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Objectives Previous research focused on the individual risk factors of mortality, while little is known about how family environment could influence mortality in later life. This study aims to examine mortality risks in different family types and what family type may increase mortality risk for older adults with medical comorbidities or functional impairment. Methods Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in Chicago. The baseline interview was conducted from 2011 to 2013. The outcome was 6-year all-cause mortality. Family typology included tight-knit, unobligated-ambivalent, commanding-conflicted, and detached types. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results The study sample consisted of 3,019 older adults and 372 participants passed away during 6 years follow-up. Older adults in the detached type had higher risks of mortality than those in the tight-knit type (hazard ratio: 1.45 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.07]). Regarding the interaction effect between family typology and functional impairment, older adults with higher levels of physical impairment (1.29 [1.07–1.56]) and cognitive impairment (1.07 [1.01–1.14]) nested in the commanding-conflicted type had higher mortality risks than their counterparts nested in the tight-knit type. Discussion In this longitudinal cohort study with a 6-year follow-up, older adults nested in the detached family type had higher 6-year mortality risks than those nested in the tight-knit family type. Living in the commanding-conflicted family increased the 6-year mortality risks for older adults with physical impairment or cognitive impairment compared with their counterparts residing in the tight-knit family type.

It is essential to perform end-to-end performance testing of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems under realistic propagation channel conditions. However, due to the highly integrated and compact radio frequency (RF) system design, the traditional conducted cable testing method is getting more and more problematic. The wireless cable solution, which can achieve the equivalent functionality of the conducted cable testing without actual RF coaxial cables, has attracted huge attention from the industry and standardization for over-the-air (OTA) testing in recent years. However, the state-of-the-art solutions to achieve wireless cable testing necessitate at least reference signal received power (RSRP) reporting per device under test (DUT) antenna port for MIMO capable terminals, which is demanding and might not be accessible for commercial DUTs. In this work, a novel wireless cable solution based only on the maximum RSRP measurement of all DUT antenna ports is proposed, which can significantly alleviate the requirement of DUT RSRP reporting. To achieve the wireless cable testing, a novel calibration procedure is proposed to determine the transfer matrix between the probe antenna ports and the DUT antenna ports based on the DUT maximum reported RSRP measurement. The proposed algorithm is theoretically derived and experimentally validated for a 2 × 2 MIMO system, where the isolation of above 25 dB is achieved for the measurement setup. The numerical simulation and experimental validation demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Bartter syndrome is an inherited renal tubular disorder that is characterized by hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in which the primary defect is a deficiency of transporters involved in sodium chloride reabsorption. Bartter syndrome type 1 is caused by SLC12A1 mutations.The patients were from two unrelated non-consanguineous Chinese families. Both patients presented with intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery, failure to thrive, polyuria and metabolic alkalosis. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify the causative gene.Exome sequencing identified three novel SLC12A1 mutations in our patients. And we found the two patients had significantly different outcomes when they were two years of age. Moreover, we identified four novel variants of SLC12A1 that were likely to be pathogenic, from our in-house database. A review of the whole-exome sequencing data of patient 1 lead to her brother being genetically diagnosed with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, which was caused by compound heterozygous SLC34A2 variations.We reported two children from one family who were affected by different rare conditions. This study expanded the mutation spectra of the SLC12A1 and SLC34A2 genes. We showed the important role of early genetic testing for disease diagnosis and emphasized the importance of standardized treatment and management.

Clostridium acetobutylicum has been extensively exploited to produce biofuels and solvents and its biofilm could dramatically improve the productivities. However, genetic control of C. acetobutylicum biofilm has not been dissected so far. Here, to identify potential genes controlling C. acetobutylicum biofilm formation, over 40 gene candidates associated with extracellular matrix, cell surface, cell signaling or gene transcription, were tried to be disrupted to examine their individual impact. A total of 25 disruptants were finally obtained over years of attempts, for which biofilm and relevant phenotypes were characterized. Most of these disruptants formed robust biofilm still, or suffered both growth and biofilm defect. Only a strain with a disrupted histidine kinase gene (CA_C2730, designated bfcK in this study) abolished biofilm formation without impairing cell growth or solvent production. Further analysis revealed that bfcK could control flagellar biogenesis and cell motility at protein levels. The bfcK also appeared to repress the phosphorylation of a serine/threonine protein kinase (encoded by CA_C0404) that might negatively regulate biofilm formation. Based on these findings, possible bfcK-mediated mechanisms for biofilm formation were proposed. This is a big step toward understanding the biofilm formation in C. acetobutylicum and will help further engineering of its biofilm-based industrial processes.

Poststroke aphasia is an acquired language disorder and has been proven to have adverse effects on patients’ social skills and quality of life. However, there are some inconsistencies in the neuroimaging studies investigating poststroke aphasia from the perspective of regional alterations. A meta-analysis has been employed to examine the common pattern of abnormal regional spontaneous brain activity in poststroke aphasia in the current study. Specifically, the Anisotropic effect-size version of seed-based d mapping was utilized, and 237 poststroke aphasia patients and 242 healthy controls (HCs) from 12 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF, or regional homogeneity were included. The results showed that compared with HCs, patients with poststroke aphasia demonstrated increased regional spontaneous brain activity in the right insula, right postcentral gyrus, left cerebellar lobule IX, left angular gyrus, right caudate nucleus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and right supplementary motor area, and decreased regional spontaneous brain activity in the left cerebellar lobule VI, left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, right cerebellar crus I, and left supplementary motor area. The study could provide further evidence for pathophysiological mechanism of poststroke aphasia and help find targets for treatment.

Background: Maintaining lipid homeostasis to prevent lipotoxicity is crucial for various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a member of the RNA binding protein family and overexpressed in many cancer types, which implicted that in regulating cell proleferation, migration, invasion, and lipid metabolism. However, the role of HuR in regulating abnormal lipid metabolism of CRC is unknown. Methods: Western blot was performed to screen differentially expressed HuR between CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Lipidomic profiling, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), total cholesterol and triglycerides assays testified the critical role of HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex in CRC cells. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter Assays were performed to verify the interaction between HuR protein and the VDR mRNA. We also conducted a mouse xenograft model to elucidate the effect of HuR on lipid homeostasis and proliferation in vivo. Results: Our study identified that HuR promotes the expression of VDR, then modulates lipid homeostasis by enhancing TG and TC levels in CRC. Here, our study demonstrated that overexpressing HuR enhanced the expression of VDR through directly binding to its CDS and 3’-UTR. Simultaneously, HuR also indirectly affecting VDR by inhibiting miR-124-3p. We identified that HuR can suppress the expression of miR-124-3p, while miR-124-3p can bind to 3’-UTR of VDR to inhibit the expression of VDR. Moreover, xenograft models showed that targeting HuR suppressed the expression of VDR, blocked TG and TC formation, then suppressed CRC growth. Conclusion: Our findings propose a regulatory connection between HuR, miR-124-3p and VDR in CRC cells. We suggested that HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex modulates lipid homeostasis by influencing TG and TC formation in CRC, and may provide a potential target for CRC treatment and prevention.

Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive disability, coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, and somatic dysmorphic features. It is caused by mutations in the BAF-complex or SOX gene. Here, a Chinese woman presenting with neurodevelopmental delay, mild intellectual disability, speech delay, dysmorphic features, obesity, scoliosis, hypotonia, seizures, skin problems, hypokalemia, and endocrine dysfunction is described. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a heterozygous missense variant, c.2074G C (p. Ala692Pro), in the SMARCC2 gene of the proband. Affecting chromatin structure, SMARCC2 plays an essential role in modulating cortical neurogenesis, and controlling cortical size and thickness. Moreover, it is associated with tumor suppression, and SMARCC2 mutations have been observed with high frequency in human cancers. While this is the second report of SMARCC2 mutations in patients with detailed phenotypes, this is the first describing the observation of electrolyte disturbances and endocrinopathy. These findings expanded the genetic and clinical spectrum of SMARCC2-related Coffin-Siris syndrome.

CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset white matter disease with high disability and mortality, while little is known about its pathogenesis. This study introduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI) to compare the spontaneous brain activities of patients and healthy controls, aiming to enhance our understanding of the disease. RsfMRI was performed on 16 patients and 23 healthy controls, and preprocessed for calculation of ALFF and ReHo. Permutation tests with threshold free cluster enhancement (TFCE) was applied for comparison (number of permutations = 5,000). The TFCE significance threshold was set at [Formula: see text]0.05. In addition, 10 was set as the minimum cluster size. Compared to healthy controls, the patient group showed decreased ALFF in right paracentral lobule, and increased ALFF in bilateral insula, hippocampus, thalamus, supramarginal and precentral gyrus, right inferior, middle and superior frontal gyrus, right superior and middle occipital gyrus, as well as left parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform, middle occipital gyrus and angular gyrus. ReHo was decreased in right supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule and precentral gyrus, while increased in right superior occipital gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, fusiform, middle occipital gyrus and angular gyrus, as well as bilateral middle occipital gyrus and midbrain. These results revealed altered spontaneous brain activities in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, especially in limbic system and motor cortex, which may shed light on underlying mechanisms.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The current understanding of the pathogenesis underlying IBS is still unclear. Numerous studies have reported local abnormal resting state spontaneous functional activity in IBS patients in widespread brain regions. However, the results have not yet yielded consistent conclusions. Thus, we investigated common spontaneous functional activity abnormalities in patients with IBS by conducting a voxel-based meta-analysis.Up to December 2021, we performed a systematic search of IBS studies in five databases. These studies investigated the differences of resting state spontaneous brain activity between patients with IBS and healthy controls (HCs). The reference lists of included studies, relevant reviews and meta-analyses were investigated manually. Anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) was applied in this meta-analysis.Twelve studies encompassing 335 patients with IBS and 327 HCs were included in this meta-analysis. The local brain activities of the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, right postcentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left cerebellum, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus of triangular part in IBS patients were significantly increased compared with HCs, while the brain activities of the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left precuneus, right putamen and right insula were significantly decreased compared with HCs.The current study expands on a growing literature exploring resting state activity in IBS, which provides useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of nonorganic functional bowel disease and developing more targeted treatment and intervention strategies.

This study aims to examine the associations between gambling participation, problem gambling, and cognition. Data were derived from the PINE study. Gambling participation was measured by Modified South Oaks Gambling Screen. Problem gambling was assessed with Problem Gambling Severity Index. Cognition was measured by East Boston Memory Test, Digit Span Backward, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Of all participants, 41.940% were male. Higher gambling participation was significantly associated with higher global cognition ( b = .008, SE = .003, p < .05), executive function ( b = .118, SE = .049, p < .05), and episodic memory ( b = .009, SE = .004, p < .05). Higher problem gambling was significantly related to lower Mini-Mental State Examination ( b = -.105, SE = .031, p < .001). Guiding older adults’ gambling behaviors and intervening in problem gambling timely might be crucial for their cognitive function.

Combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics and physiology studies highlighted the nanoparticle size- and concentration-dependent disturbance in algal metabolism induced by nTiO2.

A techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment for the process to produce a sweetener and calcium supplement from Greek yogurt acid whey show that this method has high profitability and a lower environmental footprint than other sweeteners.

Over-the-air (OTA) radiated testing is seen inevitablefor future radio devices due to integrated transceiverradio designs. Wireless cable solution, which can achieve traditionalcabled testing functionality over-the-air, has attractedgreat attention from industry, standardization and academia inrecent years for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) deviceperformance testing. In state-of-the-art wireless cable solutions,the compensation of the transfer matrix between the OTA probesand antenna ports of device under test (DUT) is implementedwith the help of radio channel emulators (CEs). However,the radio CEs are not customized for such implementations,leading to expensive system and waste of valuable CE resource.Employing more probe antennas is a known and effective strategyto improve the robustness and quality of the wireless cableconnection, which would further increase the system cost withexisting implementations. To address these issues, a novel wirelesscable implementation employing a stand-alone programmableamplitude and phase control network is proposed. Though simpleand cost-effective, the proposed scheme is demonstrated to workin practice and it is applicable for more generic testing scenarioswhere a CE is not required. The experimental validation measurementsobtained in the VNA based passive measurement setupas well as in the active measurement setup clearly demonstratethe effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.

A simple LFIS based on optimized UCNP-labeled antibody probes was developed for the rapid determination of cardiovascular diseases with high sensitivity and specificity.

Sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) (i.e., 100-300 GHz) communicationis envisaged as one of the key building blocksfor future communication systems due to its vast unexploitedbandwidth. Knowledge of the radio channel characteristics iskey to the design and development of new radio systems and airinterfaces. Reliable channel sounding is essential to build accurateand realistic channel models. Virtual antenna array (VAA) hasbeen a popular channel sounding strategy to obtain accuratedirectional characterization due to its low-cost and simple systemimplementation. However, this concept has not yet been realizedfor sub-THz bands in the state-of-the-art works due to difficultyin accurate phase control. The measurement range has beenrather limited at sub-THz due to significant signal loss, especiallyin the radio frequency (RF) cables, compared to microwave ormillimeter-wave frequencies. In this paper, we focus on vectornetwork analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounders, highlightingfrequency extension with sub-THz frequency extenders, measurementrange extension with radio-over-fiber (RoF) schemes,and angular resolution improvement by VAA implementationwith phase-compensation scheme. These techniques enable andenhance sub-THz channel characterization. The performanceof the proposed long-range phase-compensated sounder is alsoexperimentally demonstrated by the VAA-based channel measurementsat 100 GHz in an indoor scenario.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) holds the ability to modulate the connectivity within the stimulated network. However, whether and how the rTMS targeted over the primary motor cortex (M1) could affect the connectivity within the sensorimotor network (SMN) is not fully elucidated. Hence, in this study, we investigated the after-effects of rTMS over left M1 at different frequencies on connectivity within SMN. Forty-five healthy participants were recruited and randomly divided into three groups according to rTMS frequencies (high-frequency [HF], 3 Hz; low-frequency [LF], 1 Hz; and SHAM). Participants received 1-Hz, 3-Hz or sham stimulation and underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning sessions before and after rTMS intervention. Using resting-state functional connectivity (FC) approach, we found that high- and low-frequency rTMS had opposing effects on FC within the SMN, especially for connectivity with subcortical regions (i.e., putamen, thalamus and cerebellum). Specifically, the reductions in connectivity between cortical and subcortical regions within cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuits and the cognitive loop of cerebellum, and increased connectivity between cortical and subdivisions within the sensorimotor loop of cerebellum were observed after high-frequency rTMS intervention, whereas the thalamus and cognitive cerebellum subdivisions exhibited increased connectivity, and sensorimotor cerebellum subdivisions showed decreased connectivity with stimulated target after low-frequency stimulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the alterations of connectivity within SMN after rTMS intervention at different frequencies and may help to understand the mechanisms of rTMS treatment for movement disorders associated with deficits in subcortical regions such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Tourette's syndrome.

Different interfacial chemical bonds, Ir–O, Ir–Mo, and mixed Ir–Mo/O, are employed to explore the regulating mechanism of MoO2-supported Ir catalysts in optimizing hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR)...

A thermo-sensitive film composed of polycaprolactone and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was fabricated via electrospinning, with ketoconazole as the model drug. The morphology, elemental composition, ...

Research and development on thermosensitive material has become one of the hot topics in the field of drug controlled-release. In order to realize the temperature-controlled release of curcumin (Cur), Cur was encapsulated inside thermosensitive amphiphilic poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (PN-co-DM-bPA) to prepare Cur-loaded micelles (CurM) during dialysis. CurM was then assembled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through electrospinning to form PVA/CurM nanofibrous membranes (PCM). The optimal as-prepared drug-loaded micelles (CurM4) can reach the maximum drug loading of 13.9% and encapsulation efficiency of 58.5% with the micelle size of 292.8 nm. TEM, SEM, and CLSM images proved that CurM had been successfully wrapped in PVA to form PCM nanofibers (average diameter: 251 ± 42 nm) when the mass ratio of PVA:CurM was 4:1 at 15 kV. Temperature-controlled drug release experiments showed that the curcumin in the PCM membranes could be released to 63.47% after 96 h when work temperature is higher than the low critical solution temperature (41 ℃). Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of PCM on E. coli and S. aureus were 95.16% and 93.59%, respectively. We hope this work can be a reference for the preparation of thermosensitive drug-loaded nanofibers for controllable releasing of drugs.

Background and Objectives Ethnic enclaves provide pivotal coping resources for immigrants, having important implications for cognitive health. This study examined the association between living in an ethnic enclave (i.e., Chinatown) and cognition, and potential moderating effect of education on such an association among Chinese older immigrants in the United States. We further examined subgroup differences based on preferred language (Mandarin, Cantonese, and Taishanese). Research Designs and Methods Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3,105, mean age = 73). Global cognition, assessed by a battery including Mini-Mental State Examination, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function, was compared between those who lived in Chinatown (n = 1,870) and those who did not (n = 1,235). Linear regressions with interaction terms were performed in the entire sample and subsamples with different language preferences. Results Chinatown residents had significantly poorer cognition than non-Chinatown residents. Regression results identified both protective and risk factors for cognition associated with living in Chinatown. Among them, education (β = 0.072, p < .001) played a salient role in explaining the cognitive disadvantage of Chinatown residents. Education also moderated the influence of Chinatown residence on cognition, but only among Mandarin speakers (β = −0.027, p = .04). Discussion and Implications Living in an ethnic enclave may be a risk factor for poor cognition for Chinese immigrants. Neighborhood-specific health assessment may facilitate early identification and prevention of cognitive impairment in this population. Studies need to examine divergent aging experiences of immigrants within single ethnic groups.

To isolate the genetic locus responsible for saline–alkaline stress tolerance, we developed a high‐throughput activation tagging‐based T‐DNA insertion mutagenesis method using the model rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Kitaake. One of the activation‐tagged insertion lines, activation tagging 7 (AC7), showed increased tolerance to saline–alkaline stress. This phenotype resulted from the overexpression of a gene that encodes a SET DOMAIN GROUP 721 protein with H3K4 methyltransferase activity. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsSDG721 showed saline–alkaline stress‐tolerant phenotypes, along with increased leaf angle, advanced heading and ripening dates. By contrast, ossdg721 loss‐of‐function mutants showed increased sensitivity to saline–alkaline stress characterized by decreased survival rates and reduction in plant height, grain size, grain weight and leaf angle. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis of wild‐type Kitaake and ossdg721 mutants indicated that OsSDG721 positively regulates the expression level of HIGH‐AFFINITY POTASSIUM (K+ ) TRANSPORTER1;5 (OsHKT1;5), which encodes a Na+‐selective transporter that maintains K+/Na+ homeostasis under salt stress. Furthermore, we showed that OsSDG721 binds to and deposits the H3K4me3 mark in the promoter and coding region of OsHKT1;5, thereby upregulating OsHKT1;5 expression under saline–alkaline stress. Overall, by generating Kitaake activation‐tagging pools, we established that the H3K4 methyltransferase OsSDG721 enhances saline–alkaline stress tolerance in rice.

The kidney is a vital organ responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body. However, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy of the urinary system and represents a serious threat to human health. Although the overall survival of RCC has improved substantially with the development of cancer diagnosis and management, there are various reasons for treatment failure. Firstly, without any readily available biomarkers, timely diagnosis has been greatly hampered. Secondly, the imaging appearance also varies greatly, and its early detection often remains difficult. Thirdly, chemotherapy has been validated as unavailable for treating renal cancer in the clinic due to its intrinsic drug resistance. Concomitant with the progress of nanotechnological methods in pharmaceuticals, the management of kidney cancer has undergone a transformation in the recent decade. Nanotechnology has shown many advantages over widely used traditional methods, leading to broad biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery, prevention, diagnosis to treatment. This review focuses on nanotechnologies in RCC management and further discusses their biomedical translation with the aim of identifying the most promising nanomedicines for clinical needs. As our understanding of nanotechnologies continues to grow, more opportunities to improve the management of renal cancer are expected to emerge.

Changes in soil CO

An efficient visible-light-assisted, copper-catalyzed tandem radical cyclization of

Previous studies have explored resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the amygdala in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether there are frequency-specific FC alterations of the amygdala in ASD and whether FC in specific frequency bands can be used to distinguish patients with ASD from typical controls (TCs). Data from 306 patients with ASD and 314 age-matched and sex-matched TCs were collected from 28 sites in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. The bilateral amygdala, defined as the seed regions, was used to perform seed-based FC analyses in the conventional, slow-5, and slow-4 frequency bands at each site. Image-based meta-analyses were used to obtain consistent brain regions across 28 sites in the three frequency bands. By combining generative adversarial networks and deep neural networks, a deep learning approach was applied to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. The meta-analysis results showed frequency band specificity of FC in ASD, which was reflected in the slow-5 frequency band instead of the conventional and slow-4 frequency bands. The deep learning results showed that, compared with the conventional and slow-4 frequency bands, the slow-5 frequency band exhibited a higher accuracy of 74.73%, precision of 74.58%, recall of 75.05%, and area under the curve of 0.811 to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. These findings may help us to understand the pathological mechanisms of ASD and provide preliminary guidance for the clinical diagnosis of ASD.

The fast-growing population of older Chinese immigrants and their segregated residences highlight the importance of understanding the role of neighborhood context in cognitive health. The segregation-cognition association is equivocal based on a limited number of studies among Hispanic and Asian Americans. To close the knowledge gap, this study examined the associations of neighborhood segregation and socioeconomic status (NSES) with cognitive functioning among older Chinese immigrants.Four waves of cognitive performance tests were conducted in the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (2011-2019) and linked to the 2010 to 2014 American Community Survey estimates of neighborhood contexts. NSES was a summary z-score of six census variables of education, income/wealth, and occupation. Neighborhood segregation was measured by the Index of Concentrations at the Extremes (ICE), which simultaneously assesses Chinese and English language use within a given census tract. There were 170 census tracts in the present sample of 2044 participants. Latent growth curve models with adjusted cluster robust standard errors were estimated.On average, cognitive functioning declined over time (B = -0.07, p 0.001). After adjusting for individual-level predictors, living in high-NSES neighborhoods was associated with slower cognitive decline (B = 0.003, p = 0.04). ICE was not associated with cognitive functioning, but boosted the protective effect of high NSES on cognitive decline (B = 0.006, p = 0.05).Neighborhood socioeconomic advantage was related to slower cognitive decline among older Chinese immigrants, especially among those living in neighborhoods with more English speakers or less segregation. This finding suggests complex associations between neighborhood context and cognitive health among Chinese immigrants.

Recent advancements in single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) have demonstrated outstanding potential applications in high-throughput and high-content screening imaging. One major limitation to such applications is to find a way to optimize imaging throughput without scarifying image quality, especially the homogeneity in image resolution, during the imaging of hundreds of field-of-views (FOVs) in heterogeneous samples. Here we introduce a real-time image resolution measurement method for SMLM to solve this problem. This method is under the heuristic framework of overall image resolution that counts on localization precision and localization density. Rather than estimating the mean localization density after completing the entire SMLM process, this method uses the spatial Poisson process to model the random activation of molecules and thus determines the localization density in real-time. We demonstrate that the method is valid in real-time resolution measurement and is effective in guaranteeing homogeneous image resolution across multiple representative FOVs with optimized imaging throughput.

The salinization of irrigated land affects agricultural productivity. HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM (K