early stage of CHL-RT and can progress to type II. The majority of CHL-RT cases are EBV positive. Clonal relationship in RT is determined by ZAP-70 and thus likely IGHV mutational status. Advanced age is associated with inferior survival. Figure 1. A, Time to progress from CLL to CHL-RT. B, Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival. Figure 1. A, Time to progress from CLL to CHL-RT. B, Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Several articles describe the gross pathology alterations of the true vocal cords (TVC), but the histopathology descriptions in adults are rare in the literature and are normally associated with neoplasia. The aim of this study is to identify the TVC morphological lesions in adult autopsies. This was a cross-sectional study of 266 adults' larynxes consecutively autopsied from 1993 to 2003. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used for morphological analysis. Considering the morphological analysis, 97 TVC (36.5%) were considered normal. The following lesions were found in the TVC: thickening of the basal membrane of the TVC in 81 patients (30.5%), inflammatory reaction in 66 patients (24.8%), hemorrhage in 19 patients (7.1%), and ulceration in 3 patients (1.1%). Our study demonstrated that the TVC microscopic lesions are frequent, present different morphological patterns, and showed different causes from what had been described until nowadays by the literature. Despite this difference in the morphological pattern, we were able to identify a common lesion pathway for ethiological different diseases.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the usefulness of multiscale morphological analysis in the assessment of atherosclerotic carotid plagues. Ultrasound images were recorded from 137 asymptomatic and 137 symptomatic plaques and were converted to binary images at low, middle and high intensity intervals based on structural morphology . Low images represent low intensity regions corresponding to blood, thrombus, lipid or hemorrhage, whereas high images describe the collagen and calcified components of the plaque. Middle image describe image regions that fall between low and high components. The morphological pattern spectra were computed and several classifiers like the K-nearest neighbor (KNN), the probabilistic neural network (PNN), and the support vector machine (SVM) were evaluated for classifying these spectra into two classes: asymptomatic or symptomatic. The highest diagnostic yield achieved was 67% that is slightly lower than texture analysis carried out on the same data set