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The objectives of this study are to examine whether the current accounting curricula of Jordanian universities fit the Jordanian market demand, in addition to determining the skills and competences that Jordanian businesses require from accounting graduates. To achieve these objectives, an analysis of current accounting curricula of Jordanian universities took place, interviews with professionals and academics were conducted, and a questionnaire survey was administrated to a large sample of academics and professionals. The study found the presence of a significant gap between the courses covered in the accounting curricula of Jordanian universities and the skills acquired by the students versus the market's requirements and needs. This is mainly due to the fact that the accounting curricula of Jordanian universities are structured based on specific requirements set by the Accreditation and Quality Assurance Commission for Higher Education Institutions (AQACHEI), leaving no freedom for universities to develop curriculums that meet the market's need. It is also argued that that current exam-based assessment methodology adopted by Jordanian universities largely contributes to expanding the gap. The study recommends giving Jordanian universities more freedom in setting the curriculum for accounting programs, and that they should start revising their accounting curriculums to take into account current market needs.

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) refers to a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi that enhances the uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil and enables the plant to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. Although previously reported RNA-seq analyses have identified large numbers of AM-responsive genes in model plants, such as Solanum lycopersicum L., further studies are underway to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between plant roots and AM, especially in terms of the short- and long-term responses after inoculation. Results: Herein, we used RNA-seq technology to obtain the transcriptomes of tomato roots inoculated with the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis at 7 and 30 days post inoculation (dpi). Of the 1,019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tomato roots, 635 genes showed differential expressions between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal associations at the two time points. The number of upregulated DEGs far exceeded the number of downregulated ones at 7 dpi, and this difference decreased at 30 dpi. Several notable genes were particularly involved in the plant defense, plant growth and development, ion transport, and biological processes, namely, GABAT, AGP, POD, NQO1, MT4, MTA, and AROGP3. In addition, the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some of the genes were involved in different pathways, including those of ascorbic acid (AFRR, GME1, and APX), metabolism (CYP, GAPC2, and CAM2), and sterols (CYC1 and HMGR), as well as genes related to cell division and cell cycle (CDKB2 and PCNA). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable new data on AM-responsive genes in tomato roots at both short- and long-term postinoculation stages, enabling the deciphering of biological interactions between tomato roots and symbiotic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the interplay between individual self-efficacy (SE) and the adoption of business intelligence (BI) tools, and their combined effects on organizational agility and performance. This research offers a novel perspective by examining the relationship between individual SE and BI tools together, which was neglected in the previous research, shedding light on how these factors collectively influence organizational performance and agility. The importance of this study addresses the crucial need for understanding the role of individual capabilities in leveraging BI tools, especially in the context of rapidly changing environments. The study employs a quantitative approach to examine the proposed model. A survey was conducted with 174 respondents from private and public organizations in Jordan. The findings reveal significant and positive impacts of individual experiences, vicarious experiences (VE), and psychological feedback (PS) on SE. Moreover, the study demonstrates that SE significantly and positively influences the utilization of BI tools, consequently affecting organizational agility and performance. The significance of the study findings lies in its ability to bridge the gap between individual capabilities and the effective utilization of BI tools to equip businesses with invaluable insights for enhancing their decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphate has a fundamental role in bone mineralization, and its chronic deficiency has multiple negative consequences in the body, including defects in bone mineralization that will manifest in children as rickets and osteomalacia. Here we present a young boy known to have Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome with multiple co-morbidities that necessitated gastric tube feeding. The child at 22 months was found to have hypophosphatemia and a high alkaline phosphatase level associated with rachitic skeletal manifestations that were attributed to low phosphate intake and/or gastrointestinal absorption, as there was no evidence of excessive phosphate wasting based on appropriate tubular renal re-absorption of phosphate. The primary nutritional source was an elemental amino acid-based milk formula (Neocate®) from 12 months of age. After switching from Neocate® to another elemental amino-acid based milk formula, all biochemical and radiological abnormalities returned to normal, indicating that the Neocate® formula was the possible cause of the patient's low phosphate intake. However, in the literature, this formula-associated effect was only described in a limited number of patients. Whether or not some patient-related factors, such as the very rare syndrome described in our patient, could influence this effect warrants further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliable operation of electrical power transmission systems is crucial for ensuring consumer's stable and uninterrupted electricity supply. Faults in electrical power transmission systems can lead to significant disruptions, economic losses, and potential safety hazards. A protective approach is essential for transmission lines to guard against faults caused by natural disturbances, short circuits, and open circuit issues. This study employs an advanced artificial neural network methodology for fault detection and classification, specifically distinguishing between single-phase fault and fault between all three phases and three-phase symmetrical fault. For fault data creation and analysis, we utilized a collection of line currents and voltages for different fault conditions, modelled in the MATLAB environment. Different fault scenarios with varied parameters are simulated to assess the applied method's detection ability. We analyzed the signal data time series analysis based on phase line current and phase line voltage. We employed SMOTE-based data oversampling to balance the dataset. Subsequently, we developed four advanced machine-learning models and one deep-learning model using signal data from line currents and voltage faults. We have proposed an optimized novel glassbox Explainable Boosting (EB) approach for fault detection. The proposed EB method incorporates the strengths of boosting and interpretable tree models. Simulation results affirm the high-efficiency scores of 99% in detecting and categorizing faults on transmission lines compared to traditional fault detection state-of-the-art methods. We conducted hyperparameter optimization and k-fold validations to enhance fault detection performance and validate our approach. We evaluated the computational complexity of fault detection models and augmented it with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) analysis to illuminate the decision-making process of the proposed model for fault detection. Our proposed research presents a scalable and adaptable method for advancing smart grid technology, paving the way for more secure and efficient electrical power transmission systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve vital physiological functions, but aberrant ROS production contributes to numerous diseases. Unfortunately, therapeutic progress targeting pathogenic ROS has been hindered by the limited understanding of whether the mechanisms driving pathogenic ROS differ from those governing physiological ROS generation. To address this knowledge gap, we utilised a cellular model of Parkinson's disease (PD), as an exemplar of ROS-associated diseases. We exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to the PD-toxin, MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) and studied ROS upregulation leading to cell death, the primary cause of PD. We demonstrate: (1) MPP+ stimulates ROS production by raising cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, rather than acting directly on mitochondria. (2) To raise the Ca2+, MPP+ co-stimulates NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) and the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin2 (TRPM2) channel that form a positive feedback loop to support each other's function. (3) Ca2+ exacerbates mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production not directly, but via Zn2+. (4) Zn2+ promotes electron escape from respiratory complexes, predominantly from complex III, to generate mtROS. These conclusions are drawn from data, wherein inhibition of TRPM2 and NOX2, chelation of Ca2+ and Zn2+, and prevention of electron escape from complexes -all abolished the ability of MPP+ to induce mtROS production and the associated cell death. Furthermore, calcium ionophore mimicked the effects of MPP+, while Zn2+ ionophore replicated the effects of both MPP+ and Ca2+. Thus, we unveil a previously unrecognized signalling circuit involving NOX2, TRPM2, Ca2+, Zn2+, and complex III that drives cytotoxic ROS production. This circuit lies dormant in healthy cells but is triggered by pathogenic insults and could therefore represent a safe therapeutic target for PD and other ROS-linked diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: CD22, as a surface protein of B cells, is used in the diagnosis and target-specific immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies. SpyTag and SpyCatcher, on the other hand, are two covalently coupled proteins capable of developing a bi- or multi-specific modular protein. The aim of this study was to develop FITC-conjugated SpyCatcher-SpyTagged anti-CD22 Nanobody (FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb) to recognize CD22 on the surface of malignant B cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the SpyTag-CD22Nb construct was subcloned into a pET22 vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After purification using His-tag affinity chromatography, the size of the eluted protein was confirmed on a Western blot. In addition, the SpyCatcher protein, subcloned into pET28, was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and subjected to FITC labeling. FITC-SpyCatcher and SpyTag-CD22Nb were coupled in a 1:1 molar ratio. The specific binding of the produced FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb was tested using CD22+ Raji and CD22- K562 cell lines and was evaluated by flow cytometry Results: SpyTag-CD22Nb and SpyCatcher were successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The 1:1 molar ratio of SpyTag-CD22Nb and FITC-SpyCatcher successfully formed FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb at room temperature. The flow cytometry results showed that FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb specifically binds to the CD22+ Raji cells, while there is no binding to the CD22- K562 control cells. Conclusion: The novel FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb produced in the present study is capable of detecting the surficial expression of CD22. According to our findings, FITC-SpyC-SpyT-CD22Nb is applicable for specific targeting of CD22 in a therapeutic manner, i.e., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this survey, two wood-inhabiting species - Xylaria polymorpha and Xylaria longipes (10 strains each) were evaluated in dual culture assay against 6 fungi: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Mucor plumbeus, Penicillium polonicum, and Trichoderma viride. Detailed descriptions of the interspecific interactions, morphological changes and comparison of X. longipes and X polymorpha reaction types with each fungus are provided. The results indicate significant inhibitory activity of both X. longipes and X. polymorpha against A. niger, M. plumbeus, P. polonicum, F. solani, C. albicans with differences in reaction types on a strain specific level. Most commonly, co-cultivating resulted in Xylaria species replacing fungi (60.8% of all interactions), with a partial replacement after initial deadlock with mycelial contact as the most frequent type of interaction. Inhibiting activity at a distance occurred in the majority of dual cultures of X. polymorpha with A. niger and P. polonicum (deadlock at a distance), and X. longipes with M. plumbeus (deadlock at a distance followed by a partial replacement). Among all tested cultures, T. viride turned out to be the only fungus suppressing Xylaria (except for X. polymorpha strains that formed a deadlock at mycelial contact). Based on the listed reaction types, for each studied Xylaria strain antagonism index was calculated, revealing that X polymorpha IBK 2720 had the highest value among all screened strains amounted to 20. The results indicate the effectiveness of Xylaria against tested fungi via contact antagonism and provide valuable insights for further investigations of novel biocontrol agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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