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171. Systematic review of empiric studies on lockdowns, workplace closures, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions in non-healthcare workplaces during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits and selected unintended consequences

Author

Faruque Ahmed, Livvy Shafer, Pallavi Malla, Roderick Hopkins, Sarah Moreland, Nicole Zviedrite, and Amra Uzicanin

Subjects
Anxiety, Community mitigation, COVID-19, Depression, Employment, Lockdown, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background We conducted a systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions within non-healthcare workplaces and community-level workplace closures and lockdowns on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, selected mental disorders, and employment outcomes in workers or the general population. Methods The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions. The exclusion criteria included modeling studies. Electronic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases from January 1, 2020, through May 11, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis and sign tests were performed. Results A total of 60 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 40 studies on COVID-19 outcomes, 15 on anxiety and depression symptoms, and five on unemployment and labor force participation. There was a paucity of studies on physical distancing, physical barriers, and symptom and temperature screening within workplaces. The sign test indicated that lockdown reduced COVID-19 incidence or case growth rate (23 studies, p

Published
2024
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172. Mapping the functional impact of non-coding regulatory elements in primary T cells through single-cell CRISPR screens

Author

Celia Alda-Catalinas, Ximena Ibarra-Soria, Christina Flouri, Jorge Esparza Gordillo, Diana Cousminer, Anna Hutchinson, Bin Sun, William Pembroke, Sebastian Ullrich, Adam Krejci, Adrian Cortes, Alison Acevedo, Sunir Malla, Carl Fishwick, Gerard Drewes, and Radu Rapiteanu

Subjects
Enhancer, Regulatory element, GWAS, Variant to function, crisprQTL, CRISPR, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Drug targets with genetic evidence are expected to increase clinical success by at least twofold. Yet, translating disease-associated genetic variants into functional knowledge remains a fundamental challenge of drug discovery. A key issue is that the vast majority of complex disease associations cannot be cleanly mapped to a gene. Immune disease-associated variants are enriched within regulatory elements found in T-cell-specific open chromatin regions. Results To identify genes and molecular programs modulated by these regulatory elements, we develop a CRISPRi-based single-cell functional screening approach in primary human T cells. Our pipeline enables the interrogation of transcriptomic changes induced by the perturbation of regulatory elements at scale. We first optimize an efficient CRISPRi protocol in primary CD4+ T cells via CROPseq vectors. Subsequently, we perform a screen targeting 45 non-coding regulatory elements and 35 transcription start sites and profile approximately 250,000 T -cell single-cell transcriptomes. We develop a bespoke analytical pipeline for element-to-gene (E2G) mapping and demonstrate that our method can identify both previously annotated and novel E2G links. Lastly, we integrate genetic association data for immune-related traits and demonstrate how our platform can aid in the identification of effector genes for GWAS loci. Conclusions We describe “primary T cell crisprQTL” — a scalable, single-cell functional genomics approach for mapping regulatory elements to genes in primary human T cells. We show how this framework can facilitate the interrogation of immune disease GWAS hits and propose that the combination of experimental and QTL-based techniques is likely to address the variant-to-function problem.

Published
2024
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173. Nanoscopic oxygen control of functional oxide nanoparticles by electro-chemical route at ambient temperature

Author

Putul Malla Chowdhury and A. K. Raychaudhuri

Subjects
Perovskite nanoparticle, Electrochemical oxidation, Oxygen stoichiometry, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Abstract La0.67Ca0.33MnOδ nanoparticles of approximate size ∼ 4 nm have been prepared by the chemical solution deposition method to investigate effect of oxygen stoichiometry in the nanoparticles without changing their sizes. Electrochemical oxidation method has been used to change the oxygen stoichiometry $$\delta$$ δ at room temperature, which unlike conventional methods to change oxygen stoichiometry by heating in controlled ambience, does not lead to any significant change in size. This has allowed us to investigate the effects of stoichiometry variations in the nanoparticles with no change in size. The unit cell volume, lattice constants and orthorhombic strains of the as prepared sample (with $$\delta$$ δ = 2.74) are changed by incorporation of oxygen by electrochemical oxidation which in turns affects the magnetic properties. In addition, oxidation leads to change in oxygen stoichiometry of the magnetically “dead” surface layer on the nanoparticles which also affects their magnetization and coercive field.

Published
2024
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175. Presentation, treatment profiles, and outcome of snake bite patients presented in emergency department at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal

Author

Pramendra Prasad Gupta, Rabin Bhandari, Rupak Bhandari, Deependra P Sarraf, and Gyanendra Malla

Subjects
antisnake venom, emergency, neglected disease, snakebite, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Snake bite is one of the most common animal bites in Nepal. Different species of snake cause different clinical presentations. The incidence of snakebite is very high in rural Nepal. The objectives were to assess the presenting pattern, demographic profile, outcome, and treatment profiles of snakebite victims admitted to the emergency ward. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients who presented in emergency department with alleged history of snake bites from 2015 to 2016. The patient's record files were reviewed and the relevant data were recorded on a self-designed proforma. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 11.5. Results: Out of 137 snakebite victims, 73 (53.3%) were female. The mean age was 35.17 ± 18.27 years. The upper limb (59%) was the most common site for snake bites followed by the lower limb (35.1%). Fifty patients (36.2%) were bitten by snakes during night (20.00–2.59 AM). Twenty-eight (20.4%) patients presented with ptosis as the most common sign and symptom followed by diplopia (15.3%). Out of 137 patients, 39 (28.5%) were admitted, 65 (47.4%) discharged, and 12 (8.8%) patients expired. Antisnake venom was given to 30 patients among which 23 patients (76.7%) were improved. Conclusions: Snake bite is one of the major problems in rural Nepal. It can be easily managed if treatment is given properly and in a timely manner. The importance of effective first aid management and effective treatment have to be disseminated among the peoples in rural areas via social media and radio.

Published
2024
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176. Simultaneous determination of meloxicam and bupivacaine via a novel modified dual wavelength method and an advanced chemometric approach

Author

Samah F. El-Malla, Aliaa A. Hamza, and Samar H. Elagamy

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract This study presents two spectrophotometric methods; a novel dual wavelength—derivative spectrophotometry and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for the simultaneous determination of a fixed dose combination of bupivacaine (BUP) and meloxicam (MEL) in a ratio of 30:1. The extended UV spectrum of MEL enables its direct determination at λmax 360 nm with no interference from BUP. The determination of BUP was unfeasible directly because the UV spectra of both drugs are moderately overlapped over the wavelength range of 250–450 nm, thus new chemometric based spectrophotometric methods should be developed for its determination. Dual wavelength-derivative method was employed based on using first derivative spectra. The selected dual wavelengths for determination BUP were 274.6 nm and 374.6 nm where the dA/dλ amplitudes differences for MET are equal to zero. MCR-ALS is advanced chemometric tool that enables analysis of multicomponent samples in complex matrices with high resolution based on the decomposition of signal/spectral data into the pure spectra and corresponding concentration profile. The figures of merits for MCR model show that there is a good agreement between the actual and predicted concentrations for MEL and BUP. The methods were validated and statistically compared with a reported HPLC method.

Published
2024
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177. Nonadiabatic dissociation of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: competition between chemical reactions

Author

Malla, Rajesh K.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We provide a framework to solve generic models describing the dissociation of multiple molecular Bose-Einstein condensates in a nonadiabatic regime. The competition between individual chemical reactions can lead to non-trivial dependence on critical components such as path interference and symmetries, thus, affecting the final distribution of atomic population. We find an analytical solution for an illustrative example model involving four atomic modes. When the system parameters satisfy $CPT$ symmetry, where $C$ is charge conjugation, $P$ is parity, and $T$ is time-reversal symmetry, our solution predicts a population imbalance between atomic modes that is exponentially sensitive to system parameters. However, a weakly broken symmetry alters the population in each atomic mode and can reverse the population imbalance. Our solution also demonstrates a strong quantum correlation between atomic modes that leads to the spontaneous production of atoms in a multi-mode squeezed state. Moreover, in our framework, a time-dependent non-Hermitian quantum mechanics naturally manifests which can alternatively be realized experimentally in photonic systems., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022
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183. Yield of video electro encephalography for phase 1 pre-surgical evaluation of drug resistant epilepsy in 1200 adults: retrospective study from a tertiary center situated in a lower-middle-income country

Author

Shrivastava, Mayank, Asranna, Ajay, Kenchiah, Raghavendra, Mundlamuri, Ravindranath, Viswanathan, Lakshminarayanapuram G., Kulanthaivelu, Karthik, Bharath, Rose Dawn, Saini, Jitender, Sadashiva, Nishanth, Arimappamagan, Arivazhagan, Mahadevan, Anita, Rajeswaran, Jamuna, Malla, Bhaskara Rao, and Sinha, Sanjib

Published
2023
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184. Feedback-based quantum algorithm inspired by counterdiabatic driving

Author

Rajesh K. Malla, Hiroki Sukeno, Hongye Yu, Tzu-Chieh Wei, Andreas Weichselbaum, and Robert M. Konik

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In recent quantum algorithmic developments, a feedback-based approach has shown promise for preparing quantum many-body system ground states and solving combinatorial optimization problems. This method utilizes quantum Lyapunov control to iteratively construct quantum circuits. Here, we propose a substantial enhancement by implementing a protocol that uses ideas from quantum Lyapunov control and the counterdiabatic driving protocol, a key concept from quantum adiabaticity. Our approach introduces an additional control field inspired by counterdiabatic driving. We apply our algorithm to prepare ground states in one-dimensional quantum Ising spin chains. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate a remarkable acceleration in population transfer to low-energy states within a significantly reduced time frame compared to conventional feedback-based quantum algorithms. This acceleration translates to a reduced quantum circuit depth, a critical metric for potential quantum computer implementation. We validate our algorithm on the IBM cloud computer, highlighting its efficacy in expediting quantum computations for many-body systems and combinatorial optimization problems.

Published
2024
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188. Coherent reaction between molecular and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates: integrable model

Author

Malla, Rajesh K., Chernyak, Vladimir Y., Sun, Chen, and Sinitsyn, Nikolai A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We solve a model that describes a stimulated conversion between ultracold bosonic atoms and molecules. The reaction is triggered by a linearly time-dependent transition throughout the Feshbach resonance. Our solution predicts a nonexponential dependence, with a dynamic phase transition, of the reaction efficiency on the transition rate. We find that the emerging phase can have a thermalized energy distribution with the temperature defined by the rate of the transition. This phase, however, has strong purely quantum correlations., Comment: 5 pages, 2 Figures

Published
2021
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189. Qualitative Analysis of 400 Life Stories from Children and Young People Working in the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Nepal

Author

Bhattarai (B.C.), Kriti, primary, Burns, Danny, additional, Cannon, Mariah, additional, Hacker, Elizabeth, additional, Sharma, Ranjama, additional, Bhujel, Samjhana, additional, Dawadi, Sushmita, additional, Deshar, Lazana, additional, Dhakal, Utram, additional, Ghimire, Raju, additional, Karki, Shanta, additional, K.C., Anita, additional, Lamsal, Pragya, additional, Luitel, Barsha, additional, Malla, Sudhir, additional, Mishra, Nitish, additional, Thapa, Krishna, additional, Timilsina, Amit, additional, Rai, Arun, additional, Rayamajhi, Durlav, additional, Shakya, Angeliya, additional, Sharma, Kushum, additional, Sherpa, Pema, additional, and Shrestha, Kapil, additional

Published
2024
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191. Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes including participant-reported long COVID: amubarvimab/romlusevimab versus placebo in the ACTIV-2 trial

Author

Chew, Kara, Smith, David (Davey), Daar, Eric, Wohl, David, Currier, Judith, Eron, Joseph, Javan, Arzhang Cyrus, Hughes, Michael, Moser, Carlee, Giganti, Mark, Ritz, Justin, Hosey, Lara, Roa, Jhoanna, Patel, Nilam, Colsh, Kelly, Rwakazina, Irene, Beck, Justine, Sieg, Scott, Li, Jonathan, Fletcher, Courtney, Fischer, William, Evering, Teresa H., Ignacio, Rachel Bender, Cardoso, Sandra, Corado, Katya, Jagannathan, Prasanna, Jilg, Nikolaus, Perelson, Alan, Pillay, Sandy, Riviere, Cynthia, Singh, Upinder, Taiwo, Babafemi, Gottesman, Joan, Newell, Matthew, Pedersen, Susan, Dragavon, Joan, Jennings, Cheryl, Greenfelder, Brian, Murtaugh, William, Kosmyna, Jan, Gapara, Morgan, Shahkolahi, Akbar, Margolis, David, Lacal, Verónica, Salusso, Diego, Nuñez, Sebastian, Rodriguez, Marcelo Rodrigo, Laborde, Luciana, Papasidero, Marcelo, Wehbe, Luis, Gonzalez, Mariana, Voena, Felicitas Fernandez, Alvarez, Tomas, Lopez, Amaru, Huhn, Virginia, D'Andrea Nores, Ulises, Dieser, Pablo, Bordese, Fernando, Mussi, Marisa, de Carvalho Santana, Rodrigo, Tiraboschi Bárbaro, Adriana Aparecida, Santos, Breno, de Cássia Alves Lira, Rita, Machado da Silva, Andre Luiz, Cardoso, Sandra Wagner, Diniz Ribeiro, Maria Pia, Soliva, Nathália, Vasconcellos, Eduardo, Ribeiro, Jorge Eurico, Enéas, Miriam Amaral, Pinto, Jorge, Fonseca de Morais Caporali, Julia, Faleiro Ferreira, Flávia Gomes, Rivera Martinez, Norma Erendira, Bohorquez Lopez, Victor Casildo, Frias, Melchor Victor, Fetalvero, Krystle, Maranan, Alyxzza, Rosa, Jennifer, Coetzer, Thomas, Mohata, Maureen, Sr., Lalloo, Umesh, Madlala, Penelope, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Bennet, Jaclyn Ann, Mwelase, Noluthando, Mbhele, Nokuphiwa, Petrick, Frederick, Joubert, Leonard, Mbali, Rose, Sr., Joseph, Natasha, Manentsa, Mmatsie, van der Walt, Eugene, Lawrance Masilela, Mduduzi Sandile, Zwane, Zinhle, Chiperera, Tendai, Mohapi, Lerato, Moonsamy, Suri, Singh, Usha, McHarry, Kirsten, Snyman, Elizma, Lennox, Pieter, Innes, James Craig, Letlape, Oteng, Jonkane, Olebogeng, Brumskine, William, Adonis, Tania, Sein, Ni Ni, Sebe, Modulakgotla, Vahed, Yacoob, Hussen, Nazreen Jeewa, Mitha, Ismail, Cheekati, Vasundhara, Cheekati, Purna, Lummus, Christie, Idarraga, Samuel, Kim, Andrew, Pham, David N., Kao, Wei-Hsin, Pfeffer, Michael M., Dominguez, Miriam Batule, Malik, Anju, Bryan, Anna, Arnold, Melanie, Fernandez, Idania, Karpf, Cinzia, Ruiz, Aniuska, Taylor, David, Folkens, Eric, Manne, Jennifer, Yawetz, Sigal, Keenan, Cheryl, Eziri, Emeka, Fichtenbaum, Carl, Baer, Jenifer, Trentman, Sarah, Call, Robert, Vaughan, Leroy, Milstone, Aaron, Slandzicki, Jamie Alex, Wallan, Jessica, Guillory, Clinton, Andrews, Nancy, Hughes, Leslie, Berardi, Jonathan, Arar, Celine, Quinn, Randall, Amaya, Jorge P., Gomez-Martinez, Marissa, Cantu, Luis, Betancourt-Garcia, Monica, Okeke, Nwora Lance, Burns, Charles M., Haddad, Fadi, Haddad, Victoria, Focil, Augusto, Rosas, Griselda, Moyano, Susana, Rojas, Yaneicy Gonzalez, Aswad, Ahmad, Bukhman, Yevgeniy, Jain, Manish, Bukhman, Eugene, Farah, Humam, McClain, Rebekah, Shaik, Sadia, Hatlen, Timothy, Gotur, Deepa, Surber, Joseph, Kingsley, Jeffrey, Pixler, April, Zopo, Alex, Herman, Jack, Herman, Craig, Leon, Ramon, Nikolov, Boris, Vergara, Fernando Gonzalez, Gonzalez, Ana I., Gonzalez, Noemi, Gelman, Michael, Andriunas, Olga, Jagizarov, Zarema, Westerman, Jan, Davis, David, Sherer, Donna, Dooley, Kelly, Becker, Becky, Wilkins, Adaliah, Pérez, Jose, Roman, Eloy, Fernández, Heriberto, Mocherla, Bharat, Beck, Kelly, Maldonado, Valarie, Veltman, Jennifer, Gandhi, Rajesh, Shea, Katrina, Planchon, Matthew, Herpel, Laura Bogan, Tripathi, Kaushlendra K., Day, Donald C., Pullman, John, Sr., Williams-Leber, Erin, Johnson, Misty, Hecker, Michelle, Avery, Ann, Hoover, Keila, Monlux, George W., Juneja, Elizabeth, Jr., Wernick, Arthur, Ruiz, Karelia, Hernández, Maureen, Pérez, Yadilys, Taiwo, Babafemi O., Hawkins, Claudia, Berzins, Baiba, Malvestutto, Carlos, Harber, Heather, Cicarella, Robyn, DeJesus, Edwin, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, Free, Almena L., Pulliam, Sallie D., Weinstein, Debra, Suarez, Rosa M., Socorro, Ezequiel, Socorro, Estefania, Neytman, Gene, Easley, Raymond, Aziz, Mariam, Swiatek, Joan, Nagpal, Avish, Kompelien, Breanna, McEvoy, Kathryn, Hoover, Susan E., Lutz, Allison, Just, Jessica, Hernandez, Manuel, Victoria, Yanly B., Rodriguez, Gabriel, Pathak, Divya, Ordway, Joshua J., Heffner, Megan, Weston, Patrick, Weston, Khalilah, Choudhary, Madhu, Sullivano, Jennifer, Osiyemi, Olayemi, Izquierdo, Myriam, Torna, Odelsey, Clemency, Brian, Varughese, Renoj, Lynch, Joshua, Khodabakhshian, Aleen, Fortier, Samantha, Coyne, Christopher, Cronin, Alexandrea, Benson, Constance, Hendrickx, Steven, Ramirez, Rosemarie, Luetkemeyer, Anne, Hendler, Suzanne, Dentoni-Lasofsky, Dennis, Rathore, Mobeen, Mahmoudi, Saniyyah, Riaz, Amna, Castro, Mario, Spikes, Leslie, Hall, Chase, Oakes, Jonathan, Loftis, Amy James, Tebas, Pablo, Short, William, Dube, Michael P., Khan, Saahir, Mendez, Luis M., McGuffin, Sarah, Jonsson, Chris, Jain, Mamta K., Senthil, Smruthi, Turner-Gray, Kimberly, Mehta, Sanjay, Lewinski, Mary, Azizad, Masoud, Chow, Christopher, Nakatani, Lisa, Williamson, Derrick, Atriss, Hisham, Caloura, Matthew, Malla, Midhun, Hazard-Jenkins, Hannah, Wilkin, Aimee, Fayssoux, Jamraus, Seagle, Hannah, Presti, Rachel, Haile, Alem, Wohl, David A., Li, Jonathan Z., Eron, Joseph J., Currier, Judith S., Daar, Eric S., Smith, Davey M., Hughes, Michael D., and Chew, Kara W.

Published
2024
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