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Objective: To compare adverse effects between labial and lingual orthodontic treatments through a systematic review of the literature. Materials and Methods: The protocol of this systematic review (CRD42012002455) was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, SIGLE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and ClinicalTrial.gov for articles published between January 1980 and December 2012. Primary outcomes included pain and caries; secondary outcomes were eating difficulty, speech difficulty, oral hygiene, and treatment duration. Meta-analyses were conducted in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.064. Results: Six studies were included, two randomized controlled trials and four clinical controlled trials; of these, four were medium quality and two were low quality in terms of the risk of bias. Five of the six outcomes were evaluated in the included studies, and treatment duration was not; pain, eating difficulty, speech difficulty were statistically pooled. Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled odds ratios were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-4.87) for overall pain, 32.24 (95% CI = 14.13-73.55) for pain in tongue, 0.08 (95% CI = 0.04-0.18) for pain in cheek, 0.11 (95% CI = 0.03-0.42) for pain in lip, 3.59 (95% CI = 1.85-6.99) for eating difficulty, and 8.61 (95% CI = 3.55-20.89) for speech difficulty. Sensitivity analysis showed consistent results except for eating difficulty. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: The likelihood of overall pain was similar between the two modalities. Patients who underwent lingual orthodontic treatment were more likely to suffer from pain in the tongue and less likely to suffer from pain in the cheek and lip. Lingual orthodontic treatment increased the likelihood of speech difficulty. Eating difficulty, oral hygiene, caries, and treatment duration could not be compared in this systematic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 1-year 11-month-old girl fell from a sofa (75 cm in height) while brushing her teeth. The article discusses that the improvement of the longitudinal emphysema was confirmed by CT performed 8 days after the injury; and also confirmed the absence of additional injury and complications, including the lack of any cerebral infarction, dissection, or thrombus in the head and neck arteries and veins.

Aim of the study: To determine the distribution and frequency of T(CD3) cells and cell sub-populations in tissue specimens of erosive lichen planus (EOLP). Material and Method: Tissue specimens from buccal mucosa were taken from 14 healthy individuals -- control group (CG) -- and 17 subjects with EF-OLP. Applying monoclonal antibodies, T(CD3) cells, T cell subpopulations, The CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratios in both groups were determined. Cells in the epithelium and lamina propria were quantitatively and qualitatively determined in both groups. Data were analysed using the Student's t-test. Results: There were 5.95 ± 2.12% T(CD3) cells in the control group as against 9.80 ± 4.04% in the examined group (p < 0.001). The distribution of T(CD3) cells in the lamina propria was 25.35 ± 12.04% in the examined group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). There were 3.45 ± 2.05% CD4 epithelial cells in the control group and 4.00 ± 1.95% in the examined group (p < 0.4). There were 2.50 ± 1.8% CD8 cells in the control group and 5.80 ± 3.72% in the examined group (p < 0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.51 ± 0.12% in the examined group and it was evidently reduced in comparison with the control group. An increased distribution of CD4 cells (10.30 ± 7.60%) and CD8 cells (15.05 ± 5.20%) in the lamina propria compared with the epithelium was observed in the examined group (p < 0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio in the epithelium was 0.51 ± 0.12% as against the ratio of the lamina propria, which was slightly increased (0.68 ± 0.48%) with a low statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Differences in the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets between the control and examined groups were found (p < 0.001). An increased distribution and frequency of CD4 and CD8 cells in the lamina propria was observed. These were predominantly located in the sub-basal region of the stratum papillare and rarely seen in the intra-epithelial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a 2-year old boy with consanguineous parents who recently emigrated from India and presented with oral ulcers and lymphadenopathy. He also had a history of recurrent fevers, polyarticular arthritis, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. Infectious workup revealed herpes simplex virus 1 viremia and radiological evaluation revealed osteopenia and erosions involving multiple joints. We describe the immunologic and genetic evaluation of this patient and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to an infant with recurrent fevers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims. Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic gram-negative spiral organism. It is recognized as the etiologic factor for peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Recently, it has been isolated from dental plaque and the dorsum of the tongue. This study was designed to assess the association between H. pylori and oral lesions such as ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and primary lymphoma. Materials and methods. A total of 228 biopsies diagnosed as oral ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral primary lymphoma were selected from the archives of the Pathology Department. Thirty-two samples that were diagnosed as being without any pathological changes were selected as the control group. All the paraffin blocks were cut for hematoxylin and eosin staining to confirm the diagnoses and then the samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry staining. Data were collected and analyzed. Results. Chi-squared test showed significant differences between the frequency of H. pylori positivity in normal tissue and the lesions were examined (P=0.000). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions examined (P=0.042). Chi-squared test showed significant differences between H. pylori positivity and different tissue types except inside the muscle layer as follows: in epithelium and in lamina propria (P=0.000), inside the blood vessels (P=0.003), inside the salivary gland duct (P=0.036), and muscle layer (P=0.122). Conclusion. There might be a relation between the presence of H. pylori and oral lesions. Therefore, early detection and eradication of H. pylori in high-risk patients are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: To gain an understanding of head and neck mucosal premalignant recurrence and progression based on histology, treatment modality, and risk factors. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: Patients who were followed or treated for oral cavity dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Main outcomes measures: Comparisons with clinical features, degree of dysplasia, anatomical location, rate of recurrences as well as malignant transformation and overall outcome were made. Results: Of the 136 patients who were included in the study, 20% (n =27) initially presented with mild dysplasia, 39% (n =53) with moderate dysplasia, 21% (n =29) with severe dysplasia, and 20% (n =27) with carcinoma in situ. Wide local excision (HR 0.54, p =0.05) was associated with reduced local recurrence in comparison to observation. In comparison to observation, both wide local excision (HR 0.43, p =0.04) and CO2/NO Yag laser treatment (HR 0.14, p =0.02) of dysplastic lesions significantly reduced progression to cancer. Management of mild dysplasia included observation (n =13), excision (n =10) and laser therapy (n =3). Six of the 13 observed patients suffered a premalignancy recurrence, whereas only 4 of the 13 patients who underwent excision/laser treatment experienced a recurrence. Similarly, 5/13 observed patients eventually progressed to malignancy in comparison to only 2/13 patients who underwent initial excision/laser treatment. Conclusion: Wide excision and/or ablation of head and neck mucosal premalignancy is more effective than observation in preventing recurrence of premalignancy and progression to malignancy. Mild dysplasia has a potentially high rate of recurrence and progression to malignancy when observed, and may be treated by wide excision or ablation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological survey was to assess the prevalence of oral trauma in athletes representing 25 countries competing at the most recent Para- Pan American Games ( III PARAPAN) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board. The examiners participated in standardization and calibration training sessions before the field phase began. Invitations were sent to >1200 participating athletes competing in eight sports and to the Medical Committee of the Para- Pan American Sports Organization before and during the III PARAPAN. A convenience sample of 120 athletes was recruited. After signing an informed consent, all athletes answered a questionnaire. Data were collected at the clinical examination and recorded in a specific trauma form. The mean age of the athletes was 32.5 years. Males comprised 79.2% of the sample; females 20.8%. The prevalence of oral trauma among the athletes was 47.5% ( N = 57). However, only 15 athletes reported that these traumatic injuries were sports-related. The sport with the highest prevalence of oral trauma was judo (75%); the least was volleyball with no reported traumatic injuries. The most common traumatic injury was enamel fracture (27.4%). The teeth most affected were the maxillary permanent central incisors ( N = 19), followed by the maxillary premolars ( N = 8). On the basis of the results of this study of oral trauma among athletes examined at the III PARAPAN, a recommendation for enhanced educational efforts and the use of properly fitted mouthguards to prevent traumatic injuries among high-performance athletes with disabilities seems warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmoplastic fibroblastoma is a rare, benign, soft tissue tumour. To our knowledge, six cases of Desmoplastic fibroblastoma in the oral cavity have been described so far, all with a sessile clinical configuration. Here, we describe the seventh case of oral Desmoplastic fibroblastoma, the first one presenting as a pedunculated nodule. A 56-year-old female sought care for evaluation of a nodule on the palate. No radiographic changes were noted. Excision of the lesion was performed and microscopic examination revealed a fibroblastic proliferation in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for vimentin and some positive cells for a-smooth muscle actin and factor XIIIa, confirming the diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma. This paper expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations of oral Desmoplastic fibroblastoma and demonstrates that this lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of pedunculated intra-oral lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief Background: Foreign bodies in the oral cavity are not an unusual finding in our dental practice. They may be inserted or deposited in the oral cavity by trauma or iatrogenic injury. Foreign bodies can pose a great diagnostic challenge unless a detailed history, thorough clinical examination and good quality diagnostic radiographs are made. The article presents a retrospective analysis of a series of cases of foreign bodies and their management. Materials and Methods: The foreign bodies which were mostly asymptomatic were diagnosed on a routine radiograph and removed. Discussion: Often, foreign bodies are detected as an incidental finding on the radiograph. The management of foreign bodies is often a surgical challenge due to difficulty in its localization. To prevent serious complications, foreign bodies should be detected and managed in time. Summary and Conclusions: All the radiographs should be carefully screened for the presence of unusual foreign bodies. This may help the patient a great deal as well as the clinician in the proper diagnosis and treatment of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A 2-bottle preference paradigm assessed capsaicin avoidance following nerve injury. [•] Constriction but not partial ligation of mental nerves enhanced capsaicin avoidance. [•] Mental nerve constriction increased Fos expression in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Wound healing is an important aspect of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Positive sensory signs (allodynia, hyperalgesia) and negative sensory signs (hypoesthesia, hypoalgesia) may be encountered. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) has moved from bench to bedside for the detection, therapy selection and monitoring the recovery of individuals with sensory disturbances. Tracking somatosensory changes during normal and abnormal wound healing has not previously been reported. This report presents data obtained by a novel, automated, non-contact psychophysical method for assessment of wound sensitivity after standardized oral mucosal biopsy. By directing graded air puffs towards palatal biopsy wounds, thresholds for sensory detection, pain detection and pain tolerance were repeatedly assessed across 19 days, demonstrating high reliability. Participants recorded daily spontaneous and chewing-evoked maximum pains. Pain detection and tolerance thresholds increased linearly across time. Comparison between air puff evoked pain detection threshold and chewing-evoked pain demonstrated a strong correlation. Thus, for the first time, this study tracked the time course of somatosensory sensitivity of wounds induced by oral biopsies. The psychophysical data on wound healing obtained by this automated, contact-free stimulation method can be utilized as a surrogate marker for clinical pain improvements and standardized assessment of intraoral pain sensitivity, for example in oral mucositis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Injuries can occur anywhere and anytime in physical education. Physical educators should do all they can to prevent injuries from occurring and must be prepared for such an occurrence. Many physical educators have limited knowledge about how to respond to injury and emergency situations. The purpose of this article is to provide information for dealing with minor injuries and emergencies that commonly occur in physical education or activity-based settings. The situations addressed in this article include managing open and closed wounds, eye and mouth injuries, nosebleeds, concussions, strains and sprains, heat-related illness, and existing conditions (diabetes and seizures). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present report describes a case of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS), a rare benign condition. A patient with LHS develops acquired melanotic pigmentation of the lips and buccal mucosa, often with pigmentation of the nails occurring. No systemic symptoms are associated with this syndrome. Normally, no treatment is required for this condition, unless for aesthetic reason, mainly due to pigmentation on the lip mucosa. We present a case of LHS, 37-year-old female, whose pigmentations on her lip and in the oral cavity were treated with an Er:YAG laser. At the postoperative 12th month followup, the lesions recurred. The effects of any surgical attempt to treat pigmentations associated with LHS were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Recently, it has been reported that mouth guards (MGs), which reduce the incidence and severity of traumatic oral injuries in contact sports, may actually affect sports performance. We have observed that a majority of subjects showed improved dynamic visual acuity during head rotation when using a MG, but subjects who were unwilling to use a MG showed the opposite effect. Thus, we hypothesized that unpleasant sensations due to MGs may decrease sports performance. Methods: In this study, we measured autonomic nervous system activity to evaluate unpleasant sensations objectively and quantitatively by measuring the pupillary flash response (PFR) and heart rate variability (HRV), before, during, and after wearing 3- and 5-mm-thick custom-made MGs in 10 healthy subjects. Results: It was found that the 5-mm MG had a higher incidence of unpleasant sensations (50% of subjects) than did the 3-mm MG (10%). PFR (not HRV) analysis showed that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities increased in subjects with unpleasant sensations. Conclusions: We suggest that the unpleasant sensation induced this unusual autonomic nervous system response, which could not be detected by traditional methods such as HRV analysis. By using PFR analysis, it is possible to make MGs without unpleasant sensations for better sports performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents an abstract on the possibility of child abuse in patients showing signs of intraoral trauma and that the dentist should learn to recognize these signs and report it to the state child protection authorities.

In all 50 states, physicians and dentists are required to report suspected cases of abuse and neglect to social service or law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this report is to review the oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect and the role of physicians and dentists in evaluating such conditions. This report addresses the evaluation of bite marks as well as perioral and intraoral injuries, infections, and diseases that may be suspicious for child abuse or neglect. Physicians receive minimal training in oral health and dental injury and disease and, thus, may not detect dental aspects of abuse or neglect as readily as they do child abuse and neglect involving other areas of the body. Therefore, physicians and dentists are encouraged to collaborate to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Current literature states that dental medicine can have an important role in diagnosing situations of domestic violence, namely cases of intimate partner violence, since many of the injuries that occur in this context concern the head and neck areas. The aim of this study was to characterize oral injuries in these cases in a Portuguese population, and to determine the kind of permanent consequences that they might represent. Material and methods: 332 forensic reports of domestic violence survivors were analysed. The reports concerned examinations performed in the North Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine of Portugal in 2007. Reports were assessed in order to obtain data regarding victim and offender demographic characteristics, and to characterize the nature and number of sustained injuries and their permanent consequences. Main results: Most victims were females with a mean age of 33.7 years; the most frequent offender was the spouse; the majority of oral injuries affected soft tissues; permanent body consequences were found mainly in the teeth and periodontal tissues; permanent functional consequences were described as chewing difficulties, feeling pain or soft tissue mobility changes; permanent consequences for life activities referred mostly to social life aspects. Conclusions: Oral injuries and their consequences were observed in 13.4% of intimate partner violence cases, and though being suggestive of this kind of violence, oral injuries alone are insufficient to identify this kind of abuse, and additional diagnostic criteria and evidence should be used. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of cultured autologous oral keratinocyte suspension in fibrin glue on the healing of surgically produced oral mucosal wounds was assessed in the rabbit model. Using the light microscope and a digital image analysis system, the epithelization parameters (marginal epithelization and percentage of wound re-epithelization) were measured in haematoxylin–eosin stained sections of the wound area and compared with those of wounds treated with fibrin glue alone and untreated ones. The epithelization was significantly higher in keratinocytes plus fibrin glue-treated wounds on postoperative days 3 and 7. No significant differences were observed on postoperative day 1, when the healing process had just begun, and on postoperative day 14, when re-epithelization was completed or nearly completed in all groups. The inflammatory infiltration of the wounded mucosa was weakest in keratinocyte-treated wounds and strongest in untreated wounds. In conclusion, suspension of cultured autologous oral keratinocytes in fibrin glue significantly accelerates oral wound healing in the rabbit model and could be beneficial in the treatment of oral wounds in patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Since child abuse and neglect are serious conditions which can potentially lead to inappropriate dental health, we conducted this qualitative study to define the factors influencing child abuse and neglect, which lead to oro-facial lesions. Materials and Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by social services employees. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants to capture a range of experiences such as the physical abuse, sexual abuse, role of family in child abuse, age, and gender. Results: Participants demonstrated a range of perceptions which lead to child abuse including hitting on the head and slapping. Often subsidiary to this view, several factors were mentioned that occasionally influenced child abuse. These factors appeared to be idiosyncratic but could be drawn together into three categories: Cultural lacks which includes poverty, cruelty of parents and addiction, psychological disorders, and separation in the family which was seen in most of the children. Conclusion: This study has identified a variety of factors influencing the incidence of child abuse. Therefore, dentists should meticulously pay attention to children who have these risk factors in order to discover child abuse events. Quantitative research would reveal the extent of these factors. Dentists' knowledge of their roles in managing cases suffering from abuse might need to be assessed to see if dentists need further education in this important area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study was undertaken to analyze the histopathological findings of oral discoid lupus erythematosus with conventional light microscopy for early diagnosis of the oral lesions that would aid in prompt treatment. Objectives: To find out the predominant age, sex, site and clinical features of oral discoid lupus erythematosus. To study the histopathological features of oral discoid lupus erythematosus. To study the alterations of basement membrane changes of oral discoid lupus erythematosus. Materials and Methods: Our study consisted 21 cases of diagnosed DLE with oral lesions. A detailed clinical proforma was used for thorough clinical examination and light microscopy was used for histopathological study of the incisional biopsy specimens. Statistical Analysis Used: The lesions were diagnosed on the histopathological criteria given by Gisslen et al. and was statistically analyzed using the Chi square test. Results: In the present study 9.52% patients had only oral lesions, while 90.47% patients had oral lesions along with skin lesions with the most common site of oral involvement being labial mucosa (76.19%), vermillion border (71.42%) and buccal mucosa (42.85%). On clinical examination, white spots were present in 28.6%, ulcers in 19% and central erythema in 52.4% lesions. Histopathologically, atrophy was observed in 66.66% cases, acanthosis in 66.66% and acanthosis alternating with atrophy in 33.33% cases along with the basement membrane appearing thin and homogenous in 66.7% and partially destroyed in 81% cases with Periodic Acid Schiff stain. Conclusions: Thus, from this study it was found that a diagnosis of oral discoid lupus erythematosus was based on the combination of clinical and histopathological findings. Thus the dentist may be in an important position to establish the diagnosis with the aid of clinical and histopathological findings before the cutaneous lesions become apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This article describes a case series of oral and oropharyngeal impalement injuries in pediatric patients and highlights the peculiar etiological role of the rural environment. Study design: The records of nine pediatric patients who presented with oropharyngeal impalement injuries were reviewed. The patients were all from various rural areas of South Africa. The article focuses on the challenges and risk of post-impalement injury infection in the context of a rural environment. Results: There were eight boys and one girl. The ages of the study participants ranged from 2 to 10 years. Object-to-head injury was the predominant etiopathogenic mechanism (six cases) compared with head-to-object injury (three cases). Six out of nine lesions were shallow. The hard palate was the single most commonly affected site. Two cases (2/9) of post-impalement injury infection were recorded. Conclusion: Although the risk of infection post-oropharyngeal impalement injury is reported to be low, it remains, however, a legitimate concern in cases occurring in the rural environment. The specific challenges in terms of health infrastructures in the rural environment, especially in developing countries, may have an impact on the ways oropharyngeal impalement injuries are managed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the epidemiology and clinical history of oral piercing injuries presenting to US hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods: A retrospective analysis of oral piercing injuries was performed using patient injury data collected from 2002 through 2008 using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. National estimates of ED visits were analyzed by injury type, anatomic site, and mechanism of injury according to age, gender, and race. Results: An estimated 24,459 oral piercing injuries presented to US EDs during the 7-year period. The male:female ratio for ED visits was 1:2.6. Patients 14- to 22-years-old accounted for 73%, of the ED visits. Injuries to the lips (46%), tongue (42%), and teeth (10%) predominated. Infections (42%) and soft tissue puncture wounds (29%,) caused injury most commonly. Thirty-nine percent of ED visits resulted from patients' inability to remove mucosally overgrown oral piercings. Hospitalization was rarely required (<1%). Conclusions: Oral piercing injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments ore most prevalent in teenagers and young adults. National data indicates that dentists working in emergency departments should be prepared to manage oral hard and soft tissue complications caused by oral piercings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's policy on the prevention of sports-related injuries to the mouth and face. It states that 10-39 percent of all dental injuries in children are sports-related, with children between the ages of seven and 11 years being the most susceptible to sports-related oral injuries. It mentions that the use of mandatory protective equipment is demonstrated to significantly reduce dental and facial injuries. It comments that the upper lip, maxilla, and maxillary incisors are affected by the majority of sport-related dental and orofacial injuries. It talks about problems children can have with properly-fitted mouth-guards due to the exfoliation of primary teeth and the eruption of permanent teeth.

Advances in research on potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity are leading to earlier diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and enhanced follow-up. Knowledge of the terminology associated with these lesions and the clinical warning signs facilitates communication between clinicians, their patients, and other specialists. Upon discovery of a potentially malignant lesion, the clinician should initiate the appropriate investigation, including patient history, biopsy, and histological examination, which will provide a diagnosis associated with the probability of disease progression. Many factors need to be considered when determining the treatment modality such as the extent of the lesion, location in a high-risk site, the reliability of the patient for follow-up visits, history of previous oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, habits such as tobacco use, and systemic issues such as immunosuppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the correlation of Doc-1- and S100A7-gene expression in common oral lesions with their cancerous-transformation risk. Biopsies ( n == 15 each) of healthy gingiva, irritation fibromas, leukoplakias and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) were obtained, and after RNA-extraction, transcripts of Doc-1 and S100A7 were quantified by RT-PCR. In comparison with the healthy gingiva, the expression of Doc-1 was decreased, whereas the expression of S100A7 was upregulated in all lesions. As the extent of Doc-1-inactivation and S100A7-overexpression is correlated with their biological behavior, the combined investigation of both genes could be a promising marker in intraoral lesions to estimate the risk for their malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The oral mucosa is frequently involved by autoimmune bullous diseases and often this is the first site of manifestation. In this site the lesions are very similar, making the clinical diagnosis difficult; therefore, the definition of the immunohistopathologic characteristics of each one becomes essential for a differential diagnosis. The authors review the clinical-pathological and therapeutic aspect of these oral injuries in order to help in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the oral conditions of those diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Aetiology of oral and maxillofacial injuries in this country includes motorvehicle accident (MVA), fall, industrial accidents and others. Among these causes, MVA accident is the predominant cause of injury in Malaysia. Materials and methods: A retrospective record review was carried out using hospital records of all patients who sustained oral and maxillofacial injury at the Department of Oral Surgery, Seremban Hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia between 1998 and 2002. Information related to demographics, aetiology of trauma, vehicles involved in collision, location of injuries and treatment modalities were reviewed. Results: Two thousand nine hundred and eighty-six patients sustained oral and maxillofacial injuries. Of these patients, 79.2% were men and the remaining were women. Among all the races, Malays had the highest involvement (50.6%) followed by Indians (24.5%), Chinese (19.6%) and others (5.3%). There were statistically significant results on the association of aetiology and the ethnic groups, in the age group of 30 years or less and male gender ( P < 0.001). The most common injury was the soft-tissue injury followed by dental and dentoalveolar injuries and bony fracture. Among all facial fractures, 66.3% were managed conservatively, 13% were treated surgically and 19.7% did not have any intervention. In relation to dental and dentoalveolar injuries, 64.8% had treatment in the form of splinting, restorations or dental extraction. The rest of the patients (35.2%) were referred to their dentists or did not have any active treatment at Seremban Hospital. Conclusion: Most of the dental and facial injuries in Seremban Hospital were caused by MVA and were predominantly managed using conservative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 96-102 Oral mucosal lesions can result from irritation caused by orthodontic appliances or malocclusion, but their frequency is not known. To examine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions in wearers of orthodontic appliances in comparison to children with malocclusion. This study comprised 111 subjects: 60 wearers of orthodontic appliances and 51 controls (aged between 6 and 18 years). Type and severity of mucosal lesions, their topography, gingival inflammation, and oral hygiene status were determined by using clinical indices. Mucosal lesions were more present in wearers of orthodontic appliances than in children with malocclusion. Gingival inflammation, erosion, ulceration, and contusion were the most common findings in orthodontic patients. The severity of gingival inflammation was in correlation with oral hygiene status; the poorer oral hygiene, the more severe gingival inflammation was. Better oral hygiene status was found in children during orthodontic treatment than in children with malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment carries a higher risk of mucosal lesions and implies greater awareness of better oral hygiene as shown by the results of this study. Oral hygiene instructions and early treatment of oral lesions are important considerations in better patient's motivation, treatment planning, and successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune intraepithelial blistering disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. Oral mucosa is frequently affected in patients with PV, and oral lesions may be the first sign of the disease in majority of patients. In some patients, oral lesions may also be followed by skin involvement. Therefore, timely recognition and therapy of oral lesions is critical as it may prevent skin involvement. Early oral lesions of PV are, however, often regarded as difficult to diagnose, since the initial oral lesions may be relatively nonspecific, manifesting as superficial erosions or ulcerations, and rarely presenting with the formation of intact bullae. Lesions may occur anywhere on the oral mucosa including gingiva; however; desquamtive gingivitis is less common with PV than other mucocutaneous conditions such as pemphigoid or lichen planus. This paper describes the case of a patient presenting with a one-year history of painful gingival, who is finally diagnosed as having PV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Dental Science / Arquivos em Odontologia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orofacial injuries resulting from violence are a fairly common event. In Portugal, however, the impact of these injuries remains to be elucidated. This study aims to analyze the injuries and permanent consequences of orofacial trauma (in a three-dimensional perspective: organic, functional and situational), resulting from violence. To do so, a retrospective analysis of all violence-related forensic reports performed in the North Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine, during 2007, was carried out ( n = 513). It was found that most victims were men with a mean age of 35.4 (SD = 15.1). Most aggressions were due to punches and/or kicks. The most frequent orofacial injuries were lip injuries (57.7%), followed by extra-oral soft tissue injuries (35.9%), gingival and oral mucosa injuries (29.2%), and teeth and/or periodontal injuries (17.5%). The most frequent long-term consequences concerned the teeth and periodontal area (14.0%), followed by the lip area (7.4%), and gingival and oral mucosa tissues (3.9%). In terms of the effect on functions and life situations, it was found that chewing and embarrassment in social life events were the most prevalent (43.6% and 83.6%, respectively). These results showed that orofacial trauma from violence-related events can damage a person's quality of life, especially those concerning the teeth area, as a result of their implications in normal function and in life situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although overlap syndrome is frequently encountered in rheumatology practice, only a few cases of coexisting Behçet's disease and ankylosing spondylitis have been reported in the literature. Thus, in this article, we aimed to present a 55-year-old male patient with coexisting Behçet's disease and ankylosing spondylitis who had HLA-B5 positivity, HLA-B27 negativity, and oral and genital lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's (AAPD) policy concerning the prevention of sports-related orofacial injuries. It states sports-related accidents account for between 10 and 39 percent of all childhood dental injuries with children between the ages of seven and 11 years being at the greatest risk of injury. It mentions that a review of medical and dental literature from 1990 to 2010 reveals that dental and orofacial injuries regularly occur with injury rates varying depending on sample size, participant age, and geographic location. It comments that the upper lip, maxilla, and maxillary incisors suffer the majority of sports-related dental and orofacial injuries. It gives a policy statement by the AAPD concerning preventative practices for sports injuries.

Abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTF), a methylxanthine derivative, has therapeutic use as an antifibrotic agent. In vitro, PTF inhibits the production of collagen and reduces the proliferation of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the elasticity of hypertrophic scars in the peribuccal area in burned patients, who presented with mouth-opening limitation. Eighteen patients were divided into two groups. The case group (n =10) was treated with PTF 1mgml−1, while in the control group (n =8) no treatment was performed. Measurements of mouth opening (lip-to-lip and tooth-to-tooth distances in mm) were taken, before and after five therapeutic sessions with pentoxifylline with weekly intervals. The variations of these measures (Δ%) were calculated and submitted to statistical analyses. There was a significant improvement in the opening of the mouth, in vermilion distance (V =3.20mm) as much as the dental distance (DD=4.19mm) in the treated group, than in the control group. It was noted that pentoxifylline increases the elasticity of hypertrophic scars in the perioral area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To elucidate the details of impalement injuries of the oral soft tissue in children caused by toothbrush, we present a clinico-statistical study of those encountered in a single institution. Patients and methods: Children below 13 years old, who visited our oral surgery clinic with the complaint of an impalement injury of oral soft tissue from December of 2001 to August of 2008, were included. Results: Among two hundred and thirty oral soft tissue injuries, toothbrush (73 cases) was the most frequent object, followed by a stick-like object (51 cases) and eating utensils (27 cases). In toothbrush injuries, the 1-year-olds were most affected and the frequency in boys and girls was 30 cases and 43 cases, respectively. Soft palate (31 cases) was the most frequent site, followed by buccal mucosa (17 cases) and gingiva (7 cases). All of the injuries occurred when the children were in standing position and a fall was the most frequent cause (p <0.01). Most injuries occurred between 21:00 and 24:00 (35 cases) followed by 18:00 to 21:00 (23 cases). In cases with a laceration that was larger than 10mm (26 cases), 7 cases were hospitalized the next day for advanced infection. Conclusion: Toothbrush was the most frequent object responsible for impalement injuries. Caution must be taken while managing a toothbrush injury with a wide laceration to avoid advanced infection. To prevent toothbrush injuries, we recommend that children should use a toothbrush in sitting position. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to establish a clear diagnosis of a lesion in order to clarify a clinical diagnostic suspicion. During a biopsy procedure it is fundamental to maintain safe and readable cut margins in order to permit histological visualization of possible marginal infiltrations or malignant transformation of a lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological peripheral damage caused by application of a KTP (potassium titanium phosphate) laser during oral soft tissue biopsy procedures. A KTP laser (lambda 532 nm) at different power settings and fluences was used to obtain 45 samples from pig cadaver tongues. The samples were then subdivided into five groups of nine samples each. A final specimen was taken by scalpel as a control. All samples were put into test tubes containing 10% buffered formalin solution, and were examined separately under an optical microscope by two pathologists to evaluate the peripheral thermal damage induced by the laser. In all specimens the cut edges of the incision were free from histological artefacts, especially when lower settings were applied. Statistical analysis showed no differences among the groups. The KTP laser demonstrated surgical effectiveness and caused little peripheral damage to the cut edges, and therefore would always allow a safe histological diagnosis to be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kwon DH, Bisch FC, Herold RW, Pompe C, Bastone P, Rodriguez NA, Susin C, Wikesjö UM. Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following application of rhGDF-5 in a β-TCP/PLGA carrier in critical-size supra-alveolar periodontal defects in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 667–674. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01569.x. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant human GDF-5 (rhGDF-5) construct intended for onlay and inlay indications on periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Methods: Contralateral, surgically created, critical-size, 6-mm, supra-alveolar periodontal defects in five adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs received rhGDF-5 coated onto β-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) particles and immersed in a bioresorbable poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite or the β-TCP/PLGA carrier alone (control). The rhGDF-5 and control constructs were moulded around the teeth and allowed to set. The gingival flaps were then advanced; flap margins were adapted 3–4 mm coronal to the teeth and sutured. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery when block biopsies were collected for histometric analysis. Results: Healing was generally uneventful. A few sites exhibited minor exposures. Three control sites and one rhGDF-5 site (in separate animals) experienced more extensive wound dehiscencies. The rhGDF-5 and control constructs were easy to apply and exhibited adequate structural integrity to support the mucoperiosteal flaps in this challenging onlay model. Limited residual β-TCP particles were observed at 8 weeks for both rhGDF-5/ β-TCP/PLGA and β-TCP/PLGA control sites. The rhGDF-5/ β-TCP/PLGA sites showed significantly greater cementum (2.34 ± 0.44 versus 1.13 ± 0.25 mm, p=0.02) and bone (2.92 ± 0.66 versus 1.21 ± 0.30 mm, p=0.02) formation compared with the carrier control. Limited ankylosis was observed in four of five rhGDF-5/ β-TCP/PLGA sites but not in control sites. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that rhGDF-5 is a promising candidate technology in support of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Carrier and rhGDF-5 dose optimization are necessary before further advancement of the technology towards clinical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Many diseases affecting the cutaneous tissues may incur observable changes to the mucosal tissues of the oral cavity. As a consequence, the dermatologist should always assess the oral mucosal tissues of their patients as a matter of routine. Equivocal lesions should be referred to a dentist for further assessment. Although most encountered white oral lesions are innocuous, some potentially serious conditions may mimic an innocuous white lesion. As examples, oral lichen planus may cause significant patient discomfort and is associated with some degree of increased malignant risk, whereas actinic cheilitis and leukoplakia have a confirmed association with an increased malignant risk. This contribution reviews the characteristics and management strategies for some of the more common white oral lesions that the dermatologist may observe in clinical practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the conservation status of the prosthesis and the presence of mucosal lesions in patients with Removable Partial Denture Material and Method: A descriptive, cross, prospective study was done 50 adult patients were evaluated (older than 60) wearers of removable partial denture. Clinical dental examination was performed and registered dental findings in a data collection form containing an assessment tool with which the retention was verified, stability of the PPR, the integrity of the prosthetic device and determine its condition. Results: The results of the investigation showed that the conservation status of removable partial denture was good 34%, medium 36% and 30% bad. 34% of patients had lesions in mucous type denture stomatitis. Conclusion: It is not possible to establish a direct relationship between the conservation status of the prosthesis and the presence of lesions as most of the evaluated patients did not present any dental lesions, stomatitis sub denture was because the majority of evaluated patients do not present lesions, the subprothesis stomatitis was te only lesion found [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral habits that are performed daily, can be a factor in the progression of periodontal and/or endodontic diseases. The purpose of this clinical report was to describe the treatment of a wide periodontal lesion and 18-month follow-up of a 13-year-old male patient's permanent mandibular central incisor that was traumatized due to chronic pencil biting. The lesion was curreted surgically while the compromised mandibular central incisor was endodontically and periodontally treated. The interdisciplinary approach showed a successful clinical outcome, as the survival of the infected tooth and the recoveryof the soft tissues and the alveolarbone could have been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and mandibular trauma pose barriers to oral thermometry. We sought to determine whether temporal artery (TA) scanning thermometry could be an accurate, noninvasive back up method of thermometry in patients with these types of traumatic injury. We compared 3 techniques of TA scanning, axillary thermometry, and oral thermometry in critical care patients. Our results indicate that TA scanning methods were, at best, comparable with axillary measurements. In addition, the performance of the TA scanners varied with body mass index, whereas axillary readings did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]