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We are moving in the global knowledge society, where organizations have to improve their knowledge assets in order to innovate and respond to a changing society. Higher education institutions are in the knowledge business where they are facing new provocations and they have to develop structures and processes to deal with the coming challenges. Within this framework, the development of a system based on the management of knowledge is likely to be a solution to lead them toward organizations, which have the ability to react intelligently and adapt to changing external conditions. Nevertheless, knowledge management in higher education is a new field, and experiments are just at a beginning in these organizations. This study has investigated the introduction of knowledge management into higher education, holding forth the development of a knowledge management environment based on collaboration technology as a possible solution for a more targeted and effective knowledge creation, sharing and transfer., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4115

Based on questioning the link between knowledge and amphorae, this paper consists of two distinct parts. The first part presents an expert system which is built to use in the Archeology field, highlighting the need for the knowledge systems to reveal knowledge of anthropology. With this expert system we try to categorize Protogeometric Era Amphorae. We define some of the basics for Protogeometric Amphorae characteristics to build our expert system. Then we present our Protogeometric Amphorae Classifier as a candidate expert system. The second part theorizes a knowledge amphorae perspective for knowledge science, musing in an academic metaphoric way about knowledge. With a switch from archeology, we draw upon a set of concepts derived from geophysics for this knowledge amphorae perspective. As a result of such perspective, conceptualizations of reflection and refraction for knowledge are also developed. While these two distinct parts that represent the different approaches of the contributing authors are discussed together, we hope to present the importance of knowledge in anthropology, as well as the importance of anthropological and geophysical knowledge for knowledge science., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4129

There are signs of a trend towards passing down knowledge about past technological innovation to future generations. With this in mind, this paper proposes an approach for archiving technological knowledge based on a methodology of knowledge integration and creation which was developed in Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. As a concrete example, the paper briefly introduces the archiving technique for technological innovation in a traditional craft industry in Japan., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4130

Tacit knowledge, especially individual tacit knowledge, plays a direct role in enabling an organization to attain a sustainable competitiveness. How to discern employee's tacit knowledge is a crucial step for an organization to cultivate, apply, and renew its core competency. As an inherent link with excellent performance, individual tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge which is hard to be expressed in words in certain situations. But tacit knowledge can be divided into general tacit knowledge and special tacit knowledge. In a pyramid model of individual tacit knowledge, it has such four levels as view of value, meta-cognition, middle skills, and professional skills. Furthermore the upper and the lower levels are different in stability, profession, and evaluation methods. Based upon the research of the structure of individual tacit knowledge, the paper explores such evaluation methods of individual tacit knowledge as questionnaires and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of tacit knowledge and give guidance on how to manage individual tacit knowledge effectively., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4128

The aim of this paper is to explain the process of sharing and applying of knowledge in reflective teacher education. Background of this paper is transformation of teacher's work. In modern society, teacher is defined as a routine worker. In contrast, teacher is recently defined as a knowledge worker, reflective practitioner or learner and so on. In this paper I focus on teacher as a reflective practitioner which is based on concept of Schön. This reflective process facilitates teachers to recognize their daily practice. In order to facilitate reflection and sharing or applying of knowledge, relationship between teachers is crucial factor. For example relationship of mentoring is important factor for reflective process. Because, mentor encourages novice teachers to recognize their practice and their culture which has influence to teacher's thinking. I describe a process of teacher education with the aim of developing teacher's capacity for curriculum development in order to explain these process and mechanism concretely. Through analyzing the case, I will show importance of a reflection and mentoring in teacher education., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4116

In this paper, a visualization system using the individual fluctuation on evaluation is introduced. The system equips the fuzzy correspondence analysis which quantifies relationships between evaluation objects and items. The system can visualize these locations and circles expressing the relative fuzziness of the fluctuation. We define a similarity measure between the evaluation objects and items, taking into account both of the distance and the relative fuzziness. The obtained similarity measure is utilized to determine ranking of objects under a given linguistic quantifier and several evaluation items such as adjectives. The effectiveness of the system is shown through analysis of the subjective evaluation about traditional craft of Ishikawa Prefecture., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4121

The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4112

It has become a topical and widely accepted argument that innovation is the key to revitalizing competitiveness of a country, company and university. As a graduate university having the School of Knowledge Science, and the School of Materials Science, we have organized to make “innovation studies” for Materials Science Laboratory, supported by Knowledge Science tools with collaboration of these two schools as 5 cross-disciplinary projects. Knowledge Science side has provided knowledge tools, and Materials Science side has applied them to produce more creative and innovative research systems and research findings.(trial to induce innovation) Principle of innovation has been explained by our model in this paper, based on the innovation portfolio strategy by Niwa's diagnosis model^4) (by prof. K.Niwa). Targets(subjects) of innovation for laboratory management have been examined based on the Schumpeter classification^7) 5 projects have been evaluated as proceeding level, the type by Niwa model and the subject by Schumpeter model. Finally, we would like to conclude for this type of cross-disciplinary research, that the open minded collaboration and forward-facing presentation of the results are inevitable., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4155

Operational optimization models are one of the main streams in modeling practices on energy systems. Agent-based modeling and simulations seems to be another rising stream in the field of modeling energy systems. In either optimization or agent-based modeling practices, technological change in energy systems is a very important and inevitable factor that modelers need to deal with. By introducing three modeling practices with a deliberately simplified energy system, this paper tries to explain how traditional optimization model, endogenous technological change optimization model, and agent-based model treat technological change differently and compares different philosophy underlying the three modeling practices and their advantages and disadvantages., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4156

In Japan, the 1990s are referred to as "the lost decade," during which companies could no longer expect sustainable growth in high-quality and mass production businesses through exclusive support of efficiency. Management approaches using technologies as competitive strength came to be desired, in addition to "MBA" education (human resource development of management executives that realizes corporate and project strategies). The necessity for MOT education has also been drastically affected by the historical background, and transformed. "MOT" education has been increasingly attracting attention in Japan, which advocates herself as built on intellectual property, unlike the old days. In fact, MOT incorporates "information" and "technology" as important management components as well as management resources: "human, development, and financial resources." It emphasizes that using technology as a great corporate strategy is a subject leading to the future era. Since our foundation, we have provided to clients technology-development support and new technologies as an information industry. All together, we studied in 2005 and 2006 to Monotsukuri Management Practice School (MMPS) of the University of Electro-Communications for further contribution to our customers. The expectation for MOT education through this participation is discussed in this report., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4154

The theme I would like to explore in this presentation concern the multiple linkages between knowledge, civil society, governance, and democracy. I will place this general set of questions into the context of whether or not the these linkages are co-determined by a an enabling knowledgeability of modern actors -- stressing growing chances of reflexive cooperation in civil society organizations, social movements and perhaps a growing influence of larger segments of society on democratic regimes. But my specific purpose has to be more modest. Access to and the command of knowledge is stratified. I will explore three of these barriers and hurdles of access to knowledge and ask: (1) Is it possible to reconcile expertise and civil society, (2) it is conceivable to reconcile civil society and knowledge as a private good; finally, I will ask, are the social sciences and the humanities a source of enabling knowledge? In an essay in the New York Review of Books (November 18, 2004, p. 38), the molecular biologist Richard Lewontin maintains that “the knowledge required for political rationality, once available to the masses, is now in the possession of a specially educated elite, a situation that creates a series of tensions and contradictions in the operation of representative democracy.” Has therefore the shared optimism by the Philosophers of the French Enlightenment, in particular of Condorcet about the role of knowledge not only in overcoming poverty, violence and ignorance but also in building a sustainable democratic society been destroyed (cf. Jones, 2004:16-63)? By the same token, the English chemistry Nobel laureate Harry Kroto in a recent opinion piece in the Guardian (May 22, 2007, Education 1-2) denounces the UK government for wrecking British science and science education. And all of this in the face the “need for a general population with a satisfactory understanding of science and technology [that] never has been greater.” Kroto who is now researching and teach, The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4100

The paper starts with a discussion of the concept of knowledge society, economy or civilization, while stressing possible different interpretations of several issues: the reasons of emergence of knowledge societies, the issue of perceiving knowledge as capacity of action versus perceiving it as intellectual heritage of humanity, the issue of public versus private ownership of knowledge as the source of the basic socio-economic conflict of the knowledge civilization era. In general, these differences of perception rely on different epistemic assumptions and axioms, even on different hermeneutical horizons. After these preliminary discussions, the paper proceeds to a short review of recent advancements in micro-theories of knowledge creation, in particular, related to the COE Program Technology Creation Based on Knowledge Science in JAIST. This is followed by comments on the role of technology in the knowledge civilisation era. Main attention is paid to the need for and a proposal of a new episteme for the knowledge civilisation era, called evolutionary constructive objectivism. The paper is concluded by indications of possible use of theories of knowledge creation in stimulating regional innovation., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4101

It can be said that the collaboration between industries and universities is a useful tool to make the university as the source of "Knowledge" activate the education and research and develop obtaining the trust of the society. In addition, it is one form for the collaboration between business and academia to make the best use of the education and the fruition of one's studies as the obligation of the university for "Social contribution", and it is important for the university to clarify their meaning of existence, and to obtain the understanding and support of the people through this collaboration activities. At the university, the coordinator being arranged by the organization is playing a center role of the support service for it. They contribute for the matting activities between research seeds of the university and needs of the industry. Though an actual matching activity shows infinite variety, success of matting between the research seeds of the university and needs of the industry are greatly depending on coordinator's judge ability and human network. In this research, first it shows and analyzes the coordinator's current situation regarding their matting activities, and then it newly proposes the macro analysis technique using text mining which is using researcher's thesis and the patent data of the enterprise to give a solution to coordinator for improving their difficult situation., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4134

A process model is described for reconstructing an individual's knowledge during the research and development of new technology by using six-lens interaction activities and management actions promoting it. It has a nested, or transformational, structure and three stages: awareness of issues, development of solutions, and “dialogical practice” of solutions. The second stage transcends and includes the first stage, and the third stage transcends and includes the first and second stages. Three interactions are evident in the third stage: between the subject lens and object lens, between the past lens and future lens, and between the analog lens and digital lens. The model was tested through a case study of a research team working for a Japanese electronics manufacturer. A modified grounded theory approach revealed five knowledge reconstruction factors, four lens functions for activating dialogical practice, and six management actions for promoting knowledge reconstruction. Two knowledge reconstruction factors are evident in the first stage: producing conflict and/or contradiction and resetting subject boundary. In addition, managers tend to create chaos in order to produce conflict and/or contradiction. Managers also tend to encourage heterogeneous information sharing, road-mapping, organizing and networking with other research and business teams, and assessing the potential of the technology in order to reset the subject boundary. Three additional knowledge reconstruction factors are evident in the second stage: expansion of viewing field, creation of new connection among technological concepts, and transformation of individual beliefs. Managers tend to present research goals abstractly to promote expansion of the viewing field. They also tend to encourage heterogeneous information sharing to promote the creation of new connection among technological concepts. All the knowledge reconstruction factors are evident in the third stage. In addition, an activation object le, The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4139

Now knowledge has become the most important resource of enterprises. Process-oriented knowledge management (POKM) is a new and valuable research field. It may be the most practical method to deal with difficulties in knowledge management. The paper analyzes background, hypothesis and proposes of POKM, define the process knowledge, and give a process-oriented knowledge management model. The model integrates knowledge, process, human, and technology. It can improve the decision support capability and the adaptability of business process., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4140

In this paper, we focus on the cooperation and relations of research topics and researchers who are doing technology creation in academia, technology development in industry and policy making in government. We address Road Mapping Approach (RMA), which is used successfully in industry for technology development, as data collection and analysis methods to support scientific research of technology development in research fields such as materials science, information science, etc., for helping researchers find new interests, new research topics, and also promoting cooperation among industry, university and government., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4135

Automatic domain knowledge extraction is one of the key problems in text processing. To construct an effective domain word relationship network is important to text mining, text clustering and text information retrieving. A segmentation algorithm based on famous Apriori algorithm is issued and then a new construction model of domain word relationship network is proposed to organize domain words occurred in the same context with human memory principle. Some experiment results show that this model can extract domain words and construct their relationships from a great deal of domain documents effectively., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4137

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of intrinsic motivation of R&D researchers for knowledge sharing within an R&D organization using statistical analysis. We mainly focused on and analyzed individuals who participate in basic or applied research, because study of knowledge sharing should begin with the individual. A questionnaire survey of 398 R&D researchers was conducted in the R&D laboratory of a Japanese Electronics Manufacturing Company. The analysis showed that intrinsic motivation greatly enhanced knowledge contribution as a part of functions for knowledge sharing, more than extrinsic satisfaction of the R&D researchers. From these findings, we inferred an important role of intrinsic motivation in sharing knowledge within an R&D organization., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/4142

This article invites readers to the conversation and action that nurture and maintain the continuity of Nonaka’s foundation work and make innovation upon it in order to develop JAIST into an outstanding intellectual school of thought., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

This article presents some modern philosophical reasons that lay behind the introduction of the concept of the hermeneutical horizon to explain scientific change; cf. [1], chapter 17. These reasons reveal arbitrariness of sociological variabilism following from its elimination of the objective intellectual factors, essential in knowledge creation., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Knowledge visualization (KV) is an emerging field, which is firstly disciplinary proposed by Eppler in 2004. The main concern of KV research is not the mere convey of facts, but the transfer of people's insights, experiences, attitudes, values, expectations, perspectives, opinions and predictions, and enables someone else to re-construct, remember and apply these insights correctly. In the collaborative problem-solving process, to achieve smooth and efficient communication among the participants, knowing how others arrive at the conclusion is even more important than the conclusion itself. Several related KV methods of helping express people's thinking are introduced in this paper, and based on the discussion of these methods' limitations, a TPO (Thinking Process Organization) framework for reconstructing people's thinking process is proposed from a new dimension., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

This is a case study of the implementation of a "hospital call center", of which there are few examples in Japan. The aim of our study is to present implications that lead to successful medical service management by analyzing, from the perspective of knowledge management, how call centers are linked to the provision of medical services and improved operations, and also by analyzing the functions that they provide., The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html, Proceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN], Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

This paper presents an agent-based approach to identification of prediction models in two-dimensional data spaces. A number of agents are sent to the two-dimensional data space that people want to investigate. At the micro-level, every agent tries to build a local linear model by competing with others, and then at the macro-level all surviving agents build the global model by cooperating with each other. And a genetic algorithm is introduced for improving the global model built by the agents. Two examples that apply this approach are given. The advantages of this approach are it does not need people to give a certain formula in advance; and most of time, it can give more precise prediction models than those given by traditional methods., identifier:https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10119/5026