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In this paper, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to calculate the technical efficiency and the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MPI) of the municipal (JM) and circuit courts (JC) of the ordinary jurisdiction of the Colombian criminal justice system, from 2012 to 2016. The results show an average technical inefficiency of 16, 9% for de JCs, and 17.3% for JMs. Additionally, we find a total factor productivity (TFP) decline for these courts of 24 and 44%, respectively. Although both components of the MPI registered average values lower than one, the decrease in TFP is mainly driven by the decline in the technical change component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to compute surgical total factor productivity with Malmquist index, and to evaluate the effects of states of emergency against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on its productivity change. We hypothesized that the states of emergency significantly reduced surgical total factor productivity in Japan.Methods: The authors collected data from all the surgical procedures performed in Teikyo University Hospital from April 1 through September 30 in 2019-21. Non-radial and non-oriented Malmquist model under the variable returns-to-scale assumptions was employed. The decision making unit (DMU) was defined as a surgical specialty department. Inputs were defined as (1) the number of medical doctors who assisted surgery, and (2) the duration of surgical operation from skin incision to closure. The output was defined as the surgical fee for each surgery. The study period was divided into fifty-one ten- (or eleven-) day periods. We added all the inputs and outputs of the surgical procedures for each DMU during these study periods, and computed its Malmquist index, efficiency change and technical change.Results: Seven thousand nine hundred and thirty-one surgical procedures were analyzed. The overall productivity and efficiency progressed significantly both during states of emergency and during no states of emergency. Our subgroup analysis demonstrated that there were no surgical specialties that had significantly different productivity, efficiency or technical changes between states of emergency and no states of emergency.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the surgical productivity did not suffer despite the states of emergency against the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the market allocation of data elements is the key to realize the value of data resources, which drives the high-quality development of digital economy. Based on the literature review, this study first analyses the theoretical process of market allocation of data elements, and divides the whole process into two stages: market-based construction and value-based allocation. According to the proposed theoretical model, this study designs the network DEA model with additional intermediate inputs to calculate the market allocation efficiency of data elements of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2019 to 2020. Moreover, by Malmquist index analysis, we further investigate the dynamic changes of both market allocation efficiency of data elements and total factor productivity in China. The study finds that during the period of 2019 to 2020, the market allocation efficiency of data elements in China is on an upward trend. The efficiency of value-based allocation stage reached a higher level than that of the market-based allocation stage. This finding suggests that the orderly opening of public data and the construction of data trading platform will still be the focus in improving the market allocation efficiency of data elements in the future. The results of the study further indicates that China's total factor productivity increased significantly--both the technology progress and the improvement of market allocation efficiency of data elements had a positive effect on improving total factor productivity, and the latter driving force is more critical to promoting the improvement of total factor productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak since March 2020 has put Malaysia's logistics sector in a contrasting reality to other sectors, as during the implementation of the movement control order (MCO), this sector was declared as providing essential service and allowed to operate in order to fulfil customers' needs. This study aims to assess the efficiency and productivity of the logistics industry in Malaysia before and during the pandemic so that the performance of this industry can be observed. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses secondary data. Yearly records from the annual reports for the period of 2010-2020 were gathered pertaining to 15 Malaysian logistics companies treated as decision making units (DMUs) in this study. The efficiency and productivity of the Malaysian logistics industry during the Covid-19 pandemic have been assessed by using a hybrid DEA model consisting of a combination of epsilon-based measure (EBM) and Malmquist index. Findings: Findings showed that Lingkaran Trans Kota Holdings Berhad was the most efficient and productive logistics company with an average efficiency score of 1 and 12.7% growth in the average productivity index during the study period. In contrast, MISC Berhad obtained the lowest average efficiency score of 0.285. Nevertheless, the average productivity index for MISC Berhad showed an increase by 25.7%. During the early outbreak of Covid-19, Complete Logistics Services Berhad achieved full efficiency and also attained the highest positive growth of 76.2%. Harbour-Link Group Berhad was the least efficient company, scoring an efficiency score of only 0.254 and a decline in productivity growth by 40.8%. Research limitations/implications: The data used in this study may not be sufficient to represent the performance of the entire logistics industry as the pandemic is still not completely over. More useful insights can be obtained if the data can be extended until 2022 to assess the performance of logistics companies after the outbreak of Covid-19 in Malaysia. Many resources that have not been explored in this study and past research may provide an avenue for further research on the performance measurement of logistics companies, particularly in the Malaysian context. Practical implications: This study's discovery may be used to facilitate the evaluation of resource utilisation and help inefficient logistics companies maximise their efficiency. Also, the findings may be used to help policymakers evaluate the existing policy in order to ensure that logistics companies have sufficient resources to offer reliable and efficient courier services. Originality/value: Although numerous studies have been conducted on the efficiency measurement of logistics companies, so far, scarce research in Malaysia has deployed a quantitative approach to measure the performance of Malaysia's logistics industry, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study fills this gap by assessing the efficiency and productivity of the logistics industry in Malaysia before and during the pandemic of Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the performance of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam throughout a twophase restructuring project according to Decision No. 254 / QD-TTg and No. 1058 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister. The data is mainly collected from consolidated financial statements and annual reports of 31 joint-stock commercial banks from the period of 2011-2020. The study approaches data envelopment analysis measurement -- DEA and Tobit censored regression models -to evaluate operational efficiency. The results illustrate that banks utilize their input resources effectively with an average technical efficiency index of 90.7%. Moreover, considering scale-down efficiency (DRS) is essential, leading to the need to diversify banking services (especially the non-credit segment) to disperse risks in the operation process instead of only concentrating on traditional credit activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the productivity change of a balanced panel of 1915 European banks during the 2013–2018 post-crisis period. To study productivity changes, the paper applies the non-parametric output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). The total productivity change estimated by the MPI is further decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological change. The overall MPI estimates show a modest increase in the productivity of banks in half of the EU countries. Further decomposition of the MPI indicates that the productivity growth was mainly a result of technological improvement, which was particularly high among the new EU member states, whereas there was a significant drop in technical efficiency. The productivity growth was higher among banks in the non-euro area and among savings banks. The practical implications drawn from the paper are that European banks should further develop their business models to rationalize the costs and increase their operational efficiency and stimulate the adoption of fintech solutions and technological development so as to enhance their productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verimlilik Dergisi is the property of Verimlilik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper develops a novel methodology to estimate in a dynamic setting the causal impact of a policy on efficiency. Classical efficiency techniques evaluate multidimensional performance but ignore the endogeneity issues in policy evaluations. We develop an indicator which accounts for the dynamic performance of the observations and for the possible correlation between the treatment status and the efficiency score. Besides, we propose a decomposition of the indicator to disentangle the effect of the policy on the performance of the observations from the effect of the policy on the environmental harshness that the observations have to face. This innovative design allows us to introduce the notion of causality in efficiency studies and to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the inefficiency at the unit and policy level. In the application, the present study assesses the impact on the efficiency of a funding program that aims to foster educational equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport je důležitou součástí našich životů a také velice významně přispívá k identitě a struktuře moderních měst. Pokud jde o popularitu sportu, zejména fotbalu, stal se významným moderním prvkem, kde se odehrávají specifické druhy ekonomické i sociální interakce. Cílem tohoto článku je navrhnout způsob hodnocení výkonnosti fotbalových klubů na základě metody DEA a Malmquistova indexu. Pro empirickou analýzu byly vybrány profesionální české fotbalové kluby hrající nejvyšší fotbalovou soutěž s názvem Fotuna:Liga. K analýze relativní účinnosti klubů byl použit BCC a CCR model. Studie byla provedena na vzorku 20 klubů hrajících v sezónách 2015/16 - 2019/20. Do modelů byly zahrnuty 2 vstupní proměnné a jedna výstupní proměnná. Pro vybrané kluby byly následně vypočítány hodnoty Malmquistova indexu. Pomocí Malmquistova indexu bylo následně možné kvantifikovat celkovou změnu produktivity faktorů a rozložit ji na technologickou změnu a změnu technické účinnosti. Výsledky ukazují, že české fotbalové kluby dosáhly ve sledovaném období relativně vysoké úrovně efektivity a že nejvyššího skóre efektivity dosáhly tradiční kluby. Tyto výsledky by následně mohly manažerům klubů pomoci zlepšit výkonnost jejich týmů.

Energy efficiency represents the level of energy use. By evaluating the level of Total Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE), we can more accurately analyze the ways to improve energy efficiency and provide suggestions for green energy conservation construction. From the perspective of TFEE, this paper takes capital stock, working population and total energy consumption as input indicators, GDP as expected output, and industrial sulfur dioxide, soot, wastewater discharge and PM2.5 as non-expected output. Select the panel data of 23 cities from 2012 to 2018, calculate the TFEE of each city by using DEA-SBM (Slack-Based Measurement) model and Malmquist index method, and decompose the total factor productivity into comprehensive technical efficiency change and technical progress. The results show that the change trend of TFEE in each region varies greatly during the sample period. The overall TFEE of Harbin and Shanghai shows a continuous upward trend. TFEE in Chengdu and Chongqing has little change and is basically in a state of continuous fluctuation. TFEE of Changsha is the first of the 23 cities studied in this paper, and the resource allocation in this area is more reasonable. TFEE of Shenzhen area has a trend of coming from behind, and the development of this area has made great progress. The lower ranking is Guizhou and Xiamen these two regions. The overall efficiency of the 23 cities selected in this paper shows a downward trend in the survey year, with an average decrease of about 11.2%. From the perspective of sub indicators, the main reason for the decline of TFP is the lack of technological innovation. The decline rate reached 12% in the investigation year, while other indicators basically showed a stable fluctuation state, generally around 1. In general, the development state of TFEE in most regions of China is poor and the absolute value level is too low, which indicates that there is a large space for improvement in resource allocation in each region.

The objective of this research is to calculate the level of efficiency and productivity of the main seaports in North America in 2010-2018. The methodology used in the first stage is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in which the technical efficiency is calculated, later in a second stage the change in productivity is obtained by instrumenting the Malmquist Index, which is disaggregated into two factors: "change technical" (Frontier-Shift) and the "efficiency change" (Catch-Up). The results show that on average it was the port of Los Angeles that had the highest growth in productivity, however, the values obtained in general indicate the lack of port policies for the terminals to better optimize their resources and encourage port development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the main economic sectors in Türkiye. Therefore, a performance evaluation is essential for an improvement in agricultural sector. In this study, the productivity of Turkish agricultural sector was analyzed for the years between 2006-2015. A non-parametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based Malmquist index method, was applied to calculate the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) indices for agriculture in 26 NUTS2 (The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions of Türkiye for the selected 10-year period. Total agricultural production value is used as the output variable and six input variables are selected as: land, labor, machine, livestock and government investment. The analysis was conducted via the computer program DEAP2.1. The result reveals that agricultural TFP of regions has decreased by 2% annually on average. The maximum TFP growth in agriculture occurred between 2007 and 2008 with a mean increase of 12% in overall TFP of regions. On the other hand, the greatest regression in the overall TFP was observed in 2010-2011 period by a decrease of 13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 评价国内养老机构服务供给效率, 了解国内养老机构服务供给现状。方法 应用数据包络分析法对2016—2020年的国内养老机构相关数据进行分析, 评估国内养老机构服务供给效率。结果 2016年国内养老机构服务供给的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0.872、0.891和0.976, 2020年分别为0.940、0.959和0.980。2016—2020年全要素生产率指数均值为0.988, 综合技术效率上升2.2%, 纯技术效率上升2.0%, 技术进步均值下降3.3%。结论 养老机构的整体管理和技术水平是影响服务供给综合技术效率的主要因素。服务供给效率省际发展不均衡, 区域间服务供给效率差距有所减小。技术进步是影响养老机构服务供给效率的主要因素。建议提高对养老机构管理水平的重视程度, 合理配置养老机构资源, 通过加强技术研发、加强养老人才队伍建设等方式提高国内养老机构服务供给效率。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the efficiency of the input and output of R&D activity and the status of its development and management in universities in each region of China and proposes suggestions for improvement. The DEA–Malmquist model was used to analyze the static and dynamic science and technology statistics for universities in each region during 2006–2019 to reveal changes in the input and output of R&D activity. The overall efficiency of the R&D activity of universities in all regions of China was low. Among the 27 regions studied, DEA revealed effective efficiency in 20 regions in 2006, accounting for 74.07%, and in 19 regions in 2019, accounting for 70.37%. The Malmquist index was greater than 1 in 17 regions in 2006–2019, with an average value of 1.023 during 2006–2019. The technological progress of R&D activity in universities in each region plays a major role in the improvement of the overall efficiency. Conclusions: The efficiency of the R&D activity of Chinese universities in all regions is low in general, with large disparities between regions. The R&D activity of Chinese universities lacks scientific management. It is necessary to optimize the allocation of research resources, construct an evaluation system for the efficiency of R&D activity, and offer incentives for research to improve the output and promote the transformation of results in Chinese universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively alleviate the Contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and realize sustainable economic development, it is urgent to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. Based on the inter-provincial panel data of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2019, this paper adopted DEA model to calculate the water use efficiency of each province and region, and used Malmquist index to reveal the contribution source of dynamic change of water use efficiency. The results show that: a) the overall water use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is at a high level, and the utilization efficiency presents a trend of first decreasing and then increasing and the efficiency level of most provinces has a slight decline; b) from the perspective of regional differences, the water use efficiency is higher in the lower reaches and lower in the middle and upper reaches, with a spatial pattern of higher in the east and lower in the west' and significant differences among provinces;《) from the perspective of Driving factors, the technological progress rate is the main contribution source of the overall water use efficiency and the decline of technical efficiency is mainly due to the drop of scale efficiency in various regions. Based on 1his, the paper put forward some suggestions, such as coordinating regional cooperation within, flyer basin, promoting the integrated management of regional water resources utilization among basin as a unit and simultaneously enhancing the positive effect of technological progress and technological efficiency on the improvement of water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of urbanization in China in recent years has resulted in the production of large amounts of construction waste, which has placed certain constraints on the sustainable development of the construction industry. This study measures the environmental efficiency of construction waste generated in China from static and dynamic perspectives using the data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index with data from 30 Chinese provinces during the period from 2011 to 2020. The results showed that, from a static perspective, the environmental efficiency of China's construction waste generation has been on a generally declining trend year by year, and the overall level is still not too high. At the regional level, there is a stepwise decline in the eastern, central, northeastern, and western regions. From a dynamic point of view, the overall Malmquist index in China has an average value of 1.016, indicating that the level of environmental efficiency of construction waste generation in China is in a state of improvement. From a regional perspective, the Malmquist index is highest in the east, indicating that the level of environmental efficiency of construction waste generation in the eastern region is developing well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in R & D in the agricultural sector is one of the means to propel the growth of the sector, but failure to ensure the efficient use of resources allocated to agricultural R & D would lead to wastage and underproduction. Based on this, the paper seeks to look at the efficiency of investment in agricultural R& D in relation to the food production index in the West Africa sub-region. To achieve this objective, the number of full-time researchers and spending in terms of percentage of the share of agriculture to GDP were treated as inputs and the food production index as an output (agriculture output). The study used panel data from 2009 to 2014. The Malmquist index approach was adopted to measure the efficiency of food production in selected West African countries. The mean Malmquist index of 0.991, 1.032, 0.976, 0.995, 1.051, 0.908, 0.966, and 0.961 for Ghana, Benin, Burkina-Faso, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo, respectively, were recorded. Benin and Niger experienced growth in food production within the period. The remaining countries, however, did not experience growth in food production as their respective means were less than 1 (Mi <1), which was an indication of inefficiencies in the application of investments committed to agricultural R & D. To help identify the role played by various components, technical efficiency change and technological progress change for the respective countries were also calculated. The results of the study show the need to go beyond mere allocation of resources to the agricultural sector and push towards efficient use of resources. The allocation of resources without measures to ensure their proper use would not yield the desired outcome. Various countries exhibited some levels of inefficiency across the dimensions assessed. This, therefore, calls for close attention to the use of agricultural resources. There is a need to ensure efficient use of resources committed to agricultural research and development across respective countries. Measures should be put in place to reduce wastage and redundancy in the allocation of resources for agricultural research and development, to improve efficiency and productivity in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the three⁃stage SBM model and the Malmquist index method，the article conducted static and dynamic evaluation of the allocation efficiency of medical and health resources in 31 provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan regions) in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that after eliminating environmental factors and random errors，the average comprehensive efficiency of health resource allocation in China from 2015 to 2020 was 0.720，and the average total factor productivity was 0.937. Among them，the technological progress index decreased by 5.4%，the pure technical efficiency change index decreased by 0.7%，and the scale efficiency change index decreased by 0.3%. From 2015 to 2020，the overall efficiency of health resource allocation in China is low and on a downward trend，with obvious constraints on technological progress. There are large differences in the allocation efficiency between regions and provinces； regional gross domestic product，resident population and urbanization levels have a significant impact on allocation efficiency. It is suggested to improve efficiency based on appropriate development scale and driven by technological progress；focusing on regional coordination，enhancing the balance，fairness and accuracy of health resource input；and using the improvement of the external environment as a breakthrough，to improve the health service system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization in China has faced severe problems such as resource depletion and environmental degradation. The Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) strategy is one of the essential strategies for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy. Maximizing economic benefits while using the least resources and the least pollution to the environment is critical for China's sustainable development strategy. This paper proposed the DEA to measure industrial eco-efficiency in the YREB from 2009 to 2018. It analyzed its temporal evolution and spatial differentiation and adopted a spatial econometric model to study how interference in influencing factors affects industrial eco-efficiency. The results revealed that (1) the eastern area of YREB has the highest industrial eco-efficiency compared with the other regions. (2) The industrial total factor productivity in the YREB has been rising over the years, and its change trend shows an inverted "W" pattern of first rising, then falling, then rising, then falling. (3) By further analysis, we observed a statistically significant spatial difference in the Industrial eco-efficiency among the areas in YREB, which suggests that the change scale presents the rule of "downstream bigger than Midstream region and midstream region bigger than "upstream region." (4) The level of economic development, science and technology innovation, and human resources have significantly positive effects on industrial eco-efficiency, and the effect of economic development is of most significant importance. The industrial agglomeration demoted the efficiency of industrial ecology; Science and technology innovations, on the other hand, had a positive spillover effect, while the industrial concentration had a negative spillover effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the achievement degree of an organization to its goals, its productivity must be measured. Since an organization is composed of different groups, the productivity of its groups should be examined. This paper aims to introduce a suitable index to evaluate group cost productivity changes and identify factors affecting it. To explain the applicability of the proposed index, a study on the productivity evaluation of a bank's branches in different regions is presented. Methods: A suitable distance function is created to measure the cost efficiency of a group, and based on that, the group cost Malmquist index is introduced. Then, the influencing factors on the productivity growth of the groups are examined by focusing on intra-group and extra-group sections. Results: An indicator was presented to evaluate the cost productivity changes of a group of decision-making units and the factors that affect the cost productivity changes of the groups were identified. The proposed group Malmquist index breaks down into four components: Pure efficiency changes, scale efficiency changes, allocative efficiency changes, and cost technological changes. The pure efficiency change measures the optimal use of inputs to produce output indicators. The scale efficiency changes reflect the effect of changes in the size of branches of a region on its productivity growth. The allocative efficiency changes indicate the achieved changes in the optimal combinations of inputs considering the prices of each period. The cost technological changes component reflects changes in cost technology frontiers during two periods. All of these components were examined from two perspectives: intra-group and extra-group. In the intra-group perspective, the internal group frontier is considered, and in the extra-group perspective, the common frontier of all groups is focused. To explain the applicability of the proposed index and calculate the impact of its components on productivity growth, a real case study was presented. This case study evaluated the cost productivity changes of a bank's branches in eight different regions. The results showed that three regions have cost productivity growth. One area has almost no changes in cost productivity, and the other regions have productivity regressions. The results of measuring the group cost Malmquist productivity index on bank data provide meaningful and useful information about bank productivity changes in different areas. Conclusion: Most organizations consist of different groups and departments. Sometimes, it is necessary to examine a group of decision-making units instead of evaluating the performance of several decision-making units to analyze the role of environmental conditions on the performance assessment of the decision-making units. The results are shown that the proposed group cost Malmquist productivity index provides a suitable tool for evaluating the cost productivity changes of groups. Also, it prepares a clear perspective for managers of organizations for future policies by identifying the intragroup and extra-group factors affecting group cost productivity changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Productivity has an important and effective role in the growth of production and increasing the competitiveness of countries. In this study, using the Malmquist productivity index, the total productivity growth trend of production factors in three important sectors of the Iranian economy (agriculture, industry and services) during the years 2012-2017 have been discussed. The results showed that during the study period total factors productivity changes in all economic sectors except the industrial sector are due to technological changes, and in the industrial sector, both technical efficiency and technological changes have affected the productivity of this sector. Therefore, the growth of total factor productivity in the agricultural sector has had a negative trend with a decrease of 1.5% and in industry and services has had a positive trend with 7% and 11.3%, respectively.

Developing countries are encouraged to pursue environmental protection and industrial development simultaneously, although it is a big challenge to reach win-win situation. This study explored the relationship between environmental regulations and the industry enhancement in developing countries through conducting an empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulations on Chinese automobile industry. In the empirical analysis, a total of 64 Chinese automobile enterprises were investigated, the Malmquist index of total factor productivity was adopted to determine the productivity of Chinese automobiles, and the two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimation was used for the regression analysis. The results showed that environmental regulations negatively affected the productivity and technology of Chinese automobile industry during 2004–2018. The production cost of automobile industry in China was rising sharply, and the productivity and technological progress of Chinese automobile industry were impeded significantly. The case of Chinese automobile industry illustrated that strict environmental requirements can negatively impact industry productivity by increasing production costs and squeezing industry profits.

International trade and agricultural development play important roles in carbon neutrality. This study uses the Malmquist index to quantify agricultural carbon emission performance and the panel data regression model to analyze the relationship between international trade and agricultural carbon emission performance. Data from 2005 to 2020 were used. The results show that the agricultural carbon emission of China has increased slowly since 2005. There is still an improvement space for low-carbon agricultural productivity. As for the relationship between agricultural international trade and carbon emission performance, the coefficient of the total trade in agricultural products is 0.0444. Suggestions on agricultural international trade and the development of low-carbon agricultural production are put forward, which will provide technical support for carbon neutrality.

In recent years, the aviation industry in the Asia-Pacific region has experienced rapid growth. Despite facing thin and volatile profit margins, the region’s airlines continue to expand their capacity by using high financial leverage, raising concerns of whether they are utilizing such financial leverage effectively and how it affects their stock performance. Using the global Malmquist productivity index and the conditional value-at-risk measure, this study investigates the financial performance of 22 Asia-Pacific-based airlines during 2016–2019. The empirical results reveal that only three full-service airlines were able to maintain continued improvement in financial efficiency during the sample period. The excessive use of financial leverage among low-cost carriers is documented. To assess the sources of financial inefficiency, this study decomposed the global Malmquist productivity index into two components: efficiency change and technical change. The results show that while there was a trend toward efficiency catch-up among the carriers, the number of airlines that demonstrated sufficient technical change declined significantly, indicating the need to implement technological innovation to deliver better financial outcomes. Regarding the airline’s stock return performance, airlines that achieved continuously superior performance in deploying financial resources also saw the lowest downside risk in their stock returns, reinforcing the importance of devoting more attention to indebtedness and the effectiveness with which financial resources are used. The findings of this study offer suggestions to airlines in managing their capital structure and enhancing their financial stability.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in December 2019, caused an increase in the demand for healthcare services globally. Hospitals' operational and financial performances are thought to have been negatively affected by COVID-19 because they had to postpone providing non-urgent healthcare services to prevent infection. This study aimed to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the efficiency of training and research hospitals in Turkey. The study population comprised 51 training and research hospitals. The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity index was used to examine the changes in the efficiency of the training and research hospitals between 2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2019–2020, and 2020–2021. In addition, a repeated-measures ANOVA test was used to evaluate whether a significant difference existed in the efficiency levels of the hospitals in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) and during them (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). No significant difference was found between hospitals' technical and scale efficiency levels before and during the pandemic, but the change in total factor productivity was significant (F = 34.18; p < 0.001). Our research findings provide clues about how hospitals' behaviours changed during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. It was observed that efficiency decreases in hospitals at the onset of the pandemic disappeared with the adaptation process to the new normal. Technical efficiency decreased in two periods (2017–2018 and 2020–2021) when total factor productivity increased. Reverse changes in total factor productivity and technical efficiency indicate that technological change drives total factor productivity. This study identified differences in hospital efficiency during both ordinary and extraordinary periods. It would benefit managers and policymakers to recognise these differences and focus on managerial skills that ensure technical efficiency in extraordinary circumstances to mitigate possible efficiency losses. • The change in total factor productivity (TFP) was significant during the pandemic. • Average change in the TFP in the 2020–2021 period increased compared to 2019–2020. • In the 2020–2021 period, the changes in TFP and technical efficiency are opposite in direction. • The reverse changes in TFP and technical efficiency indicate that technological change drives total factor productivity. • The efficiency decreases in hospitals with the onset of the pandemic disappeared as institutions adapted to the new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public transport system is responsible for the displacement of a large part of the population, particularly in developing countries. This fact makes it relevant to evaluate the performance of public transport to provide an efficient and effective service. The purpose of this study is to conduct a performance evaluation of the public transport operation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (MRF), in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The analysis is based on DEA and the Malmquist index, based on three inputs (total operating time, fleet age, and the mileage traveled) and two outputs (fare revenue and number of passengers). Data were obtained through automated fare collection systems (AFCs) that were implemented in the MRF. Although there were no major fluctuations in performance during the analyzed period, the results indicate that the system’s performance declined in certain years. In addition, the analysis enables a better understanding of route performance, considering the operating company or the area of operation, which helps to diagnose and comprehend the operation more effectively. By analyzing the operational performance over time, the proposed approach provides an additional contribution by offering a comprehensive overview to the involved stakeholders, fostering decision-making processes based on evidence.

Ensuring sustainable levels of rice yield has become a significant concern in recent years. To improve yields in rice production, it is essential to increase factor inputs and productivity. However, current research primarily focuses on general grain productivity, rather than rice. In this study, utilize the DEA-Malmquist index to present a comprehensive temporal and spatial analysis of rice productivity and its determinants in China. Our findings reveal that the overall efficiency of rice production in China exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, with technological progress being the primary driver of improvement in production efficiency. Moreover, rice production efficiency demonstrates a distribution pattern that decreases from east to west, with resource endowment, production conditions, socioeconomic development levels, and the political system being crucial factors influencing efficiency. This study proposes novel ideas for structural adjustments and regional divisions within China’s rice industry and provides a theoretical foundation for governments to develop evidence-based policies.

As the major energy consumers, energy-intensive industries are the key players in achieving carbon emission reduction targets. The paper builds a super slack-based model (SBM) considering this undesirable output and calculates the carbon emission efficiency. Then, the meta-frontier Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index (MF-MLPI) is constructed to dynamically analyze the growth rate changes of the carbon emission efficiency and the regional differences in energy-intensive industries. Furthermore, the carbon emission reduction potential of the energy-intensive industries in various economic regions of China is discussed, and the conclusions are as follows: there is a big difference in the carbon emission technology gap ratios (TGRs) of the energy-intensive industries in different economic regions; the growth rate of the carbon emission efficiency of energy-intensive industries shows a trend of first declining and then slowly recovering, while the carbon reduction potential generally shows a trend of decreasing and then rising; and the carbon emission reduction potential in the eastern region keeps decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the performance of the electricity company of Mauritius, the Central Electricity Board (CEB). We undertake a comparative analysis with other island companies in similar environmental conditions. We mainly rely on data available on annual reports for the CEB and four other companies operating in islands: EAC (Cyprus), CEM (Macao), EEM (Madeira), and MEA (Isle of Man). The period under study covers the years 2000-2010 and uses the Malmquist Index and Data Envelopment Analysis. For the CEB, results show that productivity change is driven mainly by technical change. CEB operational costs grew during the study period due to the increasing price of fossil fuel used in the generation of electricity. Companies less dependent on thermal production were less exposed to increasing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article measured and analyzed the static and dynamic efficiency values of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2020 using the three ⁃ stage DEA model and Malmquist index，respectively. The study showed that，the overall efficiency of health care expenditure in Anhui Province was low regardless the influence of environmental factors and random disturbance terms. External environmental factors significantly affected the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province，with population density and urbanization rate showing positive effects，while GDP per capita，medical and health expenditure ratio and fiscal decentralization having negative effects. After excluding the influence of external environmental and random noise factors，the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province has improved significantly，while the increase of pure technical efficiency was the key factor to the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency. The results of Malmquist index showed that there was a scaled economic effect on medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province，which was mainly constrained by technological progress. The efficiency of medical and health expenditure in the province was generally decreasing during the 13th Five⁃Year Plan period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DEA-BCC model. And the Malmquist index have been used, from static and dynamic perspectives, to measure the eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. The results shows that: the average static eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China is 0.643. Differences exists all over China. While Shanghai and Beijing are ecologically efficient, other 28 cities and provinces are faced with different extents of inefficiency. There are also differences among regions, which generally show the spatial distribution pattern with high efficiency in the eastern regions while low in the western regions. The Malmquist index of eco-efficiency in total 30 cities and provinces shows a healthy growth trend, and the technological progress. Acts as its main driving force. Therefore, eastern regions should enhance the. radiation capacity, strengthen the synergy among regions, give full play to. The advantages of each regions. It is sensible to improve the eco-efficiency by means of optimizing the industrial structure, enhancing the technological level and improving eco-efficiency of China and realizing green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to measure implementation management efficiency of Chinese green buildings, the input–output index system of Chinese green buildings was constructed base on provincial-level panel data during 2017–2021.The basic model Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-Malmquist index method were adopted to measure and analyze the development law and time–region evolution tendency of implementation efficiency of Chinese green buildings from the static and dynamic perspectives, contributing to clarifying critical factors of restricting green building development, respectively. It was found that the comprehensive implementation management efficiency of Chinese green buildings was lower, but the development tendency was good. There was a remarkable regional and provincial difference, showing the development pattern of "east > middle > west" as a whole. Pure technical efficiency did not have a big gap, but most areas kept an invalid scale state, resulting in fluctuations of regional efficiency in varying degrees. The average annual increase of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was 14.80%, indicating that TFP was developed well. Technical progress was considered as a decisive factor to restrain increase or decrease of TFP. As a result, to improve implementation efficiency of Chinese green buildings, it is necessary to focus on destroying the regional limitations, optimizing the input scale moderately, and paying attention to technical progress and innovation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As an economic corridor, the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) connects the East to Western nations, where carbon emissions are gradually becoming severe. This study aims to provide solutions for dealing with carbon emissions from the transportation of the SREB in the Chinese range. By employing the Malmquist index method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), this study develops models to test the different carbon-reduction performances (CRP) of transportation in the Chinese provinces along the SREB. This study shows that carbon-reduction performance has improved since 2013 because of the improvements in transportation technology. Technical efficiency, including scale efficiency and pure technological efficiency, may improve carbon reduction, while the lagged technological progress restricts the CRP. It is further suggested that the provincial CRPs are different. The southwest provinces have the best decarbonization performance, followed by the northwest, while the northeast provinces, including Inner Mongolia, underperform compared to the others. Therefore, the government should release some technology-orientated policies as soon as possible to facilitate the improvements in technical efficiency and progress in transportation vehicles and infrastructures in order to consequently reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important energy base in China, Shanxi Province, in its economic development, has depended heavily on coal resources. However, enormous coal consumption produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and an aggravated ecological problem. In this paper, the super efficiency slack-based measure and data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model and Malmquist index were used to calculate the energy consumption and carbon emission efficiency of 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi in the period from 2000 to 2020. The results were as follows: (1) The primary form of energy consumption in Shanxi Province is the burning of coal, and the carbon emission efficiencies of the 11 prefecture-level cities are quite different. The technical efficiency, technological progress, and total factor productivity of Taiyuan and Shuozhou were found to be greater than 1 compared to other cities in Shanxi. (2) On the whole, although the carbon emission rate of Shanxi Province has slowed down, it still faces the problems of a large total emission base, high carbon emission intensity, and low efficiency of the unit carbon emission output. Industrial structure is the key factor restricting improvements in the efficiency of carbon emissions in Shanxi Province. (3) From the spatial and temporal evolution of the carbon emission efficiency in Shanxi Province, we can see that the carbon emission efficiency of the whole province gradually dispersed and improved from the central and northern regions to the southern regions during the period of 2000–2020. In order to achieve a low-carbon economy, Shanxi Province must optimize its industrial structure, accelerate research and development in low-carbon technologies, adjust the energy structure, and promote the construction of an energy supply system with clean low-carbon energy as the main source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Verimlilik Dergisi is the property of Verimlilik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Education is a fundamental factor to enhance a country's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness. Recently, several governments have been attracting investments in educational sectors in contemplation of meliorating a country's overall strength. This study empirically assesses and compares the educational efficiency of 29 major countries across the world using panel data for 2010–2016 by employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the super-slacks-based measure (super-SBM) model at the static level combined with the Malmquist index (MI) to investigate educational efficiency at the dynamic level. The results indicate, inter alia, huge average education efficiency differences existed among the studied countries, the highest being Japan (3.2845) and lowest Norway (0.4137), there are differences in the bias of technological progress among the studied countries during the sample period and technological progress directly affects the sustainability of educational efficiency, the growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP) index has been reduced in 2010–2013 but increased in 2014–2016 and technological progress has been the dominant factor influencing the rise of the education TFP index. Based on the results, this study identifies the merits and drawbacks of education efficiency across the sample countries and presents relevant recommendations to promote investment in the education sector and human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of the aquaculture sector has motivated numerous empirical studies investigating farm productivity and technical performance over time. However, empirical works focusing on low-value species in developing countries are scarcer due to the lack of data. This paper investigates the sources of productivity changes over time using a meta-frontier Malmquist productivity index. The dataset contains 2,100 observations in an unbalanced panel data set for pangas and tilapia in Bangladesh. The results indicate that the overall productivity index and its components increase over time but at a decreasing rate. The technology change effect has the largest impact, followed by technical efficiency change. The scale effects are less than one, indicating that farms are scale inefficient. Nevertheless, the convergence toward the technology frontier seems to level off due to a declining ability to minimize the efficiency change and technological change gaps over time. The results also show a larger disparity among the farms in recent years, lowering the mean technical efficiency, with a few farms driving the frontier outward and the average farms lagging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the number of studies on the efficiency of container ports, most studies are of developed nations, and very few are of developing nations, such as India. Indian container ports are very critical due to their location advantage and their ability to handle transhipment traffic. There is a need to understand their performance at the micro-level, specifically the terminal level rather than that of the whole port. This paper focuses on the analysis of the technical efficiency of 26 container terminals in India using a data envelopment analysis approach for the years 2015–2018 and interprets it with respect to location advantage, administrative control and private control of terminal operations. The research explores the Malmquist index which measures productivity changes over a period of time and deconstructs them into two components, namely efficiency change, referred to as catch-up, and frontier shift. This study enabled the ranking of these terminals in terms of their performances. The relative efficiency of container terminals on the west coast of India is found to be better than that of the east coast of India, and the efficiency of container terminals operating under major ports is on a declining path when compared with that of minor ports. The private participation has also not seen similar productivity changes across all container terminals. Among the seven high performing container terminals identified through the analysis provided, the terminal at Tuticorin emerged as the most consistent one in terms of relative efficiency and growth in total factor productivity. The dominant factor influencing the efficiency of a terminal is found to be the size of the terminal, offering the advantages of economies of scale.