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Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus caused large amounts of silk loss annually, although it also could be used as silkworm bioreactor expression vector effectively and efficiently. Many heat shock (cognate) proteins 70 (HSP/HSC70) were induced by baculovirus and found existence in viral structure assembly. However, the concrete mechanism still need further elucidation for understanding host and virus interaction. In this study, the application of HSP/HSC70 inhibitor VER155008 is virus infectious phase-dependent for figuring out the role of intact molecular chaperone HSP/HSC70 activity in different stages of BmNPV proliferation progress. All the data had shown that HSP/HSC70 played a vital role in viral genome replication, virus protein abundance, BmNPV proliferation and budded virus production at the early infectious phase. This finding may provide new insights to unravel the interaction between baculovirus and silkworm in the initial infectious stage.

A predictive ESD TCAD deck including the workflow is developed for the 12nm FinFET technology. ESD failure in the I/O FET and ESDNFET is analyzed through TCAD simulation with calibrated silicon fin dimension-dependent thermal conductivity.

Why are certain communities more prone to anti-government protests than others? Do past rebellions lead to more protests today? We study the historical roots of social unrest using the experience of China. We document that counties with higher incidence of peasant uprisings against local government officials during the Qing dynasty period (1644-1912) also have higher incidence of anti-government protests in present-day China. To generate plausibly exogenous variation in the incidence of past protests, we exploit differences in the visibility and magnitude of solar eclipses during the Qing dynasty period. In the Confucian tradition, solar eclipses are considered a negative divine signal on the legitimacy of the ruler, facilitating the coordination of protest actions. We test this mechanism using detailed data on the timing and location of anti-government rebellions extracted from local chronicles. Counties within the totality zone of a solar eclipse were significantly more likely to experience a rebellion in the eclipse year. Leaders of early anti-Qing rebellions were recorded in popular culture and celebrated in temples, favoring the transmission of the memory of their actions across generations. The persistent effect of past protests is stronger in counties with such temples and memorials, consistent with a long-term memory of revolutions.

It has practical significance to improve the electrodialytic performance of heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane. In this work, appropriate amount of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was added into conventional casting solution composed of poly(vinylchloride), anion-exchange resin particles and N,N-dimethylformamide. After the polymerization of DMAEMA and solvent evaporation, the membrane precursor was formed and then treated by p-xylylene dichloride for the simultaneous quaternization and crosslinking of PDMAEMA. Subsequently, the effects of charged binders with a semi-interpenetrating crosslinking structure on the electrochemical properties of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were investigated. Above all, the evolution of chemical composition and morphology changes were recorded by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Moreover, the novel membranes were evaluated from different perspectives, such as Water uptake, Fixed ion concentration, Area electrical resistance, Transport number of counter-ion, Salt permeability coefficient, Limiting current and compared with those of the conventional heterogeneous AEMs with a similar ion-exchange capacity. At last, as-prepared AEMs were applied in simulated electrodialysis experiments. Results showed that the novel membrane-preparing technology made the heterogeneous AEM look and behave more like homogeneous one. Of course, the scheme is also suitable to the hot-pressing technology for the preparation of heterogeneous AEM.

For Rh2-organic molecular wires, we found that weaker coupling systems built using longer bridging ligands exhibit better electrical conductance., Layer-by-layer assembly of the dirhodium complex [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] (Rh2) with linear N,N′-bidentate ligands pyrazine (LS) or 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (LL) on a gold substrate has developed two series of redox active molecular wires, (Rh2LS)n@Au and (Rh2LL)n@Au (n = 1–6). By controlling the number of assembling cycles, the molecular wires in the two series vary systematically in length, as characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. The current–voltage characteristics recorded by conductive probe atomic force microscopy indicate a mechanistic transition for charge transport from voltage-driven to electrical field-driven in wires with n = 4, irrespective of the nature and length of the wires. Whilst weak length dependence of electrical resistance is observed for both series, (Rh2LL)n@Au wires exhibit smaller distance attenuation factors (β) in both the tunneling (β = 0.044 Å–1) and hopping (β = 0.003 Å–1) regimes, although in (Rh2LS)n@Au the electronic coupling between the adjacent Rh2 centers is stronger. DFT calculations reveal that these wires have a π-conjugated molecular backbone established through π(Rh2)–π(L) orbital interactions, and (Rh2LL)n@Au has a smaller energy gap between the filled π*(Rh2) and the empty π*(L) orbitals. Thus, for (Rh2LL)n@Au, electron hopping across the bridge is facilitated by the decreased metal to ligand charge transfer gap, while in (Rh2LS)n@Au the hopping pathway is disfavored likely due to the increased Coulomb repulsion. On this basis, we propose that the super-exchange tunneling and the underlying incoherent hopping are the dominant charge transport mechanisms for shorter (n ≤ 4) and longer (n > 4) wires, respectively, and the Rh2L subunits in mixed-valence states alternately arranged along the wire serve as the hopping sites.

Obtaining a high-performance nonprecious electrocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) under mild conditions is highly desirable yet challenging. Transition metal nitrides are emerging as cost-effective substitutes for state-of-the-art noble metal based catalysts, but large OER overpotentials plague these nitrides. Herein, we developed the heterostructure of CoO-domain-anchored Co4N nanowhiskers as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for both OER and HER in neutral media. The exterior CoO targets OER, and the CO4N matrix is active for HER. The periodically-aligned {111} crystalline planes between Co4N and CoO provide good electron transport through their interface. The heterostructure performs dual functions of elevating activity and diminishing interior resistance of the catalyst. Moreover, the porous metallic Co4N nanowhiskers were integrated on a nickel foam, and this configuration contributes an arterial channel for collecting current as well as a spacious surface area for increasing the reaction cross section for heterocatalysis. These advantages actuate our bifunctional 3D catalytic electrode to achieve low OER and HER overpotentials in neutral systems. It finally provides an unprecedentedly low cell voltage (1.79 V for 10 mA cm−2) for catalyzing overall water splitting in neutral media.

Disclosed herein is a versatile and practical strategy for catalytic radical dearomatization. By means of this strategy, we realized the trifluoromethylative dearomatization of indoles and furans with CO2 via Cu catalysis. We also demonstrated the dearomatization of indoles with C-3 C–O bond formation to generate spirocyclic indolines. A variety of important CF3-containing spirocyclic indolines and spiroacetals can be synthesized with atmospheric CO2 under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, these multicomponent reactions feature high selectivity, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and easy scalability. Further theoretical investigation indicates that this transformation starts with deprotonation of the amine and CO2 insertion, after which CF3· radical addition to the indole followed by intramolecular C–O coupling affords the oxazolidone product.

The downsizing of CMOS technology into the decananometer range has called for the redesign of the ESD protection devices because of the constraints of lower operation voltage and smaller breakdown voltage of the ultrathin gate oxide. In this work, we had developed a two-dimensional diode-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier (TD-DTSCR) structure to cope with the narrowed ESD design window in the 28 nm CMOS technology. A sufficient large SCR trigger voltage was obtained by directing the triggering current to both longitude and lateral directions, through two parasitic diodes and the P-Well, so as to save the chip area for realization. Optimization was done by varying several device parameters and the best ESD robustness obtained was 53.7 mA/μm which was about 65% larger than that of a simple SCR with the same width of 30 μm and realized using the same technology. Failure analysis was also conducted to identify the possible weak spots of the proposed structure.

The first thiocarboxylation of styrenes and acrylates with CO2 was realized by using visible light as a driving force and catalytic iron salts as promoters. A variety of important β-thioacids were obtained in high yields. This multicomponent reaction proceeds in an atom- and redox-economical manner with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Notably, high regio-, chemo-, and diasteroselectivity are observed. Mechanistic studies indicate that a radical pathway can account for the unusual regioselectivity.

Using first-principles calculations, the activation of the metal clusters (Mx = Ni6, Co6, Fe6) and clusters on graphene for ammonia decomposition was investigated. It is found that the Ni6 cluster on graphene is more active for the NH3 adsorption and dissociation, and for the most important steps of ammonia decomposition, namely the initial cleavage of the NH2 − H bond, the migration of N and the N + N recombination, they are all easier to perform on the graphene-supported Ni6 catalyst than that on the Ni6 cluster, the energy barriers are reduced from 1.29 eV, 0.92 eV, 2.25 eV to 1.11 eV, 0.41 eV, 1.47 eV, respectively. This study provides new insights into the potential applications of a cheap metal-based catalysts functionalized by graphene for the current reaction.

The study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the Sub-Health Measurement Scale version 1.0 (SHMS v1.0) for the assessment of the suboptimal health status (SHS) of Tianjin residents. This was a cross-sectional study that surveyed 2640 urban residents in Tianjin from June 2016 to January 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Each subject completed the SHMS v1.0 and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scale assessments. The retest coefficient was 0.675. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.921. The correlation between SHMS v1.0 and SF-36 was 0.781 (P 25 years old (P = .009), bachelor degree or above (P 10 hours (P 9 (P

The transition-metal-free lactonization of heteroaryl and alkenyl C–H bonds with carbon dioxide is reported to synthesize important coumarin derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. These redox-neutral reactions feature a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, facile scalability, and easy product derivatization.

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both the carbon source and solvent in various atmospheres including air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen by following a microwave irradiation method. The CQDs were characterized by performing ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that different reaction atmospheres yielded significantly different reaction rates and properties of the CQDs. In particular, including oxygen in the synthesis of the CQDs clearly shortened the reaction time, significantly enhanced the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and quantum yield (PLQY) of the CQDs, and extended their average lifetime. The PLQY and fluorescence lifetime of the CQDs were improved from 5.78% and 2.4 ns, respectively, when synthesized in a medium open to air to 7.84% and 3.0 ns, respectively, when synthesized in an O2 atmosphere. The CQDs synthesized using microwave irradiation showed strong blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light.

Thermal runaway is one of the main causes of semiconductor device failure under electrostatic discharge (ESD) stresses. An experimental method to investigate the failure temperature under such electrical stresses is proposed. By extrapolating the power-to-failure under different stress time versus ambient temperature curves to the temperature axis, an effective failure temperature is extracted which represents the real failure temperature. This temperature is observed to be higher than the temperature at which the semiconductor becomes intrinsic. The latter is conventionally regarded as the critical temperature for thermal failure. These findings suggest that a different thermal-related mechanism is responsible for the ESD-induced damage in semiconductor devices.

Despite the literature on rural land property rights, studies on urban land property rights are rare. This paper studies the impact of an urban land titling program on firm investment. It finds that the program leads to increased investment rate for titling firms, and the positive effect holds only for politically connected firms. The effects are likely causal, because they are more pronounced for firms that are more likely to benefit from strengthened property rights. Connected titling firms experienced fewer disputes than nonconnected titling firms after the program, and the results remain robust when using instrumental variable estimation.

A Diode Triggered Silicon Controlled Rectifier (DTSCR) is modeled. This DTSCR compact model is able to simulate the DTSCR’s I-V characteristics with snapback. Overshoot related parameters in this model also reproduces the overshoot phenomenon in transient simulation. Simulation of non-linear resistivity in the high current region is modeled based on the electro-thermal behavior and velocity saturation. This model is not only able to simulate quasi-static I-V under typical ESD stresses, but can predict ESD failure with arbitrary input ESD waveforms.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a worldwide public health threat. To date, the knowledge about the pathogenesis and progression of DENV infection is still limited. Combining global profiling based on proteomic analysis together with functional verification analysis is a powerful strategy to investigate the interplay between the virus and host cells. In the present study, quantitative proteomics has been applied to evaluate host responses (as indicated by altered proteins and modifications) in human cells (using K562 cell line) upon DENV-2 infection, as DENV-2 spreads most widely among all DENV serotypes. Comparative analysis was performed to define differentially expressed proteins in the infected cells compared to the mock-control, and it revealed critical pathogen-induced changes covering a broad spectrum of host cellular compartments and processes. We also discovered more dramatic changes (> 20%, 160 regulated phosphoproteins) in protein phosphorylation compared to protein expression (14%, 321 regulated proteins). Most of these proteins/phosphoproteins were involved in transcription regulation, RNA splicing and processing, immune system, cellular response to stimulus, and macromolecule biosynthesis. Western blot analysis was also performed to confirm the proteomic data. Potential roles of these altered proteins were discussed. The present study provides valuable large-scale protein-related information for elucidating the functional emphasis of host cell proteins and their post-translational modifications in virus infection, and also provides insight and protein evidence for understanding the general pathogenesis and pathology of DENV. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-019-00131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The aim of this study was to analyze the expressions and significance of B7-H3 and CTLA-4 in the clinical stages of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Seventy patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection or biopsy between January 2016 and February 2018 were enrolled. Among them, 30 were cases of paracancerous tissues and were assigned to the control group (CON). These cases were analyzed using immunochemical methods. Of the 70 cases, 48 were of adenocarcinoma, 19 were of squamous cell carcinoma, and 3 were of adenosquamous carcinoma. The expression rates of B7-H3 and CTLA-4 in the observation group (OBS) were 64.2% and 57.1% respectively, and those in the CON group were 6.7% and 0%, respectively (χ(2)=27.988, 28.571, P

Flaviviruses such as dengue use the same strategy to evade RNAi-based intrinsic antiviral defenses in both mammals and mosquitoes., Mosquito-borne flaviviruses infect both mammals and mosquitoes. RNA interference (RNAi) has been demonstrated as an anti-flavivirus mechanism in mosquitoes; however, whether and how flaviviruses induce and antagonize RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity in mammals remains unknown. We show that the nonstructural protein NS2A of dengue virus-2 (DENV2) act as a viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR). When NS2A-mediated RNAi suppression was disabled, the resulting mutant DENV2 induced Dicer-dependent production of abundant DENV2-derived siRNAs in differentiated mammalian cells. VSR-disabled DENV2 showed severe replication defects in mosquito and mammalian cells and in mice that were rescued by RNAi deficiency. Moreover, NS2As of multiple flaviviruses act as VSRs in vitro and during viral infection in both organisms. Overall, our findings demonstrate that antiviral RNAi can be induced by flavivirus, while flavivirus uses NS2A as a bona fide VSR to evade RNAi in mammals and mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of RNAi in flaviviral vector-host life cycles.

Background Altered neuronal development is discussed as the underlying pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Copy number variations of 16p11.2 have recurrently been identified in individuals with ASD. Of the 29 genes within this region, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) showed the strongest regulation during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized a causal relation between this tryptophan metabolism-related enzyme and neuronal differentiation. We thus analyzed the effect of QPRT on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y and specifically focused on neuronal morphology, metabolites of the tryptophan pathway, and the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. Methods The gene dosage-dependent change of QPRT expression following Chr16p11.2 deletion was investigated in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) of a deletion carrier and compared to his non-carrier parents. Expression of QPRT was tested for correlation with neuromorphology in SH-SY5Y cells. QPRT function was inhibited in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using (i) siRNA knockdown (KD), (ii) chemical mimicking of loss of QPRT, and (iii) complete CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out (KO). QPRT-KD cells underwent morphological analysis. Chemically inhibited and QPRT-KO cells were characterized using viability assays. Additionally, QPRT-KO cells underwent metabolite and whole transcriptome analyses. Genes differentially expressed upon KO of QPRT were tested for enrichment in biological processes and co-regulated gene-networks of the human brain. Results QPRT expression was reduced in the LCL of the deletion carrier and significantly correlated with the neuritic complexity of SH-SY5Y. The reduction of QPRT altered neuronal morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Chemical inhibition as well as complete KO of the gene were lethal upon induction of neuronal differentiation, but not proliferation. The QPRT-associated tryptophan pathway was not affected by KO. At the transcriptome level, genes linked to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic structures were affected. Differentially regulated genes were enriched for ASD candidates, and co-regulated gene networks were implicated in the development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Conclusions In this study, QPRT was causally related to in vitro neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and affected the regulation of genes and gene networks previously implicated in ASD. Thus, our data suggest that QPRT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD in Chr16p11.2 deletion carriers.

Using first-principles calculations, the rule of N in N-doped graphene supported Pd catalyst was investigated. Our results show that the doped N enhanced the adsorption and charge of Pd, which can lead to higher catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the doped N can also enhance the adsorption of H and make it more difficult to migrate on graphene. But the doped N is conductive to overflow of H from the Pd to graphene, the energy barrier is reduced from 1.01 eV to 0.85 eV. Therefore, it is speculated that one migration path of H on the N-doped graphene through the Pd atom.

In this work, N-doped reduced graphene oxides (NRGO) was synthesized via a facile urea-hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide and used as support for ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (NPs). It was found that N in NRGO can improve the dispersion of Pd NPs. NRGO supported Pd catalyst (Pd/NRGO) is highly active and selective for the hydrogenation of CC bond in cinnamaldehyde and hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone under mild conditions. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra and transmission electron microscopy characterizations confirmed the interaction between NRGO and Pd enhanced with the amount of N atom in NRGO. Raman spectroscopy of adsorbed cinnamaldehyde on Pd/NRGO suggested that NRGO played a positive role in the selective activation of CC bond in cinnamaldehyde.

A leading cause of device failure under electrostatic discharge stress conditions is thermal failure. This failure occurs as a result of excessive energy dissipation which raises the temperature of the device to a critical breaking level. To predict such a physical failure at circuit level, a compact model compatible with circuit simulators is proposed. The model is derived from the fundamental heat transfer equations and is shown to accurately predict thermal failure for arbitrary electrical stress waveforms.

The aim of the present study was investigate the association of the severity of emphysema of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with airway inflammation and the COPD-specific comorbidity test (COTE) index. A total of 94 patients with COPD were divided into four groups according to the severity of their emphysema; in each patient, comorbidities were recorded and inflammatory biomarkers, including MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined in circulating blood. The unbalanced proportion of MMP-9 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1, led to the airway inflammation and lung remodeling in the patients with COPD. A total of 80.85% of the patients had emphysema of different degrees. The quantity of male patients and the smoking index in the three emphysema groups were significantly higher than those in the non-emphysema group (F=7.67 and 5.42, P3 comorbidities, a COTE index of ≥4 and cardiovascular disease as well as coronary heart disease (t=6.40, 2.53, 3.65 and 2.90, P

We present an ESD P-direction STI diode fabricated in an advanced bulk FinFET technology. The impact on process and design parameters are evaluated in detail. With design optimization, the ESD P-direction STI diode achieves 46% and 16% performance improvement for It2/C and It2/Area relative to the C-direction design.

Study the effects of different admixtures and different dosages on Basic Magnesium Sulfate Cement (BMS) composite sheets, the effects of sodium citrate and phosphoric acid on the flexural strength and compressive strength of basic magnesium sulfate cement sheets were studied, XRD and SEM were used to analyze the composition and microstructure of hydration products. The results show, the addition of admixtures has a great influence on the properties of composite sheets. Adding the corresponding proportion of admixture to the plate, the mechanical properties are significantly improved. Therefore, the properties of sheet metal can be greatly improved by choosing appropriate additives.

Magnesium oxysulfide cement (MOS) is an emerging building material. The application of MOS in practical engineering is affected by the low mechanical properties, which can now be modified by some admixtures. In this paper, the mechanical properties and hydration heat release of citric acid (CA)-modified MOS were studied, and the phase composition and microstructure of hydration products were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The results show that the addition of CA modified MOS can reduce MgO direct hydration of Mg(OH)2, promote the formation of a large number of needle-shaped 5Mg(OH)2 ·MgSO4·7H2O (5·1·7) phase crystals, and the compressive strength is greatly improved. When the CA dosage is 0.5%, the mechanics of MOS Best performance. The clotting time of the MOS modified with CA is slightly prolonged.

Adding different types and amounts of water reducing agent to Dolomite-based magnesium sulfate cement (DBMSC), and analysing the effect of water reducing agent on DBMSC by studying its setting time, water reduction effect and mechanical strength. on the one hand, Experimental results show that adding water reducing agent to DBMSC has a retarding effect on dolomitic magnesium sulfate cement, and reduces the hydration heat of cement; on the other hand, the water reduction effect of the water reducing agent on DBMSC prepared by light burning dolomite is not too obvious, and even the mechanical strength of DBMSC is lowered.

Silicon nitride (SiN) metal-insulator-metal capacitors (MIMCAPs) are components of most GaAs and GaN integrated circuits and integrated passive devices (IPD). To analyze the dielectric breakdown mechanisms and predict the lifetime of SiN MIMCAPs under electrostatic discharge (ESD) conditions, characteristics of MIMCAPs with different dimensions (dielectric thickness and area) and various ambient temperatures under ESD stresses are investigated. Measurements are conducted using the Barth 4002 transmission line pulse (TLP) system and the Signatone S1060 heating module. Then, the breakdown voltage variation of MIMCAPs with respect to dimensions and temperatures under different types of transmission line pulsing (TLP) stresses is discussed. Furthermore, with the transformative version of power law employed, the lifetime (time dependent dielectric breakdown, TDDB) of MIMCAPs is analyzed.

Background Altered neuronal development is discussed as the underlying pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Copy number variations of 16p11.2 have recurrently been identified in individuals with ASD. Of the 29 genes within this region, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) showed the strongest regulation during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized a causal relation between this tryptophan metabolism-related enzyme and neuronal differentiation. We thus analyzed the effect of QPRT on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y and specifically focused on neuronal morphology, metabolites of the tryptophan pathway, and the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. Methods The gene dosage-dependent change of QPRT expression following Chr16p11.2 deletion was investigated in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) of a deletion carrier and compared to his non-carrier parents. Expression of QPRT was tested for correlation with neuromorphology in SH-SY5Y cells. QPRT function was inhibited in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using (i) siRNA knockdown (KD), (ii) chemical mimicking of loss of QPRT, and (iii) complete CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out (KO). QPRT-KD cells underwent morphological analysis. Chemically inhibited and QPRT-KO cells were characterized using viability assays. Additionally, QPRT-KO cells underwent metabolite and whole transcriptome analyses. Genes differentially expressed upon KO of QPRT were tested for enrichment in biological processes and co-regulated gene-networks of the human brain. Results QPRT expression was reduced in the LCL of the deletion carrier and significantly correlated with the neuritic complexity of SH-SY5Y. The reduction of QPRT altered neuronal morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Chemical inhibition as well as complete KO of the gene were lethal upon induction of neuronal differentiation, but not proliferation. The QPRT-associated tryptophan pathway was not affected by KO. At the transcriptome level, genes linked to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic structures were affected. Differentially regulated genes were enriched for ASD candidates, and co-regulated gene networks were implicated in the development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Conclusions In this study, QPRT was causally related to in vitro neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and affected the regulation of genes and gene networks previously implicated in ASD. Thus, our data suggest that QPRT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD in Chr16p11.2 deletion carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0239-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Diodes are simple but effective solution for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection. In order to evaluate and simulate ESD robustness of diode protection schemes at circuit-level for integrated circuits, models of diode thermal failure and voltage overshoot for ESD simulation are proposed in this paper. These models are based on physical mechanisms of ESD events and device failure. According to simulation results, the models are shown to predict thermal failure and reproduce voltage overshoot phenomena under ESD stresses, respectively.

Supplementary methods, supplementary results, supplementary table S1, supplementary figures S1-S6. (DOCX 555 kb)