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O projeto de extensão Mapa Verde Curitiba entre tantas outras atividades, despertou a comunidade acadêmica sobre a disponibilidade das informações nos Campus da UFPR. A pesquisa objetiva desenvolver um banco de dados de conteúdos e serviços digitais para a construção de um campus virtual que seja representativo da Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR. A metodologia se fundamentou na revisão de outros projetos de campi virtuais ao redor do mundo e, na busca por conteúdos informacionais digitais. A outra fase consta de pesquisa de campo com visita aos espaços da universidade e análise de registro fotográfico e desenho em mapas, seguida de pesquisa em sítios institucionais sobre a atividade exercida pela unidade visitada. A base servirá para municiar a outra proposta que visa facilitar o acesso a informação e localização dos espaços para a comunidade acadêmica. Os resultados apoiarão projetos que criem o Campus Virtual da UFPR.

Relata a experiência do uso da fotografia no Projeto de Extensão “Projeção e Visualização Científica dos 100 anos de Dados Históricos UFPR” como ferramenta capaz de desenvolver o raciocínio espacial e de visualização que, se aplicada a educação, estimula e fixa a atenção do aluno e o conteúdo das disciplinas. Identifica as vantagens e desvantagens de seu uso como prática didático-pedagógica em classe para trabalhar temas de criatividade. O experimento faz uso da tecnologia 360 graus esférico capaz de captar e unir séries de fotos de uma câmera digital amadora (que não permite troca de lentes) por intermédio de programas gratuitos e fornece o modelo de realidade virtual, que permite a real noção de tempo e espaço, sendo possível a visualização do todo, com o giro da imagem, e também a visualização dos detalhes por aproximação. Obtivemos resultados com boa qualidade de imagem e custo mais baixo que o utilizado por empresas. Tem-se a expectativa de unir temas como a educação e a tecnologia em escolas públicas, propiciando aplicações diferenciadas aos estudantes e estimulando o interesse pelos estudos.

During the months of July and August of 1993 a lichen collection campaign was held in Portugal where about 250 samples were collected and analysed by thick target PIXE and INAA. Results for 43 different elements were obtained and a data base was built and subjected to Monte Carlo aided target transform factor analysis (MCATTFA), method developed at IRI TU Delft. 10 × 10 km coast and 50 × 50 km far from coast sampling grids were used for collection, concentration data as well as factor patterns were extrapolated to the whole country making use of an extinction rule of 1/r 3 . In this work we present the results that were obtained based on a reduced data set of 22 elements measured by TTPIXE. The results for INAA data subset and the total data set are presented elsewhere.

A Construção Enxuta direciona a gestão dos canteiros de obra para o processo produtivo e a melhoria contínua. Para seu entendimento, no entanto, faz-se necessário implantar novas ferramentas de aprendizagem. Os jogos e simulações suprem essa lacuna. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o jogo “Desafiando a Produção”, como alternativa para a difusão dos conceitos da Construção Enxuta, considerando as particularidades da mão-de-obra da construção civil. O uso dos jogos para esta finalidade, ainda constituem uma inovação. O experimento mostrou que o entendimento sobre construção enxuta é possível e que o jogo consiste em uma forma agradável para isso ocorrer. Prova disso, é o alto índice (95,5%) de diversão proporcionada pelo jogo, aliada à confirmação do aprendizado dos princípios da construção enxuta. Para 86,4% dos participantes do experimento, o jogo ajuda a aprender coisas novas, 68,2% aceitaram-no como uma alternativa de aprendizagem, que contribui para a fixação de conceitos e 59,1% acharam que o jogo promove a interação entre colegas de trabalho. Palavras-chave: Construção enxuta; Jogos e simulações; Construção civil; Aprendizagem.

Between 8th July 2002 and 18th June 2004, aerosol samples were collected in Azores. Their inorganic composition was obtained by neutron activation analysis in order to study the differences of aerosols in two atmo- spheric altitudes of the central north Atlantic: (1) PICO- NARE observatory (Lower Free Troposphere-LFT) at Pico mountain summit (38,4708N, 28,4048W, 2,225 m a.s.l.) in Pico Island, Azores, where air masses from the surrounding continents (Africa, Europe, Central and North America) pass through, carrying aerosols with anthropogenic (Sb, Br, Mo, U, Se and Tb) and/or natural emissions (Fe, Co, La, Na, Sm, Cr, Zn, Hf, K and Th); (2) TERCEIRA-NARE station (Marine Boundary Layer) at Serreta (38,698N, 27,368W, 50 m a.s.l.), in Terceira Island, Azores, where natural aerosols (I, Cl, Na, Br and other soil related ele- ments) are predominant. However, a combined interpreta- tion of the data points out to a co-existence of the anthropogenic elements Sb and Mo, eventually with similar origins as the ones passing Pico Mountain summit. Very high concentrations and enrichment factors for Sb, Mo and Br in LFT, higher than the ones found in other areas, confirm atmospheric long-range transport mainly from the west boundary of north Atlantic; this may indicate eventual accumulation and persistence of those elements in the area due to the presence of Azores high pressures or the Hadley cells effect. A significant correlation between Fe and Yb and the enrichment of rare earth elements (La, Sm, Tb and Yb) and Th in LFT aerosols, both reflect a mineral dust intrusions from north Africa (Sahara and Sahel region).

One Plus Sequential Air Sampler—Partisol was placed in a small village (Foros de Arra ˜o) in central Portugal to collect PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 lm), during the winter period for 3 months (December 2009–March 2010). Particles masses were gravimetrically determined and the filters were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis to assess their chemical composition. The water-soluble ion compositions of the collected particles were determined by Ionexchange Chromatography. Principal component analysis was applied to the data set of chemical elements and soluble ions to assess the main sources of the air pollutants. The use of both analytical techniques provided information about elemental solubility, such as for potassium, which was important to differentiate sources. published

Este artigo busca promover uma reflexão sobre o papel da disseminação do conhecimento em organizações virtuais, tendo como base as abordagens focadas em equipes de projetos. Estuda-se a relação dos temas sob a ótica da cooperação em interprojetos dentro das organizações virtuais. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa está na construção do conhecimento de uma organização e, consequentemente, na aprendizagem organizacional, o que é importante para o sucesso e alcance das metas e objetivos das organizações virtuais.

At ITN, analysis of air particulate matter has been made since 1999, stimulated by a contract for air quality monitoring of an urban waste incinerator. Samples are analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Heavy metals and other elements are determined. The procedures for filter analysis have recently been changed, leading to the present comparison between the old and the new procedures. For INAA, in this new procedure we look for the 336.2 keV gamma line of 115m In in addition to the gamma-ray line of 527.9 keV used for the detection of 115 Cd. Cd evaluations obtained by both gamma lines are compared and detection limits for Cd are presented. Preliminary results for Cd, As, Ni, and Hg are shown for a region in the north of Lisbon.

Contexto : Ao final do seculo XX e inicio do XXI, a sensibilizacao ambiental cresce na sociedade. A relevância dos impactos torna-se perceptiveis, como mudancas climaticas e alteracao do meio ambiente promovido por atividades antropicas e promovem discussoes na midia e debate no meio academico. Neste cenario, surge a questao da sustentabilidade visando obter desenvolvimento economico com igualdade social e preservacao do meio ambiente. O setor da AEC esta inserido neste contexto e com o objetivo de criar mecanismo para mensurar o impacto ambiental provocado por edificacoes sao criados ferramentas, metodos e sistemas. Uma destas iniciativas sao os metodos de avaliacao ambiental em edificacoes. Nos paises desenvolvidos estas ferramentas ja estao consolidadas. Objetivo: O artigo possui o objetivo de desenvolver um sistema de avaliacao ambiental para edificios para a Regiao Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC) com foco nas peculiaridades desta regiao. Metodo/Abordagens : Estudo exploratorio comparativo atraves de revisao bibliografica e analise dos sistemas de certificacao ambiental, com analise de dados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. O artigo apresenta as principais metodologias de avaliacao ambiental, internacionais e cita as iniciativas brasileiras de avaliacao ambiental em edificacoes. Resultados : A comparacao entre os metodos de avaliacao ambiental permite identificar os parâmetros mais abordados por estes sistemas. A analise fornece subsidios que aliados a descricao do contexto da RMC permitem determinar requisitos para a elaboracao de uma metodologia de avaliacao ambiental para edificios. Contribuicoes/Originalidade : Discutir a aplicacao destes metodos e identificar parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de avaliacao ambiental especifico para a RMC.

A construcao civil consome muita energia, em geral, com uma matriz energetica de fontes fosseis e nao renovaveis que causam grandes emissoes de gases causadores do efeito estufa. O artigo propoe o uso de uma planilha eletronica, ferramenta classica e do cotidiano da construcao civil, para avaliacao de impactos ambientais. Foi selecionada uma tabela de composicao de servicos utilizada por uma instituicao publica, disponivel de forma gratuita na internet. A fim de validar o estudo foi aplicado em uma planilha de quantitativo de uma obra. A obra selecionada foi escolhida por apresentar atividades comuns de execucao e de dominio tecnologico do setor. A contribuicao principal deste artigo e demonstrar um metodo para calcular a energia embutida ate a fase de conclusao de uma edificacao a partir da planilha de servicos. Relacionando os insumos de cada servico com a sua massa e os dados encontrados na revisao bibliografica exploratoria, consegue-se obter a energia embutida da obra.

Continued innovation in products, processes, services, technology and on the company management, is essential to maintaining and achieve more competitiveness in organizations. To execute innovation projects, many companies seek external financial resources through development agencies. Taking into consideration few theoretical approaches on this topic, the Information Engineering presents itself as an element that can contribute for this process. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the information engineering can support and improve the process of funds obtainment to innovation purposes in organizations. This is an exploratory study through a systematic literature review method, which addresses three main steps: planning, processing and divulgation. The results show that the ability to manage information has a positive and direct influence on the performance of organizational innovation. Therefore, it is possible to realize that as the more information is structured and implemented more are the chances of successful in the innovation processes including funding source obtainment.

Samples of Platanus hybrida Brot. bark and Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale thalli, from a clean area in northern Portugal (Baiao), were transplanted into an exposure location at the south-western Atlantic coast, impacted by urban-industrial emissions (Sines), for a 10-month long experiment. Bark pieces were confined into nylon bags (2-mm mesh), and lichen thalli kept with their bark substrate (Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol.). Every two months, a double set of transplants (one for bark, one for lichens) was brought back into the laboratory, together with native samples of Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. Following suitable cleansing and preparation procedures, field samples were put through INAA for elemental assessment. The results indicate that, regardless of signal magnitude, (1) concentrations in bark and lichen transplants are significantly correlated with atmospheric deposition for an appreciable number of elements; (2) there are a number of significant correlations between transplanted and native samples, and again between the latter and the deposition; and (3) the elements with biological patterns that follow the deposition in either transplanted or native samples (Co, V) are the very ones whose bioaccumulation seems to benefit from an alternation of wet-dry periods, which fits the precipitation record of the test site during the exposure term.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. No âmbito das organizações, ao longo do tempo, a modernização do sistema produtivo vem requerendo agilidade no processo de qualificação dos profissionais, empreendedores, executivos e pesquisadores. Como o sistema educacional não tem acompanhado, na mesma velocidade, o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e tecnologias, o empresariado investe e estimula a formação profissionalizante de seus parceiros e funcionários, fazendo uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Este trabalho investiga o fenômeno das organizações produtivas, que investem em Universidades Corporativas ou em centros de formação, com o objetivo de melhor qualificar seus quadros profissionais. A tese desenvolveu um método para apoiar a tomada de decisão dos gestores nas empresas, no planejamento e implantação de programas educacionais, em todos os níveis organizacionais, com o suporte ou não de tecnologia. O Método de Apoio à Decisão em Educação Corporativa - MADEC foi construído a partir de um aprofundamento teórico e de pesquisas em campo. Foram visitadas empresas, estabelecidas no território nacional que investem na formação profissional de seus funcionários. Observou-se qual a estrutura que motivou a melhoria do nível de educação geral e profissional nessas empresas. O MADEC é composto por quatro grandes etapas administrativas entrelaçadas: Análise Estratégica para Educação Profissional, Projeto e Produção de Produto Educacional, Gestão Estratégica de Serviços e Gestão de Infra-estrutura e Legalização. A abrangência do método é sistêmica por agregar vários elementos (pessoas, produtos, tecnologia e mercado). A implantação do MADEC na DATASUL, empresa de Joinville (SC), permitiu entender como funciona a gestão da educação numa empresa de porte médio e capital genuinamente brasileiro, apontando as dificuldades e limitações quanto à aquisição de equipamento computacional, fato importante pela necessidade de integração entre o ambiente real e o ambiente virtual (Internet). Pode-se concluir em relação a DATASUL que a perspectiva dos procedimentos tecnológicos e o treinamento a distância foram implantados com eficiência.

Copyright © 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Airborne particulate matter plays an important role in the Earth's energy balance. One of the main reasons is that the real size of a significant number of the particles, mainly those of anthropogenic origin, is similar to the wavelength of visible light. Knowledge of the composition of such particles, as well as their dynamics and trajectories in the atmosphere is therefore very important. In the period from 23 February to 22 March 2000, a movement of airborne particulate matter going over Europe and towards Azores was identified based on satellite observation. This work presents a preliminary study based on PIXE and nuclear micro-probe analysis of samples collected during that period both in Portugal mainland and in Terceira Island in the Azores. Time-shifted correlation of sample composition and individual particle composition are presented and discussed. Results point to the possibility of inferring long-range transport of aerosol particles from the samples multi-element analysis, and to the existence of fractions of the North Atlantic aerosol identical at both Portugal mainland and Terceira Island.

Créditos

Sistema Eletrônico de Revistas da UFPR

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.

Under contract with the IAEA, the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri was collected to prepare a multielement lichen reference material for quality assurance of environmental studies. An inter-comparison run on trace and minor elements in this candidate research material (IAEA-336) was organized in which six analytical groups of the National Institute of Engineering and Industrial Technology (INETI) took part. INAA, PIXE, XRF, AAS, and ICP-ES were applied. The results obtained by different methods are compared, and their complementarity is discussed. As a quality control, the IAEA cabbage research material (IAEA-359) was analyzed. The results agree quite well with the estimated values given by the IAEA.

This paper focuses on binding sites of lichens. The aim was to investigate the extracellular ionisable functional groups or binding sites that can play a (binding) ligand's role in young (peripheral) and older (central) thallus parts of the epiphytic lichens Flavoparmelia caperata collected under different pollution load environments. Potentiometric acid-base titration was used to obtain the capacity of lichens to retain extracellularly bound H+ and pKa distributions describing the acid-base properties of the lichen. Titration data were used to constrain the proton-exchange properties of surface functional groups. The results indicate that for F. caperata, neither ambient conditions nor specific lichen thallus parts affect capacity and pK values of ionisable groups.

This paper addresses the dynamics of accumulation and release of atmospheric elements in lichen thallus, relating to retention times. The experiment assessed the rates of change of element concentrations in Flavoparmelia caperata collected from a clean site, transplanted to a polluted site and then back-transplanted to the clean site again. The whole experiment took 14 months. Periodically, three transplanted samples of each condition were collected and lichen element concentration was determined. Transplanted to higher or lower environmental pollution level, the lichen element concentration changed accordingly within two months, proving the lichen property to reflect the current ambient elemental concentrations. This experiment demonstrates that changes in the air pollution level, as expressed by the elemental concentration in thalli of F. caperata, can be detected at intervals of a few months.

Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Na, Sb, Se and Zn have been measured in atmospheric particulate matter and Parmelia sulcata Taylor transplants at a suburban and industrial area. Levels in particulate matter were found to be much lower than European target values, Californian Acute Inhalation Reference Exposure Levels and Ontario's Ambient Air Quality Criteria. Correlations between elemental content in lichens and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10) were investigated. For the majority of the studied elements, the best correlations were obtained by plotting data from a lichen exposure system, allowing free influx, against the sum of monthly averages from the first month of exposure till the month of collection. All the significant correlations found were positive, suggesting that element availability contributes to enhance accumulation. The existence of significant correlation is most likely to be proven if strong gradients of chemical elements content in lichen transplants are detected.

This study has carried out the assessment of magnitude of toxic elements contamination in and around the Sao Domingos mining area, a copper-sulphide open pit mine, and atmospheric transport of above elements by using lichens and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Samples of the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri and soils were collected. The concentrations of As, Sb, Fe and Zn were very high in all of the soils and lichens: the highest levels were recorded in the lichens sampled close to tailings pile sites and diluted with distance. The concentrations of As, Sb and other elements in the lichen were much higher than the regional background level reflecting the high magnitude of contamination. Patterns of bioaccumulation of elements throughout the study area were quite similar for widespread pollutants such as As, Sb, Zn and Fe. The results showed that lichens are important biomonitors of terrestrial and atmospheric pollution in mining-affected areas.

After a study in which the harmful atmospheric chemical elements (As, Hg, Ni, Pb) were investigated as leukaemia inducers, we have extended this work to 22 chemical elements using data from a lichen survey held in 1993 in Continental Portugal and childhood leukaemia death counts in 275 counties for the period 1991?1998. Kriging models were used to estimate lichen biomonitoring measurements at the county level. Bayesian spatial hierarchical models were used to explore the association between these and childhood leukaemia death counts. A significant positive association between the risk of childhood leukaemia and the levels of chlorine was found. Industries related to the emission of carcinogenic chlorine compounds and/or carcinogenic compounds, which easily react with atmospheric chlorine, were pointed out as potentially inducing this association.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) can be employed for a better risk assessment among human exposure to heavy metals. The objective was to develop a human bioindicator to be applicable for professional exposure that, compared with other common indicators, presents important advantages: it is non-invasive and it is easily and quickly collected. EBC was sampled in industrial workers and in a control group consisting of healthy volunteers working in offices. Heavy metal concentrations in EBC were determined by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) in parallel low-volume samplers, and the techniques Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) were used to characterise air particulate matter in the factory and in the offices. Results revealed that Pb and Cu were significantly higher in industrial workers EBC, raising the possibility of using this new matrix in occupational settings in order to assess the workers' exposure to toxic agents.

Owing to their abundance and ability to accumulate airborne elements, the epiphytic lichen Parmotrema bangii (Vain.) Hale and bark from its phorophyte, the Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica (L. fil.) D. Don, were chosen as atmospheric biomonitors and collected at five islands of the Azores archipelago, in the central North Atlantic – Sao Miguel and Santa Maria (eastern group); Terceira, Sao Jorge and Pico (central group). Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to determine 26 trace elements. Lichen thalli, substrate barks and samples of superficial soils were collected at each of the 18 sampling sites, located at different altitudes and distances from the shoreline. Enrichment factors for trace elements in the biomonitors (relative to local soils) were assessed using scandium as a crustal reference. A source-apportionment study was conducted, and pattern maps of elemental contents were prepared to illustrate the major differences in their distribution between the surveyed islands.

Contamination levels in top-soil, vascular plant and surface water samples from the Sao Domingos mining area, Portugal, were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Compton-Suppression Neutron Activation Analysis (CSNAA). The total levels of As, Cd, Cu, Sb and Sn are reported with a discussion of plant uptake and transfer coefficients. Comparative analysis of the same elements by the two methods has confirmed sample heterogeneity, and that CSNAA is adequate for the precise determination of As, Sb and other metals (Cd, Cu, Sn). Excessively high concentrations of As, Cu and Cd were found in 50% of the surface water samples, even above the toxicity threshold. The mining soil samples have extremely high concentrations of As, Sb and Cu. Despite the low concentrations of As, Sb, Cu and Sn in leaves, stems and roots, Erica andevalensis, Juncus acutus and Agrostis castellana might be suitable species for phytostabilisation.

In the present study, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) is used as a tool for the source apportionment of trace elements in atmospheric particles. Samples were collected at sub-urban and industrialized sites located in the northern region of the Great Lisbon. A set of 16 elements determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was considered for PMF analysis. Results show the contribution of soil, sea, industry, vehicular exhaust, vehicular wear and road paved dust. Results state the importance of different emission sources associated to roadways, but in most cases the model could not distinguish between different industrial sources.

A informação representa um valor que, entregue em conformidade às demandas de seus usuários/clientes, gera inovação, inteligência e competitividade. Os conceitos de qualidade da informação, aplicados ao seu fluxo, quando gerenciado pelas organizações, agilizam processos decisórios. A mentalidade enxuta (lean thinking), aplicada em ambientes organizacionais, identifica o valor esperado pelos mesmos clientes/usuários e incentiva a geração de padrões em processos produtivos, a eliminação de falhas e a melhoria contínua. Este artigo resulta de pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica, com objetivo de oferecer parâmetros para qualificação da gestão e da operação de fluxos informacionais, com base em critérios oriundos do lean thinking. Para tanto, apresenta um conceito de Fluxo Enxuto de Informação (FEI), concebido e analisado criticamente diante do referencial teórico em Ciência da Informação e mentalidade enxuta. Novos elementos teóricos, de uso potencial pelo profissional da informação, são oriundos da pesquisa, cuja contribuição incentiva discussões cientificas sobre aplicações de ambas as áreas à gestão organizacional, no que tange à avaliação de fluxos informacionais. Information represents a value delivered in accordance to demands of its customers generating innovation, competitiveness and intelligence. The quality of information flow managed in organizations makes their decision-making processes easier. When applied in organizations lean thinking identifies the expected value of customers, creates patterns in manufacturing processes, eliminates failures and improves processes continuously. This article results from exploratory research which provides parameters for qualification of the management and the operation of information flows, that are based on criteria derived from the lean thinking. It presents a concept of Lean Information Flow, designed and analyzed according to the theoretical framework in Information Science and lean thinking. The research brings about new theoretical elements of potential use by information professionals and presents as contribution a scientific basis for discussions regarding the evaluation of information flow.

The article discusses the open access question to digital scientific information. Conceptual aspects of open access are discussed; the major national and international movements on behalf of open access are presented; scientific research repositories based on the open access movement are identified; difficulties and trends are presented. The article concludes identifying changes in the process of scientific communication, with emphasis on the amplitude, speed and transparency in the open access of scientific information. O artigo discute a questão do acesso livre à informação científica digital. São discutidos aspectos conceituais do acesso livre e apresentados os principais movimentos nacionais e internacionais em favor do acesso livre. Identificam-se repositórios de pesquisas científicas baseados no movimento de acesso livre e apresentam-se dificuldades e tendências. Conclui-se sinalizando mudanças no processo de comunicação científica, com ênfase na amplitude, rapidez e transparência no acesso livre à informação científica.