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Digital platforms have modified conspiracy theory communication as they enable users to publicly share their support, to circumvent traditional gatekeepers, and to form like-minded communities. However, the impacts of conspiracy discourses differ greatly between platforms. By drawing on critical platform studies, this article introduces a theoretical and analytical framework to investigate the interplay and mutual shaping between “alternative” platforms and conspiracy theory communication, which we describe as the _platformization of conspiracism_. Along the four interconnected dimensions of our framework – _infrastructure_, _economic model_, _governance_, and _user culture_ of platforms – we examine _BitChute_ and _Gab_ in the context of conspiracy theory communication. To investigate the platforms' technological features, business model, and governance practices, we conduct a documentation analysis of media reports and the platforms own news updates alongside an in-depth examination of each platform's functionality and interface. To gain insights into the user culture, i.e., the key characteristics and monetizing strategies of conspiracy theory propagators, we analyze 20 prominent conspiracy theory channels and profiles from BitChute and Gab, respectively. Findings from our study shed light on how both platforms have positioned themselves as technological equivalents to their “mainstream” counterparts by offering similar features and how they differ from their counterparts by presenting themselves as defenders of free speech. At the user level, our findings suggest that both platforms provide conspiracy propagators a fertile refuge through which they can maintain their presence and connection with their followers – which also allows them to profit from their visibility by receiving monetary rewards.

In their recent article, Dimitris et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(6):980–986) presented a series of challenges modern epidemiology has faced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including challenges around the scientific progress, epidemiologic methods, interventions, equity, team science, and training needed to address these issues. Here, 2 social epidemiologists who have been working on COVID-19 inequities reflect on further lessons with an added year of perspective. We focus on 2 key challenges: 1) dominant biomedical individualistic narratives around the production of population health, and 2) the role of profit in policy-making. We articulate a need to consider social epidemiologic approaches, including acknowledging the importance of considering how societal systems lead to health inequities. To address these challenges, future (and current) epidemiologists should be trained in theories of population health distribution and political structures of governance. Last, we close with the need for better investment in public health infrastructure as a crucial step toward achieving population health equity.

In line with the urgency of problems related to climate change, studies on the framing of this issue have flourished in recent years. However, as in framing research overall, a lack of definitions complicates the synthesis of theoretical/empirical insights. This systematic review contrasts trends of framing in climate change communication to those observed in reviews of communication research overall and harnesses framing’s power to bridge perspectives by comparing frames across different frame locations (i.e., frame production, frame content, audience frames, and framing effects), as part of the wider cultural framing repository. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches of content analysis, this review draws on 25 years of peer-reviewed literature on the framing of climate change ( n = 275). Among the findings, we observe that research has not made use of framing’s bridging potential. Hence, the conceptual (mis)fit between frame locations will be discussed, and directions for future research will be given.

The present thesis introduce different synthetic strategies towards a variety of polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides (PADIs) with highly interesting and diverse properties. This included tetrachlorinated, tetraaryloxy- and tetraaryl-substituted dicarboximides, fused acceptor‒donor(‒acceptor) structures as well as sterically shielded rylene and nanographene dicarboximides. The properties and thus the disclosure of structure‒property relationships of the resulting dyes were investigated in detail among others with UV‒vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single crystal X-ray analysis. For instance, some of the fused and substituted PADIs offer strong absorption of visible and near infrared (NIR) light, NIR emission and low-lying LUMO levels. On the contrary, intriguing optical features in the solid-state characterize the rylene dicarboximides with their bulky N-substituents, while the devised sterically enwrapped nanographene host offered remarkable complexation capabilities in solution., Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt verschiedene Synthesestrategien für eine Vielfalt an polyzyklischen aromatischen Dicarboximiden (PADIs) mit hochinteressanten und vielfältigen Eigenschaften vor. Dies beinhaltete tetrachlorierte, tetraryloxy- und tetraaryl-substituierte Dicarboximide, fusionierte Akzeptor‒Donor(‒Akzeptor)-Strukturen wie auch sterisch abgeschirmte Rylen- und Nanographen-Dicarboximide. Die Eigenschaften und damit die Offenlegung von Struktur‒Eigenschaftsbeziehungen der resultierenden Farbstoffe wurden unter anderem mittels UV‒vis Absorptionsspektroskopie, Fluoreszenzspektroskopie, Zyklovoltammetrie und Einkristallstrukturanalyse detalliert untersucht. Zum Beispiel bieten einige der fusionierten und substituierten PADIs eine starke Absorption von sichtbaren und nahen Infrarot-Licht (NIR), NIR-Emission und niedrigliegende LUMO-Niveaus. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Rylendicarboximide mit ihren voluminösen N-Substituenten durch faszinierende optische Eigenschaften im Festkörper charakterisiert, wohingegen der konzipierte sterisch eingehüllte Nanographen-Wirt bemerkenswerte Komplexierungs-Fähigkeiten in Lösung zeigte.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-crx-10.1177_00936502221137165 for Framing as a Bridging Concept for Climate Change Communication: A Systematic Review Based on 25 Years of Literature by Lars Guenther, Susan Jörges, Daniela Mahl and Michael Brüggemann in Communication Research

A series of novel imide‐functionalized C\(_{64}\) nanographenes is investigated as acceptor components in organic solar cells (OSCs) in combination with donor polymer PM6. These electron‐poor molecules either prevail as a monomer or self‐assemble into dimers in the OSC active layer depending on the chosen imide substituents. This allows for the controlled stacking of electron‐poor and electron‐rich π–scaffolds to establish a novel class of non‐fullerene acceptor materials to tailor the bulk‐heterojunction morphology of the OSCs. The best performance is observed for derivatives that are able to self‐assemble into dimers, reaching power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.1%.

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is now the main species cultivated in various geographic locations. Whiteleg shrimp have a wide range of salinity tolerance, but a matter of deficiency of minerals and trace elements need to be taken care of when shrimp are grown in low saline area. It may induce higher mortality and slower growth performances of shrimp. Two stages of shrimp juveniles were subsequently tested with different formulae of a liquid nutraceutical of essential minerals and trace elements. Each stage was performed in a 28-day trial with follow-up parameters of shrimp growth indices and environmental changes throughout the tests. The use of mineral supplementation in whiteleg shrimp diet in low salinity area significantly increased growth performance, survival rate and color intensity. This study has demonstrated the efficacy of a liquid form of mineral supplement product administered by top-coating onto the feed to shrimp during 4 weeks of grow-out at 5‰ salinity, but the application was dependent on formula and dose. Further research on application regime using this liquid mineral product should be performed to optimize a protocol for a whole culture crop as different stages of shrimp may require different supplementation doses.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar algumas estratégias específicas de aprendizagem do aluno com paralisia cerebral, com destaque no papel da escola, professor e relação família escola. Foi desenvolvida através de pesquisa bibliográfica mediante leituras, análise e fichamento de livros, periódicos, banco de dados relacionados ao assunto em questão. Verificou-se que os agentes sociais são de suma importância na vida do educando tanto na formação intelectual quanto social. Ressalta-se que, na educação do aluno com PC, não se pode perder de vista a necessidade de garantir o desenvolvimento máximo de suas capacidades, para que ele possa alcançar boa relação com seus pares, bem como o máximo aproveitamento de seu tempo de lazer, de estudo, de forma adaptada e feliz. A criança com PC, como todas as crianças, tem o direito de ter independência, integração e vida social. Sabendo das dificuldades existentes em torno da aprendizagem da pessoa com PC, é importante que o professor esteja apto a buscar a ajuda adequada, zelando pelas particularidades de cada aluno. This research aimed to study some specific learning strategies for students with cerebral palsy, with emphasis on the role of the school, the teacher, and the family-school relationship. It was developed through bibliographic research by reading, analyzing, and annotating books, periodicals, and databases related to the subject in question. It was verified that the social agents are of utmost importance in the life of the student both in the intellectual and social formation. It is noteworthy that, in the education of students with CP, one cannot lose sight of the need to ensure the maximum development of their capabilities, so that they can achieve a good relationship with their peers, as well as the maximum use of their leisure time and study time, in an adapted and happy way. The child with CP, like all children, has the right to independence, integration, and a social life. Knowing the difficulties surrounding the learning of a person with CP, it is important that the teacher be able to seek appropriate help, taking care of each student's particularities.

Distribuição de água de microaspersor para diferentes condições OPERACIONAIS Giuliani do Prado1; TIAGO BUENO BRAGA COELHO1; Adriano Catossi Tinos1; denise mahl1 e EDMILSON CESAR BORTOLETTO1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - DEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Rodovia PR 482, km 45, CEP: 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brasil. E-mail: gprado@uem.br, buenotiagobc@gmail.com, actinos@uem.br, demahl@gmail.com, ecbortoletto@uem.br. 1 RESUMO O trabalho objetivou avaliar o microaspersor Naan Hadar®, modelo 7110, operando na ausência de ventos. Ensaios laboratoriais de distribuição de água foram realizados para 144 condições operacionais de: pressões de serviço (10, 15 e 20 mca), diâmetros de bocais (0,9; 1,0; 1,1 e; 1,2 mm), tipos de insertos (nebulizador - INeb e pequeno alcance - IPalc), alturas de instalação (0,5; 1,0, 1,5 m) e posições verticais (cima e baixo). A altura de instalação proporcionou maiores variações no raio de alcance para o IPalc posicionado para cima (23,4%) do que para baixo (1,3%), para o INeb, essas variações foram de 0,7 a 2,9%. Seis formas geométricas do perfil radial adimensional foram suficientes para caracterizar o microaspersor operando com o INeb e IPalc. Nas simulações da distribuição de água para diferentes arranjos de espaçamentos retangulares e triangulares, verificou-se que: o INeb, independentemente da altura e posição do microaspersor, com espaçamentos próximos a 50% do diâmetro molhado (DM), resultam em elevados valores de coeficiente de uniformidade (CU), e; para o IPalc, a posição do microaspersor para baixo deve ser preferida, pois resulta em altos valores de CU para espaçamentos até 60% do DM. Palavras-chave: altura de instalação, pressão de serviço, diâmetro de bocal. Prado, G; COELHO, t. b. b.; Tinos, A. C.; mahl, D; BORTOLETTO, e. c. Micro-sprinkler water distribution for different working conditions 2 ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the Naan Hadar® micro-sprinkler, model 7110, working in no-wind conditions. Laboratory tests of water distribution were performed for 144 working combinations, given by: working pressures (10, 15, and 20 mwc), nozzle diameters (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 mm), insert types (mist sprayer -MSp and small sprayer - SSp), nozzle heights (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) and, vertical positions (upright and inverted). The nozzle height setup resulted in a larger range in the radius of throw for the SSp positioned upright (23.4%) than inverted (1.3%), for the MSp, these variations were from 0.7 to 2.9%. Six geometric shapes of the dimensionless water distribution curve were sufficient to characterize the micro-sprinkler working with MSp and SSp. Running out the water distribution simulations for different spacings in rectangular and triangular layouts, it was found that: the MSp, regardless of the height and position of the micro-sprinkler, with spacings closer than 50% of the wetted diameter (WD), results in high values of uniformity coefficient (UC), and; for the SSp, the micro-sprinkler inverted position should be preferred, since results in high UC values for spacings up to 60% of WD. Keywords: nozzle height, working pressure, nozzle diameter.

A prerequisite for advancing hybrid solar light harvesting systems is a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of photoinduced interfacial charge separation. Here, we demonstrate access to this transient charge redistribution for a model hybrid system of nanoporous zinc oxide (ZnO) and ruthenium bipyridyl chromophores. The site-selective probing of the molecular electron donor and semiconductor acceptor by time-resolved X-ray photoemission provides direct insight into the depth distribution of the photoinjected electrons and their interaction with the local band structure on a nanometer length scale. Our results show that these electrons remain localized within less than 6 nm from the interface, due to enhanced downward band bending by the photoinjected charge carriers. This spatial confinement suggests that light-induced charge generation and transport in nanoscale ZnO photocatalytic devices proceeds predominantly within the defect-rich surface region, which may lead to enhanced surface recombination and explain their lower performance compared to titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based systems.

Indoor dining is one of the potential drivers of COVID-19 transmission. We used the heterogeneity among state government preemption of city indoor dining closures to estimate the impact of keeping indoor dining closed on COVID-19 incidence.We obtained case rates and city or state reopening dates from March to October 2020 in 11 US cities. We categorized cities as treatment cities that were allowed by the state to reopen but kept indoor dining closed or comparison cities that would have kept indoor dining closed but that were preempted by their state and had to reopen indoor dining. We modeled associations using a difference-in-difference approach and an event study specification. We ran negative binomial regression models, with city-day as the unit of analysis, city population as an offset, and controlling for time-varying nonpharmaceutical interventions, as well as city and time fixed effects in sensitivity analysis and the event study specification.Keeping indoor dining closed was associated with a 55% (IRR = 0.45; 95% confidence intervals = 0.21, 0.99) decline in the new COVID-19 case rate over 6 weeks compared with cities that reopened indoor dining, and these results were consistent after testing alternative modeling strategies.Keeping indoor dining closed may be directly or indirectly associated with reductions in COVID-19 spread. Evidence of the relationship between indoor dining and COVID-19 case rates can inform policies to restrict indoor dining as a tailored strategy to reduce COVID-19 incidence. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B902.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials are promising components for chemical and biological sensors and photocatalytic conversion and operate as electron collectors in photovoltaic technologies. Many of th...

A partir de uma amostra de telerradiografias em norma frontal da face de 50 individuos adultos, este trabalho avaliou se existem diferencas entre os valores medios de medidas esqueleticas lineares e angulares obtidas de cefalogramas delineados manualmente e computadorizados, utilizando os programas SMTC, Orto View, Radiocef e Orto Manager. Sobre cada radiografia foi realizado o tracado manual de Ricketts e foram marcados os pontos cefalometricos para cada um dos programas. Os valores obtidos em cada um dos cinco metodos de tracado empregados foram tabulados para cada uma das medidas lineares e angulares estudadas e suas medias comparadas pela Analise de Variância (ANOVA). Verificou-se, para a simetria postural, que houve diferencas estatisticas significantes entre o Orto Manager e os demais metodos, os quais nao diferiram significativamente entre si. Para as medias das demais medidas lineares e angular selecionadas (linha mediana maxilo-mandibular, largura nasal, altura nasal, largura maxilar, largura mandibular e largura facial), verificou-se que nao houve diferencas estatisticas significantes entre os metodos estudados.

Die fortschreitende Verbreitung von vernetzten, intelligenten Produkten und Produktionsgütern im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0 verändert nicht nur die Produktion, sondern bewirkt auch die Entstehung von neuen Formen der Wertschöpfung und neuartigen Geschäftsmodellen. Unternehmen bietet dies die Möglichkeit zugehörige Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln und zu vermarkten. Dieser Trend hin zum Angebot von integrierten Produkten und Dienstleistungen wird als hybride Wertschöpfung bezeichnet und zielt darauf ab, dem Kunden ganzheitliche und individuelle Lösungen anzubieten. Die Entwicklung eines zugehörigen Geschäftsmodells hybrider Wertschöpfung erfordert eine multikriterielle Machbarkeitsüberprüfung. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den Besonderheiten der Machbarkeitsstudie von Geschäftsmodellen hybrider Wertschöpfung.