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• The secondary anchorage of corrosion-induced fractured strand is explored. • The residual prestressing force generated by secondary anchorage is conformed. • An analytical method is proposed to determine the damage control section. An experimental test with six specimens is designed to investigate the secondary anchorage and residual prestressing force in locally corroded post-tensioned concrete (PT) beams after strand fracture. The secondary anchorage of fractured strand is investigated, and the correlation between prestressing force generated by secondary anchorage and strand fracture positions is established. The flexural behavior of locally corroded PT beams after strand fracture is discussed. An analytical method is proposed to determine the damage control section of locally corroded PT beams after strand fracture for the flexural capacity evaluation, and the accuracy of proposed method is validated by experimental results. Results show that corrosion-induced strand fracture leads to the formation mechanism of prestressing force changing from the end anchorage transfer to the cement mortar bonded transfer. The secondary anchorage of fractured strand can form a new prestressing force for resisting the applied load, and the residual prestressing force in locally corroded PT beams depends on the strand fracture positions. The prestressing force generated by the secondary anchorage will decrease gradually when the strand fracture position moves from the end anchorage region to the mid-span region. The prestressing force loss is 16.7% when strand fractures in the end anchorage region. Once it occurs in the mid-span region, the prestressing force loss reaches to 83.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Geometric features of two kinds of corroded HPS are compared by means of 3D scanning technology. • Comparisons of corrosion appearance, fracture characteristics, and mechanical behaviors are made. • Effects of different corroded cross sections and their spacing on the mechanical properties are evaluated. An experimental study was conducted to compare the deterioration of mechanical properties of HPS specimens subjected to electrochemical corrosion and neutral salt spray accelerated corrosion. Twenty seven 460D steel specimens were designed and subjected to these two kinds of corrosion. The geometric features of the specimens were evaluated by using 3D scanning technology. Mechanical properties and corrosion damage were discussed after tensile tests. FEM was developed to investigate the effects of different corroded cross sections and their spacing on the degradation of mechanical properties. Experimental results show that specimens subjected to the electrochemical accelerated corrosion have more obvious non-uniformity. Shape of big pits in terms of the electrochemical accelerated corrosion can be regarded as a flat semi-ellipsoid, and part of a full semi-ellipsoid for salt spray accelerated corrosion, and cone for the small pits. Corrosion method has an effect on the ductility, strength, and failure behaviors. Compared with thickness loss, width loss has a greater impact on structural strength and stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbiomes play crucial roles in insect adaptation, especially under stress such as pathogen invasion. Yet, how beneficial microbiomes assemble remains unclear. The wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus , a major pest and vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD) nematode, offers a unique model. We conducted controlled experiments using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) within galleries where beetles and microbes interact. PWD significantly altered bacterial and fungal communities, suggesting distinct assembly processes. Deterministic factors like priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions shaped microbiome composition, distinguishing healthy from PWN-infected galleries. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae emerged as potentially beneficial, aiding beetle's development and pathogen resistance. This study unveils how nematode-induced changes in gallery microbiomes influence beetle's development, shedding light on microbiome assembly amid insect-pathogen interactions. Insights gleaned enhance understanding of PWD spread and suggest novel management strategies via microbiome manipulation.IMPORTANCEThis study explores the assembly process of gallery microbiomes associated with a wood-boring beetles, Monochamus alternatus , a vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD). By conducting controlled comparison experiments and employing amplicon approaches, the study reveals significant changes in taxonomic composition and functional adaptation of bacterial and fungal communities induced by PWD. It identifies deterministic processes, including priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions, as major drivers in microbiome assembly. Additionally, the study highlights the presence of potentially beneficial microbes such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae, which could enhance beetle development and resistance to pathogens. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay among insects, microbiomes, and pathogens, contributing to a deeper understanding of PWD prevalence and suggesting innovative management strategies through microbiome manipulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare and serious obstetric complication that can lead to severe complications. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman (gravida 5, para 2022) at 12 weeks and 5 days of gestation who presented with urinary retention and lower abdominal pain. Despite attempts at positional changes and manipulative repositioning under epidural anesthesia, the incarceration of the gravid uterus persisted. Subsequent intervention under general anesthesia involved partially reducing the uterine fundus into the abdominal cavity and using gauze strips in the posterior vaginal fornix to maintain traction. In addition, the bilateral round ligaments of the uterus were sutured to release the incarcerated uterus via laparoscopy. Vaginal gauze packing under general anesthesia may be a beneficial intervention for addressing cases of an incarcerated uterus, particularly in patients in whom passive maneuvers and manual pressure fail to resolve the condition., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

The development of appropriate molecular tools to monitor different mercury speciation, especially CH 3 Hg + , in living organisms is attractive because its persistent accumulation and toxicity are very harmful to human health. Herein, we develop a novel activity-based ratiometric SERS nanoprobe to selectively monitor Hg 2+ and CH 3 Hg + in aqueous media and in vivo. In this nanoprobe, a new bifunctional Raman probe bis-s-s'-[(s)-(4-(ethylcarbamoyl)phenyl)boronic acid] (b-(s)-EPBA) was synthesized and immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles via a Au-S bond, in which the phenylboronic acid group was employed as the recognition unit for Hg 2+ and CH 3 Hg + based on the Hg-promoted transmetalation reaction. In the presence of Hg 2+ and CH 3 Hg + , a new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak aroused from of C-Hg appeared at 1080 cm -1 , and the SERS intensity at 1002 cm -1 belonged to the B-O symmetric stretching decreased simultaneously. The quantitative tracking of Hg 2+ and CH 3 Hg + was realized based on the SERS intensity ratio ( I 1080 / I 1303 ) with rapid response (∼4 min) and high sensitivity, with detection limits of 10.05 and 25.13 nM, respectively. Moreover, the SERS sensor was used for the quantitative detection of Hg 2+ and CH 3 Hg + in four actual water samples with a high accuracy and excellent recovery. More importantly, cell imaging experiments showed that AuNPs@b-(s)-EPBA could quantitatively detect intracellular CH 3 Hg + and had a good concentration dependence in ratiometric SERS imaging. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that AuNPs@b-(s)-EPBA could detect and image CH 3 Hg + in zebrafish. We anticipate that AuNPs@b-(s)-EPBA could potentially be used to study the physiological functions related to CH 3 Hg + in the future.

In this paper, on one hand, the time-varying characteristics of the heat source and thermal boundary conditions of the high-speed spindle system were analyzed considering the thermal-structural coupling effect. And a transient bearing temperature field prediction method combining the thermal network method and finite element method was proposed. Furthermore, the relationships between time step, calculation efficiency and calculation results were analyzed. On the other hand, a online real-time monitoring system of the transient temperature of the cylindrical roller bearing inner ring for maximum speed of 13,000 r/min was designed and implemented using fibre optic sensing technology. Comparing with the conventional static thermal analysis results, it is verified that the simulation method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy. This paper provides a new approach for analysing and testing the thermal characteristics of high-speed spindle system., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Precise control over the chirality and morphologies of polymer assemblies, a remaining challenge for both chemists and materials scientists, is receiving ever-increasing attention in the recent years. Herein, we report the subtle manipulation of the achiral spacers from the chiral stereocenter to the azobenzene (Azo) unit, of which the chiroptical consistency or chiroptical inversion of self-assemblies could be successfully controlled and present "two-fold" odd-even effect. Furthermore, morphological transitions from 0D spherical micelles, 1D worms, and nanowires to 3D vesicles, spindle- and dumbbell-shaped vesicles were also unexpectedly found to exhibit odd-even correlations. These observations were collectively elucidated by mesomorphic properties, stacking modes, chiroptical dynamics, and stimuli-responsive behaviors. Negligible modifications to the spacer structures can enable remarkable modulation of supramolecular chirality and anisotropic topologies in polymer assemblies, which is of great significance for the design of complex chiral functional polymers., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The construction of excellent photocatalysts for splitting water into hydrogen is highly desirable to realize carbon neutralization. In this work, an innovative and well-designed S-scheme photocatalyst composed of ultrathin ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) nanosheets uniformly anchored on the surface of organic semiconductor PDIIM is successfully fabricated. Within the heterojunction, perylene diimide with an imidazole group (PDIIM) is strategically applied as a structure template, which plays a crucial role in optimizing the morphology, increasing the active sites of sulfur vacancies, providing the additional photothermal effect, and promoting photogenerated charge separation of the catalyst. The photocatalytic H 2 generation rate of the ZIS/PDIIM heterojunction with an optimized mass ratio reaches up to 13.04 mmol/g/h, which is 2.64 times and 14.02 times higher than that of pristine ZIS and PDIIM, respectively. The outstanding photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the above advantages. Importantly, the photothermal effect induced by PDIIM belonging to the perylene diimide-based derivative was discovered to accelerate photocatalytic H 2 generation for the first time. This work provides valuable insight into the utilization of perylene diimide-based derivatives in the construction of multi-effect enhancement photocatalysts and their application in photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Acetylation is a highly conservative and reversible post-translational modification. Acetylation modification can regulate gene expression by altering protein function and is widely identified in an increasing number of species. Previously, the acetylated proteome of silkworm was identified by combining acetylated polypeptide enrichment with nano-HPLC/MS/MS; the identification revealed that the SP proteins (SPs) were high acetylated. In this study, the acetylation of SP1, one of the SPs, was further confirmed using immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting. Then, we found the acetylation could upregulate SP1 protein expression by enhancing the protein stability. Further research found that the acetylation of SP1 protein can competitively inhibit its ubiquitination and thus improve the stability and cell accumulation of SP1 protein by inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway. This result provides a basis for acetylation to regulate the nutrient storage and utilization of silkworm., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

While controlling the chirality and modulating the helicity is a challenging task, it attracts great research interest for gaining a better understanding of the origin of chirality in nature. Herein, structurally similar azobenzene (Azo) vinyl monomers were designed in which the alkyl chains comprised the chiral stereocenter with different achiral tail lengths. Combining the synchronous polymerization, supramolecular stacking and self-assembly, the multiple chiroptical inversion of the Azo-polymer supramolecular assemblies can be modulated by the tail length and DP of Azo blocks during in situ polymerization. The DP-, UV light-, temperature-, aging time-dependent chiroptical properties and liquid-crystalline (LC) characterization indicated that the amorphous-to-LC phase transition and biphasic LC interconversion allow the transcription of intra-chain π-π stacking, inter-chain H- and J-aggregation, thereby controlling the dynamic multiple reversal of supramolecular chirality., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Sequence-indexed insertional libraries are important resources for functional gene study in model plants. However, the maize ( Zea mays ) UniformMu library covers only 36% of the annotated maize genes. Here, we generated a new sequence-indexed maize Mutator insertional library named ChinaMu through high-throughput sequencing of enriched Mu -tagged sequences. A total of 2,581 Mu F2 lines were analyzed, and 311,924 nonredundant Mu insertion sites were obtained. Based on experimental validation, ChinaMu contains about 97,000 germinal Mu insertions, about twice as many as UniformMu. About two-thirds (66,565) of the insertions are high-quality germinal insertions (positive rate > 90%), 89.6% of which are located in genic regions. Furthermore, 45.7% (20,244) of the 44,300 annotated maize genes are effectively tagged and about two-thirds (13,425) of these genes harbor multiple insertions. We tested the utility of ChinaMu using pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) genes. For published PPR genes with defective kernel phenotypes, 17 out of 20 were tagged, 11 of which had the previously reported mutant phenotype. For 16 unstudied PPR genes with both Mu insertions and defective kernel phenotypes, 6 contained insertions that cosegregated with the mutant phenotype. Our sequence-indexed Mu insertional library provides an important resource for functional genomics study in maize., (© 2019 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.)

Although there are increasing reports showed a positive link between mitochondrial tRNACys G5821A mutation and mitochondrial diseases. However, its role remained controversial. In this paper, we took a comprehensive data analysis concerning this mutation and clinical diseases. Our data indicated that this mutation lacked an evolutionary conservation and did not get involved in the thermodynamic change of tRNACys gene. Therefore, based on these observations, we proposed that G5821A mutation is not deleterious mutation.