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2,262 results on '"M., Longo"'

151. Integrating multimodal data to support Alzheimer’s disease target prioritization

Author

Gregory A. Cary, Jake Gockley, Benoit Lehallier, Karina Leal, Anna K Greenwood, Joshua M Shulman, Frank M Longo, Allan I Levey, Lara M Mangravite, Benjamin A Logsdon, and Gregory W Carter

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Published
2021

153. MODERN STEREOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN THE AGING HUMAN SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Author

Shuang Y Ma, Frank M Longo, Matias Röyttä, and Yrjö Collan

Subjects
aging, quantitation, stereology, substantia nigra, Medicine (General), R5-920, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Quantitative estimation of neuronal numbers in the human substantia nigra (SN) can be achieved by a conventional single section (SS) count or by the more modern stereological disector (DS) count. However, counting results from SS counts are potentially biased and might not accurately reflect the total neuronal number in the SN or the changes in the total number of neurons occurring during aging or with neurodegenerative disease. Potential sources of bias include the lack of linearity between cell number per area of section and cell number per volume; the variation in the counting level and orientation of tissue sections; and shrinkage of tissue. Modern stereological DS counting overcomes these problems and has played a crucial role in many recent studies in neuropathology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology and neurogenetics. Over the past decades, four stereology based counting methods including physical DS, physical fractionator, optical DS and optical fractionator, have been established for quantitative measurement. Recently, stereological estimates have revealed a linear reduction rate of total nigral neuronal numbers with age of about 10% per decade. These findings suggest that the surviving nigral neurons undergo a degenerative change leading to neuronal dysfunction with aging. Furthermore, as an advanced quantitative tool, modern stereological evaluation may provide new insights into the aging of the human SN thereby enabling us to better understand the pathophysiological processes in aging brain.

Published
2011
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154. PREP-CHEM-SRC – 1.0: a preprocessor of trace gas and aerosol emission fields for regional and global atmospheric chemistry models

Author

S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, M. F. Alonso, M. Pirre, V. Marecal, G. Grell, R. Stockler, R. F. Mello, and M. Sánchez Gácita

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The preprocessor PREP-CHEM-SRC presented in the paper is a comprehensive tool aiming at preparing emission fields of trace gases and aerosols for use in atmospheric-chemistry transport models. The considered emissions are from the most recent databases of urban/industrial, biogenic, biomass burning, volcanic, biofuel use and burning from agricultural waste sources. For biomass burning, emissions can be also estimated directly from satellite fire detections using a fire emission model included in the tool. The preprocessor provides emission fields interpolated onto the transport model grid. Several map projections can be chosen. The inclusion of these emissions in transport models is also presented. The preprocessor is coded using Fortran90 and C and is driven by a namelist allowing the user to choose the type of emissions and the databases.

Published
2011
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155. The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) – Part 2: Model sensitivity to the biomass burning inventories

Author

K. M. Longo, S. R. Freitas, M. O. Andreae, A. Setzer, E. Prins, and P. Artaxo

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We describe an estimation technique for biomass burning emissions in South America based on a combination of remote-sensing fire products and field observations, the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM). For each fire pixel detected by remote sensing, the mass of the emitted tracer is calculated based on field observations of fire properties related to the type of vegetation burning. The burnt area is estimated from the instantaneous fire size retrieved by remote sensing, when available, or from statistical properties of the burn scars. The sources are then spatially and temporally distributed and assimilated daily by the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) in order to perform the prognosis of related tracer concentrations. Three other biomass burning inventories, including GFEDv2 and EDGAR, are simultaneously used to compare the emission strength in terms of the resultant tracer distribution. We also assess the effect of using the daily time resolution of fire emissions by including runs with monthly-averaged emissions. We evaluate the performance of the model using the different emission estimation techniques by comparing the model results with direct measurements of carbon monoxide both near-surface and airborne, as well as remote sensing derived products. The model results obtained using the 3BEM methodology of estimation introduced in this paper show relatively good agreement with the direct measurements and MOPITT data product, suggesting the reliability of the model at local to regional scales.

Published
2010
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156. Material particulado (PM2.5) de queima de biomassa e doenças respiratórias no sul da Amazônia brasileira Particulate matter (PM2.5) of biomass burning emissions and respiratory diseases in the south of the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva, Inês E. Mattos, Saulo R. Freitas, Karla M. Longo, and Sandra S. Hacon

Subjects
Material particulado, Queimadas, Doenças do aparelho respiratório, Amazônia, Particulate matter, Biomass burning emission, Respiratory diseases, Brazilian Amazon, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJETIVOS: Analisar espacialmente o efeito da exposição ao material particulado (PM2.5) na ocorrência de doenças do aparelho respiratório de crianças de um a quatro anos e de idosos com sessenta e cinco anos ou mais nos municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso em 2004. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico em duas etapas. A primeira foi uma investigação da autocorrelação espacial global da prevalência de internações por doenças respiratórias e do percentual de horas críticas de concentração do material particulado nos municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, empregando-se o método bayesiano empírico para minimização das flutuações aleatórias dos indicadores e a estatística Moran "global". A segunda, uma regressão múltipla espacial, teve como variáveis resposta a prevalência de internações por doenças respiratórias, e como variável de exposição o percentual de horas críticas anuais. Para ajuste, foram utilizadas variáveis proxies de poluição do ar, variáveis de atenção à saúde e de condições de vida da população. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados padrões espaciais globais de prevalência de doenças respiratórias em grupos sensíveis nos municípios, mas evidenciou-se elevada dependência espacial do percentual de horas críticas anuais de concentração do material particulado. Na regressão múltipla, foram observadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a prevalência de internações por doenças respiratórias e o percentual de horas críticas anuais de material particulado. CONCLUSÕES: As emissões de material particulado originadas de queimadas na Amazônia Legal estão relacionadas à prevalência de internações por doenças respiratórias em grupos populacionais sensíveis nos municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso.OBJECTIVES: To analyze the morbidity of patients with respiratory diseases and the effect of exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) on the occurrence of these diseases in children from one to four years of age and adults aged to 65 years and older in municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2004. METHODS: Ecological study in two stages: The first was an investigation of the global space autocorrelation of the prevalence of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases and percentage of critical hours of concentration of particulate matter in the municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso, using the Empirical Bayes Smoothing function to minimize random fluctuations of indicators and Global Moran's I. The second, a Multiple Spatial Regression Analysis, had the prevalence of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases as the outcome variable and the annual percentage of critical hours as independent variable. In order to fit the model, proxy variables of air pollution, population healthcare and living conditions variables were used. RESULTS: No global spatial patterns were observed for hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in the municipalities; however, a high spatial dependence of the annual percentage of critical hours was detected. In the Multiple Spatial Regression, the models presented significant associations between the annual percentage of critical hours and numbers of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: We noted that intense production of particulate matter resulting from burning in the 'Legal Amazon' can increase the occurrence of respiratory diseases in vulnerable groups in the municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso, which belongs to the Brazilian Amazon.

Published
2010
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157. Modelling the reversible uptake of chemical species in the gas phase by ice particles formed in a convective cloud

Author

V. Marécal, M. Pirre, E. D. Rivière, N. Pouvesle, J. N. Crowley, S. R. Freitas, and K. M. Longo

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The present paper is a preliminary study preparing the introduction of reversible trace gas uptake by ice particles into a 3-D cloud resolving model. For this a 3-D simulation of a tropical deep convection cloud was run with the BRAMS cloud resolving model using a two-moment bulk microphysical parameterization. Trajectories within the convective clouds were computed from these simulation outputs along which the variations of the pristine ice, snow and aggregate mixing ratios and concentrations were extracted. The reversible uptake of 11 trace gases by ice was examined assuming applicability of Langmuir isotherms using recently evaluated (IUPAC) laboratory data. The results show that ice uptake is only significant for HNO3, HCl, CH3COOH and HCOOH. For H2O2, using new results for the partition coefficient results in significant partitioning to the ice phase for this trace gas also. It was also shown that the uptake is largely dependent on the temperature for some species. The adsorption saturation at the ice surface for large gas mixing ratios is generally not a limiting factor except for HNO3 and HCl for gas mixing ratio greater than 1 ppbv. For HNO3, results were also obtained using a trapping theory, resulting in a similar order of magnitude of uptake, although the two approaches are based on different assumptions. The results were compared to those obtained using a BRAMS cloud simulation based on a single-moment microphysical scheme instead of the two moment scheme. We found similar results with a slightly more important uptake when using the single-moment scheme which is related to slightly higher ice mixing ratios in this simulation. The way to introduce these results in the 3-D cloud model is discussed.

Published
2010
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158. Simultaneous detection of enteropathogenic viruses in buffalos faeces using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR)

Author

U. Pagnini, G. Pisanelli, S. Montagnaro, L. De Martino, S. Roperto, R. Frontoso, G. Iovane, and M. Longo

Subjects
BVDV, BCoV, Rotavirus, mRT-PCR, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

A multiplex reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay that detects Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Group A Rotaviruses in infected cell-culture fluids and clinical faecal samples is described. One hundred twenty faecal samples from buffalo calves with acute gastroenteritis were tested. The mRT-PCR was validated against simplex RT-PCR with published primers for Pestivirus, Coronavirus and Rotavirus. The multiplex RT-PCR was equally sensitive and specific in detecting viral infections compared with simplex RT-PCR. The mRT-PCR readily identified viruses by discriminating the size of their amplified gene products. This mRT-PCR may be a sensitive and rapid assay for surveillance of buffalo enteric viruses in field specimens. This novel multiplex RT-PCR is an attractive technique for the rapid, specific, and cost-effective laboratory diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis.

Published
2010
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159. Technical Note: Sensitivity of 1-D smoke plume rise models to the inclusion of environmental wind drag

Author

S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, J. Trentmann, and D. Latham

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Vegetation fires emit hot gases and particles which are rapidly transported upward by the positive buoyancy generated by the combustion process. In general, the final vertical height that the smoke plumes reach is controlled by the thermodynamic stability of the atmospheric environment and the surface heat flux released by the fire. However, the presence of a strong horizontal wind can enhance the lateral entrainment and induce additional drag, particularly for small fires, impacting the smoke injection height. In this paper, we revisit the parameterization of the vertical transport of hot gases and particles emitted from vegetation fires, described in Freitas et al. (2007), to include the effects of environmental wind on transport and dilution of the smoke plume at its scale. This process is quantitatively represented by introducing an additional entrainment term to account for organized inflow of a mass of cooler and drier ambient air into the plume and its drag by momentum transfer. An extended set of equations including the horizontal motion of the plume and the additional increase of the plume radius is solved to simulate the time evolution of the plume rise and the smoke injection height. One-dimensional (1-D) model results are presented for two deforestation fires in the Amazon basin with sizes of 10 and 50 ha under calm and windy atmospheric environments. The results are compared to corresponding simulations generated by the complex non-hydrostatic three-dimensional (3-D) Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM). We show that the 1-D model results compare well with the full 3-D simulations. The 1-D model may thus be used in field situations where extensive computing facilities are not available, especially under conditions for which several optional cases must be studied.

Published
2010

160. A comparison study of regional atmospheric simulations with an elastic backscattering Lidar and sunphotometry in an urban area

Author

E. Landulfo, S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, S. T. Uehara, and P. Sawamura

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We describe a comparison study of Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) from numerical simulations using a regional atmospheric model with an elastic backscattering lidar operating at 532 nm and a sunphotometer belonging to the AERONET network at São Paulo (23° S 46° W) city, Brazil, a very populated urban area. The atmospheric model includes an aerosol emission, transport and deposition module coupled to a radiative transfer parameterization, which takes the interaction between aerosol particles and short and long wave radiation into account. A period of one week was taken as case study during the dry season (late August) when intense biomass burning activities occur at remote areas in South America, and meteorological conditions disfavor the pollution dispersion in the city of São Paulo. The situation presented here showed how smoke from biomass burning in remote areas is transported to the south-east part of Brazil and affects the optical atmospheric conditions in São Paulo. The numerical simulations are corroborated by in situ measurements of AOT obtained by lidar and sun photometry.

Published
2009

161. Modelagem numérica da composição química da atmosfera e seus impactos no tempo, clima e qualidade do ar Numerical modeling of the atmosphere chemistry composition and of its impacts on weather, climate and air quality

Author

Saulo R. Freitas, Karla M. Longo, and Luiz F. Rodrigues

Subjects
Qualidade do ar, gases traço, aerossóis, química da atmosfera, modelos ambientais, Air quality, trace gases, aerosol, atmospheric chemistry, numerical modeling, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Uma descrição geral da modelagem numérica da composição química da atmosfera é fornecida neste trabalho. Os papéis relevantes de alguns gases traço e aerossóis no balanço radiativo do planeta, na alteração do ciclo hidrológico e na poluição do ar são discutidos. Partindo da equação da continuidade, integrada no sistema de equações governantes da atmosfera, os diversos termos que constituem a emissão, deposição, reatividade química e transporte (resolvido e sub-grade) são apresentados juntamente com formas de obter a solução numérica. Dentre os componentes desta equação, o termo de reatividade química se destaca pela complexidade do problema em si, na obtenção da solução numérica e no alto custo computacional envolvido. Exemplos são fornecidos utilizando o modelo CCATT-BRAMS com recente inclusão de reatividade química. Em particular, a simulação do ozônio troposférico constitui uma tarefa complexa pela falta de dados de emissões, porém resultados obtidos são compatíveis com outros modelos validados. Simulações numéricas realizadas, para a estação seca de 2002, permitiram estudar possíveis ciclos biogeoquímicos e corredores de formação e deposição de ozônio e aerossóis de queimadas, assim como o papel destes últimos na estabilização termodinâmica e precipitação.A general description of the numerical modeling of the atmospheric chemical composition is presented. The relevant role played by some trace gases and aerosols on the Earth radiative budget, hydrological cycle and air quality are discussed. The formulation for emission, deposition, chemical reactions and transport (resolved and sub-grid scale) processes are introduced within the mass continuity equation integrated to the basic equations system for the Earth atmosphere. The numerical aspects of this formulation are as well discussed, specially the intrinsic complexity and the high computational costs of the chemical reactions system. Examples are showed using results obtained with the CCATT - BRAMS model, such as the sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone simulation to reliable emission data and comparison of the CCATT-BRAMS results with other model. Numerical simulations performed for the 2002 dry season allowed to study possible biogeochemical cycles and corridors of tropospheric ozone formation, transport and deposition from precursor's emissions by biomass burning activities. We also looked at the atmospheric model response to the direct effect of biomass burning aerosols on the thermodynamic equation and on the convective inhibition.

Published
2009
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162. The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) – Part 1: Model description and evaluation

Author

S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, M. A. F. Silva Dias, R. Chatfield, P. Silva Dias, P. Artaxo, M. O. Andreae, G. Grell, L. F. Rodrigues, A. Fazenda, and J. Panetta

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We introduce the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS). CATT-BRAMS is an on-line transport model fully consistent with the simulated atmospheric dynamics. Emission sources from biomass burning and urban-industrial-vehicular activities for trace gases and from biomass burning aerosol particles are obtained from several published datasets and remote sensing information. The tracer and aerosol mass concentration prognostics include the effects of sub-grid scale turbulence in the planetary boundary layer, convective transport by shallow and deep moist convection, wet and dry deposition, and plume rise associated with vegetation fires in addition to the grid scale transport. The radiation parameterization takes into account the interaction between the simulated biomass burning aerosol particles and short and long wave radiation. The atmospheric model BRAMS is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with several improvements associated with cumulus convection representation, soil moisture initialization and surface scheme tuned for the tropics, among others. In this paper the CATT-BRAMS model is used to simulate carbon monoxide and particulate material (PM2.5) surface fluxes and atmospheric transport during the 2002 LBA field campaigns, conducted during the transition from the dry to wet season in the southwest Amazon Basin. Model evaluation is addressed with comparisons between model results and near surface, radiosondes and airborne measurements performed during the field campaign, as well as remote sensing derived products. We show the matching of emissions strengths to observed carbon monoxide in the LBA campaign. A relatively good comparison to the MOPITT data, in spite of the fact that MOPITT a priori assumptions imply several difficulties, is also obtained.

Published
2009

163. Sources of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in North America determined from high-resolution atmospheric data

Author

S. M. Miller, D. M. Matross, A. E. Andrews, D. B. Millet, M. Longo, E. W. Gottlieb, A. I. Hirsch, C. Gerbig, J. C. Lin, B. C. Daube, R. C. Hudman, P. L. S. Dias, V. Y. Chow, and S. C. Wofsy

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We analyze the North American budget for carbon monoxide using data for CO and formaldehyde concentrations from tall towers and aircraft in a model-data assimilation framework. The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model for CO (STILT-CO) determines local to regional-scale CO contributions associated with production from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an ensemble of Lagrangian particles driven by high resolution assimilated meteorology. In many cases, the model demonstrates high fidelity simulations of hourly surface data from tall towers and point measurements from aircraft, with somewhat less satisfactory performance in coastal regions and when CO from large biomass fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory influence the continental US. Inversions of STILT-CO simulations for CO and formaldehyde show that current inventories of CO emissions from fossil fuel combustion are significantly too high, by almost a factor of three in summer and a factor two in early spring, consistent with recent analyses of data from the INTEX-A aircraft program. Formaldehyde data help to show that sources of CO from oxidation of CH4 and other VOCs represent the dominant sources of CO over North America in summer.

Published
2008

164. Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa with NCAR CAM

Author

H. Guan, R. B. Chatfield, S. R. Freitas, R. W. Bergstrom, and K. M. Longo

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We investigated the effects of fire-induced plume-rise on the simulation of carbon monoxide (CO) over Africa and its export during SAFARI 2000 using the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with a CO tracer and a plume-rise parameterization scheme. The plume-rise parameterization scheme simulates the consequences of strong buoyancy of hot gases emitted from biomass burning, including both dry and cloud-associated (pyro-cumulus) lofting. The current implementation of the plume-rise parameterization scheme into the global model provides an opportunity to examine the effect of plume-rise on long-range transport. The CAM simulation with the plume-rise parameterization scheme seems to show a substantial improvement of the agreements between the modeled and aircraft-measured vertical distribution of CO over Southern Africa biomass-burning area. The plume-rise mechanism plays a crucial role in lofting biomass-burning pollutants to the middle troposphere. In the presence of deep convection we found that the plume-rise mechanism results in a decrease of CO concentration in the upper troposphere. The plume-rise depletes the boundary layer, and thus leaves lower concentrations of CO to be lofted by the deep convection process. The effect of the plume-rise on free troposphere CO concentration is more important for the source area (short-distance transport) than for remote areas (long-distance transport). A budget analysis of CO burden over Southern Africa reveals the plume-rise process to have a similar impact as the chemical production of CO by OH and CH4. In addition, the plume-rise process has an minor impact on the regional export. These results further confirm and extend previous findings in a regional model study. Effective lofting of large concentration of CO by the plume-rise mechanism also has implications for local air quality forecasting in areas affected by other fire-related pollutants.

Published
2008

168. Widespread Utilization of Diverse Organophosphate Pollutants by Marine Bacteria

Author

Alon Savidor, Olena Trofimyuk, Andrea Castelli, Dan S. Tawfik, Yishai Levin, Artem Dubovetskyi, Liam M. Longo, Yacov Ashani, Dragana Despotovic, Einat Segev, Einav Aharon, Laura Fumagalli, Haim Leader, and Kesava Phaneendra Cherukuri

Subjects
Pollutant, biology, Phosphorus, Organophosphate, chemistry.chemical_element, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Marine bacteriophage, Bioremediation, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Anthropogenic pollutants, Bacteria
Abstract

Anthropogenic organophosphates (AOPs), such as phosphotriesters, are used extensively as plasticizers, flame retardants, nerve agents and pesticides. Soil bacteria bearing a phosphotriesterase (PTE) can degrade AOPs, but whether bacteria are capable of utilizing AOPs as a phosphorus source, and how widespread PTEs are in nature, remains unclear. Here, we report the utilization of diverse AOPs by four model marine bacteria and seventeen bacterial isolates from seawater samples. To unravel the details of AOP utilization, two novel PTEs from marine bacteria were isolated and characterized. When expressed in E. coli, these PTEs enabled growth on a pesticide analog as the sole phosphorus source. Utilization of AOPs provides bacteria with a source of phosphorus in depleted environments and offers a new prospect for the bioremediation of a pervasive class of anthropogenic pollutants.One sentence summaryWidespread utilization of diverse organophosphate pollutants by over 20 marine bacterial strains represents a new hope for ocean bioremediation.

Published
2021

169. Distinct Effects of The Hippocampal Transplantation of Neural And Mesenchymal Stem Cell In a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Beatriz M. Longo, Deborah Hukuda, Christiane Gimenes, Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro, Debora Hashiguchi, Henning Ulrich, Henrique Correia Campos, Simone Romariz, Yong Tang, and Qing Ye

Subjects
Transplantation, nervous system, mental disorders, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cancer research, Disease, Hippocampal formation, Biology, nervous system diseases, Transgenic Model
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly disabling condition, with no cure currently available that accounts for 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. Therefore, the study of possible therapeutic strategies for AD is required. For that, animal models which resemble the main aspects of AD has been largely employed. Similar to AD patients, the double transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice presents amyloid-β (Αβ) plaques in the cortex and hippocampus, hyperlocomotion, cognitive deficits, and exacerbated inflammatory response. Recent studies showed that these neuropathological features were reversed by the transplantation of stem cells. However, the comparison of the effects induced by neural (NSC) or mesenchymal (MSC) stem cells was never investigated in an AD animal model before. In view of that, the present study aimed to evaluate whether NSC or MSC transplantation into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice reverse AD-related alterations, namely locomotor activity (open field test), short- and long-term memory (object recognition test), Αβ plaques formation (6-E10 immune staining) and microglia activation (Iba-1 immune staining) in the hippocampus. NSC and MSC engraftment reduced the number of hippocampal Αβ plaques in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, and NSC reverted the peripheral hyperlocomotion activity displayed by APP/PS1 mice. Surprisingly, NSC increased microglia activation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and no impairment in short or long-term memory was observed in APP/PS1 mice. Altogether, this study reinforces the possible beneficial effects of NSC or MSC transplantation in the AD treatment.

Published
2021

170. Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models

Author

S. R. Freitas, K. M. Longo, R. Chatfield, D. Latham, M. A. F. Silva Dias, M. O. Andreae, E. Prins, J. C. Santos, R. Gielow, and J. A. Carvalho Jr.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We describe and begin to evaluate a parameterization to include the vertical transport of hot gases and particles emitted from biomass burning in low resolution atmospheric-chemistry transport models. This sub-grid transport mechanism is simulated by embedding a 1-D cloud-resolving model with appropriate lower boundary conditions in each column of the 3-D host model. Through assimilation of remote sensing fire products, we recognize which columns have fires. Using a land use dataset appropriate fire properties are selected. The host model provides the environmental conditions, allowing the plume rise to be simulated explicitly. The derived height of the plume is then used in the source emission field of the host model to determine the effective injection height, releasing the material emitted during the flaming phase at this height. Model results are compared with CO aircraft profiles from an Amazon basin field campaign and with satellite data, showing the huge impact that this mechanism has on model performance. We also show the relative role of each main vertical transport mechanisms, shallow and deep moist convection and the pyro-convection (dry or moist) induced by vegetation fires, on the distribution of biomass burning CO emissions in the troposphere.

Published
2007

172. Photopattern-Directed Electrodeposition of Microstructured Copper for Antibacterial Surface Coatings

Author

David J. Sconyers, Cameron M. Longo, and Joshua A. Maurer

Abstract

The development of electrodeposited surfaces with antiviral or antibacterial properties is a critical need in light of the realities of current and future pandemics. Increased use of chemical disinfectants represents a growing environmental problem, and in many cases threatens the surface finish of decontaminated products. To engineer new solutions to this problem, we can mimic biological systems that exhibit self-cleaning or bactericidal properties. In nature, surface morphology at the micro- and nanoscale are known to dramatically affect the adhesion of microorganisms and viral particles. These kinds of defined patterns and textures may be realized artificially through directed electrodeposition of transition metals from aqueous solution onto material surfaces of interest. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of such surfaces, enabled by the coating of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkoxysilanes and alkylphosphonates onto mild steel. Photo-induced monolayer patterning (PIMP) has been employed to selectively generate defect sites in these molecular photomasks, characterized by contact angle (CA) measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The electrolytic deposition of copper from aqueous solution onto the exposed steel in our photopatterned systems has been shown to result in variable surface microstructure. In addition, we will discuss biological assays to determine bacterial viability on the finished steel/copper surface.

Published
2022

174. Química atmosférica na Amazônia: a floresta e as emissões de queimadas controlando a composição da atmosfera amazônica Atmospheric chemistry in Amazonia: the forest and the biomass burning emissions controlling the composition of the Amazonian atmosphere

Author

Paulo Artaxo, Luciana V. Gatti, Ana M. Córdova Leal, Karla M. Longo, Saulo R. de Freitas, Luciene L. Lara, Theotonio M. Pauliquevis, Aline S. Procópio, and Luciana V. Rizzo

Subjects
Partículas de aerossóis, nuvens, precipitação, química atmosférica, gases traço, ozônio, Aerosol particles, clouds, precipitation, atmospheric chemistry, trace gases, ozone, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Entender os processos naturais que regulam a composição da atmosfera é crítico para que se possa desenvolver uma estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável na região. As grandes emissões de gases e partículas durante a estação seca provenientes das queimadas alteram profundamente a composição da atmosfera amazônica na maior parte de sua área. As concentrações de partículas de aerossóis e gases traço aumentam por fatores de 2 a 8 em grandes áreas, afetando os mecanismos naturais de uma série de processos atmosféricos na região amazônica. Os mecanismos de formação de nuvens, por exemplo, são profundamente alterados quando a concentração de núcleos de condensação de nuvens (NCN) passa de 200 a 300 NCN/cm³ na estação chuvosa para 5.000-10.000 NCN/centímetro cúbico na estação seca. As gotas de nuvens sofrem uma redução de tamanho de 18 a 25 micrômetros para 5 a 10 micrômetros, diminuindo a eficiência do processo de precipitação e suprimindo a formação de nuvens. A concentração de ozônio, um gás importante para a saúde da floresta amazônica passa de cerca de 12 partes por bilhão em volume (ppb) (concentração típica ao meio do dia na estação chuvosa) para valores em regiões fortemente impactadas por queimadas de até 100 ppb, nível que pode ser fitotóxico para a vegetação. O balanço de radiação é fortemente afetado, com uma perda líquida de até 70% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa na superfície.The understanding of the natural processes that regulate atmospheric composition in Amazonia is critical to the establishment of a sustainable development strategy in the region. The large emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the dry season, as a result of biomass burning, profoundly change the composition of the atmosphere in most of its area. The concentration of trace gases and aerosols increases by a factor of 2 to 8 over large areas, affecting the natural mechanisms of several key atmospheric processes in the region. Cloud formation mechanisms, for instance, are strongly affected when the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) changes from 200-300 CCN/cc in the wet season to 5,000-10,000 CCN/cc in the dry season. The cloud droplet radius is reduced from values of 18 to 25 micrometers in the wet season to 5 to 10 micrometers in the dry season, suppressing cloud formation and the occurrence of precipitation under some conditions. Ozone is a key trace gas for changes in the forest health, with concentrations increasing from 12 parts per billion (ppb), at the wet season, to values as high as 100 ppb (in the dry season in areas strongly affected by biomass burning emissions). At this level, ozone could be damaging the vegetation in regions far from the emissions. The atmospheric radiation balance is also strongly affected, with a net loss of up to 70% of photosynthetic active radiation at the surface.

Published
2005
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175. Emissões de queimadas em ecossistemas da América do Sul

Author

Saulo R. Freitas, Karla M. Longo, M. A. F. Silva Dias, and P. L. Silva Dias

Subjects
Queimadas, Mudanças climáticas, Modelagem numérica da atmosfera, Biomass burning, Climate change, Atmospheric numerical modeling, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

AS QUEIMADAS que ocorrem majoritariamente em áreas tropicais do planeta, são fontes importantes de poluentes para a atmosfera. Na América do Sul, durante os meses de inverno, uma área, principalmente de ecossistemas de cerrado e floresta, da ordem de 40 mil km² é queimada anualmente. Estas queimadas ocorrem primariamente nas regiões Amazônica e do Brasil Central, porém, através do transporte atmosférico de suas emissões resulta uma distribuição espacial de fumaça sobre uma extensa área, ao redor de 4-5 milhões de km², em muito superior a área onde estão concentradas as queimadas. Durante a combustão de biomassa são emitidos para a atmosfera gases poluentes e partículas de aerossol que interagem eficientemente com a radiação solar e afetam os processos de microfísica e dinâmica de formação de nuvens e a qualidade do ar. Os efeitos destas emissões excedem, portanto, a escala local e afetam regionalmente a composição e propriedades físicas e químicas da atmosfera na América do Sul e áreas oceânicas vizinhas, com potencial impacto em escala global.THE VEGETATION fires in tropical areas of the Earth are important sources of pollutants to the atmosphere. In South America, during the winter months, an area, mainly of cerrado and forest ecosystems, of approximately 40 thousand square kilometers is burned annually. The biomass burning occurs primarily in Amazon and Central of Brazil regions, but through atmospheric transport these emissions results in a spatial distribution of smoke over an extent area, of about 4-5 millions of square kilometers, much higher than the area where the fires are concentrated. During the combustion process are emitted to the atmosphere gases pollutants and aerosol particles that interact efficiently with radiation, microphysics process, dynamic of cloud formation and the air quality. The effects of these emissions exceed, therefore, the local scale and affect regionally the composition and physical and chemical properties of the South America atmosphere and neighborhood oceanic areas, with potential impact in a global scale.

Published
2005
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176. Porphyrin Binding and Irradiation Promote G-Quadruplex DNA Dimeric Structure

Author

Aurelien Thureau, M. Longo, Anne Martel, Alessandro Paciaroni, Caterina Petrillo, Valeria Libera, Giorgio Schirò, Lucia Comez, Elena A. Andreeva, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia [Perugia], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), and Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG)

Subjects
Porphyrins, Dimer, MESH: Molecular Structure, 010402 general chemistry, G-quadruplex, SEQUENCE, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Circular Dichroism, Scattering, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: X-Rays, ABSORPTION, Scattering, Radiation, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, MESH: Scattering, Radiation, Protein secondary structure, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Porphyrins, Radiation, Molecular Structure, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Circular Dichroism, X-Rays, MESH: DNA, CATIONIC PORPHYRINS, DNA, Telomere, Porphyrin, Small molecule, 0104 chemical sciences, G-Quadruplexes, chemistry, MESH: Dimerization, Nucleic acid, Biophysics, Protein quaternary structure, LIGAND, MESH: Telomere, TELOMERE G-QUADRUPLEX, Dimerization, TMPYP4, MESH: G-Quadruplexes
Abstract

International audience; Nucleic acid sequences rich in guanines can organize into noncanonical DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) of variable size. The design of small molecules stabilizing the structure of G4s is a rapidly growing area for the development of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies and bottom-up nanotechnologies. Among a multitude of binders, porphyrins are very attractive due to their light activation that can make them valuable conformational regulators of G4s. Here, a structure-based strategy, integrating complementary probes, is employed to study the interaction between TMPyP4 porphyrin and a 22-base human telomeric sequence (Tel22) before and after irradiation with blue light. Porphyrin binding is discovered to promote Tel22 dimerization, while light irradiation of the Tel22-TMPyP4 complex controls dimer fraction. Such a change in quaternary structure is found to be strictly correlated with modifications at the secondary structure level, thus providing an unprecedented link between the degree of dimerization and the underlying conformational changes in G4s.

Published
2021

177. Dan Salah Tawfik (1955-2021)

Author

Liam M. Longo, Dragana Despotovic, and Lianet Noda-Garcia

Subjects
World Wide Web, Engineering, Ecology, business.industry, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
2021

178. Long term clinical outcomes and associated predictors of progression free survival in anal canal cancer

Author

Sara E. Beltrán Ponce, Beth A. Erickson, William A. Hall, Meena Bedi, Michael J. Martens, Malika Siker, James Thomas, Ben George, Kirk Ludwig, Carrie Peterson, Timothy Ridolfi, and John M. Longo

Subjects
Oncology, Gastroenterology, Original Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reports of long term clinical outcomes for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal treated with chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) are limited. Pre-treatment hematologic variables associated with outcomes remain understudied. We sought to report the long-term clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) utilizing helical tomotherapy (HT) IMRT at a single tertiary referral center. We further sought to examine for any correlations between pre-treatment hematologic parameters and progression free survival (PFS). METHODS: Data from patients with SCC of the anal canal treated with definitive CRT using HT IMRT from 2005 to 2017 were collected. Pre-treatment patient characteristics examined for correlations with PFS included: hemoglobin (Hgb) level, age, diabetes mellitus (DM) status, smoking status, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/WBC ratio, lymphocyte/WBC ratio, sex, transplant status, HIV status, Karnofsky performance score, T-stage, and N-stage. Pre-treatment Hgb levels were recorded within two weeks prior to starting CRT. Clinical outcomes, including PFS, were described using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. A multivariable (MVA) Cox model of PFS evaluated the impact of pre-treatment Hgb and diabetes while adjusting for T-stage and age. RESULTS: The median patient age was 57 years old (range, 26–87) and there were 39 females (63.9%) with the remaining patients identifying as males. Median patient follow up was 5.8 years. The PFS was 83% at 5 years. The median pre-treatment Hgb was 13 g/dL. On multivariable analysis (MVA), Hgb ≤10 g/dL (HR: 11.891, 95% CI: 2.649–53.391, P=0.001) and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (HR: 4.524, 95% CI: 1.436–14.252, P=0.010) were both significantly associated with a worse PFS. These factors were independent of T-stage and age. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term clinical outcomes for patients with SCC of the anal canal treated with definitive CRT are presented. Pre-treatment hemoglobin of ≤10 g/dL and diabetes were both independently associated with worse PFS on MVA. This retrospective data supports further prospective study of the impact of hematologic markers and medical co-morbidities such as DM and their management on clinical outcomes for patients with SCC of the anal canal treated with curative-intent CRT.

Published
2021

181. Sexual dysfunctions in young women with type 1 diabetes and high glucose variability: findings from the METRO study

Author

M, Longo, L, Scappaticcio, F, Castaldo, A, Sarnataro, C, Carbone, P, Caruso, M I, Maiorino, G, Bellastella, K, Esposito, and Rosa, Di Fraia

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Female sexual dysfunction, MEDLINE, Physiology, Glycemic Control, Psychological Distress, medicine.disease, Cohort Studies, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Young Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, High glucose, medicine, Humans, Female, business
Published
2020

182. Reduced cognitive deficits after FLASH irradiation of whole mouse brain are associated with less hippocampal dendritic spine loss and neuroinflammation

Author

Melissa Jenkins, Anna Kim, Ryan B. Ko, Selena Gonzalez, Gregory King, Rie von Eyben, Marjan Rafat, Edward E. Graves, Billy W. Loo, Peter G. Maxim, Danielle A. Simmons, Jinghui Wang, Emil Schüler, Frederick M. Lartey, Sarah Semaan, Frank M. Longo, P. Pradhan, and Zion Shih

Subjects
Male, Dendritic spine, Dendritic Spines, Hippocampus, Hippocampal formation, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Flash (photography), 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Cognitive Dysfunction, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neuroinflammation, Inflammation, Microglia, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Radiotherapy Dosage, Hematology, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cranial Irradiation, business, Neuroscience, Immunostaining
Abstract

Aim To evaluate the impact of ultra-rapid FLASH mouse whole brain irradiation on hippocampal dendritic spines and neuroinflammation, factors associated with cognitive impairment after brain irradiation. Methods We administered 30 Gy whole brain irradiation to C57BL6/J mice in sub-second (FLASH) vs. 240 s conventional delivery time keeping all other parameters constant, using a custom configured clinical linac. Ten weeks post-irradiation, we evaluated spatial and non-spatial object recognition using novel object location and object recognition testing. We measured dendritic spine density by tracing Golgi-stained hippocampal neurons and evaluated neuroinflammation by CD68 immunostaining, a marker of activated microglia, and expression of 10 pro-inflammatory cytokines using a multiplex immunoassay. Results At ten weeks post-irradiation, compared to unirradiated controls, conventional delivery time irradiation significantly impaired novel object location and recognition tasks whereas the same dose given in FLASH delivery did not. Conventional delivery time, but not FLASH, was associated with significant loss of dendritic spine density in hippocampal apical dendrites, with a similar non-significant trend in basal dendrites. Conventional delivery time was associated with significantly increased CD68-positive microglia compared to controls whereas FLASH was not. Conventional delivery time was associated with significant increases in 5 of 10 pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus (and non-significant increases in another 3), whereas FLASH was associated with smaller increases in only 3. Conclusion Reduced cognitive impairment and associated neurodegeneration were observed with FLASH compared to conventional delivery time irradiation, potentially through decreased induction of neuroinflammation, suggesting a promising approach to increasing therapeutic index in radiation therapy of brain tumors.

Published
2019

183. Intestinal basolateral lipid substrate transport is linked to chylomicron secretion and is regulated by apoC-III

Author

Angelika Muter, Zania K. Johnson, Cayla N. Rodia, Ji-Young Lee, Hongli Dong, Amy E. Heussinger, Minkyung Bae, Austin M. Longo, Diana Li, Nicholas S Tambini, and Alison B. Kohan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, dietary fat absorption, Enterocyte, Lipoproteins, Dietary lipid, apolipoprotein C-III, enterocyte, QD415-436, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Lipid droplet, Chylomicrons, medicine, Animals, Secretion, Intestinal Mucosa, Triglycerides, Research Articles, fatty acid oxidation, Chemistry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Apolipoprotein C-III, Cell Biology, Flow Cytometry, low density lipoprotein receptor, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, cytosolic lipid droplet, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cholesterol, LDL receptor, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Chromatography, Thin Layer, Intracellular, Chylomicron
Abstract

Chylomicron metabolism is critical for determining plasma levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cholesterol, both of which are risk factors for CVD. The rates of chylomicron secretion and remnant clearance are controlled by intracellular and extracellular factors, including apoC-III. We have previously shown that human apoC-III overexpression in mice (apoC-III(Tg) mice) decreases the rate of chylomicron secretion into lymph, as well as the TAG composition in chylomicrons. We now find that this decrease in chylomicron secretion is not due to the intracellular effects of apoC-III, but instead that primary murine enteroids are capable of taking up TAG from TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) on their basolateral surface; and via Seahorse analyses, we find that mitochondrial respiration is induced by basolateral TRLs. Furthermore, TAG uptake into the enterocyte is inhibited when excess apoC-III is present on TRLs. In vivo, we find that dietary TAG is diverted from the cytosolic lipid droplets and driven toward mitochondrial FA oxidation when plasma apoC-III is high (or when basolateral substrates are absent). We propose that this pathway of basolateral lipid substrate transport (BLST) plays a physiologically relevant role in the maintenance of dietary lipid absorption and chylomicron secretion. Further, when apoC-III is in excess, it inhibits BLST and chylomicron secretion.

Published
2019

184. An efficient approach to eliminate steryl ethers and miscellaneous esters/ketones for gas chromatographic analysis of alkenones and alkenoates

Author

James T. Dillon, Matthias Moros, Yinsui Zheng, Li Wang, Jiaju Zhao, W. M. Longo, and Yongsong Huang

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Wax, Chromatography, Gas, Chromatography, Double bond, Silica gel, Organic Chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Esters, General Medicine, Ketones, Biochemistry, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Analytical Chemistry, Clean-up, Silver nitrate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Homologous series, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Sample preparation, Gas chromatography, Ethers
Abstract

Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) and alkenoates (LCEs) are highly valuable biomarkers for paleotemperature reconstructions. A major problem, however, for accurate quantification of these compounds using gas chromatography (GC) is co-elution with steryl ethers, wax esters, saturated ketones and other numerous mid-polarity compounds frequently encountered in marginal marine and lake sediments. Co-elution during GC separation is prevalent, particularly if the full homologous series of alkenones and alkenoates are to be analyzed. Taking advantage of the presence of two or more double bonds in LCAs and LCEs, the conventional silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate has previously been used to remove co-eluting compounds for LCAs. However, this conventional argentation chromatography is hampered by the extreme instability of silver nitrate, poor reproducibility, low recovery and short lifetime. Here we demonstrate a highly efficient flash chromatographic approach based on silver thiolate chromatographic material (AgTCM) that overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional argentation chromatography and allows repeated sample preparation (up to 62 samples in one test) with little loss in separation efficiency. AgTCM selectively extracts LCAs and LCEs and effectively eliminates co-eluting compounds including steryl ethers and wax esters for the subsequent gas chromatography (GC) analysis. This new method, therefore, allows low-cost and high-throughput sample preparation for comprehensive quantification of the full homologous series of LCAs and LCEs in marine and lake sediments.

Published
2019

185. Receptor dependence of BDNF actions in superficial dorsal horn: relation to central sensitization and actions of macrophage colony stimulating factor 1

Author

Peter A. Smith, Klaus Ballanyi, Vladimir Rancic, Frank M. Longo, Kerri H. Whitlock, Paul A. Boakye, and Danielle A. Simmons

Subjects
Male, Physiology, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1, Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Pregnancy, medicine, Animals, Macrophage, Receptor, Neuroinflammation, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, Central Nervous System Sensitization, 0303 health sciences, Membrane Glycoproteins, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, General Neuroscience, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Nerve injury, Embryo, Mammalian, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Posterior Horn Cells, Disease Models, Animal, nervous system, Neuropathic pain, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Neuralgia, Female, medicine.symptom, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Peripheral nerve injury elicits an enduring increase in the excitability of the spinal dorsal horn. This change, which contributes to the development of neuropathic pain, is a consequence of release and prolonged exposure of dorsal horn neurons to various neurotrophins and cytokines. We have shown in rats that nerve injury increases excitatory synaptic drive to excitatory neurons but decreases drive to inhibitory neurons. Both effects, which contribute to an increase in dorsal horn excitability, appear to be mediated by microglia-derived BDNF. We have used multiphoton Ca2+ imaging and whole cell recording of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in defined-medium organotypic cultures of GAD67-GFP+ mice spinal cord to determine the receptor dependence of these opposing actions of BDNF. In mice, as in rats, BDNF enhances excitatory transmission onto excitatory neurons. This is mediated via presynaptic TrkB and p75 neurotrophin receptors and exclusively by postsynaptic TrkB. By contrast with findings from rats, in mice BDNF does not decrease excitation of inhibitory neurons. The cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) has also been implicated in the onset of neuropathic pain. Nerve injury provokes its de novo synthesis in primary afferents, its release in spinal cord, and activation of microglia. We now show that CSF-1 increases excitatory drive to excitatory neurons via a BDNF-dependent mechanism and decreases excitatory drive to inhibitory neurons via BDNF-independent processes. Our findings complete missing steps in the cascade of events whereby peripheral nerve injury instigates increased dorsal horn excitability in the context of central sensitization and the onset of neuropathic pain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nerve injury provokes synthesis of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) in primary afferents and its release in the dorsal horn. We show that CSF-1 increases excitatory drive to excitatory dorsal horn neurons via BDNF activation of postsynaptic TrkB and presynaptic TrkB and p75 neurotrophin receptors. CSF-1 decreases excitatory drive to inhibitory neurons via a BDNF-independent processes. This completes missing steps in understanding how peripheral injury instigates central sensitization and the onset of neuropathic pain.

Published
2019

186. Phylogenetic diversity in freshwater-dwelling Isochrysidales haptophytes with implications for alkenone production

Author

Yongsong Huang, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Sarabeth George, W. M. Longo, Nora Richter, Anna Shipunova, and Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Alkenone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Iceland, Biology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Ribosomal, Haptophyte, Monophyly, Phylogenetics, Report, Isochrysidales, Germany, Group I, 14. Life underwater, alkenones, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Genetic diversity, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Haptophyta, Ribosomal RNA, Ketones, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, 6. Clean water, phylogenetics, Phylogenetic diversity, Lakes, haptophyte, Evolutionary biology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, freshwater lakes, Alaska
Abstract

Members of the order Isochrysidales are unique among haptophyte lineages in being the exclusive producers of alkenones, long‐chain ketones that are commonly used for paleotemperature reconstructions. Alkenone‐producing haptophytes are divided into three major groups based largely on molecular ecological data: Group I is found in freshwater lakes, Group II commonly occurs in brackish and coastal marine environments, and Group III consists of open ocean species. Each group has distinct alkenone distributions; however, only Groups II and III Isochrysidales currently have cultured representatives. The uncultured Group I Isochrysidales are distinguished geochemically by the presence of tri‐unsaturated alkenone isomers (C37:3b Me, C38:3b Et, C38:3b Me, C39:3b Et) present in water column and sediment samples, yet their genetic diversity, morphology, and environmental controls are largely unknown. Using small‐subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) marker gene amplicon high‐throughput sequencing of environmental water column and sediment samples, we show that Group I is monophyletic with high phylogenetic diversity and contains a well‐supported clade separating the previously described “EV” clade from the “Greenland” clade. We infer the first partial large‐subunit (LSU) rRNA gene Group I sequence phylogeny, which uncovered additional well‐supported clades embedded within Group I. Relative to Group II, Group I revealed higher levels of genetic diversity despite conservation of alkenone signatures and a closer evolutionary relationship with Group III. In Group I, the presence of the tri‐unsaturated alkenone isomers appears to be conserved, which is not the case for Group II. This suggests differing environmental influences on Group I and II and perhaps uncovers evolutionary constraints on alkenone biosynthesis.

Published
2019

187. Early life stress disrupts intestinal homeostasis via NGF-TrkA signaling

Author

Xiao Zuo, Tao Yang, Chengyuan Lin, Hoi Leong Xavier Wong, Tao Huang, Ling Zhao, Siu Wai Tsang, Aiping Lyu, Frank M. Longo, Hong yan Qin, Sijia Che, Zhaoxiang Bian, Chi Fung Willis Chow, Xi Li, Hiu Yee Kwan, and Haitao Xiao

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Stress, Physiological, Internal medicine, Nerve Growth Factor, Enterochromaffin Cells, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptor, trkA, lcsh:Science, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Irritable bowel syndrome, Multidisciplinary, Hyperplasia, business.industry, Maternal Deprivation, Wnt signaling pathway, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Nerve growth factor, Endocrinology, Enterochromaffin cell, lcsh:Q, Serotonin, Stem cell, Signal transduction, 0210 nano-technology, business, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Early childhood is a critical period for development, and early life stress may increase the risk of gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In rodents, neonatal maternal separation (NMS) induces bowel dysfunctions that resemble IBS. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that NMS induces expansion of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their differentiation toward secretory lineages including enterochromaffin (EC) and Paneth cells, leading to EC hyperplasia, increased serotonin production, and visceral hyperalgesia. This is reversed by inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signalling, and treatment with NGF recapitulates the intestinal phenotype of NMS mice in vivo and in mouse intestinal organoids in vitro. Mechanistically, NGF transactivates Wnt/β-catenin signalling. NGF and serotonin are positively correlated in the sera of diarrhea-predominant IBS patients. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into early life stress-induced intestinal changes that may translate into treatments for gastrointestinal diseases., Early life stress has been associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases later in life, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, Wong et al. show that early life stress leads to expansion of intestinal stem cells and their differentiation into serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells through crosstalk between NGF and Wnt signalling pathways.

Published
2019

188. Modulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor suppresses age-related basal forebrain cholinergic neuron degeneration

Author

Youmei Xie, Rick B. Meeker, Stephen M. Massa, and Frank M. Longo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Basal Forebrain, Neurite, Morpholines, Blotting, Western, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Hippocampus, lcsh:Medicine, Degeneration (medical), Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Internal medicine, Neurites, medicine, Animals, Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, Isoleucine, Cholinergic neuron, lcsh:Science, Basal forebrain, Multidisciplinary, biology, lcsh:R, Immunohistochemistry, Cholinergic Neurons, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Nerve Degeneration, Synaptophysin, biology.protein, Cholinergic, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Age-related degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is linked to cognitive impairment. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been proposed to mediate neuronal degeneration in aging. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that modifying p75NTR function would prevent or reverse aging-related neuronal degeneration using LM11A-31, a small molecule p75NTR modulator that downregulates degenerative and upregulates trophic receptor-associated signaling. Morphological analysis in mice showed loss of BFCN area detectable by 18 months of age. Oral administration of LM11A-31 from age 15 to 18 months resulted in a dose-related preservation of BFCN area and one month of treatment from 17 to 18 months also preserved cell area. To evaluate reversal of established neuronal atrophy, animals were treated from 21 to 25 months of age. Treatment was associated with an increase of cell size to a mean area larger than that observed at 18 months, accompanied by increases in mean MS/VDB neurite length, as well as increased cholinergic fiber density and synaptophysin pre-synaptic marker levels in the hippocampus. These findings support the idea that modulation of p75NTR activity can prevent and potentially reverse age-associated BFCN degeneration. Moreover, this may be achieved therapeutically with orally bioavailable agents such as LM11A-31.

Published
2019

189. Evidence of Ice Age humans in eastern Beringia suggests early migration to North America

Author

Yongsong Huang, Richard S. Vachula, Sylvia G. Dee, James M. Russell, W. Daniels, and W. M. Longo

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land bridge, Ecology, Human migration, business.industry, Population, Geology, Last Glacial Maximum, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Beringia, Geography, 13. Climate action, Megafauna, Ice age, Glacial period, business, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Our understanding of the timing and pathway of human arrival to the Americas remains an important and polarizing topic of debate in archaeology and anthropology. Traditional consensus, supported by archaeological and paleoenvironmental data, favors a ‘swift peopling’ of the Americas from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge during the last Glacial termination. More recent genetic data and archaeological finds have challenged this view, proposing the ‘Beringian standstill hypothesis’ (BSH), wherein a population of proto-Americans migrated from Asia during, or even prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and lived in Beringia for thousands of years before their eventual spread across the American continents. Using a sediment archive from Lake E5 (68.641667° N, 149.457706° W), located on Alaska's North Slope, we present new data supporting the BSH and shedding new light on the environmental impact of these early American populations. Fecal biomarkers support human presence in the environs of the lake, and our data demonstrate elevated biomass burning in this region during the last Glacial. Elevated burning defies the expectation that natural fires would be less frequent in the Arctic during the last Glacial, thereby suggesting human ignition as the likely culprit. Our data shed new light on the pathway and timing of human migration to the Americas and demonstrate the possibility of the sustainable coexistence of humans and the Ice Age megafauna in Beringia prior to their extinction.

Published
2019

191. A small molecule p75NTR ligand, LM11A-31, reverses cholinergic neurite dystrophy in Alzheimer's disease mouse models with mid- to late-stage disease progression.

Author

Danielle A Simmons, Juliet K Knowles, Nadia P Belichenko, Gargi Banerjee, Carly Finkle, Stephen M Massa, and Frank M Longo

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons contributes significantly to the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been attributed to aberrant signaling through the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). Thus, modulating p75NTR signaling is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Accordingly, our laboratory has developed small molecule p75NTR ligands that increase survival signaling and inhibit amyloid-β-induced degenerative signaling in in vitro studies. Previous work found that a lead p75NTR ligand, LM11A-31, prevents degeneration of cholinergic neurites when given to an AD mouse model in the early stages of disease pathology. To extend its potential clinical applications, we sought to determine whether LM11A-31 could reverse cholinergic neurite atrophy when treatment begins in AD mouse models having mid- to late stages of pathology. Reversing pathology may have particular clinical relevance as most AD studies involve patients that are at an advanced pathological stage. In this study, LM11A-31 (50 or 75 mg/kg) was administered orally to two AD mouse models, Thy-1 hAPPLond/Swe (APPL/S) and Tg2576, at age ranges during which marked AD-like pathology manifests. In mid-stage male APPL/S mice, LM11A-31 administered for 3 months starting at 6-8 months of age prevented and/or reversed atrophy of basal forebrain cholinergic neurites and cortical dystrophic neurites. Importantly, a 1 month LM11A-31 treatment given to male APPL/S mice (12-13 months old) with late-stage pathology reversed the degeneration of cholinergic neurites in basal forebrain, ameliorated cortical dystrophic neurites, and normalized increased basal forebrain levels of p75NTR. Similar results were seen in female Tg2576 mice. These findings suggest that LM11A-31 can reduce and/or reverse fundamental AD pathologies in late-stage AD mice. Thus, targeting p75NTR is a promising approach to reducing AD-related degenerative processes that have progressed beyond early stages.

Published
2014
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194. Post-Stroke Administration of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Modulator, LM11A-31, Attenuates Chronic Changes in Brain Metabolism, Increases Neurotransmitter Levels, and Improves Recovery

Author

Kylie Calderon, Frankie G. Garcia, Helena W. Morrison, Crumpacker Rh, Danielle A. Becktel, Gonzalez S, Frank M. Longo, Marco A. Tavera-Garcia, Jennifer B. Frye, Tony T. Yang, Rick G. Schnellmann, Jacob C. Zbesko, Kristian P. Doyle, and Thuy-Vi V. Nguyen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Morpholines, Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Isoleucine, Vascular dementia, Neurotransmitter, Stroke, Pharmacology, Neurotransmitter Agents, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Glutamate receptor, Brain, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, medicine.disease, Glutathione, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Neuroprotective Agents, chemistry, Chronic inflammatory response, Molecular Medicine, Stroke recovery, business, Glycolysis
Abstract

The aim of this study was to test whether post-stroke oral administration of a small molecule p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) modulator (LM11A-31) can augment neuronal survival and improve recovery in a mouse model of stroke. Mice were administered LM11A-31 for up to 12 weeks, beginning 1 week after stroke. Metabolomic analysis revealed that after 2 weeks of daily treatment, mice that received LM11A-31 were distinct from vehicle treated mice by principal component analysis and had higher levels of serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine in their ipsilateral hemisphere. LM11A-31 treatment also improved redox homeostasis by restoring reduced glutathione. It also offset a stroke induced reduction in glycolysis by increasing acetyl-CoA. There was no effect on cytokine levels in the infarct. At 13 weeks following stroke, adaptive immune cell infiltration in the infarct was unchanged in LM11A-31 treated mice, indicating that LM11A-31 does not alter the chronic inflammatory response to stroke at the site of the infarct. However, LM11A-31 treated mice had less brain atrophy, neurodegeneration, tau pathology, and microglial activation in other regions of the ipsilateral hemisphere. These findings correlated with improved recovery of motor function on a ladder test, improved sensorimotor and cognitive abilities on a nest construction test, and less impulsivity in an open field test. These data support small molecule modulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor for preserving neuronal health and function during stroke recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe findings from this study introduce the p75 neurotrophin receptor as a novel small molecule target for promotion of stroke recovery. Given that LM11A-31 is in clinical trials as a potential therapy for Alzheimer’s disease, it could be considered as a candidate for assessment in stroke or vascular dementia studies.

Published
2021

196. Helicase-like functions in phosphate loop containing beta-alpha polypeptides

Author

Michal Sharon, Fanindra Kumar Deshmukh, Pratik Vyas, Dan S. Tawfik, Liam M. Longo, and Olena Trofimyuk

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical, 0301 basic medicine, AAA Domain, Amino Acid Motifs, DNA, Single-Stranded, 01 natural sciences, RNA Helicases, Phosphates, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Recombinase, Nucleotide, Amino Acid Sequence, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Walker motifs, DNA Helicases, Proteins, Helicase, RNA, Biological Sciences, Nucleoside-Triphosphatase, Receptor–ligand kinetics, 0104 chemical sciences, Rec A Recombinases, Enzyme, 030104 developmental biology, Biophysics, biology.protein, Protein Conformation, beta-Strand, Peptides, Function (biology), DNA
Abstract

The P-loop Walker A motif underlies hundreds of essential enzyme families that bind nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and mediate phosphoryl transfer (P-loop NTPases), including the earliest DNA/RNA helicases, translocases and recombinases. What were the primordial precursors of these enzymes? Could these large and complex proteins emerge from simple polypeptides? Previously, we showed that P-loops embedded in simple βα repeat proteins bind NTPs, but also, unexpectedly so, ssDNA and RNA. Here, we extend beyond the purely biophysical function of ligand binding to demonstrate rudimentary helicase-like activities. We further constructed simple 40-residue polypeptides comprising just one β-(P-loop)-α element. Despite their simplicity, these P-loop prototypes confer functions such as strand separation and exchange. Foremost, these polypeptides unwind dsDNA, and upon addition of NTPs, or inorganic polyphosphates, release the bound ssDNA strands to allow reformation of dsDNA. Binding kinetics and low-resolution structural analyses indicate that activity is mediated by oligomeric forms spanning from dimers to high-order assemblies. The latter are reminiscent of extant P-loop recombinases such as RecA. Overall, these P-loop prototypes comprise a plausible description of the sequence, structure and function of the earliest P-loop NTPases. They also indicate that multifunctionality and dynamic assembly were key in endowing short polypeptides with elaborate, evolutionarily relevant functions.Significance statementIt is widely assumed that today’s large and complex proteins emerged from much shorter and simpler polypeptides. Yet the nature of these early precursors remains enigmatic. We describe polypeptides that contain one of the earliest protein motifs, a phosphate-binding loop, or P-loop, embedded in a single beta-alpha element. These P-loop prototypes show intriguing characteristics of a primordial world comprised of nucleic acids and peptides. They are ‘generalists’ capable of binding different phospho-ligands, including inorganic polyphosphates and single-stranded DNA. Nonetheless, in promoting double-stranded DNA unwinding and strand-exchange they resemble modern P-loop helicases and recombinases. Our study describes a missing link in the evolution of complex proteins – simple polypeptides that tangibly relate to contemporary P-loop enzymes in sequence, structure and function.

Published
2021

197. C-orgânico, N-total e substâncias húmicas sob influência da introdução de pastagens (Brachiaria sp.) em áreas de cerrado e floresta amazônica

Author

R. M. Longo and C. R. Espíndola

Subjects
frações orgânicas, N-total, C-orgânico, pastagem, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da intervenção humana na remoção da cobertura original e seu posterior uso agrícola, pela introdução de pastagem (Brachiaria sp) na região do cerrado (Senador Canedo-GO), junto à Empresa Goiana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMGOPA), e da floresta amazônica (Porto Velho-RO), junto à Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), tendo como atributos principais de análises modificações nos teores de nitrogênio total, carbono orgânico, relação C/N e frações de ácidos fúlvicos, ácidos húmicos e humina. As amostras foram coletadas em setembro de 1995, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo argiloso, ao longo de uma transeção que continha 24 pontos: 12 sob vegetação natural e 12 sob pastagem plantada, em duas profundidades, em ambos os ecossistemas. Os resultados permitiram observar uma diminuição nas concentrações de ácido fúlvico e humina e nos teores de N-total e C-orgânico na mudança da condição de vegetação natural para pastagem; os maiores valores foram encontrados no horizonte Ao, principalmente no solo sob floresta amazônica, revelando uma queda brusca deste para o subjacente, evidenciando o efeito do tipo da cobertura vegetal sobre o teor e sobre a distribuição dos componentes orgânicos em solos tropicais.

Published
2000
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199. Measurement of the inclusive and differential t(t)over-bar gamma cross sections in the single-lepton channel and EFT interpretation at root s=13 TeV

Author

Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Bergauer, T. and Chatterjee, S. Dragicevic, M. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I Paulitsch, P. Pitters, F. M. Schieck, J. and Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. Makarenko, V and Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. and Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. and Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. Sahasransu, A. R. and Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Stylianou, N. and Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. and Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Lee, K. and Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. and Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. and Wezenbeek, L. Gao, X. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. and Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. and Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. and Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. and Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Donertas, I. S. and Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, Sa Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. and Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. Tran, T. T. and Vischia, P. Wertz, S. Alves, G. A. Hensel, C. and Moraes, A. Alda Junior, W. L. Gallo Pereira, M. Alves and Ferreira Filho, M. Barroso Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. and Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. and Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Figueiredo, D. Matos and Herrera, C. Mora Amarilo, K. Mota Mundim, L. Nogima, H. and Teles, P. Rebello Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. and Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. and Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. and Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. and Cheng, T. Guo, Q. Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Wang, H. and Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Bauer, G. Dozen, C. Hu, Z. and Martins, J. Wang, Y. Yi, K. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. and Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. and Liao, H. Liu, Z-A Milosevic, V Monti, F. Sharma, R. and Tao, J. Thomas-wilsker, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. and Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, C. Huang, Q. and Levin, A. Li, Q. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. Lu, M. You, Z. Okawa, H. and Lin, Z. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. and Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Segura Delgado, M. A. Mejia Guisao, J. and Ramirez, F. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. and Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I and Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Sculac, T. Brigljevic, V and Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. and Susa, T. Attikis, A. Christoforou, K. Erodotou, E. and Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. and Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. and Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Finger, M. Finger Jr, M. Jr and Kveton, A. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, E. Abdalla, H. and Khalil, S. Lotfy, A. Mahmoud, M. A. Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. and Kadastik, M. Nandan, S. Nielsen, C. Pata, J. Raidal, M. and Tani, L. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. Forthomme, L. and Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. Bharthuar, S. and Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. Kim, M. S. and Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. and Linden, T. Lotti, M. Martikainen, L. Myllymaki, M. Ott, J. Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. and Petrow, H. Tuuva, T. Amendola, C. Besancon, M. and Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. and Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Titov, M. Yu, G. B. Mijuskovic, J. Ahuja, S. Beaudette, F. Bonanomi, M. Perraguin, A. Buchot Busson, P. Cappati, A. Charlot, C. Davignon, O. Diab, B. Falmagne, G. and Ghosh, S. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Hakimi, A. Kucher, I and Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Rembser, J. Salerno, R. Sauvan, J. B. Sirois, Y. Zabi, A. Zghiche, A. and Agram, J-L Andrea, J. Apparu, D. Bloch, D. Bourgatte, G. and Brom, J-M Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. Darej, D. and Fontaine, J-C Goerlach, U. Grimault, C. Le Bihan, A-C and Nibigira, E. Van Hove, P. Asilar, E. Beauceron, S. and Bernet, C. Boudoul, G. Camen, C. Carle, A. Chanon, N. and Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. Fay, J. and Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Laktineh, I. B. and Lattaud, H. Lesauvage, A. Lethuillier, M. Mirabito, L. and Perries, S. Shchablo, K. Sordini, V Torterotot, L. and Touquet, G. Vander Donckt, M. Viret, S. Lomidze, I and Toriashvili, T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Mestvirishvili, A. Feld, L. and Klein, K. Lipinski, M. Meuser, D. Pauls, A. Rauch, M. P. Roewert, N. Schulz, J. Teroerde, M. Dodonova, A. and Eliseev, D. Erdmann, M. Fackeldey, P. Fischer, B. and Hebbeker, T. Hoepfner, K. Ivone, F. Keller, H. and Mastrolorenzo, L. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Mocellin, G. and Mondal, S. Mukherjee, S. Noll, D. Novak, A. Pook, T. and Pozdnyakov, A. Rath, Y. Reithler, H. Roemer, J. Schmidt, A. Schuler, S. C. Sharma, A. Vigilante, L. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, S. Borras, K. Kasem, A. Coubez, X. and Dziwok, C. Fluegge, G. Ahmad, W. Haj Hlushchenko, O. and Kress, T. Nowack, A. Pistone, C. Pooth, O. Roy, D. and Sert, H. Stahl, A. Ziemons, T. Petersen, H. Aarup and Martin, M. Aldaya Asmuss, P. Babounikau, I Baxter, S. and Behnke, O. Martinez, A. Bermudez Bhattacharya, S. Bin Anuar, A. A. Botta, V Brunner, D. Campbell, A. Cardini, A. and Cheng, C. Colombina, F. Rodriguez, S. Consuegra Silva, G. Correia Danilov, V Didukh, L. Eckerlin, G. Eckstein, D. and Banos, L. I. Estevez Filatov, O. Gallo, E. Geiser, A. and Giraldi, A. Grohsjean, A. Guthoff, M. Jafari, A. and Jomhari, N. Z. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. Kaveh, H. and Kleinwort, C. Kruecker, D. Lange, W. Lidrych, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I-A Metwally, J. Meyer, A. B. Meyer, M. Mnich, J. Mussgiller, A. and Otarid, Y. Adan, D. Perez Pitzl, D. Raspereza, A. Lopes, B. Ribeiro Ruebenach, J. Saggio, A. Saibel, A. and Savitskyi, M. Scham, M. Scheurer, V Schwanenberger, C. and Singh, A. Ricardo, R. E. Sosa Stafford, D. Tonon, N. and Turkot, O. Van De Klundert, M. Walsh, R. Walter, D. Wen, Y. Wichmann, K. Wiens, L. Wissing, C. Wuchterl, S. and Bakhshiansohi, H. Aggleton, R. Albrecht, S. Bein, S. and Benato, L. Benecke, A. Connor, P. De Leo, K. Eich, M. and Feindt, F. Froehlich, A. Garbers, C. Garutti, E. and Gunnellini, P. Haller, J. Hinzmann, A. Kasieczka, G. and Klanner, R. Kogler, R. Kramer, T. Kutzner, V Lange, J. and Lange, T. Lobanov, A. Malara, A. Nigamova, A. and Rodriguez, K. J. Pena Rieger, O. Schleper, P. Schroeder, M. and Schwandt, J. Schwarz, D. Sonneveld, J. Stadie, H. and Steinbrueck, G. Tews, A. Vormwald, B. Zoi, I Bechtel, J. and Berger, T. Butz, E. Caspart, R. Chwalek, T. De Boer, W. Dierlamm, A. Droll, A. El Morabit, K. Faltermann, N. and Giffels, M. Gosewisch, J. O. Gottmann, A. Hartmann, F. and Heidecker, C. Husemann, U. Katkov, I Keicher, P. and Koppenhoefer, R. Maier, S. Metzler, M. Mitra, S. and Mueller, Th Neukum, M. Nuernberg, A. Quast, G. Rabbertz, K. Rauser, J. Savoiu, D. Schnepf, M. Seith, D. and Shvetsov, I Simonis, H. J. Ulrich, R. Van der Linden, J. and Von Cube, R. F. Wassmer, M. Weber, M. Wieland, S. Wolf, R. Wozniewski, S. Wunsch, S. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, G. Geralis, T. Kyriakis, A. Loukas, D. Stakia, A. and Diamantopoulou, M. Karasavvas, D. Karathanasis, G. and Kontaxakis, P. Koraka, C. K. Manousakis-katsikakis, A. and Panagiotou, A. Papavergou, I Saoulidou, N. Theofilatos, K. and Tziaferi, E. Vellidis, K. Vourliotis, E. Sphicas, P. and Bakas, G. Kousouris, K. Papakrivopoulos, I Tsipolitis, G. and Zacharopoulou, A. Evangelou, I Foudas, C. Gianneios, P. and Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, P. Manthos, N. Papadopoulos, I and Strologas, J. Csanad, M. Farkas, K. Gadallah, M. M. A. and Lokos, S. Major, P. Mandal, K. Mehta, A. Pasztor, G. and Radl, A. J. Suranyi, O. Veres, I, G. Trocsanyi, Z. L. and Bartok, M. Bencze, G. Hajdu, C. Horvath, D. Sikler, F. and Veszpremi, V. Vesztergombi, G. Csorgo, T. Nemes, F. and Czellar, S. Karancsi, J. Molnar, J. Szillasi, Z. and Teyssier, D. Raics, P. Ujvari, B. Novak, T. Komaragiri, J. R. Kumar, D. Panwar, L. Tiwari, P. C. Bahinipati, S. and Das, A. K. Kar, C. Mal, P. Mishra, T. Bindhu, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Nayak, A. Saha, P. Sur, N. Swain, S. K. Vats, D. Bansal, S. Beri, S. B. Bhatnagar, V and Chaudhary, G. Chauhan, S. Dhingra, N. Gupta, R. Kaur, A. and Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kumari, P. Meena, M. Sandeep, K. and Singh, J. B. Virdi, A. K. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, A. and Choudhary, B. C. Gola, M. Keshri, S. Kumar, A. and Naimuddin, M. Priyanka, P. Ranjan, K. Shah, A. Bharti, M. Bhattacharya, R. Bhowmik, D. Dutta, S. Gomber, B. and Maity, M. Palit, P. Rout, P. K. Saha, G. Sahu, B. and Sarkar, S. Sharan, M. Singh, B. Thakur, S. Behera, P. K. and Behera, S. C. Kalbhor, P. Muhammad, A. Pradhan, R. and Pujahari, P. R. Sikdar, A. K. Dutta, D. Jha, V Kumar, V and Mishra, D. K. Naskar, K. Netrakanti, P. K. Pant, L. M. and Shukla, P. Aziz, T. Dugad, S. Kumar, M. Sarkar, U. and Banerjee, S. Chudasama, R. Guchait, M. Karmakar, S. and Kumar, S. Majumder, G. Mazumdar, K. Alpana, K. Dube, S. and Kansal, B. Laha, A. Pandey, S. Rane, A. Rastogi, A. and Sharma, S. Zeinali, M. Chenarani, S. Etesami, S. M. and Khakzad, M. Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Grunewald, M. and Abbrescia, M. Aly, R. Aruta, C. Colaleo, A. Creanza, D. and De Filippis, N. De Palma, M. Di Florio, A. Di Pilato, A. and Elmetenawee, W. Fiore, L. Gelmi, A. Gul, M. Iaselli, G. Ince, M. Lezki, S. Maggi, G. Maggi, M. Margjeka, I Mastrapasqua, V Merlin, J. A. My, S. Nuzzo, S. and Pellecchia, A. Pompili, A. Pugliese, G. Ranieri, A. and Selvaggi, G. Silvestris, L. Simone, F. M. Venditti, R. and Verwilligen, P. Abbiendi, G. Battilana, C. Bonacorsi, D. and Borgonovi, L. Brigliadori, L. Campanini, R. Capiluppi, P. and Castro, A. Cavallo, F. R. Cuffiani, M. Dallavalle, G. M. and Diotalevi, T. Fabbri, F. Fanfani, A. Giacomelli, P. and Giommi, L. Grandi, C. Guiducci, L. Lo Meo, S. Lunerti, L. Marcellini, S. Masetti, G. Navarria, F. L. Perrotta, A. Primavera, F. Rossi, A. M. Rovelli, T. Siroli, G. P. and Albergo, S. Costa, S. Di Mattia, A. Potenza, R. and Tricomi, A. Tuve, C. Barbagli, G. Cassese, A. and Ceccarelli, R. Ciulli, V Civinini, C. D'Alessandro, R. and Focardi, E. Latino, G. Lenzi, P. Lizzo, M. Meschini, M. and Paoletti, S. Seidita, R. Sguazzoni, G. Viliani, L. and Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Piccolo, D. Bozzo, M. Ferro, F. and Mulargia, R. Robutti, E. Tosi, S. Benaglia, A. and Brivio, F. Cetorelli, F. Ciriolo, V De Guio, F. Dinardo, M. E. Dini, P. Gennai, S. Ghezzi, A. Govoni, P. and Guzzi, L. Malberti, M. Malvezzi, S. Massironi, A. and Menasce, D. Moroni, L. Paganoni, M. Pedrini, D. Ragazzi, S. Redaelli, N. de Fatis, T. Tabarelli Valsecchi, D. and Zuolo, D. Buontempo, S. Carnevali, F. Cavallo, N. De Iorio, A. Fabozzi, F. Iorio, A. O. M. Lista, L. Meola, S. Paolucci, P. Rossi, B. Sciacca, C. Layer, L. and Azzi, P. Bacchetta, N. Bisello, D. Bortignon, P. and Bragagnolo, A. Carlin, R. Checchia, P. Dorigo, T. and Dosselli, U. Gasparini, F. Gasparini, U. Hoh, S. Y. and Margoni, M. Meneguzzo, A. T. Pazzini, J. Presilla, M. and Ronchese, P. Rossin, R. Simonetto, F. Strong, G. Tosi, M. Yarar, H. Zanetti, M. Zotto, P. Zucchetta, A. and Zumerle, G. Aime, C. Braghieri, A. Calzaferri, S. and Fiorina, D. Montagna, P. Ratti, S. P. Re, V Riccardi, C. and Salvini, P. Vai, I Vitulo, P. Fallavollita, F. and Asenov, P. Bilei, G. M. Ciangottini, D. 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Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. and Halkiadakis, E. Hart, A. Heindl, M. Karacheban, O. and Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. and Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. and Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. and Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. and Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. and Mueller, R. Overton, D. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. and Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. Hegde, V Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. Volobouev, I and Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Johns, W. and Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. and Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. and Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Li, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. White, S. Wolfe, E. and Harr, R. Poudyal, N. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. and Caillol, C. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Everaerts, P. and Fienga, F. Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. and Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. and Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, A. and Pinna, D. Savin, A. Shang, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. and Trembath-reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The production cross section of a top quark pair in association with a photon is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1), was recorded by the CMS experiment during the 2016-2018 data taking of the LHC. The measurements are performed in a fiducial volume defined at the particle level. Events with an isolated, highly energetic lepton, at least three jets from the hadronization of quarks, among which at least one is b tagged, and one isolated photon are selected. The inclusive fiducial t (t) over bar'gamma cross section, for a photon with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar< 1.4442, is measured to be 798 +/- 7(stat) +/- 48(syst) fb, in good agreement with the prediction from the standard model at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. The differential cross sections are also measured as a function of several kinematic observables and interpreted in the framework of the standard model effective field theory (EFT), leading to the most stringent direct limits to date on anomalous electromagnetic dipole moment interactions of the top quark and the photon.

Published
2021

200. Measurements of pp -> ZZ production cross sections and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at root s=13 TeV

Author

Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Ambrogi, F. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Ero, J. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. and Liko, D. Madlener, T. Mikulec, I Pitters, F. M. Rad, N. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. and Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. Chekhovsky, V and Litomin, A. Makarenko, V Gonzalez, J. Suarez Darwish, M. R. and De Wolf, E. A. Di Croce, D. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Pieters, M. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Haevermaet, H. and Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. and Bols, E. S. Chhibra, S. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. and Lontkovskyi, D. Lowette, S. Marchesini, I Moortgat, S. and Morton, A. Python, Q. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dorney, B. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. and Kalsi, A. K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Cornelis, T. and Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I Niedziela, M. and Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. and Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. and Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. and Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. Wuyckens, S. Zobec, J. and Alves, G. A. Correia Silva, G. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. and Alda Junior, W. L. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. and Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. De Jesus Damiao, D. and Fonseca De Souza, S. Martins, J. Matos Figueiredo, D. Medina Jaime, M. Melo De Almeida, M. Mora Herrera, C. Mundim, L. and Nogima, H. Rebello Teles, P. Sanchez Rosas, L. J. and Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. and Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F. and Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. 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Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan and Mallampalli, A. Pinna, D. Ruggles, T. Savin, A. Shang, V and Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-reichert, S. Vetens, W. and CMS Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The production of Z boson pairs in proton-proton (pp) collisions, pp -> (Z/gamma*)(Z/gamma*) -> 2l2l’, where l, l’ = e or mu, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1), collected during 2016-2018. The ZZ production cross section, sigma(tot)(pp -> ZZ) = 17.4 +/- 0.3 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) +/- 0.4 (theo)+/- 0.3 (lumi) pb, measured for events with two pairs of opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons produced in the mass region 60 < m(l+l-) < 120 GeV is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are also measured and agree with theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ gamma couplings.

Published
2021

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