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156. Greenness in semi-arid areas across the globe 1981-2007:an Earth Observing Satellite based analysis of trends and drivers

Author

Fensholt, Rasmus, Langanke, Tobias, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Reenberg, Anette, Prince, Stephen, Tucker, Compton, Scholes, Robert J ., Le, Quang Bao, Bondeau, Alberte, Eastman, Ron, Epstein, Howard, Gaughan, Andrea E., Hellden, Ulf, Mbow, Cheikh, Olsson, Lennart, Paruelo, Jose, Schweitzer, Christian, Seaquist, Jonathan, Wessels, Konrad, Fensholt, Rasmus, Langanke, Tobias, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Reenberg, Anette, Prince, Stephen, Tucker, Compton, Scholes, Robert J ., Le, Quang Bao, Bondeau, Alberte, Eastman, Ron, Epstein, Howard, Gaughan, Andrea E., Hellden, Ulf, Mbow, Cheikh, Olsson, Lennart, Paruelo, Jose, Schweitzer, Christian, Seaquist, Jonathan, and Wessels, Konrad

Published
2012

158. Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa

Author

Mertz, Ole, Mbow, Cheikh, Reenberg, Anette, Genesio, Lorenzo, Lambin, Eric F., D'haen, Sarah Ann Lise, Zorom, Malicki, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Diallo, Drissa, Barbier, Bruno, Bouzou Moussa, Ibrahim, Diouf, Awa, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Sandholt, Inge, Mertz, Ole, Mbow, Cheikh, Reenberg, Anette, Genesio, Lorenzo, Lambin, Eric F., D'haen, Sarah Ann Lise, Zorom, Malicki, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Diallo, Drissa, Barbier, Bruno, Bouzou Moussa, Ibrahim, Diouf, Awa, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, and Sandholt, Inge

Published
2011

159. Detecting Canopy Water Status Using Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Data From Polar Orbiting and Geostationary Platforms

Author

Fensholt, Rasmus, Huber Gharib, Silvia, Proud, Simon Richard, Mbow, Cheikh, Fensholt, Rasmus, Huber Gharib, Silvia, Proud, Simon Richard, and Mbow, Cheikh

Abstract

Various canopy water status estimates have been developed from recent advances in Earth Observation (EO) technology. A promising methodology is based on the sensitivity of shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance to variations in leaf water content. This study explores the potential of SWIR-based canopy water status detection from geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data as compared to polar orbiting environmental satellite (POES)-based moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The EO-based SWIR water stress index (SIWSI) is evaluated against in situ measured canopy water content indicators at a semi-arid grassland savanna site in Senegal 2008. Daily SIWSI from both MODIS and SEVIRI data show an overall inverse relation to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) throughout the growing season. SIWSI observations from SEVIRI are furthermore sensitive to short-term variations of in situ measured plant water content indicators when aboveground biomass increases from 500 to 900 gm-2 (LAI ˜ 1-2). MODIS SIWSI observations in contrast do not covary with in situ measured moisture indicators. Spatio-temporal trend analyses performed on SEVIRI SIWSI during a dry period within the growing season support these findings. These results suggest that the combined advantage of an improved temporal resolution and a fixed viewing angle potentially makes the SEVIRI sensor an interesting complementary data source to POES data for SWIR-based canopy water status and stress monitoring in a semi-arid environment.

Published
2010

163. Klimaændringer og fattigdom i Sahel

Author

Mertz, Ole, Sandholt, Inge, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Reenberg, Anette, Mbow, Cheikh, Mertz, Ole, Sandholt, Inge, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Reenberg, Anette, and Mbow, Cheikh

Published
2008

165. How much land‐based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals?

Author

Smith, Pete, primary, Haberl, Helmut, additional, Popp, Alexander, additional, Erb, Karl‐heinz, additional, Lauk, Christian, additional, Harper, Richard, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, de Siqueira Pinto, Alexandre, additional, Jafari, Mostafa, additional, Sohi, Saran, additional, Masera, Omar, additional, Böttcher, Hannes, additional, Berndes, Göran, additional, Bustamante, Mercedes, additional, Ahammad, Helal, additional, Clark, Harry, additional, Dong, Hongmin, additional, Elsiddig, Elnour A., additional, Mbow, Cheikh, additional, Ravindranath, Nijavalli H., additional, Rice, Charles W., additional, Robledo Abad, Carmenza, additional, Romanovskaya, Anna, additional, Sperling, Frank, additional, Herrero, Mario, additional, House, Joanna I., additional, and Rose, Steven, additional

Published
2013
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168. Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits

Author

Seitzinger, Sybil P., primary, Svedin, Uno, additional, Crumley, Carole L., additional, Steffen, Will, additional, Abdullah, Saiful Arif, additional, Alfsen, Christine, additional, Broadgate, Wendy J., additional, Biermann, Frank, additional, Bondre, Ninad R., additional, Dearing, John A., additional, Deutsch, Lisa, additional, Dhakal, Shobhakar, additional, Elmqvist, Thomas, additional, Farahbakhshazad, Neda, additional, Gaffney, Owen, additional, Haberl, Helmut, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Mbow, Cheikh, additional, McMichael, Anthony J., additional, deMorais, Joao M. F., additional, Olsson, Per, additional, Pinho, Patricia Fernanda, additional, Seto, Karen C., additional, Sinclair, Paul, additional, Stafford Smith, Mark, additional, and Sugar, Lorraine, additional

Published
2012
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169. Greenness in semi-arid areas across the globe 1981–2007 — an Earth Observing Satellite based analysis of trends and drivers

Author

Fensholt, Rasmus, primary, Langanke, Tobias, additional, Rasmussen, Kjeld, additional, Reenberg, Anette, additional, Prince, Stephen D., additional, Tucker, Compton, additional, Scholes, Robert J., additional, Le, Quang Bao, additional, Bondeau, Alberte, additional, Eastman, Ron, additional, Epstein, Howard, additional, Gaughan, Andrea E., additional, Hellden, Ulf, additional, Mbow, Cheikh, additional, Olsson, Lennart, additional, Paruelo, Jose, additional, Schweitzer, Christian, additional, Seaquist, Jonathan, additional, and Wessels, Konrad, additional

Published
2012
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170. Pacific Rim Forestry / Silviculture and Forest Ecology

Author

Negi, Vishal Singh, primary, Pal, Archana, additional, Singh, Ratnesh, additional, Borthakur, Dulal, additional, Pala, Archana, additional, Negi, Vishal Singh, additional, Rushanaedy, Isabel, additional, Jones, Tyler, additional, Dudley, Nicklos, additional, Yafuso, Jannai, additional, Friday, Kathleen, additional, Sanney, Jacob, additional, Nithan, Maxson, additional, Jonathan, Rickson, additional, Waguk, Erick, additional, Michael, Uelbil Puanani, additional, Sadang, Omekrael, additional, Eperiam, Eugene, additional, Marquez, Wendolin Roseo, additional, Maugalei, Fa'afa'i Tony, additional, Sue, John Ah, additional, Strom, Brian, additional, Smith, Sheri, additional, Fischer, Joseph, additional, Yeh, Aileen, additional, Sniezko, Richard, additional, Cannon, Philip, additional, James, Robert, additional, Schenck, Susan, additional, Raboin, Erin, additional, Johnson, M. Tracy, additional, Denslow, Julie, additional, Liu, Zhanfeng, additional, Gurr, Neil, additional, Schmaedick, Mark, additional, Whistler, Arthur, additional, Fischer, Lisa, additional, Kolka, Randy, additional, Hanson, Paul, additional, Norby, Rich, additional, Palik, Brian, additional, Wullschleger, Stan, additional, Garten, Charles, additional, Sebestyen, Steve, additional, Thornton, Peter, additional, Bradford, John, additional, Mulhollend, Pat, additional, Todd, Don, additional, Iversen, Colleen, additional, Warren, Jeff, additional, Peterson, Kristin, additional, Shiraishi, Ayami, additional, Uchida, Janice, additional, Tacconelli, Michelle, additional, Loewenstein, Edward, additional, Bell, Conor, additional, Kettler, Kenneth, additional, Premer, Michael, additional, Oikarinen, Kara, additional, Dunnack, Eric, additional, Pickens, James, additional, Burkowski, Marilynn, additional, Gazal, Rico, additional, Dugan, Sean, additional, Oswald, Brian, additional, Balice, Randy, additional, Unger, Daniel, additional, Kreye, Melissa, additional, Stein, Taylor, additional, Ober, Holly, additional, Kobziar, Leda, additional, Bohn, Kimberly, additional, Carter, Douglas, additional, Peterson, Nancy, additional, Doruska, Paul, additional, Vacchiano, Giorgio, additional, Berretti, Roberta, additional, Motta, Renzo, additional, Michaels, Christy, additional, Williams, Hans, additional, Farrish, Kenneth, additional, Schuler, Jamie, additional, Litton, Creighton, additional, Giardina, Christian, additional, Crow, Susan, additional, Fortini, Lucas, additional, Schultz, Emma, additional, Seymour, Robert, additional, Weiskittel, Aaron, additional, Droske, Christine, additional, Morgan, Penelope, additional, Davis, Anthony S., additional, Robichaud, Peter R., additional, Lewis, Sarah, additional, Hudak, Andrew T., additional, Lentile, Leigh B., additional, Francis, Paul, additional, Orr, Blair, additional, Long, Michael, additional, Sparks, Jed, additional, Macy, Thomas, additional, Goebel, Charles, additional, Hix, David, additional, Miller, David, additional, Rudnicki, Mark, additional, Hiscox, April, additional, Su, Hong Bing, additional, Kolb, Thomas, additional, Previant, Wilfred, additional, Nagel, Linda, additional, Webster, Christopher, additional, Fuller, Angela, additional, Harrison, Daniel, additional, DeRose, Justin, additional, Shaw, John, additional, Long, Jim, additional, Bentz, Barbara, additional, Holzmueller, Eric, additional, Gibson, David, additional, Suchecki, Paul, additional, Stuhlinger, Chris, additional, Silver, Emily, additional, D'Amato, Anthony, additional, Fraver, Shawn, additional, Strommer, Shane, additional, Teets, Andrew, additional, Houghton, Craig, additional, Gundlach, Andrew, additional, Fritz, Brian, additional, Brantley, Elizabeth, additional, Cunningham, Kyle, additional, Pelkki, Matthew, additional, Caldwell, Benjamin, additional, Kusbach, Antonin, additional, Eiche, Nik, additional, Jones, Dryw, additional, Lightle, Nicole, additional, Heckathorn, Scott, additional, Morton, Nathaniel, additional, Weigle, Brad, additional, McGown, Kathryn, additional, Miller, Joshua, additional, Stewart, Jane, additional, Ross-Davis, Amy, additional, Chhin, Sophan, additional, Mbow, Cheikh, additional, Sambou, Bienvenu, additional, Skole, David, additional, Gottschalk, Kurt, additional, Miller, Gary, additional, Brose, Patrick, additional, Tolley, Grant, additional, Battaglia, Mike, additional, Jain, Theresa, additional, Han, Han-Sup, additional, Graham, Russell, additional, Keyes, Christopher, additional, and Fried, Jeremy, additional

Published
2011
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172. Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano‐Sahelian region of West Africa

Author

Mertz, Ole, primary, Mbow, Cheikh, additional, Reenberg, Anette, additional, Genesio, Lorenzo, additional, Lambin, Eric F., additional, D'haen, Sarah, additional, Zorom, Malicki, additional, Rasmussen, Kjeld, additional, Diallo, Drissa, additional, Barbier, Bruno, additional, Moussa, Ibrahim Bouzou, additional, Diouf, Awa, additional, Nielsen, Jonas Ø., additional, and Sandholt, Inge, additional

Published
2011
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187. Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

Author

Leadley, Paul, Proença, Vânia, Fernández-Manjarrés, Juan, Pereira, Henrique Miguel, Alkemade, Rob, Biggs, Reinette, Bruley, Enora, Cheung, William, Cooper, David, Figueiredo, Joana, Gilman, Eric, Guénette, Sylvie, Hurtt, George, Mbow, Cheikh, Oberdorff, Thierry, Revenga, Carmen, Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Scholes, Robert, Smith, Mark Stafford, and Sumaila, U. Rashid

Subjects
BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM services, CLIMATE change, WELL-being, SOCIOECONOMICS, COASTAL ecosystem health
Abstract

Current trajectories of global change may lead to regime shifts at regional scales, driving coupled human–environment systems to highly degraded states in terms of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. For business-as-usual socioeconomic development pathways, regime shifts are projected to occur within the next several decades, to be difficult to reverse, and to have regional- to global-scale impacts on human society. We provide an overview of ecosystem, socioeconomic, and biophysical mechanisms mediating regime shifts and illustrate how these interact at regional scales by aggregation, synergy, and spreading processes. We give detailed examples of interactions for terrestrial ecosystems of central South America and for marine and coastal ecosystems of Southeast Asia. This analysis suggests that degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services over the twenty-first century could be far greater than was previously predicted. We identify key policy and management opportunities at regional to global scales to avoid these shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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188. Knowledge gaps and research needs concerning agroforestry's contribution to Sustainable Development Goals in Africa.

Author

Mbow, Cheikh, van Noordwijk, Meine, Prabhu, Ravi, and Simons, Tony

Abstract

Highlights: [•] Agroforestry requires several enabling conditions beyond biophysical suitability. [•] Failure of some agroforestry strategies is related to lack of integration and system approach. [•] Many pending research questions must be explored to optimize agroforestry knowledge and practice. [•] Agroforestry can help achieve many Sustainable Development Goals if considered in national policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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189. Agroforestry solutions to address food security and climate change challenges in Africa.

Author

Mbow, Cheikh, Van Noordwijk, Meine, Luedeling, Eike, Neufeldt, Henry, Minang, Peter A, and Kowero, Godwin

Abstract

Highlights: [•] Agroforestry farms and landscapes are a important part of Africa's rural landscapes. [•] Trees on farm and in the landscape provide income and environmental outcomes. [•] Climate change and food security challenges can be eased through trees in the landscape. [•] Current policy frameworks could benefit from greater synergy, aligned with current practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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190. Opportunities and applications of dendrochronology in Africa.

Author

Gebrekirstos, Aster, Bräuning, Achim, Sass-Klassen, Ute, and Mbow, Cheikh

Abstract

Highlights: [•] Trees in Africa may form annual rings and grow to multicentury age. [•] Dendroecology helps to reconstruct climate trends and atmospheric circulation patterns. [•] Tree rings can fill the knowledge gaps in ecosystem productivity and hydrological cycle. [•] It contributes to validation of climate models for improved climate scenarios. [•] Tree ring analyses can complement allometric models to estimate carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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191. Can agroforestry option values improve the functioning of drivers of agricultural intensification in Africa?

Author

Carsan, Sammy, Stroebel, Aldo, Dawson, Ian, Kindt, Roeland, Mbow, Cheikh, Mowo, Jeremias, and Jamnadass, Ramni

Abstract

Highlights: [•] Climate, nutrient and water use balances drive agricultural intensification. [•] The yield gap in Africa is due to low soil fertility and water stress. [•] Loss of diversity can reduce the stability of production landscapes. [•] Agroforestry can improve the functioning of drivers of intensification. [•] Biodiversity regulates nutrients recycling, soil carbon and water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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192. Achieving mitigation and adaptation to climate change through sustainable agroforestry practices in Africa.

Author

Mbow, Cheikh, Smith, Pete, Skole, David, Duguma, Lalisa, and Bustamante, Mercedes

Abstract

Highlights: [•] Agroforestry shows promise for co-delivery of adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. [ • ] Socio-environmental benefits of agroforestry should be considered in agricultural policies. [•] Farming practices and land management are keys for sustainable agriculture. [•] Social and technical barriers limit the implementation of adaptation and mitigation practices in agroforestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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197. Effects of the Heated Surface on the Unsteady Two Dimensional Natural Convection in Enclosures Bounded by Two Paraboloids of Revolution.

Author

Dia, Samba and Mbow, Cheikh

Subjects
SURFACE temperature, NATURAL heat convection, PARABOLOID, RAYLEIGH number, HEAT transfer, FINITE volume method, DIMENSIONLESS numbers
Abstract

Using a paraboloidal coordinates system and a vorticity- stream function formulation, the authors study numerically the two-dimensional unsteady natural convection of a Newtonian fluid confined between two paraboloids of revolution with vertical axes. A certain portion of the opening upward surface is heated up with a constant temperature and the rest remains thermally isolated. The upper surface downwardly open is completely cooled. A spatial discretization based on finite volume method is used to approximate the dimensionless equations. A fully implicit scheme is adopted for time discretization and algebraic systems obtained are solved by a successive under relaxation method. The authors analyzed the effects of the control parameters like the Rayleigh number and the heat factor e (ratio between heated surface and total surface of the upwardly open paraboloid) on the dynamic of the system. Local results are presented in the form of streamline and isotherm plots as well as the variation of the average Nusselt number and the friction coefficient on the lower wall. The analysis of these figures showed that for the three values of e, ½, ¾, 1 observed flows are very different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

198. Experimental and Numerical Study of Distiller Solar: Influence of Parameters.

Author

Yahdhih, Daha Ould, Mbow, Cheikh, Mahmoud, Abdel Kader Ould, and Beye, Aboubaker Chedikh

Subjects
DISTILLERS, SOLAR energy, RAYLEIGH number, GRASHOF number, NUMERICAL analysis
Abstract

In this paper, we give the results of measurements carried out on a greenhouse-type distiller to determine the key factors impacting water production and to validate the operation of the distiller. The discussion focuses on the correlations used to model internal transfers, particularly in the numbers of thermal and mass Grashof and the Rayleigh number. These numbers were determined experimentally for this type of distiller. The phenomena of thermal conversion were also discussed to better understand the energy balances and validate the theoretical part. This experiment is carried out in the presence of specific meteorological parameters of the production system of water (distilled). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

199. Exploring spatio‐temporal trends and environmental drivers of wildfire occurrence and impacts in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa.

Author

Kouassi, Jean‐Luc, Wandan, Narcisse, and Mbow, Cheikh

Subjects
*WILDFIRES, *WILDFIRE prevention, *TREND analysis, *CHI-squared test, *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test, *HUMIDITY
Abstract

Wildfires are a significant threat to environmental, social, economic and agricultural systems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal trends in wildfire activity and its interactions with climate and environmental factors in Côte d'Ivoire through remotely sensed MODIS data associated with climate, biophysical and anthropogenic data. We analysed relationships between wildfire occurrence and climate drivers using cross‐correlations, while Pearson chi‐squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests were selected to identify linkages between qualitative and quantitative environmental data, respectively. Seasonal Kendall and Sen's slope approaches were applied for trend analysis. During the period 2001–2019, 8150 wildfires were recorded annually, burning 2.69 million hectares per year, representing about 8.34% of Côte d'Ivoire. Fire detections and burnt areas highlighted a downward trend in all ecoregions with a predominance in the Sudanian zone. Wildfire occurrence showed a significant and strongly negative link with relative humidity and visibility, as well as a significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature, thermal amplitude and vapour‐pressure deficit. Also, the spatial distribution of wildfires was significantly conditioned by environmental factors. The findings of this study will help decision makers and managers to make decisions to reduce the vulnerability of local populations to current and future wildfire hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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200. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON LAMINAR STEADY NATURAL CONVECTION IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTICIPATING MEDIUM BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL CONFOCAL ELLIPTICAL CYLINDERS.

Author

Borjini, Mohamed Naceur, Mbow, Cheikh, and Daguenet, Michel

Subjects
*RADIATION, *HEAT convection
Abstract

Combined radiation and natural convection in a participating medium between two horizontal confocal elliptical cylinders is investigated numerically. The equations of steady, laminar two-dimensional natural convection are written by using an elliptic-cylinder coordinates system, the stream function, and the vorticity. The finite volume radiation solution method and the control volume technique are used to discretize the coupled equations of momentum, energy, and radiative transfer. Numerical solutions are obtained for Rayleigh numbers in the range 104 to 2x105 and the radiation-conduction parameter ranging from 0 to infinity. The special case corresponding to the convective flow within the annulus formed by an elliptical cylinder surrounding a flat plate is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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