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The concept of building logically functional networks employing spintronics or magnetic heterostructures is becoming more and more popular today. Incorporating logical segments into a circuit needs physical bonds between the magnetic molecules or clusters involved. In this framework, we systematically study ultrafast laser-induced spin-manipulation scenarios on a closed system of three carbon chains to which three Ni atoms are attached. After the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling and an external magnetic field, different ultrafast spin dynamics scenarios involving spin-flip and long-distance spin-transfer processes are achieved by various appropriately well-tailored time-resolved laser pulses within subpicosecond timescales. We additionally study the various effects of an external magnetic field on spin-flip and spin-transfer processes. Moreover, we obtain spin-dynamics processes induced by a double laser pulse, rather than a single one. We suggest enhancing the spatial addressability of spin-flip and spin-transfer processes. The findings presented in this article will improve our knowledge of the magnetic properties of carbon-based magnetic molecular structures. They also support the relevant experimental realization of spin dynamics and their potential applications in future molecular spintronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aperiodic order is ubiquitous in nature and quite relevant in science and technology. There are extensive works in aperiodic structures studying fundamental characteristics in physical properties, such as fractality, self-similarity, and fragmentation. However, there are fewer reports in which aperiodicity signifies an improvement in physical quantities with practical applications. Here, we show that the aperiodicity of fractal or self-similar type optimizes the tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-valley polarization of magnetic silicene structures, raising the prospects of spin-valleytronics. We reach this conclusion by studying the spin-valley-dependent transport properties of complex (Cantor-like) magnetic silicene structures within the lines of the transfer matrix method and the Landauer–Büttiker formalism. We find that the self-similar arrangement of magnetic barriers in conjunction with structural asymmetry reduces the conductance oscillations typical of periodic magnetic silicene superlattices and more importantly makes the K ′ -spin-down conductance component dominant, resulting in nearly perfect positive and negative spin-valley polarization states accessible by simply reversing the magnetization direction. The tunneling magnetoresistance is not as prominent as in periodic magnetic silicene superlattices; however, it is better than in single magnetic junctions. Furthermore, the optimization of the spin-valley-dependent transport properties caused by the complex structure is superior than the corresponding one reported in typical aperiodic structures, such as Fibonacci and Thue–Morse magnetic silicene superlattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid ferromagnet–semiconductor systems possess new outstanding properties, which emerge when bringing magnetic and semiconductor materials into contact. In such structures, the long-range magnetic proximity effect couples the spin systems of the ferromagnet and semiconductor on distances exceeding the carrier wave function overlap. The effect is due to the effective p–d exchange interaction of acceptor-bound holes in the quantum well with d-electrons of the ferromagnet. This indirect interaction is established via the phononic Stark effect mediated by the chiral phonons. Here, we demonstrate that the long-range magnetic proximity effect is universal and observed in hybrid structures with diverse magnetic components and potential barriers of various thicknesses and compositions. We study hybrid structures consisting of a semimetal (magnetite Fe3O4) or dielectric (spinel NiFe2O4) ferromagnet and a CdTe quantum well separated by a nonmagnetic (Cd,Mg)Te barrier. The proximity effect is manifested in the circular polarization of the photoluminescence corresponding to the recombination of photoexcited electrons with holes bound to shallow acceptors in the quantum well induced by magnetite or spinel itself, in contrast to interface ferromagnet in case of metal-based hybrid systems. A nontrivial dynamics of the proximity effect is observed in the studied structures due to recombination-induced dynamic polarization of electrons in the quantum well. It enables the determination of the exchange constant Δexch ≈ 70 μeV in a magnetite-based structure. The universal origin of the long-range exchange interaction along with the possibility of its electrical control offers prospects for the development of low-voltage spintronic devices compatible with existing solid-state electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, perovskite oxide LaCoO3/LaMnO3/LaCoO3 (LLL) trilayers and the single-layer LaMnO3 (LMO) and LaCoO3 (LCO) films are epitaxially grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by polymer-assisted deposition combining with heat treating in Ar, air, and O2 atmospheres, respectively. The crystal structure and magnetic properties are investigated. It is found that the responses of LMO and LCO films to oxygen content are different, and the magnetic property of LMO is more sensitivity to oxygen content than that of LCO. The oxygen content can directly affect the structure and magnetic properties of LMO and LCO layers, which, in turn, modulate the interfacial magnetic properties of the LLL trilayers through interlayer coupling. By comparison with the magnetic properties of the single-layer films, an abnormal ferromagnetic (FM) transition is found in the LLL trilayers at around 216 K, besides two known FM transitions corresponding to those in the LCO and LMO layers, respectively. It is suggested that the abnormal FM transition is attributed to Mn4+–O–Co2+ FM super-exchange interaction, which is induced by the charge transfer from Mn3+ to Co3+ ions and the interlayer coupling between the LMO and LCO layers. The interlayer coupling of the trilayers, including the interfacial coupling and the diffusion-induced inlayer coupling, dominates the interface properties, which are tuned by oxygen content-dependent charge transfer. The cooperative function of the orbital/charge structure and the interlayer coupling dominates the magnetic properties of the LLL trilayer under the tensile strain. These findings provide new avenues to regulate the electronic and magnetic states of perovskite oxide multilayers and another way to the development of multifunctional electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report on the detailed atomic ordering, magnetic and electrical properties of the Heusler alloy Mn2CoAl, studied via combined experimental methods and a theoretical calculation approach. Our studies confirm the Hg2CuTi-type crystal structure of Mn2CoAl with 25% anti-site disorder between Mn (B:1/4,1/4,1/4) and Co(C:1/2,1/2,1/2) sites. Neutron powder diffraction measurements identify the antiparallel spin couplings between Mn:A↓ and Mn:B↑, Co:C↑, resulting in a ferrimagnetic structure with a net magnetic moment of ∼1.6 μ B at room temperature. In terms of the electronic calculations, we find that the anti-site atoms will contribute large densities of states at the Fermi level, thus destroying the spin gapless band structure and making Mn2CoAl a normal ferrimagnetic metal. This report is intended to establish a basic understanding of the structure and physical properties of Mn2CoAl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of planar biaxial strain on the stability, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of monolayer CrS2 systems doped with nitrogen group elements have been investigated based on first principles. Calculations of energy differences, formation energies, bond population, and binding energies indicate the relative stability of the system. Calculations of the electronic structure (energy band structure, density of states, and differential charge density distribution) and magnetic parameters (spin density profiles, single-atom magnetic moments, and total magnetic moments of the system) show that atomic doping in conjunction with strain induces several excellent electronic properties of the system, such as magnetic semiconductors and semimetals. The bandgap of the spin-down channel increases with tensile strain and decreases with compressive strain. In addition, we note that the total magnetic moments of the monolayer CrS2 system and the N atom-doped system decrease with tensile strain and show an increase with compressive strain. The above results provide a reference for further investigation of this material and its application in nanospin devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of wireless power transmission (WPT) for electric vehicles, the challenge of magnetic shielding technology is particularly prominent. Achieving effective magnetic shielding often comes at the cost of transmission efficiency, creating a significant technical bottleneck. As a result, research into improving transmission efficiency while minimizing magnetic leakage has become a primary focus in the industry. This is seen as critical for driving the sustainable development of the electric vehicle sector. In response to this challenge, this paper presents the construction of an active magnetic shield using an isotropic coil configuration, which not only optimizes system efficiency but also significantly reduces magnetic leakage in WPT systems. The paper begins by introducing the concept of an active magnetically shielded isotropic coil structure for wireless power transmission. Next, it details the design methodology and operational principles of the structure, followed by the derivation of the mathematical model and equivalent circuit. The effectiveness of the magnetic shielding mechanism is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and the influence of coil parameters on both shielding performance and transmission efficiency is analyzed. Finally, based on the optimized coil parameters, the design of the wireless charging system incorporating the magnetic shielding structure is completed. This includes relevant theoretical calculations, simulation analyses, and experimental validation to confirm the feasibility of the design. The results demonstrate that the active magnetically shielded isotropic coil significantly reduces magnetic leakage, lowering it by approximately 95.68% compared to traditional coils, while achieving a transmission efficiency of 95.68% in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper ferroelectricity and canted ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetically ordered hexagonal ferrites with A2-type spin configuration have been intensely studied due to their potential for room-temperature multiferroicity with strong magnetoelectric couplings. However, the subtle interplay between the magnetic structure and trimer structural distortion, which is a critical ingredient for ferroelectricity, has not been clearly verified in experiments due to the lack of control over trimer distortion. In this study, we report on Lu0.6In0.4FeO3, which exhibits weaker trimer distortion primarily related to the smaller tilting of the FeO5 bipyramids. The reduced vertical displacement of the equatorial oxygen of FeO5 located at the center of the trimer lowers the magnitude of the in-plane Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya vector component, resulting in the absence of canted ferromagnetism with the planar A1-type spin configuration, rather than the canted A2-type observed in other hexagonal ferrites. Our findings demonstrate that the degree of trimer distortion plays an important role in determining the spin configuration in related hexagonal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper ferroelectricity and canted ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetically ordered hexagonal ferrites with A2-type spin configuration have been intensely studied due to their potential for room-temperature multiferroicity with strong magnetoelectric couplings. However, the subtle interplay between the magnetic structure and trimer structural distortion, which is a critical ingredient for ferroelectricity, has not been clearly verified in experiments due to the lack of control over trimer distortion. In this study, we report on Lu0.6In0.4FeO3, which exhibits weaker trimer distortion primarily related to the smaller tilting of the FeO5 bipyramids. The reduced vertical displacement of the equatorial oxygen of FeO5 located at the center of the trimer lowers the magnitude of the in-plane Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya vector component, resulting in the absence of canted ferromagnetism with the planar A1-type spin configuration, rather than the canted A2-type observed in other hexagonal ferrites. Our findings demonstrate that the degree of trimer distortion plays an important role in determining the spin configuration in related hexagonal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deterministic spin orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy structures requires an external magnetic field, which is unsuitable for on-chip applications. Various approaches are there to debar the external magnetic field requirement. In this work, we use static stress, which can generate a virtual magnetic field via magnetoelastic coupling. We show that this field can be used for deterministic magnetization switching. In our simulations, we use an antiferromagnetic material for generating the SOT and exchange bias field and avail the benefits of the field like torque (FLT). With the exclusion of thermal noise, this reduces the threshold current density from 114 to 36 MA/cm2, thus mitigating the energy dissipation by more than nine times. To study the effect of thermal noise, we simulate 500 trajectories and find out the switching probability. We perform simulations to study the effects of current density, stress, pulse width, and FLT on the switching probability in great details. Our simulation results show that we can get sub-ns switching with a probability of 0.99 requiring only 45.5 fJ of energy dissipation. This can be very attractive for artificial neural network kind of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ferromagnets, domain patterns can be controlled globally using magnetic fields or spin-polarized currents. In contrast, the local control of the magnetization on the nanometer length scale remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate how magnetic domain patterns in a Tm-doped yttrium iron garnet (Tm:YIG) thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be permanently and locally imprinted by high intensity photon pulses of a hard x-ray transient grating (XTG). Micromagnetic simulations provide a qualitative understanding of the observed changes in the orientation of magnetic domains in Tm:YIG and XTG-induced changes. The presented results offer a route for the local manipulation of the magnetic state using hard XTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skyrmions are small topologically protected magnetic structures that hold promise for applications from data storage to neuromorphic computing and they have been shown to possess internal microwave frequency excitations. Skyrmions in a synthetic antiferromagnet have been predicted to be smaller and faster than their ferromagnetic equivalents and also shown to possess more internal modes. In this work, we consider the breathing modes of skyrmions in a four repetition synthetic antiferromagnetic multilayer by means of micromagnetic simulations and examine the further splitting of the modes into different arrangements of out-of-phase, in-phase, and modes with more complex phase relationships. This results in a lowering of frequencies, which is promising for skyrmion sensing applications in a synthetic antiferromagnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half-metallic Heusler alloys are receiving significant attention for spintronic applications utilizing magnetic tunnel junctions and requiring large spin polarization. Co2MnSi (CMS) is one of the most promising candidates for this purpose. Here, we report the magnetization dynamics of a thin, epitaxial CMS film in a magnetic CoFe/CMS bilayer structure sputtered on an MgO substrate. The magnetic precession frequency response of the CoFe/CMS bilayer shows a fourfold symmetry with respect to the azimuthal applied field angle, reflecting the crystal symmetry of the CMS layer and not the underlying CoFe film. Moreover, the effective Gilbert damping parameter exhibits inhomogeneous broadening at lower applied magnetic fields. At large fields, however, the azimuthal angle dependence disappears, and the intrinsic Gilbert damping is observed. This study provides insight into the dynamics of a magnetic bilayer structure that forms an integral element in spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, it has been found that magnetic dip caused by diamagnetic motion of injected plasma can provide an appropriate environment for excitation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. These findings have been widely reported in the Earth's magnetic environment. However, it has rarely been reported in Jupiter's magnetic environment. This paper reports the characteristics of EMIC waves observed by Juno in the magnetic dip of Jupiter. Multiple‐band EMIC waves are observed in frequency range from 10−3 Hz to several Hz. The theoretical analysis shows that in this event both He+ band and O+ band EMIC waves can be constrained in the magnetic dip, which is consistent with the wave emissions observed inside the magnetic dip. Our result provides the first evidence that EMIC wave can be ducted inside a magnetic dip in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Plain Language Summary: The relationship between magnetic structures and electromagnetic waves in the Earth's magnetosphere has been widely reported. Recent studies have theoretically displayed the effects of the magnetic dip on the EMIC wave propagation in Earth's magnetic field. In this paper, we use the event observed by Juno in the magnetic environment of Jupiter to analyze the effect of the magnetic dip on the propagation of EMIC waves. As a result, the observed EMIC waves can be ducted inside the magnetic dip of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Since these ducted waves would influence the dynamics of energetic protons through longtime scattering effects, the magnetic dip is expected to play an important role in the dynamics of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Key Points: Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are observed during the magnetic dip by JunoTheoretical analysis about the effects of magnetic dips on the EMIC wave propagation in Jupiter's magnetosphere is performedBoth He+ and O+ band EMIC waves can be ducted inside the magnetic dip in Jupiter's magnetosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, this study presents an analysis of a short large‐amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) event with simultaneous occurrence of low‐ and high‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves. It was found that low‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves around the lower‐hybrid frequency emerge in the presence of solar wind ions and local low‐energy ions in the trailing region of SLAMS. Additionally, counter‐propagating whistler waves (the high‐frequency branch of the magnetosonic whistler wave) are observed within SLAMS, coinciding with a perpendicular temperature anisotropy in the electron population. Instability analyses demonstrate that these low‐frequency waves are induced by the two‐stream instability associated with the cross‐field relative velocity between low‐energy ions and electrons, while whistler waves are locally generated by the whistler anisotropy instability. Our results shed light on the impact of SLAMS on particle and wave dynamics in the terrestrial foreshock. Plain Language Summary: Short large‐amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) are frequently observed within the terrestrial foreshock. They play a significant role in particle dynamics, often leading to the formation of unstable ion and electron velocity distributions. Consequently, plasma waves are excited across both ion and electron scales. Despite their importance, direct observational evidence linking SLAMS to the local excitation of plasma waves has been lacking. In this study, we utilized observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to investigate the local excitation of magnetosonic whistler waves associated with SLAMS. We revealed the presence of counter‐propagating whistler waves within SLAMS. We attributed the generation of these waves to the local whistler anisotropy instability. Furthermore, we found the occurrence of low‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves in the trailing region of SLAMS. We identified their excitation mechanism as the two‐stream instability relating to local low‐energy ions. These results offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay between SLAMS and particle‐wave dynamics within the terrestrial foreshock. Key Points: MMS observes both low‐ and high‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves associated with SLAMS in Earth's foreshockCounter‐propagating high‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves are proposed to be excited by the whistler anisotropy instability in SLAMSLow‐frequency magnetosonic whistler waves are excited by the cross‐field relative velocity between low‐energy reflected ions and electrons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although chromium trihalides are widely regarded as a promising class of two-dimensional magnets for next-generation devices, an accurate description of their electronic structure and magnetic interactions has proven challenging to achieve. Here, we quantify electronic excitations and spin interactions in CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) using embedded many-body wavefunction calculations and fully generalized spin Hamiltonians. We find that the three trihalides feature comparable d-shell excitations, consisting of a high-spin 4A2 ( t 2 g 3 e g 0 ) ground state lying 1.5–1.7 eV below the first excited state 4T2 ( t 2 g 2 e g 1 ). CrCl3 exhibits a single-ion anisotropy Asia = − 0.02 meV, while the Cr spin-3/2 moments are ferromagnetically coupled through bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions of J1 = − 0.97 meV and J2 = − 0.05 meV, respectively. The corresponding values for CrBr3 and CrI3 increase to Asia = −0.08 meV and Asia= − 0.12 meV for the single-ion anisotropy, J1 = −1.21 meV, J2 = −0.05 meV and J1 = −1.38 meV, J2 = −0.06 meV for the exchange couplings, respectively. We find that the overall magnetic anisotropy is defined by the interplay between Asia and Adip due to magnetic dipole–dipole interaction that favors in-plane orientation of magnetic moments in ferromagnetic monolayers and bulk layered magnets. The competition between the two contributions sets CrCl3 and CrI3 as the easy-plane (Asia + Adip >0) and easy-axis (Asia + Adip <0) ferromagnets, respectively. The differences between the magnets trace back to the atomic radii of the halogen ligands and the magnitude of spin–orbit coupling. Our findings are in excellent agreement with recent experiments, thus providing reference values for the fundamental interactions in chromium trihalides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spintronic devices are regarded as prime candidates for addressing the demands of emergent applications such as in-memory computing and the Internet of Things, characterized by requirements for high speed, low energy consumption, and elevated storage density. Among these, spin valves, serving as fundamental structures of magnetic random-access memory, have garnered substantial attention in recent years. This study introduces an all van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure composed of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/tellurene/FGT, wherein a thin layer of Weyl semiconductor Te is interposed between two ferromagnetic FGT layers. The proposed configuration exhibits a characteristic spin valve effect at temperatures below 160 K. This effect is attributed to spin-dependent transport and spin-dependent scattering phenomena occurring at the interfaces of the constituent materials. Furthermore, as temperature decreases, the magnetoresistance ratio (MR) of the device increases, indicative of the heightened polarization ratio of FGT, with an MR of 0.43% achievable as the temperature approaches 5 K. This investigation elucidates the underlying operational mechanisms of two-dimensional spin valve devices and lays the groundwork for the realization of spin-based integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐D modular wireless power transfer (WPT) system needs to have stable output when coil misalignment occurs. In order to improve the misalignment tolerance of the system coupling unit, this article proposes a magnetic coupling structure based on the LCC‐S compensation topology by combining a rectangular coil with two sets of mutually orthogonal solenoidal compensation coils. The rectangular coil is used to receive the vertical magnetic flux, and the two sets of compensating coils are used to receive the magnetic flux in the directions of X‐axis and Y‐axis on the horizontal plane, separately. The receiving side of the 2‐D wireless power transmission array cells cascaded half‐bridge rectifiers to connect each group of coils. This arrangement effectively compensates for the voltage drop of the rectangular coil caused by positional offset in any direction, so that the output voltage of the receiving side remains stable. The article firstly establishes the equivalent circuit model of the proposed design and deduces in detail the relationship equations between the output characteristics of the system and each influence factor. Secondly, the magnetic coupling structure is designed by finite element electromagnetic simulation software, and the total equivalent mutual inductance fluctuation of the proposed design is verified to be within 3.9% over the range of 2‐D transmission array cells. Finally, a 150 W experimental platform is built to verify the misaligment‐tolerant of the proposed design in the range of 2‐D transmission array cells. The experimental results show that the output voltage fluctuation of the proposed design within 4.27% at all directional offsets. Moreover, the stable output performance can be obtained in the case of vertical and rotational misalignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spintronic devices are regarded as prime candidates for addressing the demands of emergent applications such as in-memory computing and the Internet of Things, characterized by requirements for high speed, low energy consumption, and elevated storage density. Among these, spin valves, serving as fundamental structures of magnetic random-access memory, have garnered substantial attention in recent years. This study introduces an all van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure composed of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/tellurene/FGT, wherein a thin layer of Weyl semiconductor Te is interposed between two ferromagnetic FGT layers. The proposed configuration exhibits a characteristic spin valve effect at temperatures below 160 K. This effect is attributed to spin-dependent transport and spin-dependent scattering phenomena occurring at the interfaces of the constituent materials. Furthermore, as temperature decreases, the magnetoresistance ratio (MR) of the device increases, indicative of the heightened polarization ratio of FGT, with an MR of 0.43% achievable as the temperature approaches 5 K. This investigation elucidates the underlying operational mechanisms of two-dimensional spin valve devices and lays the groundwork for the realization of spin-based integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular-based magnetic materials are expected to serve as building blocks for quantum bits. To realize high-dimensional Hilbert space and addressability, we constructed anisotropic multi-level systems based on CuII and VIV with orthogonal magnetic orbitals. The crystal structures and intramolecular magnetic couplings of four CuIIVOII complexes [{CuVO(appen)2}2], [{CuVO(fhma)2EDA}2], [{CuVO(hfca)2EDA}2] and [CuVO(hfca)2DPEDA]n are characterized. Due to the orthogonal magnetic orbitals of CuII and VIV, the Cu–V pairs in the four complexes have strong ferromagnetic couplings, and the coupling strength is linearly related to the dihedral angle between the two equatorial planes of the two coordination polyhedra. Because of the triplet ground state, the system can be described by an effective Hamiltonian model consisting of two S = 1 spins coupled together. The anisotropy parameters of [{CuVO(hfca)2EDA}2] and [CuVO(hfca)2DPEDA]n were obtained by the simulation of X-band continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (cw-EPR) spectra, confirming that both complexes have zero-field splitting addressable on the relative energy scale. The results indicate that constructing multi-centre complexes based on orthogonal magnetic orbitals is a promising strategy for designing multidimensional quantum bits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spontaneous formation of dynamic spiral domains, which is a type of the self-organization of a magnetic domain structure, in a thin ferromagnetic film exposed to the alternating magnetic field has been revealed in the numerical simulation within the phenomenological Ginzburg–Landau model. This simulation qualitatively reproduces the following features of the self-organization of the domain structure experimentally observed in iron garnet films: the existence of two types of spiral domains (single and double spiral domains) and the formation of the close packing of spiral domains and their chains in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A mechanism of the formation of spiral domains without gyrotropic force has been described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juno conducted two close Io flybys on 30 December 2023 and 03 February 2024, both at a minimum altitude of 1,500 km. Filamentary structures in the electric and magnetic field spectra indicate Juno crossed the Alfvén wing, the magnetic structure connecting Io to Jupiter's polar ionosphere. We show that the first pass took Juno diametrically through the northern Alfvén wing, while the second pass had Juno graze the southern Alfvén wing boundary, enabling extended measurements of the transition region between Io's vicinity and the Jovian magnetosphere. Of note, evidence of local electron beams is inferred from whistler‐mode emissions. We demonstrate that their energies are sub‐keV, are sourced from Io's ionosphere or local torus, and are part of a distributed current system connecting Io to Jupiter. Finally, upper hybrid resonances indicate electron densities are significantly elevated in Io's polar region (∼28,000 cm−3) compared to the local Io torus (∼2,000 cm−3). Plain Language Summary: Juno conducted two close Io flybys. Signatures in the electromagnetic field indicate that Juno sampled the region dominated by the electrodynamic interaction between Io and Jupiter. Powerful electric currents flow within this region that deliver energetic electrons into Jupiter's polar atmosphere, resulting in the Io auroral footprint. Juno also spent an extended period along the boundary of this region, providing an in situ view of the complexity of this region's structure. Local density measurements indicate significantly elevated densities in Io's poles. Key Points: Juno plasma wave observations are consistent with Alfvén wing crossings during close Io flybysWhistler‐mode radiation indicate the presence of sub‐keV electron beams operating just outside the Alfvén wingElectron densities are significantly elevated in Io's polar region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study LiFePO4/C composite particles were synthesized using five different carbon sources via a one-step sol-gel method. La-doped LiFePO4 was also synthesized using the sol-gel method. The XRD pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that as the doping ratio increased, the sample's cell volume first increased then decreased, reaching a maximum value of 293.36 Å3 (x = 0.94, y = 0.06). The XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at different temperatures for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a smaller diffraction angle. Similarly, the XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 700 °C for different durations indicate that with increasing calcination times, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a larger diffraction angle. The infrared spectrum pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h shows absorption peaks corresponding to the vibrations of the Li–O bond and PO43- group. An SEM analysis of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that the particles were irregular in shape and of uniform size. The hysteresis loops of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 600 °C, 700 °C, or 800 °C for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the Ms gradually increased, while the Mr and Hc decreased, with minimum values of 0.08 emu/g and 58.21 Oe, respectively. The Mössbauer spectra of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicate that all samples contained Doublet(1) and Doublet(2) peaks, dominated by Fe2+ compounds. The proportions of Fe2+ were 85.5% (x = 1, y = 0), 89.9% (x = 0.96, y = 0.04), and 96.0% (x = 0.92, y = 0.08). The maximum IS and QS of Doublet(1) for the three samples were 1.224 mm/s and 2.956 mm/s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel class of low-loss and cost-effective optical planar structures tailored for magnetic detection applications. These structures represent unconventional magneto-plasmonic devices specifically optimized for an 'optical switch' configuration. The structure consists of a 1D deep sinusoidal gold grating covered by a thin cobalt layer. In this unique arrangement, the excited plasmon induces a high-contrast switching phenomenon between the reflected free space intensity of specular (0th) and −1st diffracted orders, sensitive to any transverse magnetic fields applied to the cobalt layer. The use of these two distinct diffracted orders induces differential measurements, effectively mitigating common drift and perturbations. This innovative approach results in an enhanced detection sensitivity, showcasing the potential of these structures for advanced magnetic field sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative way of skyrmion quasi-particle detection is simulated at low voltage bias. The point contact (PC), attached to the strip with a Néel-type skyrmion, can detect it with a higher efficiency than a magnetic tunnel junction. The method is based on detecting the skyrmion via the ballistic magnetoresistance ratio (BRR). PC's resistance with skyrmion significantly differs from the one without it. BRR is estimated in the framework of the point contact model for two directions of spin-polarized current: perpendicular to the transport direction (case 1) and along one (case 2). Skyrmion's size is assumed to be around 3.6 nm in diameter—smaller, or comparable, to the mean free path of electrons, allowing it to utilize the ballistic transport approach. As a result, resistance values for the considered Néel type skyrmion within the related size are estimated as 157 Ω for case 1 and 452.2 Ω for case 2 with optimistic BRR 101.3% and 291.7%, respectively. BRR for case 2 is higher due to the spin-filtering effect. The method also has the potential to detect the skyrmion type, or other magnetic nano structures such as bimeron, domain wall (DW), etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many online monitoring devices in substations are placed at high potential differences from the ground, and it is not possible to supply power to these devices directly from the ground through wires. Placing magnetically coupled structures inside the substation pillar insulators for inductive power transfer is considered a feasible solution, and at this stage of research, systems that add multi‐stage repeating coil structures are mostly used to achieve stable power supply for individual online monitoring devices. However, the monitoring point generally requires multiple devices to monitor together, and the power requirements of different devices are different, so adding multiple repeating coils at the same time will increase the complexity of the system design, which is not conducive to engineering applications. Therefore, this paper designs and optimizes a multi‐stage multi‐load wireless power supply system magnetic coupling structure, using a three‐dimensional hollow solenoid combined with a ferrite core as the system repeating coil structure and an embedded magnetic coupling structure as the receiver end structure to reduce the number of system repeating coils while supplying power to devices with different power requirements. A prototype with a transmission distance of 1.02 m was built in the experiment, and the experimental results showed that the highest transmission efficiency of the system was 44.3% and 39.2% under single load and double load conditions, respectively. As the load resistance increases, the system can achieve constant voltage output under both single‐load and dual‐load operating conditions. Adjusting the number of turns of the receiving coil can change the output characteristics of the system and achieve constant voltage output of different voltage levels or constant current output of different current levels, which can meet the power supply needs of different loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual‐load magnetic coupled resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has the advantages of integrated conversion function, higher power density, and higher energy utilization rate. Reasonable coil structure selection and design is a challenge in the dual load WPT system. This article conducts electromagnetic analysis on three types of coil structures: circular–circular, rectangular–circular, and rectangular–rectangular, and uses Ansys Maxwell software to analyze and compare the magnetic field distribution intensity and transmission characteristics of each structure when the coil is offset. The analysis results showed that the rectangular–rectangular coils have stronger offset characteristics. Therefore, the double‐load MCR‐WPT system ultimately adopts the rectangular–rectangular coil structure. The transmitting and receiving coils of the WPT system were wound and tested, and the dual‐load WPT system with rectangular–rectangular coupling coil structures are constructed for experimental verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive release of energy in the solar atmosphere is driven magnetically, but the mechanisms that trigger the onset of the eruption remain controversial. In the case of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), ideal or non-ideal instabilities usually occur in the corona, but it is difficult to obtain direct observations and diagnostics there. To overcome this difficulty, we analyze observational signatures in the upper chromosphere or transition region, particularly brightening and dimming at the base of coronal magnetic structures. In this paper, we examine the time evolution of spatially resolved light curves in two eruptive flares and identify a variety of tempo-spatial sequences of brightening and dimming, such as dimming followed by brightening and dimming preceded by brightening. These brightening--dimming sequences are indicative of the configuration of energy release in the form of plasma heating or bulk motion. We demonstrate the potential of using these analyses to diagnose the properties of magnetic reconnection and plasma expansion in the corona during the early stages of the eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution pattern of the connection length in the divertor region of Heliotron J was calculated by the field line tracing method. A multifold layer structure, characterized by the range of connection length, was revealed to interpret the response of the transport of the lower‐charged impurity ions to the divertor structure. Impurity transport simulated by the EMC3‐EIRENE code shows that lower‐charged impurity ions tend to concentrate in the first multifold layer. This result is consistent with the line‐integral extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy measurement, which implies that the impurity's response to the divertor topological structure needs to be considered in interpreting the spectroscopy result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) analyses were carried out to study electronic structures and magnetic properties of Mn- and Cu-doped GaNNS. To investigate the influence of transition metal atoms (TM) on magnetic properties, we substituted Ga atoms with Mn and Cu atoms in different concentrations. Investigation shows that TM leads to electronic structural reconstruction which changes their properties in this way, and plays a significant role in spin polarization. Although the pure nanosheet is a nonmagnetic semiconductor, the doped atoms induce magnetism in the structure. The band gap changes monotonically depending on the concentration of TM atoms. The observed good half-metal ferromagnetism GaNNS:Mn, allows them to be a potential candidate for use in spintronics. The local magnetic moment calculated from Mulliken analyses for the Mn atom is approximately 4.05 μ B. By choosing the appropriate concentration of impurity atoms one can obtain a magnetic semiconductor and is half-metal. Thus, Mn-atoms may induce half-metallic ferromagnetism in GaN nanosheet, which makes it a potential candidate for spintronics device applications. Also observed, was weak ferromagnetism in Cu-doped GaNNS is not suitable for use in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents are primarily used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL). However, overcoming venous contamination issues remains challenging. This study aims to assess the MRL efficacy of the newly developed iron-based contrast agent (INV-001) that is specially designed to mitigate venous contamination issues. The study further explores the optimal dosage, including both injection volume and concentration, required to achieve successful visualization of the popliteal lymph nodes and surrounding lymphatic vessels. Procedures. All animals utilized in this study were male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats weighing between 250 and 300 g. The contrast agents prepared were injected intradermally in the fourth phalanx of both hind limbs using a 30-gauge syringe in SD rats. MRL was performed every 16 min on a coronal 3D time-of-flight sequence with saturation bands using a 9.4-T animal machine. Results: Contrary to Gd-DOTA, which exhibited venous contamination in most animals irrespective of injection dosages and conditions, INV-001 showed no venous contamination. For Gd-DOTA, the popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels reached peak enhancement 16 min after injection from the injection site and then rapidly washed out. However, with INV-001, they reached peak enhancement between 16 and 32 min after injection, with prolonged visualization of the popliteal lymph node and lymphatic vessels. INV-001 at 0.45 μmol (15 mM, 30 μL) and 0.75 μmol (15 mM, 50 μL) achieved high scores for qualitative image analysis, providing good visualization of the popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels without issues of venous contamination, interstitial space enhancement, or lymph node enlargement. Conclusion: In MRL, INV-001, a novel T1 contrast agent based on iron, enables prolonged enhancement of popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels without venous contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated advancements in charging solutions, with a particular focus on speed and efficiency. However, power transfer efficiency is the major concern in static and dynamic wireless charging (DWC) design. Design consideration and improvements in all functional units are necessary for an increase in overall efficiency of the system. Recently, different research works have been presented regarding DWC at the power converter, coil structure and compensators. This paper provides a comprehensive review of power converters incorporating high-order compensation topologies, demonstrating their benefits in enhancing the DWC of EVs. The review also delves into the coupling coil structure and magnetic material architecture, pivotal in enhancing power transfer efficiency and capability. Moreover, the high-order compensation topologies used to effectively mitigate low-frequency ripple, improve voltage regulation, and facilitate a more compact and portable design are discussed. Furthermore, optimal coupling and different techniques to achieve maximum power transfer efficiency are discussed to boost magnetic interactions, thereby reducing power loss. Finally, this paper highlights the essential role of these components in developing efficient and reliable DWC systems for EVs, emphasizing their contribution to achieving high-power transfer efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems often encounter limitations in efficiency and transmission distance due to near-field magnetic coupling characteristics. Increasing the inductance can enhance the transmission distance, but it also raises the system's Q factor, leading to several issues. This study aimed to optimize the magnetic core design of helical coils to enhance magnetic coupling in IPT systems while minimizing the increase in self-inductance. Through finite element analysis, various core placements were evaluated, leading to a proposed core design process that integrates inner and lower cores at optimal angles. The proposed design was compared with conventional cores, and its performance was validated in an IPT system. The results demonstrate that the proposed core design significantly enhances the coupling coefficient (k) and extends power transmission distance compared with conventional planar and U-shaped core structures without substantially increasing self-inductance (L). This design effectively balances the trade-off between increasing inductance and maintaining system stability, thereby improving transmission efficiency while minimizing frequency instability and voltage stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a recently developed, non‐invasive in vivo imaging technique to map the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in animal tissues with high sensitivity and speed. It is a challenge to reconstruct images directly from the received signals of MPI device due to the complex physical behavior of the nanoparticles. System matrix and X‐space are two commonly used MPI reconstruction methods, where the former is extremely time‐consuming and the latter usually produces blurry images. Purpose: Currently, we proposed an end‐to‐end machine learning framework to reconstruct high‐resolution MPI images from 1‐D voltage signals directly and efficiently. Methods: The proposed framework, which we termed "MPIGAN", was trained on a large MPI simulation dataset containing 291 597 pairs of high‐resolution 2‐D phantom images and each image's corresponding voltage signals, so that it was able to accurately capture the nonlinear relationship between the spatial distribution of SPIONs and the received voltage signal, and realized high‐resolution MPI image reconstruction. Results: Experiment results showed that, MPIGAN exhibited remarkable abilities in high‐resolution MPI image reconstruction. MPIGAN outperformed the traditional methods of system matrix and X‐space in recovering the fine‐scale structure of magnetic nanoparticles' spatial distribution and achieving enhanced reconstruction performance in both visual effects and quantitative assessments. Moreover, even when the received signals were severely contaminated with noise, MPIGAN could still generate high‐quality MPI images. Conclusion: Our study provides a promising AI solution for end‐to‐end, efficient, and high‐resolution magnetic particle imaging reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A compact magnetic structure for rotary magnetic regenerators is designed. • A parametric set of simulations is performed to enhance the magnet shape. • Magnet shape strongly impacts the cooling capacity of magnetic refrigerators up to 40%. • Proposed solutions maximize the field up to 19% and minimize the magnet volume up to 44%. • Presented solutions outperform existing magnetic structures for rotary devices. A magnetic structure intended for use in a room-temperature rotary active magnetic regenerator (AMR) is presented, under construction at the University of Genoa. Given the overall size of the regenerator and the thickness of the gap, the magnet design is optimized to produce the highest possible magnetic field difference between two adjacent regions. Magnet shape optimization is obtained by introducing a geometry with four degrees of freedom corresponding to the position of the edges of each magnet, plus the remanence angle. This approach serves two main purposes: the primary is to increase the magnetic induction and, to follow, some effort is made to minimize the volume and weight of the expensive NdFeB magnets, while preserving the cooling performance. So, a balance between these two goals must be achieved. After a rough preliminary sizing, a parametric investigation is performed toward these targets and some shapes are presented. The magnetic flux density in the gap, and other consolidated and novel performance indices, are evaluated and compared to those found in the literature for similar devices. The final design achieves, in the air gap, a maximum induction value of 1.045 T, and an average flux density of 0.83 T in a volume per unit length of 0.00268 m3/m in the high induction region. This is accomplished by using 0.00606 m3/m of magnetic material (N50, NdFeB). The magnet designs presented here exhibit a well-balanced performance (in terms of greater cooling for the same magnet weight) compared to earlier designs for similar AMR devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses one of the critical questions of scientific inquiry: How do we know when a given data set is representative of the phenomenon being examined? For paleomagnetists, the question is often whether a particular data set sufficiently averaged paleosecular variation (PSV). To this aim, we updated an existing PSV data set that now comprises 2,441 site mean directions from 94 individual studies (PSV10‐24). Minimal filtering for data quality resulted in 1,619 sites from 90 publications. Fitting PSV10‐24 with two newly defined parameters as well as two existing ones form the basis of a Giant Gaussian Process field model (THG24) consistent with the data. Drawing directions from THG24 yields directional distributions predicted for a given latitude allowing a comparison between empirical distributions and the cumulative distribution function generated by the model. This tests whether the observed data adequately averaged out PSV according to THG24. We applied these tests to five data sets from Large Igneous Provinces from the last billion years and find that they are consistent with the THG24 model as well. Sedimentary data sets that may have experienced inclination shallowing can be corrected using an (un)flattening factor that yields directions satisfying THG24 in a newly‐defined, four‐parameter space. This approach builds on the Elongation‐Inclination (E/I) method of Tauxe and Kent (2004), https://doi.org/10.1029/145gm08, so the approach introduced here is called SVEI. We show examples of the use of SVEI and explain how to use this newly developed Python code that is publicly available in the PmagPy GitHub repository. Plain Language Summary: Paleomagnetic vectors recorded by rocks and archeological materials yield information on the structure of the magnetic field through Earth's history. The geomagnetic field mostly resembles a geocentric dipole aligned with the spin axis, but the directions at any given time and place generally deviate from this simple model. Data sets produced over several decades help define global magnetic field behavior. Here, we updated a compilation of paleomagnetic data and used it to establish a new field model representative of the last 10 million years. Prior or emerging data sets can be tested against the model to see whether the two agree in terms of field structure and variability. We tested data sets as old as 1.1 billion years and found them compatible with the model. Moreover, this model can also assess, and potentially correct data from sedimentary rocks that may have suffered from inclination shallowing. Although other correction methods exist, our approach employs a more complete description of the geometry of directional data, thereby allowing a more quantitative comparison of empirical and predicted distributions. Corrected inclinations and their uncertainties define paleolatitudes more accurately, key for plate tectonic and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Key Points: Update of the paleosecular variation database from lava flows (PSV10‐24) for the last 10 MaDefinition of a new Giant Gaussian Process (GGP) model (THG24), compatible with PSV10‐24 matching VGP scatter including data sets as old as 1.1 GaDescription of the SVEI method (an update of E/I) to assess secular variation records and to correct for inclination shallowing in sediments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold mining in Egypt's Central Eastern Desert (ECED) has a rich history dating back to the Old Kingdom period. In recent years, there has been renewed interest from international mining companies, and several potential areas for gold mining have been identified. Extensive studies have been conducted on the deposition and occurrence of gold in the region, identifying over 100 areas of deposition. Aeromagnetic and radioactive surveys have played a crucial role in locating gold occurrences in ECED by utilizing data from these techniques to identify potential gold deposits. This study utilized geophysical data, including total aeromagnetic intensity (TM) and radiometric data, to identify hydrothermal zones and locate potential areas of gold occurrence. The radiometric ternary map was used to refine the search for gold deposits. Magnetic data were analyzed using edge detection tools to determine the structural framework of the area, facilitating the identification of regions with a high potential for gold occurrence. By integrating these geophysical datasets, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the geological features and potential for gold mineralization in the study area. The area is divided into four sections by three shear zones, with high magnetic anomalies observed in the southeastern part. The radiometric data revealed that gold occurrence is associated with hydrothermal alteration zones, identified using the K/Th ratio and radiometric ternary map. However, not all these zones contain gold, and the area's structure and magnetic suitability must be considered when selecting suitable locations for gold extraction. The study area presents a promising opportunity for gold exploration, with the integration of edge detection and radiometric analysis being crucial in identifying suitable locations for exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidation of tetraselenatetracene (TSeT) by tetracyanoquinodimethane in the presence of dysprosium(III) tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonate), DyIII(hfac)3, produces black crystals of {TSeT1.5}●+[DyIII(hfac)4]− (1) salt, which combines conducting and magnetic sublattices. It contains one-dimensional stacks composed of partially oxidized TSeT molecules (formal averaged charge is +2/3). Dimers and monomers can be outlined within these stacks with charge and spin density redistribution. The spin triplet state of the dimers is populated above 128 K with an estimated singlet-triplet energy gap of 542 K, whereas spins localized on the monomers show paramagnetic behavior. A semiconducting behavior is observed for 1 with the activation energy of 91 meV (measured by the four-probe technique for an oriented single crystal). The DyIII ions coordinate four hfac− anions in [DyIII(hfac)4]−, providing D2d symmetry. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed for DyIII under an applied static magnetic field of 1000 Oe, and 1 is a single-ion magnet (SIM) with spin reversal barrier Ueff = 40.2 K and magnetic hysteresis at 2 K. Contributions from DyIII and TSeT●+ paramagnetic species are seen in EPR. The DyIII ion rarely manifests EPR signals, but such signal is observed in 1. It appears due to narrowing below 30 K and has g4 = 6.1871 and g5 = 2.1778 at 5.4 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboxylato-bridged dinuclear and tetranuclear Mn(II) complexes 1–3 with ditopic ligands featuring two N3-terminal coordination sites connected by hexyl (tphn), octyl (tpon), and p-xylyl (tpxn) linkers have been synthesized and characterized through X-ray single-crystal structure analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Complex 1 is a μ-fluorido-bis-μ-acetato dinuclear Mn(II) complex where the ligand tphn coordinates to both terminal sides of a dinuclear Mn unit. In contrast, complexes 2 and 3 are tetranuclear Mn(II) complexes with a macrocyclic structure, in which two dinuclear Mn units are linked by ligands tpon or tpxn. The redox behaviors of 1 and 2 were elucidated by cyclic voltammetry, revealing two metal-centered redox processes corresponding to Mn2(II,II)/Mn2(II,III) and Mn2(II,III)/Mn2(III,III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling of magnetic, thermal and structural force fields exists in the design, manufacture and operation of the magnetic core of transformer and motor, which makes the experimental data obtained from the standard magnetic properties measurement inconsistent with the actual problem. In order to obtain the magnetic properties measurement data of soft magnetic materials such as electrical steel sheet under multiple physical factors, the magnetic circuit structure was improved on the basis of the standard single sheet tester. At the same time, anti-bending clips made of polyether ether ketone were installed in order to prevent the bending deformation of the sample sheet during the application of tensile stress which would lead to uneven force. Then0 this basic structure of the tester under the coupling of temperature and stress is designed. In order to further improve the excitation performance of the tester and the magnetization uniformity of the sample, combined with COMSOL and MATLAB co-simulation, adaptive genetic algorithm was used to optimize the size of the yoke and excitation coil, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution in the measurement area of the sample. Finally, by combining simulation and specific experiments, the loss measurement results of a single sheet tester under different ambient temperatures and different stresses are studied, which proves that the tester is feasible and accurate, and the variation law of complex magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under multiple physical fields is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron differential phase-contrast imaging (DPCI) plays a pivotal role in analyzing magnetic domain structures and field gradients in materials, necessitating high-quality neutron absorption gratings for enhanced fringe contrast. Traditional fabrication techniques, typically filling gadolinium (Gd) or Gd-containing materials into the corresponding grating structures, face challenges in achieving optimal Gd filling ratios and thickness, limiting the neutron DPCI system's performance. This paper introduces an approach utilizing ultrasound-assisted filling method to introduce Gd particles into grating trenches with dense deposition, achieving an absorption grating period of 42 μ m. This method achieves an equivalent Gd thickness of 80.3 μ m, corresponding to the filling ratio of 53.53%, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray micro-imaging. The utilization of an ultrasound not only improves the Gd filling ratio, but also suggests potential scalability for large-area grating production, marking a significant advancement in neutron DPCI technology by providing high-quality components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temporal resolution of measurements of the magnetic field and plasma of Mars is provided by observations on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN; Jakosky et al., 2015) satellite, making it possible to analyze thin layers of the plasma envelope of Mars. This paper describes the magnetic structure associated with the daytime Martian magnetopause. It was shown that the solar wind passing through the shock wave on the dayside of Mars does not directly interact with the Martian ionosphere. A layer of plasma and magnetic field 200–300 km thick forms the daytime magnetosphere, which is the region between the magnetosheath and the ionosphere (Vaisberg and Shuvalov, 2020). There are two types of daytime magnetosphere: (1) the more common type of magnetosphere consists of heated and accelerated O+ ions and , located between the ionosphere and the flowing hot stream of Mars; (2) another type of daytime magnetosphere consists of accelerated O+ ions and in the magnetosheath, where they form a continuing accelerated beam, forming a plume. Between the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere there is a magnetic structure that rotates, almost without changing its size. This structure is located in the second part of the np/(np + nh) transition from ~1 to ~10–2. The transition between the magnetosheath and magnetosphere occurs smoothly, both in energy density and in ion composition, with a decrease in the proton flux and an increase in the heavy ion flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few real case examples are presented on how to report magnetic structures, with precise step‐by‐step explanations, following the guidelines of the IUCr Commission on Magnetic Structures [Perez‐Mato et al. (2024). Acta Cryst. B80, 219–234]. Four examples have been chosen, illustrating different types of single‐k magnetic orders, from the basic case to more complex ones, including odd‐harmonics, and one multi‐k order. In addition to acquainting researchers with the process of communicating commensurate magnetic structures, these examples also aim to clarify important concepts, which are used throughout the guidelines, such as the transformation to a standard setting of a magnetic space group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the neutron powder diffraction measurements carried out for R5Pt2In4 (R = Tb–Tm) are reported. The compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic crystal structure of the Lu5Ni2In4‐type with the rare earth atoms occupying three different sublattices. Neutron diffraction data reveal that at low temperatures the rare earth magnetic moments order below the critical temperature equal to 105, 93, 28, 12 and 3.8 K for R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm, respectively. With decreasing temperature the rare earth magnetic moments at the 2a and 4g2 sites order first, while the moments at the 4g1 site order at lower temperatures. Ferrimagnetic order along the c axis, described by the propagation vector k1 = [0, 0, 0], develops in Tb5Pt2In4 below the Curie temperature (TC = 105 K). At lower temperatures, an antiferromagnetic component in the ab plane appears. The component is incommensurate with the crystal structure (k2 = [0,0.66,½]), but it turns into a commensurate one (k3 = [0,0,½]) with decreasing temperature. Antiferromagnetic order along the c axis, described by k4 = [½,0,0], is found in Dy5Pt2In4 below the Néel temperature (TN = 93 K). The k4‐related component disappears below 80 K and the magnetic structure transforms into a ferro/ferrimagnetic one described by k1 = [0, 0, 0]. Further decrease in temperature leads to the appearance of an incommensurate antiferromagnetic component within the ab plane below 10 K (k2 = [0,0.45,½]), which finally turns into a commensurate one (k5 = [0,½,½]). In Ho5Pt2In4, a sine‐modulated magnetic structure with moments parallel to the c axis (k6 = [⅓,0,0]) is observed below 28 K. With a decrease in temperature, new components, related to k1 = [0, 0, 0] (bc plane) and k4 = [½,0,0] (c axis), appear. The coexistence of two orderings – in the ab plane (k1 = [0, 0, 0]) and a modulated one with moments along the b axis (k7 = [kx, 0, 0]) – is found in Er5Pt2In4 below 12 K. Decreasing temperature leads to the order–order transformation of the k1‐related component to another one with magnetic moments still constrained to the ab plane and preserved value of the propagation vector (i.e.k1 = [0, 0, 0]). Tm5Pt2In4 orders antiferromagnetically below TN = 3.8 K. Thulium magnetic moments lie in the ab plane, while the magnetic structure is described by k5 = [0,½,½]. The direction of magnetic moments depends on the rare earth element involved and indicates an influence of single ion anisotropy resulting from interaction with the crystalline electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report from the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Magnetic Structures outlining the recommendations for communicating commensurate magnetic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]