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Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is the third most common cause of vascular death. Data on APE from India and other low-and middle-income countries is sparse.

The complex nature of the radiation environment in various high-energy physics facilities necessitates the use of different kinds of radiation monitors. The detectors used could be either passive or active and need dedicated readout electronics. The present study was conducted at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Cave A where different kinds of radiation detectors were tested in parallel in the secondary radiation field generated by a 1-GeV/u 56Fe ion beam impinging a thick polyethylene target, and their responses were compared with the Monte Carlo code FLUKA simulations. Thermoluminescence-based passive detectors from GSI, ionization chamber-based radiation monitors developed by CERN, WENDI-II, and wide-range photon detectors from Berthold and Thermo Fisher were studied in this campaign. The study showed good agreement between the temporal responses of the various detectors, and comparison of the ambient dose equivalents measured with the simulations showed agreement of over 40% for all the detectors. In addition, two versions of radiation monitoring front-ends developed at CERN were directly compared and the relative mismatch in measurement was consistently less than 10%.

A mild and metal-free strategy for the construction of trifluoromethylated pyrazolo[4,3-b]indoles through the reaction of N-substituted 3-nitroindoles with trifluorodiazoethane is reported. This operationally simple transformation involves a [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluorodiazoethane with 3-nitroindole, followed by the elimination of the nitro group to furnish pyrazole-fused indoles. The synthetic utility of this method is further demonstrated by applying it to other heterocycles, such as 3-nitrobenzothiophene and 2-nitrobenzofuran.

The present study investigates the possibility of establishing a biorefinery strategy for comprehensive biomass utilization of Padina gymnosporaby integrating ultrasonication and alginate extraction techniques. Ultrasonication experiments were carried out to optimize the process for recovering antioxidant-rich bioactive compounds from P. gymnosporaby employing sample-to-solvent ratio and extraction time as independent variables using response surface methodology. A second-order response surface regression model was developed as a function of sample-to-solvent ratio and extraction time, and the optimum extraction condition was obtained by the desirability function. Biomass obtained after the ultrasonication process was then subjected to alginate extraction using the citric acid–based method (2 and 4%) as a step toward cascaded biorefinery. Employing a 2% citric acid–based method has shown improved viscosity of 5.41 cP and a higher zeta potential value of − 48.13 mV with a lower Polydispersity Index value of 0.359. Taking into consideration the commercial significance of natural antioxidants and alginate, the method developed can have significant implications in the food and nutraceutical industry. Further, the technology employed, viz., ultrasonication for seaweed extract production and citric acid for alginate extraction, is a greener process pointing toward the promising possibility of designing a greener biorefinery approach for seaweed biomass utilization.

Bitter gourd yellow mosaic disease (BGYMD) is known to be caused by a wide range of viruses. In this, transmission of viruses associated with BGYMD causing typical blistering, yellowing and mosaic symptoms were studied. The viruses associated with BGYMD were sap and whitefly transmitted but failed to be transmitted by aphid and seed transmission methods. The test plant when inoculated with infected plant sap from BGYMD infected plant transmission exhibited blistering and mosaic type symptoms. Association of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV) was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), whitefly transmitted ones developed blistering, curling and mosaic from the same source with confirmed presence of begomovirus by PCR. Sap and whitefly transmission took place in 8 and 20 days, respectively. The symptoms became severe and hundred per cent plants were infected on 12 and 22 days after sap and whitefly transmission, respectively. Intermittent transmission study was conducted to observe the difference in the development of symptoms by mechanical and whitefly transmission, wherein the infection was transmitted to the healthy bitter gourd plant using mechanical, mechanical followed by whitefly transmission, whitefly followed by mechanical transmission and whitefly transmission. The symptoms developed on whitefly transmission followed by mechanical and vice versa exhibited the symptoms resembling the symptoms of the source plant to some extent whereas the infection on mechanically and whitefly transmitted seedlings were different from the source plant.

In this paper, we introduce a new distribution for modeling count datasets with some unique characteristics, obtained by mixing the generalized Poisson distribution and the moment exponential distribution based on the framework of the Lagrangian probability distribution, so-called generalized Poisson moment exponential distribution (GPMED). It is shown that the Poisson-moment exponential and Poisson-Ailamujia distributions are special cases of the GPMED. Some important mathematical properties of the GPMED, including median, mode and non-central moment are also discussed through this paper. It is shown that the moment of the GPMED do not exist in some situations and have increasing, decreasing, and upside-down bathtub shaped hazard rates. The maximum likelihood method has been discussed for estimating its parameters. The likelihood ratio test is used to assess the effectiveness of the additional parameter included in the GPMED. The behaviour of these estimators is assessed using simulation study based on the inverse tranformation method. A zero-inflated version of the GPMED is also defined for the situation with an excessive number of zeros in the datasets. Applications of the GPMED and zero-inflated GPMED in various fields are presented and compared with some other existing distributions. In general, the GPMED or its zero-inflated version performs better than the other models, especially for the cases where the data are highly skewed or excessive number of zeros.

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for preventable cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality globally, with majority of the hypertension-attributed deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries like India. Several international and national clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide evidence-informed recommendations to achieve optimal control. CPGs produced by the World Health Organization, International Society for Hypertension, American (AHA/ACC-2017), and European (ESC/ESH-2018) are “major” as they are widely used and are highly cited. We compared the main recommendations for the pharmacological management of hypertension among the major CPGs and the two existing Indian CPGs for similarities and shortcomings. Several deviations from the major CPGs were observed among Indian CPGs. Important shortcomings pertain to Indian CPGs’ low priority for initial combination therapy and the use of single pill combinations. Having multiple CPGs providing conflicting recommendations might discourage the adoption of evidence-based practices. There is a need for updating Indian CPGs based on up-to-date evidence.

AbstractThis study involves immobilizing α -amylase onto an aniline formaldehyde condensate cross-linked polyaniline magnetic nanocomposite (AFCCLPANIMg). To our knowledge, the utility of AFCCLPANIMg with a core-shell structure in enzyme immobilization has not received sufficient attention. The kinetic parameters were determined under optimal conditions, and the immobilized enzyme had a higher Kmvalue and a lower Vmaxvalue than the free enzyme, owing to the enzyme’s conformational shift. The immobilized enzyme preserved 45% of its original activity after 12 cycles and 59% of its activity in 4-week storage stability testing. The thermal deactivation of the free and immobilized enzyme followed first-order kinetics. The D-values, t1/2and zvalue of the immobilized enzyme indicated better thermal stability than that of the free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme’s high Edvalue of 19.92 19.92 kJ mol−1defined its strong stability and resistance to heat inactivation.

Acute thrombocytopenia in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients may pose a diagnostic challenge due to multifactorial etiologies. It is a recognized, but rare complication of treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, which are commonly used in the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Diagnosis is made after ruling out other common causes, one of them being Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Management includes discontinuation of GPRA & in severe cases might require steroids. We present a case of a 38-year-old gentleman with acute inferior wall MI, who developed glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists-induced acute symptomatic thrombocytopenia.

Decades of antibiotic misuse have led to alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance, and the development of alternative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to delineate and treat infections is a global priority. In particular, the nosocomial, multidrug-resistant “ESKAPE” pathogens such as Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp(VRE) urgently require alternative treatments. Here, we developed light-activated molecules based on the conjugation of the FDA-approved photosensitizer riboflavin to the Gram-positive specific ligand vancomycin to enable targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The riboflavin-vancomycin conjugate proved to be a potent and versatile antibacterial agent, enabling the rapid, light-mediated, killing of MRSA and VRE with no significant off-target effects. The attachment of riboflavin on vancomycin also led to an increase in antibiotic activity against S. aureusand VRE. Simultaneously, we evidenced for the first time that the flavin subunit undergoes an efficient photoinduced bond cleavage reaction to release vancomycin, thereby acting as a photoremovable protecting group with potential applications in drug delivery.

Several randomized trials have shown the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) over bare metal stents (BMS) in terms of repeat revascularization at 1 year; however long term data in this context is conflicting.