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While shouldering the burden of economic development, China's industrial sector has significant water consumption and wastewater discharge, which has intensified the country's water shortage. To improve the efficiency of industrial water resource utilization system, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely used to assess the performance of the system. The current network DEA approaches adopted to investigate the system all belong to the self-evaluation mode, and existing network DEA cross-efficiency evaluation approaches have shortcomings. Therefore, a two-stage DEA approach with game cross efficiency is proposed to evaluate the system. First, according to the operation process of the system, this paper decomposes the system into a general two-stage network structure: water use stage and wastewater treatment stage. Second, the DEA game cross-efficiency model is improved to the general two-stage DEA game cross-efficiency model to evaluate the overall efficiency of the system. Third, given the overall efficiency, an efficiency decomposition model is proposed to determine a set of weights for each decision-making unit to evaluate water use efficiency and wastewater treatment efficiency. Finally, the rationality of the proposed approach is illustrated by model comparison, and the efficiencies of industrial water resource utilization systems in 31 regions of China from 2010 to 2015 are evaluated based on the proposed approach. The results indicate that, from the overall efficiency perspective, no region in China is always evaluated as being overall efficient and the overall efficiencies of 17 regions show an increase before a decreasing trend or decreasing trend during the study period. In 11 regions, wastewater treatment efficiency is far lower than water use efficiency, and in 11 other regions, both sub-stages are inefficient. In terms of the three areas, the eastern area has the highest water use efficiency, the central area has the lowest efficiency of both sub-stages, and the western area has the highest wastewater treatment efficiency. Some recommendations are presented to ensure China's sustainable development.

In order to further optimize the treatment strategy for the patients with acute basilar artery occlusion, we were dedicated to study the therapeutic effects and influential factors in the process of treated basilar artery occlusion with thrombolytic combined vascular interventional therapy. 75 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with arterial thrombolytic therapy were analyzed retrospectively. In accordance with the discharge records of patients, their short-term curative effect with 24-hour treatment and 14-days treatment were evaluated. Our data showed that the survival condition of the patients with acute acute basilar artery occlusion were visibly improved by combination thrombolytic and interventional therapy. Moreover, their BI scores were remarkably improved, while NIHSS and mRS scores were evidently reduced. These data proved that our treatment strategy was able to improve the survival condition of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. Furthermore, our data showed that coagulation related factors remarkably improved in the patients, when they treated by combination thrombolytic therapy with interventional therapy. In addition, our results suggested that the patients' bilateral Babinski(+), revascularization and coma symptom were closely related to their prognosis after treated the patients with combination thrombolytic and vascular interventional therapy, and the difference was statistically significant (p

Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) results in adverse health implications. However, the specific impact of paternal preconception PAHs exposure has not been fully studied. In this study, a total of 219 men aged 24&ndash, 53 were recruited and an investigation was conducted using a questionnaire requesting information about age, occupation, education, family history, lifestyle, and dietary preferences. Urine and semen samples were examined for the levels of the hydroxyl metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography&ndash, tandem mass spectrometry and sperm DNA methylation by pyrosequencing. The results from the correlation analysis using seven OH-PAHs and the average methylation levels of the imprinting genes H19, PEG3, and MEG3 indicated that 1-OHPH is positively correlated with H19/PEG3 methylation levels. We further examined the correlation between each OH-PAH and the methylation levels at the individual CpGs. The results showed 1-OHPH is specifically correlated with CpG4 and CpG6 of the imprinted gene H19, CpG1 and CpG2 of PEG3, and CpG2 of MEG3, whereas 1-OHP is positively correlated with PEG3 at CpG1. Multivariate regression model analysis confirmed that 1-OHPH and 1-OHP are independent risk factors for the methylation of H19. These data show that sperm DNA imprinting genes are sensitive to adverse environmental perturbations.

Background Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmental pollutant known to cause teratogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying this teratogenic effect is not fully understood. Recently, the alteration of DNA methylation of imprinting genes has emerged as a specific epigenetic mechanism linking the impact of environmental pollutants on embryonic development to paternal exposures. The aim of this study was to investigate the transgenerational effects of paternal BaP exposure on the imprinting genes in mouse sperm DNA. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice received BaP (1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg) or olive oil twice a week for 12 weeks. The methylation status of 6 imprinting genes (H19, Meg3, Peg1, Peg3, Igf2 and Snrpn) was examined by bisulfite pyrosequencing of the sperm DNA of BaP-exposed F0 generation and their offspring. Results BaP exposure reduced the methylation levels in the imprinting genes H19 and Meg3 and increased the methylation levels of Peg1 and Peg3; however, no significant differences was observed for the methylation levels of Igf2 or Snrpn in the sperm DNA. Furthermore, BaP-exposed male mice were mated with unexposed female mice to generate F1-2 generations. The methylation levels of the 6 genes in the sperm DNA from F1-2 offspring showed a similar pattern as that of the F0 male. The effects were attenuated in F1-2 generations. Conclusions Paternal BaP exposure altered the methylation levels of imprinting genes, implicating that imprinting genes are susceptible to environmental toxicants. Furthermore, a similar alteration was observed in the F1-2 generations although the attenuated in methylation in F2 generation, revealing a potential transgenerational effect.

Sulfur deposited on a hollow polyaniline sphere was prepared through in situ synthesis and used to investigate the electrochemical properties of lithium/sulfur cells. The fabricated hPANIs@S composite presented an excellent reversible capacity of 601.9 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 170 mA g −1 . The capacity increased with the cycle increase, especially at high charge/discharge current. For example, the capacity had only approximate 270 mAh g −1 after initial 121th cycle at 510 mA g −1 , and the capacity steadily increased to 380 mAh g −1 after 180th cycle at similar current. These results indicated that cycle property improved compared with that of pure sulfur prepared through in situ synthesis under similar conditions. The enhanced cycle property of the hPANIs@S composite could be due to the homogeneous distribution of fine sulfur particles on the PANI surface, which stabilized the nanostructure of sulfur and enhanced its conductivity during charge/discharge cycles.

Cobalt boride nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of Mobil Crystalline Material 41 (MCM-41) and the catalytic activity for sodium borohydride hydrolysis was characterized. The transition from cobalt boride particle to cobalt boride layer was evaluated, and the catalytic activity of cobalt boride was improved because of the MCM-41. The catalytic activity increased with the cobalt boride/MCM-41 mass ratio from 1:4 to 1:1. A cobalt boride/MCM-41 mass ratio of 1:1 provided high catalytic activity similar to cobalt boride. Sintered measurements showed that the catalytic activity was from amorphous cobalt boride and not from crystalline cobalt boride. Sintering resulted in the conversion of amorphous cobalt boride to crystalline cobalt boride and damaged the nanostructure of the amorphous cobalt boride framework.

Ni2B nanoparticle distributed on ordered SBA-15 mesoporous silica was prepared in situ and its catalytic activity for NaBH4 hydrolysis was investigated in the presented paper. The problem of Ni2B aggregation is resolved and the catalytic activity of Ni2B is also improved due to the effect of SBA-15. The catalytic activity increases with Ni2B/SBA-15 weight ratio increased from 1:4 to 2:1 and the catalyst with Ni2B/SBA-15 weight ratio of 2:1 has high catalytic activity close to that of Ni2B. The sintered experiment shows that the catalytic activity comes from amorphous Ni2B, not crystalline Ni2B. High sintering temperature leads to the conversion from amorphous Ni2B to crystalline Ni2B and damages the nanostructure of amorphous Ni2B framework.

A novel solid-state aluminum-calcium hydride-nickel composite/sodium borohydride system was prepared by milling and its hydrolysis performance was characeterized. The optimized system provided 100% hydrogen yield, and the hydrogen generation rate was regulated by altering the calcium hydride concentration, nickel concentration, hydrolysis temperature, and milling time. Hydrogen generation measurements and microstructure analysis showed that improved hydrogen production was obtained by microgalvanic cell formation between nickel and aluminum, decreased grain size by milling, and improved catalytic activity of nickel deposited on the surface of aluminum hydroxide.

Achieving a resource-conserving and environment friendly supply chain while pursuing economic development has always been the goal of countries across the world. As an emerging industrial nation, China is battling serious environmental problems. While there have been efforts to address waste processing, researchers are now interested in gauging the efficiency of waste treatment policies. We built a two-stage data envelopment analysis model with undesirable input to assess the efficiency of recycle treating and industrial waste reuse, including wastewater, waste gas and solid wastes in China. Our model is based on a circular economy structure that proposed by Environmental Protection Institute of China. The proposed method can serve as evaluation tool for the government policy in China as well as other emerging economy. We collected the data during the critical environmental policy enforcement period: the 11th five-year plan (from 2006 to 2010). We also analyze the waste treatment efficacy for the solid waste in the 11th and 12th five-year plan period (from 2011 to 2015). In contrast to earlier studies that have mainly focused on pollution disposal efficiency, this work takes both pollution and resource attributes of waste into consideration. The results revealed that integrated efficiency of industrial waste processing system was stable over five years. It also showed that efficiency at the pollution disposal stage was higher than that at the resources reuse stage, and contributed more to overall efficiency. We also find that the efficiency of the pollution and disposal of the solid waste improved during the 11th and 12th five-year plan. Further, the study reveal that the pollution disposal stage shows a similar trend as the integrated system, while the resources reuse stage does not. Finally, it also displays that there are three efficient development modes, namely, balanced, ecosystem, and coordinate development modes. In discussion, we provide benchmarks from developed countries for different development mode. We also point out other emerging countries that can benefit from our research by identifying their development mode and formulating their environmental policy based on these benchmarks in the future.

Background Mercury (Hg) is a well-recognized environmental pollutant known by its toxicity of development and neurotoxicity, which results in adverse health outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the teratogenic effects of Hg are not well understood. Imprinting genes are emerging regulators for fetal development subjecting to environmental pollutants impacts. In this study, we examined the association between preconceptional Hg exposure and the alteration of DNA methylation of imprinting genes H19, Meg3, and Peg3 in human sperm DNA. Methods A total of 616 men, aged from 22 to 59, were recruited from Reproductive Medicine Clinic of Maternal and Child Care Service Center and the Urologic Surgery Clinic of Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences during April 2015 and March 2016. Demographic information was collected through questionnaires. Urine was collected and urinary Hg concentrations were measured using a fully-automatic double-channel hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Methylation of imprinting genes H19, Meg3 and Peg3 of sperm DNA from 242 participants were examined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Spearman’s rank and multivariate regression analysis were used for correlation analysis between sperm DNA methylation status of imprinting genes and urinary Hg levels. Results The median concentration of Hg for 616 participants was 9.14μg/l (IQR: 5.56–12.52 μg/l; ranging 0.16–71.35μg/l). A total of 42.7% of the participants are beyond normal level for non-occupational exposure according to the criterion of Hg poisoning (≥10 μg/L). Spearman’s rank analysis indicated a negative correlation between urinary Hg concentrations and average DNA methylation levels of imprinted genes H19 (rs = −0.346, p

This paper aims to promote a national and international occupational health and safety (OHS) intervention for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within internal and external resources. Based on the characteristics of small SME management, the work environment and occupational health may be positively affected by the dual-effects of employees and government. Evolutionary game theory is utilized to identify relevant interactions among the government, small enterprises, and employees. Furthermore, dynamic simulations of the evolutionary game model are used to explore stability strategies and to identify modes of equilibrium.

The OHS services of SMEs are still in their start-up stage in China. As such, there is an absence of mature market norms, which in turn makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of OHS services. The government, as the “night watchman” of the market, is supposed to not only involve itself in the regulation of OHS service quality, but also introduce and implement proper regulatory strategies. This paper employs a computational experiment approach to construct an experimental platform based on multiagent interactions. By simulating the OHS service transaction activities of SMEs, this paper takes the perspective of dynamic evolution. From this perspective, we probe into the optimal regulatory strategy covering the positive influence of government punishment, policy supports, and service quality ratings of the OHS services of SMEs. These strategies should be built on the foundation of proper punishment standard and intensity, proper support standard and intensity, and quality rating information disclosure.

Correction for ‘Controlled synthesis of pentachlorophenol-imprinted polymers on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide for highly selective adsorption’ by Sheng-Dong Pan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 15345–15356.

The Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites were prepared via milling method and their hydrolysis performance was presented in the paper. The milled Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites showed high hydrolysis performance at 30-600C, especially that Al-3.5wt%Li-20wt%Ni3Sn2 composite had 100% and 1103 ml hydrogen/g of hydrogen yield within 20 min at 500C.The hydrolysis performance improvement of Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composite was due to the addition of Ni3Sn2 while Ni3Sn2 combined with Al and formed nano structure of Ni-based alloys deposited on the surface of Al. The structure of Al-(Ni alloy) could act as active sites in the hydrolysis process because the milled products such as AlNi, Al-NiSn and Al- Ni3Sn2 had high electrochemical activity in the hydrolysis process. Therefore, Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites were a potential hydrogen source for fuel cell.

Polymerizable ionic liquid copolymer P(MMA-co-BVIm-Br) was synthesized by radical polymerization technique, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The resulting copolymer was used to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend membranes via a phase inversion method. The effects of the copolymer on the polymorphism, surface wettability and zeta potential (ζ) of the blend membranes were investigated by ATR-FTIR, contact angle instrument and zeta potential analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and SEM-EDS) was also applied to investigate the morphology and the surface element changes of the fabricated membranes. The results indicated that P(MMA-co-BVIm-Br) copolymer existed on the surface of the membrane which made the blend membrane have a positive surface during the experimental pH range. The copolymer was also in favor of the formation of β crystal phase in PVDF membranes. The contact angle experiment indicated that P(MMA-co-BVIm-Br) copolymer could switch the wettability of the blend membranes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by exchanging Br− anion with PF6−. Compared with pure PVDF membranes, the water flux and water recovery flux of the blend membranes were enhanced obviously. The results from the flux recovery ratio (FR) and total fouling ratio (Rt) all suggested that the blend membranes had good anti-fouling properties.

The formation of Bi-Li alloy and its potential mechanism to improve the hydrolysis kinetics of Al had been presented in the paper. Bi-Li alloy could exist steadily and deposited on Al surface uniformly from XRD and SEM-EDX results because Bi-Li alloy had low melting temperature. The formation of Al- BiLi3 microstructure created active sites which produced galvanic micro cell of Al and Bi in the hydrolysis process. Therefore, hydrolysis performance of Al- BiLi3 composites was significantly improved with BiLi3 content increasing.

The catalytic properties of oxidized Ni3Sn2 powders were investigated for producing hydrogen from decomposing methanol in the temperatures ranging from 240 to 480 ºC. The oxidized Ni3Sn2 had much higher catalytic activity than that of Ni3Sn2 in the temperature range of 320~400 ºC. The results of an isothermal test performed at 320 ºC revealed that the oxidized Ni3Sn2 was spontaneously activated within 4 h of the reaction and slowly deactivated in the followed reaction time. The oxidized Ni3Sn2 suppressed side reactions such as methanation and water-gas shift reaction and showed a high efficiency for H2 production from methanol decomposition. Surface analysis revealed that the activity of oxidized Ni3Sn2 was attributed to the formation of Ni/SnO2 catalyst, which was supposed to serve as active sites for methanol decomposition.

LiBH4 has high hydrogen storage capacity, and its high gravimetric hydrogen density reaches 18.36%. However, LiBH4 exhibits poor hydrolysis performance in water because the abrupt ending caused by the agglomeration of its hydrolysis products limits its full utilization [1, 2]. In this paper, four kinds of organics, namely, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, and butanol (referred to MOH) were added to water, and the effect of MOH species and amount on the hydrolysis performances of LiBH4 was evaluated. Results show that agglomeration can be avoided and that LiBH4 has a controllable hydrogen generation rate and high hydrogen generation amount inMOH/water solutions compared with that in pure water. The order in terms of the hydrolysis performance of LiBH4 in MOH/water solutions is as follows: acetic acid >butanol> tetrahydrofuran >ethanol. From XRD, SEM, and other analyses, the enhancement performance is explained by the diluting and solvent effects. Moreover, the addition of MOH alters the hydrolysis route of LiBH4. MOH acts as not only a carrier for water and LiBH4 but also as a reactant to form intermediate LiBH4·[MOH(H2O)x]y, which slows the hydrolysis kinetics of LiBH4. Hydrolysis conditions were optimized, and high hydrogen amount was achieved correspondingly. The experimental data presents the potential application of LiBH4 as a highly efficiency and stable hydrogen source for fuel cells.

Aims Fully understanding the assembly patterns of plant functional traits in plant communities is a big challenge in the study of community ecology. The assembly patterns in alpline meadow and driving factors are still poorly known. In this study, experiments with different mowing intensities and various treatments of fertilization were conducted in alpline meadow for the purpose of improving the understanding of the assembly patterns of plant functional traits in plant community. Methods Data on functional diversity of 10 traits for 33 species from 108 quadrats (with varying combinations of mowing and fertilization) were analyzed by randomizations tests, ANCOVA and regression analysis, respectively, for the trait convergence/divergence. Important findings None of the traits studied showed consistently significant convergence or divergence pattern in integral gradients of fertilization and mowing treatments, while the ratios of quadrats assembled under deterministic and stochastic processes were 82.7% and 17.3%, respectively. Among the functional traits tested, growth form, life cycle, aboveground dry mass per plant, leaf area and leaf dry mass showed a stochastic pattern of assembly, but they were not affected by variations in mowing treatments and community characteristics (i.e. aboveground net primary productivity, biomass loss and vegetation height). Convergence or divergence patterns were shown in traits such as plant inclination, reproductive modes, nitrogen fixation, plant height and specific leaf area, which were affected by variations in mowing treatments and community characteristics. Among them, assembly patterns of plant inclination and specific leaf area were only affected by community characteristics, while nitrogen fixation, reproductive modes and plant height were affected by both mowing treatments and community characteristics. Moreover, the patterns of assembly varied by traits. Aboveground net primary productivity and biomass 吕美强等: 刈割与施肥干扰下高寒草甸植物功能性状的构建模式 917 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00086 loss well explained variations in the assembly pattern of plant functional traits. Mowing and fertilization showed the reversed effects on the assembly pattern of plant height, while no significant interaction was found between mowing and fertilization. The results suggested that there were different assembly patterns of functional traits in the community: stochastic pattern of assembly was the primary, and the deterministic pattern was secondary. Deterministic pattern was trait-dependent and correlated with variations in mowing treatments and community characteristics. The balancing effect of opposite selection forces, on the other hand, could lead to stochastic assembly patterns in plant functional traits.

Bimetallic oxide CuFeO

The foothills land can be used as different methods by the gradient 30 and 45. The low gradient land plans as the scenic greenbelt or parks for people; the high gradient land plans as green space for wild. Best use for foothills can enhance the city plan beyond hills.

In this work, graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared by the thermal pyrolysis of graphene oxide (GO) at 900 °C for 3 h, and their electrochemical performances as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were also investigated. TEM and SEM images clearly showed that the as-prepared GNSs had a transparent two-dimensional (2D) structure with 5~10 multilayers. The other experimental results (XRD, Raman, TG and FT-IR) confirmed the successful synthesis of GNSs. Electrochemical measurements revealed that GNSs had an initial discharge capacity of 1276 mAh g-1 and still remained 723 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles, indicating that the as-prepared GNSs shows a great potential as anode materials for LIBs.