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ABSTRACT Sequelae of chronic lead (Pb2+) toxicity includes anemia that is partially due to early death of erythrocytes characterized by excess accumulation of ROS and downregulation of antioxidant system causing oxidative stress and externalization of phosphatidylserine. In this study, pathophysiological based therapeutic application of garlic was evaluated against erythrocyte death. Results suggest that garlic administration prevents oxidative stress, restored the antioxidant balance in erythrocytes of Pb2+ exposed mice. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that activity of both scramblase and aminophospholipid translocase could be changed by modifying the critical sulfhydryl groups in presence of dithiothreitol during Pb2+ exposure. Data also indicated that garlic treatment in Pb2+ exposed mice exhibited sharp decline in PS exposure and increase in erythrocyte membrane thiol group followed by increase in aminophospholipid translocase activity and decline in scramblase activity. Findings indicated that garlic has the ability to restore the lifespan of erythrocytes during Pb2+ exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 396-410, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an intraosseous expansile osteolytic benign lesion of bone that contains blood- filled cystic spaces. The etiology and etiopathogenesis are unknown. It is less common in the skull bones. The skull bone lesion commonly involves the mandible with three times greater frequency than that of maxilla. The disease is most frequent in adolescents with a slight female predominance. Clinical presentation is of a progressively rapid growth pattern characterized by expansion of involved bone and deformity. Case report: Herein, we have presented a case of ABC of a 20-year-old Bengali male patient with an ABC located at right angle of the mandible. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed multilocular radiolucency in the right side of the angle and body of the mandible. Incisional biopsy was carried out, which confirmed the diagnosis of ABC. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the history, etiology, clinical features, and review of literature of this age-old disease entity with very many gray areas, which is being long debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the synthesis of the biological compound dienamides using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Indoor resting and human-landing mosquito collections were conducted at selected localities in Kolkata, India to determine resting and host-seeking behavior, night biting activity, seasonal distributions and malaria infection rates. During a two-year study (2006–2007), 5123 and 1716 female mosquitoes were captured in indoor-resting and human-landing collections, respectively, from two types of residences (brick built rooms, temporary huts). Regression analysis demonstrated that the abundance of indoor resting An. stephensi was positively correlated with ambient temperature and relative humidity. The average duration of the gonotrophic cycle for laboratory-reared An. stephensi was about 4 days. Average proportion of parous An. stephensi, daily survival and daily mortality rates were 46%, 82% and 18%, respectively. Plasmodium vivax sporozoite infections were detected in the salivary glands of two wild-caught An. stephensi (sporozoite rate 2.2%) and one An. annularis (sporozoite rate 1.5%). No P. falciparum infections were detected. Oocyst infections were observed in one An. annularis mosquito (oocyst rate 1.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baylis-Hillman adduct underwent smooth radical-induced condensation with activated bromo compounds and epoxides using titanocene(III) chloride (Cp2TiCl) as the radical generator. The reactions of activated bromo compounds with 3-acetoxy-2-methylene alkanoates provided (E)-alkenes exclusively, whereas similar reactions with 3-acetoxy-2-methylenealkanenitriles led to (Z)-alkenes as the major product. The reactions of epoxides with Baylis-Hillman adduct furnished α-methylene/arylidene-δ-lactones in good yield via addition followed by in situ lactonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]