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This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital controller for a lathe to machine workpieces with noncircular cross sections. Noncircular cutting is accomplished by controlling the radial tool position in the direction normal to the surface of workpiece. A discrete time model for the tool carriage in the radial direction is obtained by a least squares method applied to input and output data. The model is used for designing digital feedback and feedforward controllers. The zero phase error tracking control algorithm is applied as a feedforward control law for positioning of the tool along desired time varying signals. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated by experiment and simulation.

The planning methodology presented in this paper is an application of recent advances in optimization techniques for distribution substation siting and radial feeder planning. The concept of a long range horizon year (target) is used together with a time-phased expansion process beginning with the base year and progressing to the target year. An optimal static horizon year design is first determined using a fixed charge transshipment problem formulation (FCNP). The FCNP solution methodology employs the branch-and- bound algorithm and includes explicit modeling of fixed charge and variable cost components for improved accu- racy. The time-phased expansion process selects substation sites and feeder routings from the horizon (or target) year plan, thus providing an orderly and coherent expansion. This method easily incorporates existing facilities in the decision process for maximum benefit. An example of an actual planning study is presented to illustrate the horizon year target system selection and the corresponding time-phased expansion patterns.

A recent experiment [1 ] has reported a non-zero signal for second class currents [2] in the/3-decyas of several nuclear species. Second class currents have not yet, however, been observed in any particle physics experiment. In this paper we investigate some phenomenological consequences for ?article physics of a particular model for the second class current. Remarkably, withir the framework of the model, we are led to a second class current which couples to, the weak interactions with the same strength as the ordinary current, when the normalization is chosen in a particularly simple way. Second class currents do not naturally appear in the quark model. If they are large it could considerably complicate weak interaction theory; in particular, the weak and electromagnetic interactions could no longer generate only an SU(2) X U(1) as they do in the conventional theory. The second class current [3-5] *** by definition has the value -1 for the quant~lm number ((-1)IGp)((-1)J+ I), while the first class current has the value +I for this quantum number. The odd value for this combination is usually described as having the opposite G to the usual current. An ffpair, where fis a spin-½ fermion, has an

This paper discusses development of a computer algorithm which can select one overall reactive power installation pattern that will satisfy system performance constraints for both base case and contingency conditions. The cost of installation and base case losses are minimized. In addition, existing controllers are fully utilized prior to any addition of new installation. The computing algorithm employs a reduced gradient method of optimization in conjunction with simplex and integer routines to solve the reactive power allocation problem. The resulting program has been tested on a sample Consolidated Edison system.

Thymidine kinase derived from LMTK+ does not exhibit thymidylate kinase activity. However, protein isolated by affinity column chromatography from thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells (LMTK-) infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 shows thymidylate kinase activity in addition to thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activities. The virus-induced multifunctional enzyme has a molecular weight of 85,000, whereas the molecular weight of thymidylate kinase from uninfected LMTK- mouse cells is 71,000. The virus-induced enzyme has a Km for thymidine of 0.8 micromolar, and for thymidylate of 25 micromolar, and for thymidylate of 25 micromolar; the ratio of Vmax for thymidylate kinase to thymidine kinase is 1.7. When subjected to isoelectric focusing, thymidylate kinase activity is not separated from thymidine kinase activity, and even though four peaks of activity are observed they have a constant ratio of thymidylate kinase to thymidine kinase activity. The isoelectric points (pI) of these four peaks are 4.8, 5.8, 6.2, and 6.6, respectively. Thymidylate kinase, derived from uninfected cells when subjected to isoelectric focusing, separates into a major component with an isoelectric point at pH 8.2 and a minor component at pH 7.7. Although thymidine and thymidylate kinase activities derived from the virus-infected cells cannot be separated either by affinity column chromatography, glycerol density gradient centrifugation, or isoelectric focusing, there is a differential rate of inactivation when the enzyme is subjected to incubation at 37 degrees, with thymidylate kinase activity being more labile than thymidine kinase activity.

The affinities of the monophosphates of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil and its 5-methyl analog for cellular thymidylate kinase were two or more orders of magnitude greater than for the thymidine-thymidylate kinases from herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. In contrast, the monophosphate of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine was found to have a higher affinity for the viral enzymes than for the cellular enzyme.

Recent experimental evidence implies that there is no A$sub 1$ resonance. Some consequences of this for the interpretation of chiral symmetry are examined in terms of sum rules and their contribution from low-mass vector or axial-vector states. (AIP)

Radioactive 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (5'-AdThd), an inhibitor of herpes simplex virus, was synthesized by direct amination of monotosylated thymidine with concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Incubation of 5'-AdThd with purified herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase produced the diphosphate derivative. The monphosphate derivative of 5'-AdThd was not detected as a reaction product of this enzymatic phosphorylation. A purified mixture of nonviral thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase derived from uninfected Vero cells was unable to phosphorylate 5'-AdThd under identical conditions. The rate of hydrolysis of 5'-AdThd diphosphate increased as the pH of the reaction mixture decreased, with a shoulder region appearing between pH 3 and 5. The rate of hydrolysis was markedly increased below pH 3. 5'-AdThd, but not the monophosphate derivative, was detected in the hydrolysis mixture. The hydrolysis of 5'-AdThd diphosphate pH 3 also yielded some thymine in addition to 5'-AdThd.

A brief background on the status of microcomputer-based health education programs is presented. Within the current context, the authors propose a series of 13 questions arranged in hierarchical fashion to evaluate microcomputer-based health education. The value of this approach is that technically flawed programs can be screened out and important health education concerns can be integrated into an evaluation of software.

A decrease in the in vitro sensitivity to acyclovir (ACV) was observed in successive isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 from three immunocompromised patients during intravenous therapy with this drug. The ACV-resistant isolate from patient 1 was cross-resistant to dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine and bromovinyldeoxyuridine, but still susceptible to three fluoro-substituted pyrimidines, 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (FIAC), 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FIAU), and 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine (FMAU). The thymidine kinase (TK) from the resistant isolate showed a 50-fold or greater reduction in affinity for thymidine, FIAU, FMAU, and ACV, but the total enzyme activity was similar to that of the sensitive isolate. The ACV-resistant isolate from patient 2 was also resistant to dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, and the fluoro-substituted compounds; TK activity for this isolate was less than 1% of the patient's pretherapy isolate. An isolate obtained during a subsequent recurrence in patient 2 was susceptible to ACV and the other TK-dependent agents. The ACV-resistant isolate from patient 3 was partially resistant to FIAC and FIAU but still susceptible to FMAU; the viral TK had a 10-fold-lower affinity for ACV, FIAU, and FMAU than did the sensitive pretherapy isolate, while the level of TK activity detected was reduced to 6%. In none of the isolates studied was a change in sensitivity to phosphonoformic acid observed. Compared with the corresponding pretherapy ACV-sensitive isolates, there was a 30-fold decrease in neurovirulence for mice of the two drug-resistant isolates with diminished levels of thymidine-phosphorylating activity and no change in virulence for the third isolate. These findings indicate that mixed patterns of drug-resistance to TK-dependent antiviral compounds can occur in clinical isolates, resulting from changes in either the amount or the affinity of viral TK activity.

In 1982, a statewide survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of health risk factors among Ohio's population. The survey was mandated by a health education-risk reduction grant to the Ohio Department of Health. The background, development, and validation of the survey instrument are described. The four goals of "Health Ohio"--the collection of descriptive statistics on selected risk factors for adult Ohioans, the compilation of baseline data, the development of a standard methodology for a prevalence survey, and the reporting of these findings for potential users of the data--were achieved. The population sample consisted of 607 Ohioans aged 18 and older who were polled by telephone. Subjects were selected through a modified random digit dialing technique. As a result of this technique and the designation of a specific household respondent, demographic characteristics of the sample matched those of the State's population in the 1980 census. Among the implications of the survey findings were the needs to (a) remove economic barriers that apparently impede the installation of residential smoke detectors, (b) initiate health education at an earlier age to counter cigarette smoking trends, and (c) encourage adult self-determination in reducing health risk. The February 1982 "Health Ohio" data describing the need for intervention to reduce health risk factors have become the basis for health education-risk reduction efforts of the Ohio Department of Health. In addition, "Health Ohio" has spawned two local prevalence surveys in the State; these resulted in more precise local data on the prevalence of health risk factors. Other multiplier effects of health education-risk reduction projects should be documented for future reference.

5-Iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (AIdUrd) is a novel thymidine analog which inhibits herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HS-1 virus) replication in the absence of detectable host toxicity. When murine, simian, or human cells in culture are treated with [125I]AIdUrd for up to 24 hours essentially none of the nucleoside becomes cell-associated. In contrast, upon HS-1 virus infection significant radiolabel is detected in both nucleotide pools and in DNA. The major acid-soluble metabolite has been shown by enzymic and chromatographic analysis to be the 5'-triphosphate of AIdUrd. DNA from HS-1 virus-infected Vero cells labeled with [14C]thymidine, 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), or [125I]AIdUrd was isolated by buoyant density centrifugation and subjected to digestion by pancreatic DNase I, spleen DNase II, micrococcal nuclease, spleen, and venom phosphodiesterases. Analysis of the digestion products clearly indicate that AIdUrd is incorporated internally into the DNA structure. DNA containing AIdUrd therefore contains phosphoramidate (P-N) bonds, known to be extremely acid-labile. The selective HS-1 virus-induced phosphorylation of AIdUrd and its subsequent incorporation into DNA may account for the unique biological activity of the AIdUrd nucleoside.

With the aim of evaluating the effect of high dose irradiation (6,500 cGy/36 fractions or higher) to pituitary fossa, a prospective study was carried out in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer by a serial determination of several hormones in the serum, before and after the course of radiation therapy (RT). The radiation treatment field was at least 1 cm above the skull base with bilateral parallel opposing fields. Hormone assays were performed three times on each patient: (1) prior to, (2) one month after, (3) 15-18 months after radiation therapy. The study included determination of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin concentrations and LH-releasing hormone, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation and insulin tolerance tests were also carried out. Complete profiles were obtained in 24 patients (16 males and 8 females), aged 16-67 years. The results showed a significant decrease in the level of serum peak value of LH in males 18 months after therapy, and also in GH both one month and 18 months after therapy. A significant increase in the peak value of serum TSH observed after therapy. Decreased serum FSH, cortisol and prolactin levels were noted, but these did not reach statistical significance. The decrease in GH level appeared earlier and was more sensitive than that found for the other hormones, and could prove to be a useful parameter for clinical evaluation. None of the patients showed any clinically recognizable symptoms or signs of hormone deficiency in the 18-33 months following completion of the radiation therapy.

Mitochondria prepared from either rat liver, kidney or heart were loaded with Ca 2+ and then the efflux was observed after adding Ruthenium Red. The efflux of Ca 2+ was stimulated by adding either NaCl, lysolecithin, or palmitoyl CoA or oleate. Measurements were made of the quantities of previously [ 14 C]-labelled adenine nucleotide lost from the mitochondria as function of the loss of Ca 2+ . The two losses are correlated with coefficients between 0.85 and 0.92 in absence of bongkrekic acid. With bongkrekic acid present the adenine nucleotide loss tends to be diminished with respect to the Ca 2+ loss; the most significant effect is seen with heart mitochondria. The bongkrekic acid potentiates the stimulation of Ca 2+ efflux by Na +

Since 1982, two major developments in the worksite wellness are that: A) Wellness has surpassed the point of being a fad and is being woven into the fabric of the work-place; and B) Worksite health promotion programs have surpassed the point of being quiescent benefits for employers and employees to being documented quantifiable and qualitative benefits. Seven evidences are discussed to substantiate the first development, and a series of studies are cited to demonstrate definitive healthful changes attributable to the emphasis on wellness and the documentable economic benefits associated with worksite wellness programs.

Thymidine kinase derived from LMTK+ does not exhibit thymidylate kinase activity. However, protein isolated by affinity column chromatography from thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells (LMTK-) infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 shows thymidylate kinase activity in addition to thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activities. The virus-induced multifunctional enzyme has a molecular weight of 85,000, whereas the molecular weight of thymidylate kinase from uninfected LMTK- mouse cells is 71,000. The virus-induced enzyme has a Km for thymidine of 0.8 micromolar, and for thymidylate of 25 micromolar, and for thymidylate of 25 micromolar; the ratio of Vmax for thymidylate kinase to thymidine kinase is 1.7. When subjected to isoelectric focusing, thymidylate kinase activity is not separated from thymidine kinase activity, and even though four peaks of activity are observed they have a constant ratio of thymidylate kinase to thymidine kinase activity. The isoelectric points (pI) of these four peaks are 4.8, 5.8, 6.2, and 6.6, respectively. Thymidylate kinase, derived from uninfected cells when subjected to isoelectric focusing, separates into a major component with an isoelectric point at pH 8.2 and a minor component at pH 7.7. Although thymidine and thymidylate kinase activities derived from the virus-infected cells cannot be separated either by affinity column chromatography, glycerol density gradient centrifugation, or isoelectric focusing, there is a differential rate of inactivation when the enzyme is subjected to incubation at 37 degrees, with thymidylate kinase activity being more labile than thymidine kinase activity.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an opportunistic and vision-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients. Currently available antiviral agents have been unsuccessful in halting its progression. We report a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis which occurred 6 months after renal transplantation and was successfully treated with an investigational drug, ganciclovir (DHPG [Dihydroxy propoxymethyl guanine], Cytovene, BW-B759U), via intravenous administration, with resolution of active retinal lesions and the cessation of cytomegalovirus shedding in the urine. There was neither a recurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis nor an occurrence of retinal detachment during the 9-month follow-up after intravenous ganciclovir therapy.

E-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrvdUrd) and E-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IvdUrd) are among the most potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. To elucidate the site of inhibition, we examined whether the halovinyl analogs are incorporated into DNA using two approaches. (i) In assays with purified DNA polymerases omitting dTTP from the reaction system, addition of either BrvdUTP or IvdUTP increased the polymerization reaction, indicating that these two analog triphosphates can be alternate substrates. (ii) When HSV-1-infected Vero cells were grown in the presence of either BrvdUrd or IvdUrd, there was an increase in the density of both the viral and cellular DNA. The viral DNA had 40% of its thymidine moiety substituted by IvdUrd when the concentration of [125I]IvdUrd was 24 microM (in the absence of added thymidine). At 30 microM BrvdUrd and 1 microM [2-14C]thymidine, the viral DNA had only 11% of its thymidine moiety substituted by BrvdUrd, presumably because of the presence of added thymidine. Following digestion of [125I]IvdUrd-substituted DNA with DNase 1, venom phosphodiesterase, and alkaline phosphatase, the radioactivity co-migrated with nonradioactive IvdUrd in thin layer chromatography. Under similar conditions, no detectable incorporation of either [125I]IvdUrd or BrvdUrd into mock-infected Vero cell DNA was observed. Thus, IvdUrd and BrvdUrd are incorporated into DNA of HSV-1 infected cells but not into DNA of uninfected cells.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) occurs in two different genetic forms, hereditary and nonhereditary. Patients with nonhereditary Rb have unilateral, unifocal tumors, and those with the hereditary form usually have bilateral, multiple tumors. However, about 15% of patients with unilateral disease actually have multifocal tumors due to the hereditary form of Rb. Distinction between unilateral hereditary and sporadic Rb is very important both to the patient, who is at risk of later development of other malignancies, and to any future siblings and offspring. With only clinical data, the discrimination may be difficult. The cytogenetic detection of multiple unrelated clones in the tumor is very helpful for differential diagnosis because this finding strongly suggests the presence of a prezygotic germ cell mutation, which is heritable. A 23-month-old Chinese boy was found to have a single retinoblastoma at the right eye. Cytogenetic study of the tumor cells revealed three abnormal clones. Two of them were related, but the third one had completely different markers, suggesting a hereditary, multifocal origin of the tumor. None of the three clones showed an abnormality of 13q, which is present in about 21% of all Rb patients.

3'-Amino-3'-deoxythymidine decreased the incorporation of [2-14C]thymidine into DNA of L1210 cells in vitro, and produced an accumulation of [2-14C]thymidine di- and triphosphate. The extent of these effects varied with the amount of recovery time after removal of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine prior to addition of labeled thymidine. The distribution of radioactivity in the acid-soluble fraction derived from [3H]3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine was as follows: 50% as 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine, 20% as the monophosphate, 10% as the diphosphate, and 20% as the triphosphate derivatives. No incorporation of [3H]3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine into L1210 DNA could be detected. 3'-Amino-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate is a competitive inhibitor against dTTP with a Ki of 3.3 microM, whereas the Km for dTTP was 8 microM using activated calf thymus DNA as the template and DNA polymerase-alpha. These data indicate that a major site of inhibition by 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine is inhibition of the DNA polymerase reaction.

A connected hypercube containing faulty components (nodes or links) is called an injured hypercube. To enable non-faulty nodes to communicate with each other in an injured hypercube, the information of component failures must be made available to those non-faulty nodes for them to route messages around the faulty components.We develop a fault-tolerant routing scheme which requires each node to know only the information on the failure of its own links. Performance of this scheme is rigorously analyzed. This scheme is not only shown to be capable of routing messages successfully in injured hypercubes when the number of component failures is less than n, but also proved to be able to choose a shortest path with a very high probability.

This study examined the relationships between the preventive dental behaviors (PDBs) of children from 495 American families, their mothers' socioeconomic status (SES), health beliefs, and dental behaviors. Mothers' PDBs were the cofactors most strongly correlated with children's PDBs.

An overview of a model for aging of positive photoresists is presented. Photoresist samples were held at different temperatures for varying periods of time. Physical and spectral properties were monitored to determine rates of change as a function of temperature. Since the resists contain photoactive diazonaphthoquinones, which slowly decompose when heated, photospeed and nitrogen evolution were measured to obtain information about the decomposition rates of the photoactive compounds. Kinetics of change of coating thickness, viscosity, contrast, unexposed thickness loss, Dill parameters, and CO2 evolution were also determined to better understand the aging process in resists.

The workplace is a relatively recent and an increasingly recognized setting for health education. In this article, philosophical and economic reasons for this movement of health education in the workplace are cited. Currently the workplace is one of the fastest growing markets for health education. In most institutions, preparing health educators for the workplace has not been adequately addressed. Consequently, an experimental course entitled "Health Promotion and Educational Strategies for the Workplace" was developed and taught at The Ohio State University in the summer of 1981. Besides an extensive reading list and lively class discussions, the course was team-taught primarily by a health education faculty member and a health insurance program manager/health educator.