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Introdução: A resistência microbiana frente aos antimicrobianos é uma das maiores ameaças à saúde pública mundial na atualidade. Associada a isso, agentes comumente isolados na comunidade como o Streptococcus pneumoniae surgem como um grande desafio para saúde pública, uma vez que podem causar doença pneumocócica invasiva, tendo importância epidemiológica mundial. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos frente aos isolados de Streptococcus pneumoniae recuperados em culturas microbiológicas de amostras post-mortem, no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará (LACEN-CE). Metodologia: O estudo foi composto por 22 diferentes matrizes biológicas, obtidas por necropsia no Serviço de Verificação de Óbito, e enviadas ao LACEN Ceará para cultura microbiológica no período de janeiro de 2022 a maio de 2023. Após recuperação em cultura, foram submetidas à identificação por proteômica e testado susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos utilizando a carta AST-ST03, no sistema VITEK-2 da Biomérieux e interpretados segundo Comitê Brasileiro de Testes de Sensibilidade aos Antimicrobianos (BrCAST), vigente. Foram testados os antimicrobianos Benzilpenicilina, Ceftriaxona e Sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim. Resultados: Em relação à Benzilpenicilina 31,81% (n = 7) foram resistentes, 18,18% (n = 4) sensíveis aumentando a exposição e 50,01% (n = 11), sensíveis. Com relação à Ceftriaxona, 9,09% (n = 2) foram sensíveis aumentando a exposição, 4,54% (n = 1) resistente e n = 19, sensíveis. No Sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim, 50% (n = 11) foram resistentes, 13,6% (n = 3) sensíveis aumentando a exposição e 36,36¨ (n = 8) sensíveis. Em relação à causa mortis 72,72% (n = 16) dos indivíduos foram a óbito por pneumonia lobar e insuficiência respiratória e 18,18% (n = 4) por meningite. Das matrizes biológicas recebidas, 59,09% (n = 13) eram fragmentos de pulmão, 18,18% (n = 4) sangue, 13,6% (n = 3) fragmentos de cérebro, 9,09% (n = 2) líquor, 4,54% (n = 1) líquido pleural. Conclusão: A resistência antimicrobiana à penicilina e a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, observada em um número considerável de isolados, demonstra disseminação de cepas resistentes, circulantes na comunidade, e que associada à virulência do pneumococo podem ter impactado na mortalidade da população estudada. Esses dados trazem à luz a importância de um diagnóstico e tratamento em tempo oportuno em se tratando de doença pneumocócica invasiva, de origem da comunidade.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus infection represents a public health public problem in the world. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to achieve a state of maximum viral suppression and decrease the rate of opportunistic infections. However, there are several factors that can influence therapeutic adherence. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A study with an observational, analytical, case-control type design was used. The sample size was 276, from which 138 were cases and 138 controls. The collected data was analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant association between the variable adherence to antiretroviral treatment and the variables depression (adjusted Odds Ratio -OR-= 2.15), alternative antiretroviral therapy scheme (adjusted OR= 2.40), side effects (adjusted OR= 4.24), and change in adherence during the state of emergency (adjusted OR= 5.67) independently of the other intervening variables. Conclusions: Depression, the use of alternative antiretroviral therapy regimens, the presence of side effects to antiretroviral therapy, and the change in adherence during the state of emergency increase the risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Background Mental health data from Latin America and the Caribbean countries (LACC) national and international surveys are essential for public health surveillance. This review aimed to identify and describe available mental health survey data in LACC, providing access details for researchers.Methods Our study was a scoping review. The search for available mental health survey data was conducted in PubMed and through grey literature searches, and the search dates were between 26 August 2021 and 15 October 2021. Included survey data were/had (1) nationally representative, (2) the latest version available from 2012 onward, (3) collected in at least one LACC and (4) at least one mental health variable or related factor. We accepted all written languages, including Spanish and English.Results A total of 56 national and 13 international surveys were included, with data available on 95 mental health variables classified into 10 categories. Most national surveys were performed in upper-middle-income countries. Variables categorised as ‘Substance use’ and ‘Violence’ were the most frequent. Mexico and Colombia had the highest production in both the national and international surveys. The main target population was the adult population. However, there are several mental health topics and LACC yet unsurveyed.Conclusion We identified a total of 69 representative surveys from LACCs since 2012. We categorised the available data on mental health variables into 10 categories, and provided technical details to facilitate the future selection and use of these surveys.

El estudio es importante porque permitió conocer la disposición de espacios públicos y áreas verdes para aprender a convivir y fomentar las prácticas deportivas, y ha permitido determinar que el 90% de los 45 directivos concuerdan de que la municipalidad deberá asignar un presupuesto para habilitar de más espacios con algunos mecanismos propios de los gobiernos municipales, debido a que, a la fecha se ha observado que por cada loza deportiva pavimentada publica, aproximadamente existen 3 campos deportivos con gras artificial con administración privada; el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre los tipos de comunicación al interior de los barrios de la liga provincial de futbol; el estudio fue descriptivo de alcance correlacional, con diseño no experimental, transversal. Los sujetos de la muestra fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, es decir, muestra no probabilística, estaba conformada por la totalidad de 45 representantes de 15 equipos deportivos, que incluyeron 3 representantes por cada equipo deportivo de futbol. Los participantes en las competencias deportivas organizadas por la Subgerencia de deporte Pearson 2 de las 3 correlaciones son altas, por ser mayores de 0,50, a excepción de la correlación entre las dimensiones: ascendente, y horizontal es una baja correlación de Pearson de 0,36; eso explica las ligeras dificultades en la convivencia. En consecuencia, la comunicación para superar la carencia de espacios habilitados para las prácticas deportivas es viable, tal como se aprecia en la mayoría de correlaciones.

El presente documento se centra en la relevancia que tienen las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en el crecimiento económico de un país. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar las alternativas normativas contables que han asumido, después de varios años, países como Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Argentina y México, y algunos aspectos básicos de Chile, Bolivia y Brasil frente a los procesos de adopción de las NIIF para las pymes. Con ese propósito, se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, que parte de la revisión documental que se centra en dar cuenta de las problemáticas comunes y recurrentes del proceso de convergencia. Producto del respectivo análisis de contenido de los documentos encontrados, se establecen las siguientes categorías de las problemáticas encontradas: efectos del proceso de convergencia en los usuarios de la información financiera y la toma de decisiones, las asimetrías en el tratamiento contable en las NIIF para las pymes, los costos en la generación de la información, y algunos aspectos demográficos y particulares. Finalmente, se recogen las alternativas de regulación contable para las pymes que se han desarrollado en algunos países de Latinoamérica. Así, se encontró que algunos países, como Colombia, adoptaron la regulación contable para las pymes. Otros, como Argentina, permiten las NIIF para las pymes de forma voluntaria. Por su parte, México tiene normas locales y Brasil optó por la convergencia.

Understanding the factors that influence the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in schools is critical to the selection of effective implementation strategies to support their sustained use. The current study has 2 aims: (a) evaluate the association between school leadership profiles (undifferentiated and optimal) and fidelity of EBP implementation and (b) examine the role of implementation climate as a mediator in this association. Participants included 56 principals, 90 special education teachers, and 133 classroom staff from 66 elementary schools. Participants completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implementation Climate Scale. Teachers and staff reported on intensity (frequency) of EBP delivery, and the research team rated the accuracy (adherence) to the components of the EBP. Schools were required to implement at least 1 of 3 EBPs for ASD (discrete trial training, pivotal response training, or visual supports). Using structural equation modeling, we found that schools with optimal leadership had higher observed ratings of teacher and staff fidelity for pivotal response training accuracy (p < .05), but not for discrete trial training or visual supports. However, this association became nonsignificant with the introduction of implementation climate into the models. Optimal leadership profiles were linked to more positive teacher/staff-reported implementation climate, compared with undifferentiated profiles (p < .01), but found no association between implementation climate and fidelity. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the role of principal leadership in EBP implementation is complex, which has implications for fostering a conducive organizational implementation context in schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract Background Some reports suggest there are differences in health needs between the population affiliated to the subsidized health insurance scheme (SS) and those affiliated to the contributory health insurance scheme (CS) in Colombia. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of the population affiliated to the SS in Colombia and to compare the main epidemiological features of the SS to the CS. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology, the search was carried out from 1993, with no other restriction. The information was synthesized into five categories according to the most important risk populations. We estimated combined incidences from epidemiological surveillance data, prevalence ratio, and other measures to estimate the difference between the studied groups. A 95% confidence interval was considered. A random effects model was used weighted by the inverse of the variance of the cumulative incidence calculated for each disease. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools. Results A total of 16,236 articles were identified; 14,972 were excluded after title and abstract screening, 725 articles were verified as full text, and finally 268 articles were included. The relative risk of non-communicable and communicable diseases was lower in the SS than in the CS (RR: 0.37 and 0.72, respectively, p-value

Background: Paraguay has recently experienced an exponential increase in chikungunya cases, leading to psychological distress, particularly anxiety. Aim: To develop and validate the Chikungunya Anxiety Scale (CHIKAS). Materials and Methods: An initial scale of 18 items was used, which was subjected to validation by expert judgment to obtain 14 items. To determine construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have been employed, and internal and convergent validity were determined. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health status data were also collected. Results: The study included 974 participants. The final scale consisted of 12 items with evidence of a two-factor model (psychological and physical). The internal validity was good (McDonald's omega = 0.882). The CFA showed good adjustment indices. Regarding participant characteristics, a relationship was found between anxiety due to chikungunya and gender, employment, mental diagnosis, medication use, and chikungunya infection. Conclusion: The final 12-item CHIKAS had strong psychometric properties and was a two-factor model.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a significant health challenge as the number of patients increases with the aging of the population worldwide. AF detection continues to be a significant challenge, particularly in the long term, to improve the quality of life of people suffering from the disease and reduce treatment costs. In recent decades, machine learning and deep learning have provided promising results in classifying heart conditions with moderate interpretability. We hypothesized that the complexity of AF could be handled in low-dimensional latent spaces in terms of non-Gaussian manifolds and that feature selection techniques on an audio-inspired feature set could improve the detection and interpretability of the AF phenomenon. Therefore, we used long-term monitoring databases in which noise-reduction filters preprocessed the signals and extracted their RR-value sequences. From these datasets, several audio spectral characteristics were calculated and used as input vectors for different types of manifold estimators. We also used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, a feature selection technique. Our experiments showed that these spectral representations of AF segments can yield better-defined low-dimensional embedding manifolds and acceptable intrinsic separability of AF from sinus rhythm. Moreover, including supervised stages and LASSO regression improved the overall performance of this proposal. The performance obtained in classifying AF signals versus normal ones reaches a precision of 91.2%, a recall of 95.5%, and an accuracy of 94.5%. These results pave the way for manifold learning and low-dimensional latent spaces in AF applications, and they support the advantage of using machine learning methods in different AF problems.

In this paper, we discuss how the use of the recently developed modified tuning pin (MTP) can be extended to the design of filters and diplexers implemented in rectangular waveguide, that can be reconfigured in a number of discrete states, and that can be used in high-power payloads. As an application example, the design of two reconfigurable filters and a reconfigurable diplexer is fully described. The high-power behavior of these components (in particular, with respect to corona and multipaction effects) is also studied in detail, in order to demonstrate that the structures that we discuss can operate correctly under high-power conditions. Furthermore, comparisons between simulations and measurements of several prototypes are also included, showing an excellent agreement between simulated and experimental data, thereby fully validating both the design approach and the filter reconfiguration strategy.

Data centralization can potentially increase Internet of Things (IoT) usage. The trend is to move IoT devices to a centralized server with higher memory capacity and a more robust management interface. Hence, a larger volume of data will be transmitted, resulting in more network security issues. Cloud IoT offers more advantages for deploying and managing IoT systems through minimizing response delays, optimal latency, and effective network load distribution. As a result, sophisticated network attack strategies are deployed to leverage the vulnerabilities in the extensive network space and exploit user information. Several attempts have been made to provide network intrusion detection systems (IDS) to the cloud IoT interface using machine learning and deep learning approaches on dedicated IDS datasets. This paper proposes a transfer learning IDS based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture that has shown excellent results on image classification. We use five pre-trained CNN models, including VGG16, VGG19, Inception, MobileNet, and EfficientNets, to train on two selected datasets: CIC-IDS2017 and CSE-CICIDS2018. Before the training, we carry out preprocessing, imbalance treatment, dimensionality reduction, and conversion of the feature vector into images suitable for the CNN architecture using Quantile Transformer. Three best-performing models (InceptionV3, MobileNetV3Small, and EfficientNetV2B0) are selected to develop an ensemble model called efficient-lightweight ensemble transfer learning (ELETL-IDS) using the model averaging approach. On evaluation, the findings show that the ELETL-IDS outperformed existing state-of-the-art proposals in all evaluation metrics, reaching 100% in accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score. We use Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) to validate this result and compared it to the AUC-ROC, which maintained an exact value of 0.9996. To this end, our proposed model is lightweight, efficient, and reliable enough to be deployed in cloud IoT systems for intrusion detection.

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una de las preocupaciones más importantes a nivel mundial, ya que determina un aumento de la morbimortalidad de los pacientes y el incremento de los costos de la atención de salud; problema cuyo abordaje debe ser realizado bajo el enfoque de Una Salud. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia antimicrobiana en Escherichia coli provenientes de muestras cecales de bovinos de carne faenados en frigoríficos de la zona del Arroyo Mburicao, Asunción-Paraguay, de setiembre a noviembre de 2021. Fueron colectadas 181 muestras de ganados provenientes de la Región Oriental y Occidental, y cultivadas en agar cromogénico suplementados con ciprofloxacina, colistina, cefotaxima y meropenem. Las colonias aisladas fueron identificadas, genotipificadas (PCR convencional) y sometidas a pruebas de susceptibilidad. El principal hallazgo fue la confirmación de la resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas en un 8,3% debida a la portación de los genes Qnr S, Qnr B y aac-6´-Ib-cr, involucrados en el mecanismo plasmídico de resistencia a quinolonas. Además, la resistencia acompañante encontrada en los aislamientos resistentes del 100% a tetraciclina y 53% a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol. No se encontraron aislamientos con resistencia a cefotaxima, colistina y meropenem. Los resultados obtenidos son de suma relevancia para la generacion de conocimiento sobre los perfiles de resistencia de microorganismos en el sector veterinario, pudiendo contribuir a la elaboración de guías nacionales para el uso prudente de antimicrobianos y apoyando al trabajo multisectorial en la lucha para la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana.

Botrytis cinérea Pers. (B.C.) es el fitopatógeno responsable de una amplia gama de síntomas en cultivos de gran importancia como el tomate. Su control principalmente se basa en la aplicación de fungicidas químicos; sin embargo, su uso excesivo conduce al desarrollo de cepas resistentes, contaminación ambiental y efectos perjudiciales para la salud humana. Por ello, el objetivo el estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos fertilizantes foliares que contienen cobre, zinc y ácido cítrico en el control del moho gris B.C. en tomate cv. Huascarán. En condiciones de laboratorio se evaluó el efecto de los fertilizantes foliares en la inhibición del crecimiento micelial a los 6 DDI (días después de inoculación) con el método del medio envenenado en PDA (agar de papa y dextrosa); y en condiciones de campo se aplicaron los fertilizantes foliares por ocho semanas variando la frecuencia de aplicación en una y dos semanas. Los resultados mostraron que en condiciones de laboratorio el ácido cítrico incrementó la actividad antifúngica complementándose bien con las partículas de Cu y Zn presentando el T3 el mejor porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial. En condiciones de campo la mayoría de las aplicaciones tuvieron un control significativo de B.C. en el follaje, pero no en flores ni en frutos; destacando aquellos donde se aplicó los fertilizantes foliares semanalmente. Estos resultados son importantes para desarrollar estrategias dirigidas a mejorar el control de la enfermedad y disminuir el uso masivo de fungicidas.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.

Abstract Background The implication of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) to prognosis is controversial, and its association with mortality at different stages remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the association between SIC and mortality in septic patients. Methods We searched and appraised observational studies regarding the mortality related to SIC among septic patients in PubMed and Embase from inception until 8 July 2021. Outcomes comprised in-hospital and 1-month mortality. We adopted the random-effects model to examine the mortality risk ratio in patients with and without SIC. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the outcome’s heterogeneity. Results Our results, including 20 studies and 4,410 septic patients, demonstrated that SIC was non-statistically associated with increased in-hospital mortality, compared to non-SIC (RR 1.28, [0.96–1.71]; p = 0.09), but the association was statistically significant in patients with the hospital stay lengths longer than 10 days (RR 1.40, [1.02–1.93]; p = 0.04). Besides, SIC was significantly associated with a higher risk of 1-month mortality (RR 1.47, [1.17–1.86]; p

Research regarding variables influencing evidence-based practice implementation within school services for students with autism spectrum disorder is limited. Using qualitative methods, the current study applies the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment framework to characterize factors impacting the implementation of practices for students with autism spectrum disorder across urban and rural school districts. The guiding questions of the study include: (1) Are contextual factors perceived as barriers or facilitators, and do these perceptions vary by district location? and (2) What are the key factors impacting implementation across the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment phases? Focus group participants (n = 33) were service providers to children with autism spectrum disorder from urban- and rural-located school districts. Several personnel-related themes (attitudes and buy-in, knowledge and skills, staffing, and burnout) were shared by participants representing both urban and rural districts. However, some themes related to system and organizational factors (leadership approval, support and expectations, district structure, competing priorities, time for effective professional development, litigation and due process, and materials and resources) differed between the district locations. This project serves as an initial step in understanding the current process of evidence-based practice implementation within the school context and may help identify intervention targets to include in implementation planning.

During 2020–2021, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean reported clinical emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales that had not been previously characterized locally, increased prevalence of carbapenemases that had previously been detected, and co-production of multiple carbapenemases in some isolates. These increases were likely fueled by changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including empirical antibiotic use for potential COVID-19–related bacterial infections and healthcare limitations resulting from the rapid rise in COVID-19 cases. Strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance, epidemiologic research, and infection prevention and control programs and antimicrobial stewardship in clinical settings can help prevent emergence and transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

Introduction: Pre-sports games are a form of motor play of an intermediate type between game and sport, overlapping elements of the sports modality, responsible for revaluing the playfulness of sport beyond the existence of a winner or a loser. Objective: The research aimed to develop a booklet of compensatory corrective pre-sports games for students with intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods: Booklet that includes a total of 15 games inside, structured as follows: objective, name of the game, motor skills to train, communication skills to train, physical capacities that favors, method to use, procedures and organizational forms, it also complies with the methodological steps of the games, necessary materials, organization, development, rules and variants. Research methods such as document analysis, interview, survey, class observation and methodological triangulation were used. Results: The booklet of compensatory corrective pre-sports games constitutes one more of the curricular adaptations designed for the teaching-learning process in students with special educational needs, in which the personalized treatment is enhanced in correspondence with the psychopedagogical characteristics that the students possess. Conclusions: The pre-experiment carried out on the booklet of compensatory corrective pre-sports games for students with intellectual disabilities in the municipality of Pinar del Rio allowed us to examine its eloquent influence on the preparation of students for an adult and independent life that is reduced in better quality of life.

La universidad y la docencia desde su misión en el aporte al desarrollo regional y la inclusión social no son ajenos a enfrentar problemáticas de las diferentes regiones donde tiene participación, es por esa razón que el trabajo de investigación coadyuva al cumplimiento de los requisitos legales que deben cumplir los recicladores de oficio para las actividades de aprovechamiento (Decreto 596 de 2016). La investigación muestra los métodos y técnicas aplicadas desde la investigación de operaciones, para el “Modelado de la red de recolección de aprovechamiento en el municipio de Sogamoso”, como: Diseño de la red de aprovechamiento para modelarse y resolverse desde las teorías de redes, donde los nodos son los puntos de recolección y deben estar conectados por ramas (distancias entre puntos de recolección) para la actividad de recolección de los residuos sólidos aprovechables en el municipio de Sogamoso. Análisis de la red de aprovechamiento, para definir la ruta más corta que optimice los recursos que intervienen en las mismas. Presentación de una herramienta basada en la georreferenciación final de la red a la empresa prestadora del servicio público de aseo para la implementación según los procedimientos ajustados a la norma para la recolección, el transporte y el aprovechamiento que garantice el desarrollo sostenible en el municipio.

Ana C García Ulloa,1 Maria S Tron-Gómez,2 Michelle Díaz-Pineda,1 Diana Hernández-Juárez,1 María V Landa-Anell,1 Marco A Melgarejo-Hernández,1 Sergio Hernández-Jiménez1 On behalf of the CAIPaDi Study Group1Center of Comprehensive Care for the Patient with Diabetes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, MexicoCorrespondence: Sergio Hernández-Jiménez, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Centro de Atención Integral del Paciente con Diabetes, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico, Tel +1 52 55 54870900 (5045) ; +1 52 55 55737378, Email sergio.hernandezj@incmnsz.mxIntroduction: In 2020, several countries established a global emergency state. Lockdowns restricted people’s lifestyles and daily activities to prevent coronavirus spread. These measures hindered diabetes mellitus control and lifestyle changes. This study aims to evaluate if attending a multidisciplinary program before the pandemic helped maintain a good metabolic state, lifestyle modifications, and mental health in patients with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: Patients included in this study attended a multidisciplinary program, with < 5 years of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, without disabling complications, between 18– 70 years old. The complete lockdown occurred from February 27, 2020, to May 31, 2020. The first patient (non-COVID) to return to the center for face-to-face consultation was in March 2021. Consultations in 2019 were face-to-face and changed to a virtual modality during 2020. We analyzed metabolic, lifestyle, mental health, and diabetes education parameters.Results: A total of 133 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included with complete information in visits before and during the lockdown. Metabolic parameters and self-care measures (nutrition plan, foot evaluation, and self-glucose monitoring) evaluated on our patients had no change during the lockdown. We found a significant increase in the time patients spent sitting during the day (p< 0.05). Barriers to exercise increased during lockdown, being joint pain (3.8% to 12.0%, p< 0.01) and lack of time to exercise (4.5% to 7.5%, p=0.33) being the most common. There was no significant difference in symptoms of anxiety and depression, quality of life, and empowerment.Conclusion: A multidisciplinary diabetes mellitus program, including diabetes education for self-care activities, positively impacts patients, maintaining good outcomes despite lockdown difficulties.Keywords: multidisciplinary care, lifestyle, self-care, mental health, type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 pandemics

Este estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de examinar e identificar la presencia de indicadores específicos de abuso sexual infantil (ASI) a través de test gráficos de niños y niñas de entre 5 y 12 años de edad, en base a los hallazgos de los 7 indicadores de Boscato. Fueron evaluados los dibujos de 40 niños y niñas con ASI y 40 niños y niñas sin ASI como grupo control, de sectores vulnerables del Departamento Central y Asunción, provenientes de instituciones que otorgan asistencia a niños y niñas, debido al contexto de pandemia por Covid-19. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa e importante de presencia para 6 de los 7 indicadores gráficos de ASI (excepto el indicador registro somático) en el grupo de casos en comparación al grupo control, correlacionándose con el diagnóstico de abuso sexual infantil.

BackgroundGoats are natural hosts of tuberculosis (TB) and are a valid animal model to test new vaccines and treatments to control this disease. In this study, a new experimental model of TB in goats based on the intranasal nebulization of Mycobacterium caprae was assessed in comparison with the endobronchial route of infection.MethodsFourteen animals were divided into two groups of seven and challenged through the endobronchial (EB) and intranasal (IN) routes, respectively. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, and immunological responses from blood samples were followed up throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung lesions using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LNs) by qPCR were carried out.ResultsThe IN-challenged group showed a slower progression of the infection: delayed clinical signs (body weight gain reduction, peak of temperature, and apparition of other TB signs) and delayed immunological responses (IFN-γ peak response and seroconversion). At the end of the experiment, the IN group also showed significantly lower severity and dissemination of lung lesions, lower mycobacterial DNA load and volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, and higher involvement of the nasopharyngeal cavity and volume of the lesions in the retropharyngeal LN.ConclusionThe results indicated that the IN challenge with M. caprae induced pathological features of natural TB in the lungs, respiratory LN, and extrapulmonary organs but extremely exaggerating the nasopharyngeal TB pathological features. On the other hand, the EB route oversized and accelerated the pulmonary TB lesion progression. Our results highlight the need to refine the inoculation routes in the interest of faithfully reproducing the natural TB infection when evaluating new vaccines or treatments against the disease.

Este artigo nos convida a conhecer as experiências de uma infância migrante em contextos de trabalho agrícola relacionados com a colheita da cana-de-açúcar. San Silverio el Cedral, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca-México, se converte em um cenário de solos irregulares para atender às necessidades como famílias migrantes no ciclo 2021-2022 que trabalharam na colheita da cana-de-açúcar na região de Papaloapan. Diante dessa realidade, nos perguntamos: quais são as experiências das crianças migrantes na busca da realização da vida? Nossa intenção foi de compreender com o coração – e com o coração nos encontrarmos com os sentimentos e pensamentos –, de escutar e dialogar sobre suas realidades-verdades, suas esperanças e suas utopias, através de suas histórias, de seus traslados e dos novos territórios que habitam quando chegam ao acampamento. Pudemos observar como elas se inserem na estrutura operacional do trabalho e da vida infantil, reconhecendo seus sentimentos, pensamentos, suas relações inter e intrageracionais, suas reflexões, seus olhares, vozes e conhecimentos como crianças migrantes que têm ressignificado culturalmente os espaços, criando outras geografias. Assim, suas ações infantis são contextualizadas dentro das relações de produção agrícola capitalista. As crianças, compreendidas como atores sociais ativos, resistem e criam desde a concretude de suas propostas e demandas. Foi realizado um intenso trabalho de campo, utilizando diferentes procedimentos metodológicos, incluindo a representação gráfica como meio de diálogo, o que denominamos de desenho-história-entrevista, utilizado como dispositivo para o nosso encontro com a infância.

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es un problema de salud pública global, agudizado por el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19, el cual ha generado importantes esfuerzos a escala mundial y nacional para fortalecer la prevención, la detección temprana y la terapia oportuna y así mitigar sus repercusiones multidimensionales. Objetivo: Unificar criterios y generar recomendaciones clínicas basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Método: Se realizó un consenso intersocietario con la participación de varias asociaciones colombianas para la adaptación y/o adopción de recomendaciones clínicas informadas en evidencia que orientan el diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente adulto (mayor o igual a 18 años) con hipertensión arterial. Resultados: Se obtuvo respuesta de diecinueve expertos. El rango de acuerdo para las recomendaciones incluidas en el consenso osciló entre 84.2 y 100%. Se generaron veintidós recomendaciones clínicas para las dimensiones de diagnóstico (n = 6), tratamiento no farmacológico (n = 6) y tratamiento farmacológico (n = 10). Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones clínicas de este consenso orientan la toma de decisiones clínicas interdisciplinarias respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con hipertensión arterial.

Se presenta un análisis de las trayectorias, retos y oportunidades de los Estudios de biodiversidad estatal que son promovidos por la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, en el marco de la iniciativa de las Estrategias Estatales de Biodiversidad. Tras 20 años de esta iniciativa, se han publicado 24 Estudios de Estado con un perfil técnico-científico y biologicista a través de procesos que han involucrado a los distintos actores federales, estatales y académicos de la conservación en México. Su incidencia en el desarrollo de políticas y estrategias de conservación ha tenido un papel relevante para escalar el discurso conservacionista internacional desde los lineamientos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, pasando por la Estrategia Nacional sobre Biodiversidad de México, hasta las Estrategias para la Conservación y el Uso Sustentable de la Biodiversidad de los Estados y la conformación de corredores de conservación. Aunque los Estudios de Estado han contribuido a desarrollar herramientas de planificación a largo plazo, aún hay áreas de oportunidad para superar la brecha entre ciencia y su aplicación en la toma delas decisiones y acciones para la gestión y conservación de la biodiversidad en México.

Las capacidades dinámicas son relevantes para el actuar empresarial ante los cambios repentinos del mercado, modificando la base de recursos y capacidades existentes y alineando estos factores internos con los externos. La presente investigación ahonda en las posibles relaciones entre las capacidades de aprendizaje y de adaptación sobre la capacidad innovadora de las empresas industriales colombianas. Para esto, se tomó la base de datos edit industria 2017-2018, de donde se seleccionaron 1.571 empresas manufactureras colombianas y se consideraron 100 variables. Los datos se analizaron a través del coeficiente de correlación de Mathew y modelos de regresión logística mediante el software estadístico Stata. Como resultado se comprobó que la capacidad de aprendizaje aumenta la probabilidad de adquirir la capacidad para innovar en procesos en un 27,4% a través de la adquisición de información que proviene del departamento de producción y de los proveedores en un 7,9%. Por otra parte, la capacidad de adaptación incrementa dicha probabilidad con las dimensiones de innovación tecnológica (23,3%), estructura organizacional (14,2%), relación organización-ambiente (11,2%) y conceptual (0,6%). Las principales limitaciones corresponden a la escaza literatura acerca de la relación simultánea de las capacidades dinámicas y la dificultad para recopilar datos primarios dadas las restricciones de distanciamiento social vigentes al momento de desarrollar la investigación.

Varios estudios proponen la nucleolina como un blanco alternativo para la búsqueda y el diseño de nuevas terapias antitumorales o anticancerígenas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar compuestos con potenciales afinidades de unión al ARN de las nucleolinas mediante herramientas bioinformáticas. Se evaluaron diez compuestos de los cuales tres moléculas (ácido betulínico, triptolide y berberina) presentaron afinidades de interacción con el dominio de unión al ARN (RNA binding domain, RBD), exhibiendo valores de energía de unión significativamente favorables (p

Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between self-reported oral health status and a wealth index among white and non-white older adults in Brazil. Data from individual assessments of 9,365 Brazilians aged 50 years or older were analyzed. Poisson regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence ratio between wealth index and self-reported oral health among whites and non-whites adjusted for intermediate and proximal determinants. The total prevalence of poor self-reported oral health on white and non-white individuals was 41.6% (95%CI: 40.0-43.4) and 48% (95%CI: 47.1-49.8) respectively. The adjusted analysis showed that, for whites, the wealth index is associated with self-reported oral health since individuals in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintiles have 25% (PR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.65-0.88), 20% (PR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.67-0.95), and 39% (PR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.50-0.75) lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health than those in the poorest quintile. For non-white individuals, the wealth index is associated with self-reported oral health only for those in the 5th quintile, with 25% (PR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.72-0.99) lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health than those in the poorest quintile. The wealth index showed different effects on self-reported oral health among whites and non-whites. Socioeconomic status indicators may reflect racial inequalities due to the historical legacy of institutional discrimination. This study highlights the importance of developing policies to combat racial inequities and how these can contribute to better oral health conditions for the older Brazilian population.

The expansion of the mixed centers in the National Education System in Cuba is part of the transformations that have been carried out since the 2010-2011 school year, and currently they have been expanded with greater. In these institutions, several educational levels are combined with a single direction, which must favor the system of educational influences. At the "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca" Joint Center in the municipality of San Luis in Pinar del Río, students from Basic Secondary and Technical and Professional Education converge, which demands renewed and innovative actions from teachers to face the challenges of the activity. Educational; that is, a professional pedagogical performance according to such demands. It is important to point out that Technical and Professional Education is a different education; distinctive for its peculiarities. The objective of this work was to socialize a pedagogical strategy that contributes to the improvement of the professional pedagogical performance of teachers in the aforementioned institution. The research was carried out on a dialectical-materialistic basis, in which theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as historical-logical, inductive-deductive, analysis-synthesis, modeling, system approach, observation, analysis documentary and interview, which allowed a theoretical and practical study of the educational reality to arrive at this scientific result, which contributed to the professional pedagogical performance of teachers in their educational practice.

El presente Informe Científico-Técnico, pertenece a una Beca de Investigación para Alumnos Avanzados de la UNPA, convocatoria 2022 a cargo de la becaria Adriana Videla y se enmarca en el PI 29/A469-1 “Los impactos en el crecimiento urbano del Área Rururbana Intraejidal (ARI) incorporada al ejido municipal de Río Gallegos, en 2018. Provincia de Santa Cruz. República Argentina”, el proyecto y la beca son dirigidos por la Lic. Alicia P. Cáceres y codirigidos por el Arq. Guillermo Melgarejo. El tema de la beca es “Posición geográfica” del Polígono B, última incorporación de tierras al ejido de la ciudad de Río Gallegos en el año 2018. Abordada desde la perspectiva teórica de la Geografía Urbana. Los objetivos de la investigación son: relevar los elementos comprendidos en la posición geográfica del Polígono B del ejido municipal de Río Gallegos, que analiza el Sitio, Emplazamiento y Situación; realizar un diagnóstico territorial en relación a los recursos naturales y antrópicos que ofrece y los riesgos naturales y antrópicos que generan. Metodológicamente, se relevaron y analizaron bibliografía específica; se realizaron salidas de campo para la observación directa y para la recolección de datos para la elaboración de cartografía temática. Los resultados permitieron caracterizar la Posición Geográfica del Polígono B y exponer recursos naturales y antrópicos y, riesgos naturales y ambientales, además de aportar teórica y metodológicamente al PI 29/A469-1 y a la formación en investigación de la becaria.

We present a pioneering, spatially resolved, multiphase gas abundance study on the blue compact dwarf galaxy NGC 5253, targeting 10 star-forming (SF) clusters inside six far-UV (FUV) Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) pointings with cospatial optical Very Large Telescope/MUSE observations throughout the galaxy. The SF regions span a wide range of ages (1–15 Myr) and are distributed at different radii (50–230 pc). We performed a robust absorption-line profile fitting on the COS spectra, covering 1065–1430 Å in the FUV, allowing an accurate computation of neutral-gas abundances for 13 different ions sampling eight elements. These values were then compared with the ionized-gas abundances, measured using the direct method on MUSE integrated spectra inside analog COS apertures. Our multiphase, spatially resolved comparisons find abundances, which are lower in the neutral gas than the ionized gas by 0.22, 0.80, and 0.58 dex for log(O/H), log(N/H), and log(N/O), respectively. We modeled the chemical abundance distributions and evaluated correlations as a function of the radius and age. It was found that, while N, O, and N/O abundances decrease as a function of age in the ionized gas, they increase with age in the neutral gas. No strong correlations for N, O, or N/O were observed as a function of the radius. The N/O and N/H offsets between the phases were found to decrease with age, providing evidence that chemical enrichment happens differentially, first in the ionized-gas phase around 2–5 Myrs (due to N-rich Wolf–Rayet stars) and then mixing out into the cold neutral gas on longer timescales of 10–15 Myr.

With a progressively decreasing availability of water for irrigation, the utilization of lower agronomic quality water sources is becoming more prevalent. Compounds such as sodium and boron, due to their impact on crop development and production, are gaining significance in these water sources. Finding novel methods to immobilize these compounds in irrigation water is a top priority in the global agricultural sector. This study focused on exploring the potential of natural zeolite, commonly used as a soil improver and as a sorbent for sodium and boron in natural agricultural waters. The zeolite exhibited favorable properties, including a surface area of 40 m2/g and a cation-exchange capacity of 1.8 mg/g. Using a central composite factorial design, the zeolite’s capacity to remove sodium and boron from irrigation water was investigated. The results demonstrated significant efficiency in boron removal, while sodium removal was limited, with occasional desorption episodes. Response surface analysis revealed optimal conditions for the removal of each cation. Additionally, adsorption kinetics and pH effects were explored, emphasizing the influence on sodium sorption. Kinetic models were applied, and the pseudo-first-order model proved suitable for describing the sorption kinetics. These findings enhance our understanding of zeolite efficacy in irrigation water purification, emphasizing the complexity of cation interactions in “complex” solutions.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) attracts attention in studies for its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, a recurring issue in the literature arises due to the multidisciplinary nature of these studies, leading to a mistaken repetition of basic botanical terms. The problem stems from the misapplication of the term “aril” to the pomegranate seed, despite the fruit being exariled, signifying the absence of an aril. This confusion may be attributed to the sarcotesta’s appearance, resembling a complete aril, coupled with a lack of awareness in fields such as medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetics. This study specifically examines the Kingdom-variety pomegranate, due its economic importance in the fruit market. The fruits were evaluated at different developmental stages—initial, intermediate, and commercial. Magnification photography techniques were used to study the development state of the pomegranate fruits. The physiological studies confirm that the pomegranate seed constitutes the complete grain, with the juicy, sweet part surrounding it identified as the testa, not an aril. The findings underscore a persistent error in the existing literature, emphasizing the necessity for dissemination and education in future studies. A thorough grasp of pomegranate anatomy and precise use of terminology are indispensable for ensuring accuracy and rigor in scientific communication.

In 2021, global plastics production was 390.7 Mt; in 2022, it was 400.3 Mt, showing an increase of 2.4%, and this rising tendency will increase yearly. Of this data, less than 2% correspond to bio-based plastics. Currently, polymers, including elastomers, are non-recyclable and come from non-renewable sources. Additionally, most elastomers are thermosets, making them complex to recycle and reuse. It takes hundreds to thousands of years to decompose or biodegrade, contributing to plastic waste accumulation, nano and microplastic formation, and environmental pollution. Due to this, the synthesis of elastomers from natural and renewable resources has attracted the attention of researchers and industries. In this review paper, new methods and strategies are proposed for the preparation of bio-based elastomers. The main goals are the advances and improvements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of bio-based elastomers from natural and industrial rubbers, polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyethers, and an approach to their circular economy and sustainability. Olefin metathesis is proposed as a novel and sustainable method for the synthesis of bio-based elastomers, which allows for the depolymerization or degradation of rubbers with the use of essential oils, terpenes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols from natural resources such as chain transfer agents (CTA) or donors of the terminal groups in the main chain, which allow for control of the molecular weights and functional groups, obtaining new compounds, oligomers, and bio-based elastomers with an added value for the application of new polymers and materials. This tendency contributes to the development of bio-based elastomers that can reduce carbon emissions, avoid cross-contamination from fossil fuels, and obtain a greener material with biodegradable and/or compostable behavior.