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The physical status classification of the American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) is the most used score in the preoperative evaluation, but inconsistent evaluations and low reliability have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability in the evaluation of ASA physical status classification among Portuguese anaesthesiologists.Cross-sectional study, in which an electronic questionnaire, was distributed to Portuguese anaesthesiologists with questions regarding their demographic characteristics, professional experience, place of work and how they would categorise 15 clinical cases regarding ASA classification. Three anaesthesiologists and a medicine student wrote the cases. Data analyses were done using R suite version 1.0.143 and IBM SPSS Statistics. The agreement among participants was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A value of P.05 was assumed as statistically significant.1,850 e-mails were sent, and 259 answers were obtained. Median age of participants was 47 years. 172 were female and 87 males. Ninety percent of work is in the public sector, and 99.6% use this classification on their daily practice. Participants' agreement ranged from 3 to 15 responses, with a mean of 9.2 (SD 6 2.4). In none of the cases was observed a total agreement with the author's classification. The ICC among the participants was 0.726 (0.585; 0.869; P.001), showing a moderate degree of agreement.The results of this sample revealed that the agreement among Portuguese anaesthetists is satisfactory and similar to the values observed in other countries where there were no significant differences between trainees and specialists.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar factores de salud percibida y de calidad de vida en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada en Colombia. Para esto, se contó con una muestra por conveniencia de 636 estudiantes (M = 18 años, DE = 1.38) que participó en la primera medición de una investigación longitudinal denominada VIDA2020. En particular, se realizó un diseño de investigación observacional transversal, enmarcado en una investigación de cohorte. Del protocolo de evaluación del proyecto, este reporte incluye un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos y antecedentes médicos, las subescalas de depresión y estrés del DASS-21, un ítem del SF36V-2 y el WHOQOL-BREF. En general, como resultado se encontró que el 91 % de los estudiantes valora su salud global como buena o excelente; que dicha valoración es significativamente menor en quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad (80.5 %) y síntomas de depresión (86.1 %) y estrés (83.1 %); que las mujeres, los migrantes y quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad puntúan menor calidad de vida física, psicológica y ambiental; y que el estrés y la depresión predicen menores puntajes de calidad de vida física y psicológica, con correlaciones más fuertes en comparación con las variables demográficas y médicas. Estos hallazgos permiten identificar y priorizar las necesidades especiales en salud de los nuevos estudiantes. Abstract The aim of this study was to identify factors of perceived health and quality of life in first semester students of a private university in Colombia. For this purpose, a convenience sample of 636 students (M= 18 years, SD.=1.38) participated in this first phase of the longitudinal study called VIDA2020. An observational cross-sectional research design framed within a cohort study was used. From the assessment protocol of the project, this report includes a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and medical history, the DASS-21 depression and stress subscales, one item of the SF36V-2, and the WHOQOL-BREF. Results showed that most students (91%) rated their overall health as good or excellent, but this rating was significantly lower in those reporting a history of illness in their medical background (80.5%) and symptoms of depression (86.1%) and stress (83.1%). Women, migrants and those reporting a history of illness scored lower on physical, psychological and environmental dimensions of quality of life. Additionally, stress and depression predict lower physical and psychological quality of life scores, with stronger correlations compared to sociodemographic and medical variables. These findings allow the identification and prioritization of special health needs of new students.

El presente artículo aborda el pro-ceso de configuración de organizaciones paramilitares al servicio del Estado haitiano bajo la presidencia de François y Jean Claude Duvalier. Sus objetivos eran alterar el modelo democrático de la República de Haití y suprimir cualquier tipo de oposición política, lo que generó un tránsito desde unas frágiles estructuras democráticas a un modelo de dictadura partidario basado en el empleo de fuerzas paramilitares. Ambos presidentes estructuraron organizaciones que, junto a las propias Fuerzas Armadas haitianas y bajo el control presidencial, detentaron el ejercicio de la violencia en el país entre 1957 y 1986, generando 60.000 víctimas directas y el exilio masivo de amplios sectores de la población de Haití. This article discusses the configura-tion process of paramilitary organizations in the service of the Haitian State under the presidency of François and Jean Claude Duvalier. Its objectives by altering the dem-ocratic model of the Republic of Haiti and suppress any kind of political opposition, both Presidents structured organizations which, together with the own Haitian Armed Forces and under presidential con-trol ruled the exercise of violence in the country between 1957 and 1986 generating 60,000 direct victims and the massive exile of broad sectors of the population of Haiti.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as crenças da comunidade luso-africana, residente em Portugal, sobre a violência na intimidade. Os participantes (n=70) responderam a um questionário online, adaptado da Escala de Crenças sobre a Violência Conjugal. Os resultados apontaram para uma reduzida legitimação da violência, na intimidade, sendo a “pequena” violência a mais legitimada. Os participantes do sexo masculino, sem contacto com a problemática e que avaliaram os episódios como “não graves” apresentaram maior legitimação da violência. Os participantes de zonas urbanas e os residentes há mais tempo em Portugal apresentavam uma menor tolerância à violência. Dos participantes, 17.3% admitiu ter experienciado violência na intimidade, sendo maioritariamente do sexo feminino. Esta investigação visa contribuir para uma maior consciencialização sobre o tema, para a transformação progressiva dos discursos sobre violência na intimidade e para o desenvolvimento de ações político-legais que visem o combate à elevada ocorrência da violência na intimidade.

Introduction: Bartter’s syndrome comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited salt-losing tubulopathies. There are two forms of clinical presentation: classical and neonatal, the most severe type. Types I and II account for most of the neonatal cases. Types III and V are usually less severe. Characteristically Bartter’s syndrome type IV is a saltlosing nephropathy with mild to severe neonatal symptoms, with a specific feature - sensorineural deafness. Bartter’s syndrome type IV is the least common of all recessive types of the disease. Description: the first reported case of a Portuguese child with neurosensorial deafness, polyuria, polydipsia and failure to thrive, born prematurely due to severe polyhydramnios, with the G47R mutation in the BSND gene that causes Bartter’s syndrome type IV. Discussion: there are few published cases of BS type IV due to this mutation and those reported mostly have moderate clinical manifestations which begin later in life. The poor phenotype-genotype relationship combined with the rarity of this syndrome usually precludes an antenatal diagnosis. In the presence of a severe polyhydramnios case, with no fetal malformation detected, normal karyotype and after maternal disease exclusion, autosomal recessive diseases, including tubulopathies, should always be suspected.

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is an alternative to conventional linear controllers in power converters due to its attractive properties such as its conceptual simplicity, flexibility, direct consideration of non linearities as well as constraints, and fast control response. This last feature imposes computational constraints and short prediction horizons are therefore needed. In fact, in many applications an horizon one FCS-MPC controller is used. However, using FCS-MPC with a short prediction horizon in topologies that exhibit non-minimum phase behavior such as active-front-end rectifiers, dc-dc boost converters, and Z-source converters, among others, may lead to control issues. This work studies the origin of these control issues using nonlinear control theory considering a dc-dc boost converter as a case study. It is shown that the difficulty to directly control the converter output voltage using short horizon FCS-MPC is the resulting unstable internal dynamic, as the short horizon FCS-MPC controller acts like an input-output linearizing controller. To solve the problem of the unstable internal dynamic, a short horizon FCS-MPC controller based on input-state linearization is proposed allowing correct operation of the system. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposal.

In this work, a simple two-parameters correlation based on the Rice and Gray, Lennard-Jones, and Stockmayer theories was devised for the calculation of binary diffusion coefficients (D12) of any type of solutes at infinite dilution in polar and non-polar solvents. This equation can be relevant for systems with polar solvents, since most models in the literature fail when strong intermolecular forces predominate in solution. The new correlation embodies the Stockmayer potential without requiring the dipole moments of any component, which significantly enlarges its application. It was validated with the largest D12 database of polar and non-polar dense systems, with 8812 data points (NDP) spanning 553 systems, of which 133 have water as solvent (NDP = 1266), 89 contain polar solvents excluding water (NDP = 1405), 177 have supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as solvent (NDP = 5028), and 154 have non-polar or weakly polar solvents excluding SC-CO2 (NDP = 1113). Overall, the model achieved an average deviation of only 3.43%, with accurate and unbiased behavior even for polar systems.

Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV–Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol–ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.

Este libro narra, desde distintas perspectivas, los nudos más significativos que han tejido a esta Facultad en los últimos sesenta años de cara a los desafíos venideros. Destaca hitos que han marcado la identidad de un proyecto que surgió buscando dar respuesta a la formación y que se ha ido transformando para responder a los cambios del contexto, conservando el rasgo distintivo de pertenecer a una institución de la Compañía de Jesús que vincula en todo su quehacer a la pedagogía ignaciana. En sus páginas, se transitan los relatos de las múltiples manos que se han unido para construir proyectos colectivos de currículos, unidades, programas y extensiones de la Facultad, con la misión orientadora de servir a la comunidad, integrando la docencia y la investigación desde un enfoque profundamente humanista y diverso. La creación de un departamento de psicología en una facultad de filosofía y su desprendimiento para dar vida a una propia, el programa de formación en psicología y su transformación a través de los años en respuesta a los desafíos de los paradigmas y el desarrollo de la disciplina, la creación de un departamento que integre las funciones sustantivas de investigación, docencia y servicio, con los desafíos que ello implica, y la constitución de programas de especialización, maestría y doctorado, para complejizar los niveles de formación y generar comprensiones disciplinares más profundas, el nacimiento de un centro de atención psicológica universitario y de la Cátedra Internacional Ignacio Martín-Baró, que integran los propósitos de los programas de psicología, responden a una trayectoria de apuestas vanguardistas que se reflejan en la historia escrita que trasciende en las publicaciones de la Facultad.

The circular economy has been an emerging theme in the strategic decisions of different industrial sectors as an alternative to reducing the negative impact generated by the linear economy that extracts, transforms, uses, and discards our planet's resources without a second chance for reuse. In this way, most industrial sectors are looking for new business models based on circularity that can reduce the effects generated by the residues of their production processes and that can cause serious damage in the environmental, social, cultural, and economic. In the textile sector, issues related to waste management become even more evident, due to the relevance of this segment in the world economy and the extension of its production chain. In this context, the main objective of the article is to assess the potential and challenges of the Portuguese textile industry in the implementation of business models based on the circular economy for the reuse of textile waste. In the first phase, the work was carried out through systematic research of literature review in current indexed studies to investigate the theme of circular business models. In the second moment, qualitative research was carried out based on a case study in the textile industry RioPele in Portugal. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, in loco, in January 2020 with the managers responsible for the company's sustainability department. The results indicate as potential the fact that the company already integrates sustainability into its corporate values, applies circularity in the development of new products, is supported by class institutions, research centers and universities and recognizes this collaboration as a decisive factor for the success of its business model focused on waste reuse. However, it points out as a difficulty the still high costs for the transition to the circular economy and the need for more effective communication actions to share the principles of circularity and generate greater awareness in its customers and other stakeholders. The results of the investigation can help other industries in the textile segment to realize the advantages of reusing their waste for a more circular textile economy with strong brands that can generate positive impacts on society.

Preterm infants are at high risk of infection due to opportunistic bacteria as

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of obesity, also improving metabolic and inflammatory status, in patients with mild obesity. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood, but gut microbiota is hypothesized to play a key role. Our aim was to evaluate the association between gut microbiota changes and anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory profiles after metabolic surgery compared with medical therapy, in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) adults with mild obesity (BMI 30–35 kg/m2). Methods DM2 was an open-label, randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT: ISRCTN53984585) with 2 arms: (i) surgical, and (ii) medical. The main outcome was gut microbiota changes after: metabolic surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass—RYGB) versus standard medical therapy. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Clinical visits, blood workup, and stool samples were collected at baseline and months (M)1, 3, 6, 12. Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA targeted sequencing. Results Twenty patients were included: 10 in surgical and 10 in medical arm. Anthropometric and metabolic comparative analysis favoured RYGB over medical arm. At M12, the percentage of weight loss was 25.5 vs. 4.9% (p p p = 0.004, [R2 = 0.17]) during the follow-up period after RYGB. There was a strong association between improvement of anthropometric/metabolic/inflammatory biomarkers and increase in microbial richness and Proteobacterial lineages. Conclusions This was the first RCT studying composite clinical, analytic, and microbiome changes in T2DM patients with class 1 obesity after RYGB versus standard medical therapy. The remarkable phenotypic improvement after surgery occurred concomitantly with changes in the gut microbiome, but at a lower level. Trial registration: ISRCTN53984585

Resumen Obesidad y diabetes son dos entidades muy relacionadas. Las modificaciones en los habitos de vida y el tratamiento farmacologico no consiguen una remision exitosa de la diabetes. Una opcion terapeutica para estos pacientes es la cirugia bariatrica (CB). En funcion del tipo de tecnica empleada (restrictiva o malabsortiva), las tasas de remision parcial y completa varian, siendo mas efectivas las malabsortivas, tanto en reduccion de peso como en remision de diabetes (RD). Existen diferentes escalas (DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem o 5y-Ad-DiaRem) que predicen la probabilidad de RD tras CB, sobre todo tras bypass gastrico (BG). Algunos estudios muestran tasas de RD mas elevadas, en cirugias con mayor componente malabsortivo. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar los beneficios de la CB al ano y cinco anos, en cuanto a peso y perfil glucemico en pacientes con obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), evaluar el porcentaje de RD segun criterios de la American Diabetes Association (ADA), determinar la capacidad predictiva de RD de distintos scores y examinar que variables predicen RD al ano y a cinco anos de la derivacion biliopancreatica (DBP). La DBP presenta mayor porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido (PSP) y una mayor reduccion tanto en glucemia como en HbA1c. La remision completa de la diabetes oscila en un 80% aproximadamente a uno y cinco anos de la CB. En general los scores que determinan probabilidad de RD tienen poco poder discriminativo en cirugias malabsortivas. La HbA1c precirugia predice RD a uno y cinco anos tras DBP. Se debe individualizar el tipo de cirugia realizada, en funcion de la gravedad de la DM2 y las caracteristicas especificas de cada paciente.

Obesity and diabetes are two closely related disorders. Lifestyle changes and drug treatment do not achieve successful diabetes remission. A treatment option for these patients is bariatric surgery (BS). The partial and complete remission rates vary, depending on the type of technique used (restrictive or malabsorptive), with malabsorptive surgery being more effective in terms of both weight reduction and diabetes remission (DR). Different scales (DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem or 5y-Ad-DiaRem) predict the probability of DR after BS, particularly after gastric bypass surgery. Some studies report higher DR rates in surgery with a greater malabsorptive component. Our aim was to study the benefits of BS at one year and 5 years in terms of the weight and blood glucose profile in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus; assess percentage DR according to ADA criteria; determine the DR predictive capacity of different scores; and examine which variables predict DR at one and five years after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). Percentage overweight reduction and the decrease in both blood glucose and HbA1c were greater with BPD. Complete diabetes remission was approximately 80% at one and 5 years after BS. In general, the scores that determine the probability of DR show poor discriminative capacity in malabsorptive surgery. Presurgery HbA1c predicts DR at one and 5 years after BPD. The type of surgery performed should be individualized, based on the severity of diabetes and the specific characteristics of each patient.