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151. Wave number spectra from temperature-humidity infrared radiometer 6.7-micron water vapor data

Author

Manney, Gloria L and Stanford, John L

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Wave number spectra from Nimbus 7 temperature-humidity infrared radiometer 6.7-micron water vapor data are analyzed using series 4800 km long, in regions free of high clouds and frontal zones. In these regions, the brightness temperatures approximate temperatures on a water vapor isosteric (constant density) surface, rather than averages over a broad vertical layer. Power above the noise can be extracted down to wavelengths of about 60 km. Fitting the power spectrum versus horizontal wave number k to a k to the -nth power law for wavelengths from 60 to a few hundred kilometers gives slopes of n = 2.7 to 3.0, depending on the exact wave numbers that are fitted. Thunderstorms and convective cloud systems may constitute an energy source for the reverse energy cascade which produces a -5/3 spectral slope. The results suggest that when these features are not present, the enstrophy-cascading process that gives a -3 slope may govern the motion at scales smaller than it has heretofore been observed.

Published
1990

158. Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NOy species profiles using correlative satellite measurements

Author

Sheese, Patrick E., Walker, Kaley A., Boone, Chris D., McLinden, Chris A., Bernath, Peter F., Bourassa, Adam E., Burrows, John P., Degenstein, Doug A., Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Manney, Gloria L., McElroy, C. Thomas, Murtagh, Donal, Randall, Cora E., Raspollini, Piera, Rozanov, Alexei, Russell III, James M., Suzuki, Makoto, Shiotani, Masato, Urban, Joachim, von Clarmann, Thomas, Zawodny, Joseph M., 鈴木, 睦, 塩谷, 雅人, Sheese, Patrick E., Walker, Kaley A., Boone, Chris D., McLinden, Chris A., Bernath, Peter F., Bourassa, Adam E., Burrows, John P., Degenstein, Doug A., Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Manney, Gloria L., McElroy, C. Thomas, Murtagh, Donal, Randall, Cora E., Raspollini, Piera, Rozanov, Alexei, Russell III, James M., Suzuki, Makoto, Shiotani, Masato, Urban, Joachim, von Clarmann, Thomas, Zawodny, Joseph M., 鈴木, 睦, and 塩谷, 雅人

Abstract

著者人数: 22名, Accepted: 2016-10-06

Published
2017

159. Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic

Author

Zhao, Xiaoyi, Weaver, Dan, Bognar, Kristof, Manney, Gloria, Millán, Luis, Yang, Xin, Eloranta, Edwin, Schneider, Matthias, Strong, Kimberly, Zhao, Xiaoyi, Weaver, Dan, Bognar, Kristof, Manney, Gloria, Millán, Luis, Yang, Xin, Eloranta, Edwin, Schneider, Matthias, and Strong, Kimberly

Abstract

Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1° N, 86.4° W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events were coincident with observations of hydrogen deuterium oxide (HDO) depletion, indicating that condensation and sublimation occurred during the transport of the ozone-depleted air masses. Ice clouds (vapour and crystals) and aerosols were detected by lidar and radar when the ozone- and HDO-depleted air masses arrived over Eureka. For the 2007 event, an ice cloud layer was coincident with an aloft ozone depletion layer at 870 m altitude on 2–3 March, indicating this ice cloud layer contained bromine-enriched blowing-snow particles. Over the following 3 days, a shallow surface ozone depletion event (ODE) was observed at Eureka after the precipitation of bromine-enriched particles onto the local snowpack. A chemistry–climate model (UKCA) and a chemical transport model (pTOMCAT) were used to simulate the surface ozone depletion events. Incorporating the latest surface snow salinity data obtained for the Weddell Sea into the models resulted in improved agreement between the modelled and measured BrO concentrations above Eureka. MERRA-2 global reanalysis data and the FLEXPART particle dispersion model were used to study the link between the ozone and HDO depletion. In general, the modelled ozone and BrO showed good agreement with the ground-based observations; however, the modelled BrO and ozone in the near-surface layer are quite sensitive to the snow salinity. HDO depletion observed during these two blowing-snow ODEs was found to be weaker than pure Rayleigh fractionation. This work provides evidence of a blowing-snow sublimation process, which is a key step in producing bromine-enriched sea-salt aerosol.

Published
2017

160. Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP

Author

Davis, Sean M., Hegglin, Michaela I., Fujiwara, Masatomo, Dragani, Rossana, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Long, Craig, Manney, Gloria L., Nash, Eric R., Potter, Gerald L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Wang, Tao, Wargan, Krzysztof, Wright, Jonathon S., Davis, Sean M., Hegglin, Michaela I., Fujiwara, Masatomo, Dragani, Rossana, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Long, Craig, Manney, Gloria L., Nash, Eric R., Potter, Gerald L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Wang, Tao, Wargan, Krzysztof, and Wright, Jonathon S.

Published
2017

161. Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems

Author

Fujiwara, Masatomo, Wright, Jonathon S., Manney, Gloria L., Gray, Lesley J., Anstey, James, Birner, Thomas, Davis, Sean, Gerber, Edwin P., Harvey, V. Lynn, Hegglin, Michaela I., Homeyer, Cameron R., Knox, John A., Krüger, Kirstin, Lambert, Alyn, Long, Craig S., Martineau, Patrick, Molod, Andrea, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., Santee, Michelle L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Chabrillat, Simon, Tan, David G. H., Jackson, David R., Polavarapu, Saroja, Compo, Gilbert P., Dragani, Rossana, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, McCarty, Will, Onogi, Kazutoshi, Pawson, Steven, Simmons, Adrian, Wargan, Krzysztof, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Wright, Jonathon S., Manney, Gloria L., Gray, Lesley J., Anstey, James, Birner, Thomas, Davis, Sean, Gerber, Edwin P., Harvey, V. Lynn, Hegglin, Michaela I., Homeyer, Cameron R., Knox, John A., Krüger, Kirstin, Lambert, Alyn, Long, Craig S., Martineau, Patrick, Molod, Andrea, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., Santee, Michelle L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Chabrillat, Simon, Tan, David G. H., Jackson, David R., Polavarapu, Saroja, Compo, Gilbert P., Dragani, Rossana, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, McCarty, Will, Onogi, Kazutoshi, Pawson, Steven, Simmons, Adrian, Wargan, Krzysztof, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., and Zou, Cheng-Zhi

Abstract

The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The project focuses predominantly on differences among reanalyses, although studies that include operational analyses and studies comparing reanalyses with observations are also included when appropriate. The emphasis is on diagnostics of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. This paper summarizes the motivation and goals of the S-RIP activity and extensively reviews key technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets that are the focus of this activity. The special issue “The SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)” in this journal serves to collect research with relevance to the S-RIP in preparation for the publication of the planned two (interim and full) S-RIP reports.

Published
2017

162. Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project(S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems

Author

1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Wright, Jonathon S., Manney, Gloria L., Gray, Lesley J., Anstey, James, Birner, Thomas, Davis, Sean, Gerber, Edwin P., Harvey, V. Lynn, Hegglin, Michaela I., Homeyer, Cameron R., Knox, John A., Krüger, Kirstin, Lambert, Alyn, Long, Craig S., Martineau, Patrick, Molod, Andrea, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., Santee, Michelle L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Chabrillat, Simon, Tan, David G. H., Jackson, David R., Polavarapu, Saroja, Compo, Gilbert P., Dragani, Rossana, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, McCarty, Will, Onogi, Kazutoshi, Pawson, Steven, Simmons, Adrian, Wargan, Krzysztof, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., Zou, Cheng-Zhi, 1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Wright, Jonathon S., Manney, Gloria L., Gray, Lesley J., Anstey, James, Birner, Thomas, Davis, Sean, Gerber, Edwin P., Harvey, V. Lynn, Hegglin, Michaela I., Homeyer, Cameron R., Knox, John A., Krüger, Kirstin, Lambert, Alyn, Long, Craig S., Martineau, Patrick, Molod, Andrea, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., Santee, Michelle L., Tegtmeier, Susann, Chabrillat, Simon, Tan, David G. H., Jackson, David R., Polavarapu, Saroja, Compo, Gilbert P., Dragani, Rossana, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, Harada, Yayoi, Kobayashi, Chiaki, McCarty, Will, Onogi, Kazutoshi, Pawson, Steven, Simmons, Adrian, Wargan, Krzysztof, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., and Zou, Cheng-Zhi

Abstract

The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The project focuses predominantly on differences among reanalyses, although studies that include operational analyses and studies comparing reanalyses with observations are also included when appropriate. The emphasis is on diagnostics of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. This paper summarizes the motivation and goals of the S-RIP activity and extensively reviews key technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets that are the focus of this activity. The special issue “The SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)” in this journal serves to collect research with relevance to the S-RIP in preparation for the publication of the planned two (interim and full) S-RIP reports.

Published
2017

163. The 12th SPARC Data Assimilation Workshop and 2016 S-RIP Workshop

Author

1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Errera, Quentin, Gray, Lesley J., Manney, Gloria L., McCormack, John, Anstey, James, 1000000360941, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Errera, Quentin, Gray, Lesley J., Manney, Gloria L., McCormack, John, and Anstey, James

Published
2017

165. Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP

Author

Davis, Sean M., primary, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Fujiwara, Masatomo, additional, Dragani, Rossana, additional, Harada, Yayoi, additional, Kobayashi, Chiaki, additional, Long, Craig, additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Potter, Gerald L., additional, Tegtmeier, Susann, additional, Wang, Tao, additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, and Wright, Jonathon S., additional

Published
2017
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166. Reanalysis comparisons of upper tropospheric–lower stratospheric jets and multiple tropopauses

Author

Manney, Gloria L., primary, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Lawrence, Zachary D., additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, Millán, Luis F., additional, Schwartz, Michael J., additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Lambert, Alyn, additional, Pawson, Steven, additional, Knosp, Brian W., additional, Fuller, Ryan A., additional, and Daffer, William H., additional

Published
2017
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168. Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier transform spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

Author

Griffin, Debora, primary, Walker, Kaley A., additional, Conway, Stephanie, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Batchelor, Rebecca, additional, Boone, Chris D., additional, Dan, Lin, additional, Drummond, James R., additional, Fogal, Pierre F., additional, Fu, Dejian, additional, Lindenmaier, Rodica, additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, and Weaver, Dan, additional

Published
2017
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173. Assessing stratospheric transport in the CMAM30 simulations using ACE-FTS measurements

Author

Kolonjari, Felicia, primary, Plummer, David A., additional, Walker, Kaley A., additional, Boone, Chris D., additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Moore, Fred L., additional, Pendlebury, Diane, additional, Ray, Eric A., additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, and Stiller, Gabriele P., additional

Published
2017
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174. Supplementary material to "Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapour and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP"

Author

Davis, Sean M., primary, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Fujiwara, Masatomo, additional, Dragani, Rossana, additional, Harada, Yayoi, additional, Kobayashi, Chiaki, additional, Long, Craig, additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Nash, Eric, additional, Potter, Gerald L., additional, Tegtmeier, Susann, additional, Wang, Tao, additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, and Wright, Jonathon S., additional

Published
2017
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175. Reanalysis comparisons of upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric jets and multiple tropopauses

Author

Manney, Gloria L., primary, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Lawrence, Zachary D., additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, Millán, Luis F., additional, Schwartz, Michael J., additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Lambert, Alyn, additional, Pawson, Steven, additional, Knosp, Brian W., additional, Fuller, Ryan A., additional, and Daffer, William H., additional

Published
2017
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178. Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems

Author

Fujiwara, Masatomo, primary, Wright, Jonathon S., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Gray, Lesley J., additional, Anstey, James, additional, Birner, Thomas, additional, Davis, Sean, additional, Gerber, Edwin P., additional, Harvey, V. Lynn, additional, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Homeyer, Cameron R., additional, Knox, John A., additional, Krüger, Kirstin, additional, Lambert, Alyn, additional, Long, Craig S., additional, Martineau, Patrick, additional, Molod, Andrea, additional, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Tegtmeier, Susann, additional, Chabrillat, Simon, additional, Tan, David G. H., additional, Jackson, David R., additional, Polavarapu, Saroja, additional, Compo, Gilbert P., additional, Dragani, Rossana, additional, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, additional, Harada, Yayoi, additional, Kobayashi, Chiaki, additional, McCarty, Will, additional, Onogi, Kazutoshi, additional, Pawson, Steven, additional, Simmons, Adrian, additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., additional, and Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional

Published
2017
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180. Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NOy species profiles using correlative satellite measurements

Author

50192604, Sheese, Patrick E., Walker, Kaley A., Boone, Chris D., McLinden, Chris A., Bernath, Peter F., Bourassa, Adam E., Burrows, John P., Degenstein, Doug A., Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Manney, Gloria L., McElroy, C. Thomas, Murtagh, Donal, Randall, Cora E., Raspollini, Piera, Rozanov, Alexei, Russell III, James M., Suzuki, Makoto, Shiotani, Masato, Urban, Joachim, von Clarmann, Thomas, Zawodny, Joseph M., 50192604, Sheese, Patrick E., Walker, Kaley A., Boone, Chris D., McLinden, Chris A., Bernath, Peter F., Bourassa, Adam E., Burrows, John P., Degenstein, Doug A., Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Manney, Gloria L., McElroy, C. Thomas, Murtagh, Donal, Randall, Cora E., Raspollini, Piera, Rozanov, Alexei, Russell III, James M., Suzuki, Makoto, Shiotani, Masato, Urban, Joachim, von Clarmann, Thomas, and Zawodny, Joseph M.

Abstract

The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) instrument on the Canadian SCISAT satellite, which has been in operation for over 12 years, has the capability of deriving stratospheric profiles of many of the NOy (N + NO + NO2+ NO3+ 2 × N2O5+ HNO3+ HNO4+ ClONO2+ BrONO2) species. Version 2.2 of ACE-FTS NO, NO2, HNO3, N2O5, and ClONO2 has previously been validated, and this study compares the most recent version (v3.5) of these five ACE-FTS products to spatially and temporally coincident measurements from other satellite instruments – GOMOS, HALOE, MAESTRO, MIPAS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM III, SAGE III, SCIAMACHY, SMILES, and SMR. For each ACE-FTS measurement, a photochemical box model was used to simulate the diurnal variations of the NOy species and the ACE-FTS measurements were scaled to the local times of the coincident measurements. The comparisons for all five species show good agreement with correlative satellite measurements. For NO in the altitude range of 25–50 km, ACE-FTS typically agrees with correlative data to within −10 %. Instrument-averaged mean relative differences are approximately −10 % at 30–40 km for NO2, within ±7 % at 8–30 km for HNO3, better than −7 % at 21–34 km for local morning N2O5, and better than −8 % at 21–34 km for ClONO2. Where possible, the variations in the mean differences due to changes in the comparison local time and latitude are also discussed.

Published
2016

187. Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier Transform Spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

Author

Griffin, Debora, primary, Walker, Kaley A., additional, Conway, Stephanie, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Batchelor, Rebecca, additional, Boone, Chris D., additional, Dan, Lin, additional, Drummond, James R., additional, Fogal, Pierre F., additional, Fu, Dejian, additional, Lindenmaier, Rodica, additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, and Weaver, Dan, additional

Published
2016
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192. Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems

Author

Fujiwara, Masatomo, primary, Wright, Jonathon S., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Gray, Lesley J., additional, Anstey, James, additional, Birner, Thomas, additional, Davis, Sean, additional, Gerber, Edwin P., additional, Harvey, V. Lynn, additional, Hegglin, Michaela I., additional, Homeyer, Cameron R., additional, Knox, John A., additional, Krüger, Kirstin, additional, Lambert, Alyn, additional, Long, Craig S., additional, Martineau, Patrick, additional, Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M., additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Tegtmeier, Susann, additional, Chabrillat, Simon, additional, Tan, David G. H., additional, Jackson, David R., additional, Polavarapu, Saroja, additional, Compo, Gilbert P., additional, Dragani, Rossana, additional, Ebisuzaki, Wesley, additional, Harada, Yayoi, additional, Kobayashi, Chiaki, additional, McCarty, Will, additional, Onogi, Kazutoshi, additional, Pawson, Steven, additional, Simmons, Adrian, additional, Wargan, Krzysztof, additional, Whitaker, Jeffrey S., additional, and Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional

Published
2016
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193. Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NOy species profiles using correlative satellite measurements

Author

Sheese, Patrick E., primary, Walker, Kaley A., additional, Boone, Chris D., additional, McLinden, Chris A., additional, Bernath, Peter F., additional, Bourassa, Adam E., additional, Burrows, John P., additional, Degenstein, Doug A., additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, Fussen, Didier, additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, McElroy, C. Thomas, additional, Murtagh, Donal, additional, Randall, Cora E., additional, Raspollini, Piera, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Russell III, James M., additional, Suzuki, Makoto, additional, Shiotani, Masato, additional, Urban, Joachim, additional, von Clarmann, Thomas, additional, and Zawodny, Joseph M., additional

Published
2016
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194. State of the Climate in 2012

Author

Blunden, Jessica, Arndt, Derek S., Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, David Berry, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, Zimmermann, S., ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 13. Climate action, Photosynthetically active radiation, Climate, Dynamics (mechanics), Data_FILES, Environmental science, Fraction (chemistry), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Remote sensing
Abstract

For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.

Published
2013

195. Detection and Classification of Laminae in Balloon-borne Ozonesonde Profiles: Application to the Long Term Record from Boulder, Colorado.

Author

Minschwaner, Kenneth, Giljum, Anthony T., Manney, Gloria L., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Johnson, Bryan J., and Jordan, Allen F.

Abstract

We quantify ozone variability in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) by investigating lamination features in balloon measurements of ozone mixing ratio and potential temperature. Laminae are defined as stratified variations in ozone that meet or exceed a 10 % threshold for deviations from a basic state vertical profile of ozone. The basic state profiles are derived for each sounding using smoothing methods applied within a vertical coordinate system relative to the WMO tropopause. We present results of this analysis for the 25-year record of ozonesonde measurements from Boulder, Colorado. The mean number of ozone laminae identified per sounding is about 9±2 (1σ). The root-mean-square relative amplitude is 20 %, and laminae with much larger amplitudes (> 40 %) are seen in ~ 2 % of the profiles. The vertical scale of detected ozone laminae typically ranges between 0.5 and 1.2 km. The lamina occurrence frequency varies significantly with altitude and is largest within ~ 2 km of the tropopause. Overall, ozone laminae identified in our analysis account for more than one third of the total intraseasonal variability in ozone. A correlation technique between ozone and potential temperature is used to classify the subset of ozone laminae that are associated with gravity wave (GW) phenomena, which accounts for 28 % of all laminar ozone features. The remaining 72 % of laminae arise from non-gravity wave (NGW) phenomena. There are differences in the both the vertical distribution and seasonality of GW versus NGW ozone laminae that are linked to the contrast in main generating mechanisms for each laminae type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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196. Assessing the Impact of Clouds on UV-visible Total Column Ozone Measurements in the High Arctic.

Author

Xiaoyi Zhao, Bognar, Kristof, Fioletov, Vitali, Pazmino, Andrea, Goutail, Florence, Millán, Luis, Manney, Gloria, Adams, Cristen, and Strong, Kimberly

Subjects
CLOUDS, ATMOSPHERIC ozone, ULTRAVIOLET radiation
Abstract

Zenith-Sky scattered light Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (ZS-DOAS) has been used widely to retrieve total column ozone (TCO). ZS-DOAS measurements have the advantage of being less sensitive to clouds than direct-sun measurements. However, the presence of clouds still affects the quality of ZS-DOAS TCO. Clouds are thought to be the largest contributor to random uncertainty in ZS-DOAS TCO, but their impact on data quality still needs to be quantified. This study has two goals: (1) to study whether clouds have a significant impact on ZS-DOAS TCO, and (2) to develop a cloud-screening algorithm to improve ZS-DOAS measurements in the Arctic under cloudy conditions. To quantify the impact of weather, eight years of measured and modelled TCO have been used, along with information about weather conditions at Eureka, Canada (80.05° N, 86.41° W). Relative to direct-sun TCO measurements by Brewer spectrophotometers and modelled TCO, a positive bias is found in ZS-DOAS TCO measured in cloudy weather, and a negative bias is found for clear conditions, with differences of up to 5 % between clear and cloudy conditions. A cloud-screening algorithm is developed for high-latitudes using the colour index calculated from ZS-DOAS spectra. The quality of ZS-DOAS TCO datasets is assessed using a statistical uncertainty estimation model, which suggests a 3-4 % random uncertainty. The new cloud-screening algorithm reduces the random uncertainty by 0.6 %. If all measurements collected during cloudy conditions, as identified using the weather station observations, are removed, the random uncertainty is reduced by 1.3 %. This work demonstrates that clouds are a significant contributor to uncertainty in ZS-DOAS TCO and proposes a method that can be used to screen clouds in high-latitude spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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197. Seasonal and Regional Variations of Long-Term Changes in Upper-Tropospheric Jets from Reanalyses.

Author

MANNEY, GLORIA L. and HEGGLIN, MICHAELA I.

Subjects
*METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, *ATMOSPHERIC physics, *ATMOSPHERIC circulation, *OCEAN temperature, *EROSION
Abstract

Long-term changes in upper-tropospheric jet latitude, altitude, and strength are assessed for 1980-2014 using five modern reanalyses: MERRA, MERRA-2, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP CFSR. Changes are computed from jet locations evaluated daily at each longitude to analyze regional and seasonal variations. The changes in subtropical and polar (eddy driven) jets are evaluated separately. Good agreement among the reanalyses in many regions and seasons provides confidence in the robustness of the diagnosed trends. Jet shifts show strong regional and seasonal variations, resulting in changes that are not robust in zonal or annualmeans. Robust changes in the subtropical jet indicate tropical widening over Africa except during Northern Hemisphere (NH) spring, and tropical narrowing over the eastern Pacific in NH winter. The Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar jet shows a robust poleward shift, while theNHpolar jet shifts equatorward inmost regions/seasons. Both subtropical and polar jet altitudes typically increase; these changes are more robust in the NHthan in the SH. Subtropical jet wind speeds have generally increased in winter and decreased in summer, whereas polar jet wind speeds have weakened (strengthened) over Africa and eastern Asia (elsewhere) during winter in both hemispheres. The Asian monsoon has increased in area and appears to have shifted slightly westward toward Africa. The results herein highlight the importance of understanding regional and seasonal variations when quantifying long-term changes in jet locations, the mechanisms for those changes, and their potential human impacts. Comparison of multiple reanalyses is a valuable tool for assessing the robustness of jet changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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198. Stratospheric ozone loss in the Arctic winters between 2005 and 2013 derived with ACE-FTS measurements.

Author

Griffin, Debora, Walker, Kaley A., Wohltmann, Ingo, Dhomse, Sandip S., Rex, Markus, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Wuhu Feng, Manney, Gloria L., Jane Liu, and Tarasick, David

Abstract

Stratospheric ozone loss inside the Arctic polar vortex for the winters between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013 has been quantified using measurements from the space-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). Six different methods, including tracer-tracer correlation, artificial tracer correlation, average vortex profile descent, and passive subtraction with model output from both Lagrangian and Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs), have been employed to determine the Arctic ozone loss (mixing ratio loss profiles and the partial column ozone losses between 380 and 550 K). For the tracer-tracer, the artificial tracer, and the average vortex profile descent approaches, various tracers have been used. Here, we show that CH4, N2O, HF, and CFC-12 are suitable tracers for investigating polar stratospheric ozone depletion with ACE-FTS. The ozone loss estimates (in terms of the mixing ratio as well as total column ozone) are generally in good agreement between the different methods and among the different tracers. However, the tracer-tracer correlation method does not agree with the other estimation methods in March 2005 and using the average vortex profile descent technique typically leads to smaller maximum losses compared to all other methods. The passive subtraction method using output from CTMs generally results in smaller uncertainties and slightly larger losses compared to the techniques that use ACE-FTS measurements only. The ozone loss computed, using both measurements and models, shows the greatest loss during the 2010/2011 Arctic winter. For that year, our results show that maximum ozone loss (2.1–2.7 ppmv) occurred at 460 K. The estimated partial column ozone loss inside the polar vortex (between 380 K and 550 K) is 66–103 DU, 61–95 DU, 59–96 DU, 41–89 DU, and 85–122 DU for March 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Ozone loss is difficult to diagnose during 2005/2006, 2008/2009, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013 because strong polar vortex disturbance or major sudden stratospheric warming events significantly perturbed the polar vortex thereby limiting the number of measurements available for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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199. Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic.

Author

Xiaoyi Zhao, Weaver, Dan, Bognar, Kristof, Manney, Gloria, Millán, Luis, Xin Yang, Eloranta, Edwin, Schneider, Matthias, and Strong, Kimberly

Subjects
DEUTERIUM oxide, OZONE layer depletion, AIR masses, ICE clouds, ATMOSPHERIC models
Abstract

Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1° N, 86.4° W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events were coincident with observations of hydrogen deuterium oxide (HDO) depletion, indicating that condensation and sublimation occurred during the transport of the ozone-depleted air masses. Ice clouds (vapour and crystals) and aerosols were detected by lidar and radar when the ozone- and HDO-depleted air masses arrived over Eureka. For the 2007 event, an ice cloud layer was coincident with an aloft ozone depletion layer at 870m altitude on 2-3 March, indicating this ice cloud layer contained bromine-enriched blowing-snow particles. Over the following 3 days, a shallow surface ozone depletion event (ODE) was observed at Eureka after the precipitation of bromine-enriched particles onto the local snowpack. A chemistry-climate model (UKCA) and a chemical transport model (pTOMCAT) were used to simulate the surface ozone depletion events. Incorporating the latest surface snow salinity data obtained for the Weddell Sea into the models resulted in improved agreement between the modelled and measured BrO concentrations above Eureka. MERRA-2 global reanalysis data and the FLEXPART particle dispersion model were used to study the link between the ozone and HDO depletion. In general, the modelled ozone and BrO showed good agreement with the ground-based observations; however, the modelled BrO and ozone in the near-surface layer are quite sensitive to the snow salinity. HDO depletion observed during these two blowing-snow ODEs was found to be weaker than pure Rayleigh fractionation. This work provides evidence of a blowing-snow sublimation process, which is a key step in producing bromine-enriched sea-salt aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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200. Spatio-temporal variability of the polar middle atmosphere. Insights from over 30 years of research satellite observations

Author

Lahoz, William A., Orsolini, Yvan, Manney, Gloria L., Minschwaner, Kenneth, Allen, Douglas R., Errera, Quentin, Jackson, David R., Lambert, Alyn, Lee, Jae, Pumphrey, Hugh, Schwartz, Michael, and Wu, Dong

Subjects
Klimasystemet og meteorologi, Fjernmåling, Atmosfære og klima
Abstract

We discuss the insights that research satellite observations from the last 30 years have provided on the spatio-temporal variability of the polar middle atmosphere. Starting from the time of the NASA LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere) and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) instruments, both launched in 1978, we show how these observations have augmented our knowledge of the polar middle atmosphere, in particular how information on ozone and tracers has augmented our knowledge of: (i) the spatial and temporal characteristics of the wintertime polar stratosphere and the summertime circulation; and (ii) the roles of chemistry and transport in determining the stratospheric ozone distribution. We address the increasing joint use of observations and models, in particular in data assimilation, in contributing to this understanding. Finally, we outline requirements to allow continuation of the wealth of information on the polar middle atmosphere provided by research satellites over the last 30 years.

Published
2012

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