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本報告は, ヒガンバナの鼠害予防効果に関する文献的記述を, 実験によって検討したものである。鱗茎中に含まれるアルカロイドはマウスの忌避作用を促すことが, 鱗茎の生抽出液の強制的投与, 鱗茎を混入した土壁穿孔実験および鱗茎の生抽出液を土壌表面に処理した場所におけるマウスの行動観察から認められた。また, 花茎内にもアルカロイドを含み, マウスに対し鱗茎同様の作用をもつことが認められた。したがって, 間接的ではあるが, 鼠害の予防に緩慢な効果があると推察される。

In addition to the eight known compounds two new constituents were isolated as antifeedants for the larvae of the yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe mandarina de 1' Orza, from the methanol extract of Lycoris radiata Herb. Their structures were established to be (-)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-7-hydroxy-8-methylflavan (I) and O-methyl-lycorenine (III) on the basis of spectral evidence. Final evidence for the structure of I came from the synthesis of the racemate. Two of the known compounds, galanthamine and lycoramine, were isolated as carbonate. In addition to I and demethylhomolycorine (IV), lycoricidinol (VII) and lycoricidine (VIII), reported as plant growth inhibitors, were main antifeedants in L. radiata.

L'acide A est l'acide dioxo-2,6 hexahydro-2,2a,3,4,5,6 methoxy-9 methyl-5 furo [4,3,2-ef] benzoazepine-2propionique-2a; sa structure est mise en evidence par etudes spectrales, reactions chimiques et synthese de son ester methyle racemique

1.古くから食糧もしくは救荒食糧として利用されてきた植物のなかから,トチノキ(トチノキ科)とコウボウムギ(カヤツリグサ科)の種子,ヒガンバナ(ヒガンバナ科)の鱗茎,およびガマ(ガマ科)の塊茎の4種の澱粉を抽出精製した.澱粉の収率はそれぞれの生鮮組織に対して,約12,7,13,4%であった. 2.各澱粉につき,水分,蛋白質およびリンの分析,顕微鏡観察,粒径分布,X線回折,ヨウ素呈色,生澱粉のグルコアミラーゼによる消化,膨潤力,溶解度,アミログラフィーなどの諸項目につき測定し,それぞれの澱粉の特性を考察した. 3.トチノキ澱粉は白度が高く,比較的アミロースに寓み,アミログラムの粘度も高かった.コウボウムギ澱粉はきわめて小さい粒で,リン含量が高く,性質は禾穀類の澱粉にやや似ていた.またガマ澱粉もリン含量が少ない点以外はこれに近かった.ヒガンバナ澱粉はやや大形の半複粒で,膨潤力が人きく,とくに冷却時のアミログラム粘度が高い特徴を示した.

The bulbs of Lycoris sanguinea MAXIM. var. kiushiana MAKINO (Amaryllidaceae) were found to contain a new phenolic alkaloid, sanguinine (I), as well as lycorine (II) and galanthamine (III). Sanguinine (I), C16H19O2N, was established to be O-demethyl-galanthamine. Pretazettine (VII) was isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata HERB. (Amaryllidaceae).

The bulbs of Lycoris radiata HERB. (Amaryllidaceae) were found to contain a new phenolic base, O-demethyllycoramine (O-demethyldihydrogalanthamine) (3), as well as previously isolated alkaloids, such as pretazettine (1), lycorine (4), lycoramine (5), lycorenine (6), demethylhomolycorine (7), hippeastrine (8), and homolycorine (9). The structure of 3 was confirmed by demethylation of lycoramine (5) with pyridine hydrochloride.

A mucous polysaccharide, named Lycoris-R-glucomannan, was isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata HERBERT. The final preparation was homogeneous as determined by ultracentrifugal analysis, glass-fiber electrophoresis, and gel chromatography. It was composed of D-mannose and D-glucose in the molar ratio of 12 : 1, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 468000. O-Acetyl groups were identified in the glucomannan and their content amounted to 15.5%. They were located at positions 2, 6 of some of the D-mannose units. Methylation, periodate oxidation, and partial acid hydrolysis studies showed that the glucomannan is mainly composed of β-1→4 linked aldohexopyranose residues, and that it contains about thirteen aldohexose units per three non-reducing groups on average. D-Mannose units occupy non-reducing terminal positions and branching points linked through both positions 3 and 6.

Di-D-fructose anhydride III has been isolated from inulin digested by a root-homogenate of Lycoris radiata. Identification of the compound was based on crystallization, mp, mixed mp, specific rotation and IR spectrum. The results strongly suggested the existence of inulin fructotransferase activity in the root of Lycoris radiata.

The mucilage is isolated from cold water extract of the bulb of Lycoris radiata HERBERT by adding the Fehling's solution. And it is confirmed that this mucilage is a glucomannan consisted of one part of glucose and four parts of mannose.

The tubers of Lycoris radiata contain a large amount of starch. However, we can. not eat them, because there exis poisonous alkaloids in them. These alkaloids which are used as medicines, can be easily extracted with water or dilute HCI. Japanese acid clay adsorbs the whole alkaloids in' solution and the bases in this adsorbate are again extracted with NaOH. The roots of Imperata arundinaceae contain a considerable quantity of sugar. We can isolate this sugar from them. A bitter taste of the sugar mass is removed by diatome earth.

An experiment was made on the periodate oxidation of “Lycorisin”, a new crystalline glucofructan which was isolated from the bulb of Lycoris radiata HERBERT, in comparison with inulin. Results obtained were as follows. 1. It was confirmed again that “Lycorisin” is a nonasaccharide consisted of one part of glucose, which exists as the non-reducing end-group residue, eight parts of fructose, and also no existence of the branched structures and glucose in the fructose chain in the Lycorisin molecule (see Table 1 and 2). 2. The “Oxidized-Lycorison” was crystallized by the NaIO4-oxidation (see Figure 1 and Table 3). This is shown by the NaIO4-consumption, the variation of [α] D and viscosity and paper chromatograms in the course of periodate oxidation of “Lycorisin” (see Tables 4, 5, 6 and Figure 3). 3. It was confirmed that glucose exists as the non-reducing residue in the inulin molecule and the mole ratio of fructose: glucose is 34:1. The “Oxidized-Inulin” was prepared as the form of crystalline (see Figure 2 and Table 3), NaIO4-consumption, variation of [α] D and viscosity and paper chromatograms in the course of periodate oxidation of inulin (see Tables 4, 5, 6 and Figure 3) were also shown.

Blood pressure responses to lycorenine were investigated in rats and dogs. Lycorenine (10--40 mg/kg p.o.) produced a decrease in blood pressure in conscious rats which was greater in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats. In conscious dogs, lycorenine (5 or 10 mg/kg i.v.) produced rises in blood pressure and heart rate except for a few instances, while it produced a decrease in blood pressure in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Thus, there are species differences in cardiovascular effects of lycorenine between conscious rats and dogs. The development of tachyphylaxis to the vasodepressor actions of lycorenine and its related compounds was related to their alpha-adrenergic blocking activities at the time of the second injection in anesthetized rats. Desipramine which abolished or diminished the development of tachyphylaxis to the vasodepressor action of lycorenine (5 or 7.5 mg/kg i.v.), shortened the duration of its vasodepressor action and reduced its alpha-adrenergic blocking action. These results indicate that the development of tachyphylaxis to the vasodepressor action of lycorenine is ascribed to maintenance of its alpha-adrenergic blocking action.

A method for the separation of alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae by a gas chromatographic technique is described. The separation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of the alkaloids was carried out using a number of commercially available non-polar and polar stationary phases, with a hydrogen flame ionization detector system. An excellent resolution of a 12 components mixture was obtained with an HI-EFF 8B column. Application of this method to the extract of the alkaloids of Lycoris radiata HERB. was also investigated.

Two growth inhibitors, lycoricidinol and lycoricidine, were isolated** from the methanol extract of the bulbs of Lycoris radiata Herb. The isolation procedures, structural determination, and some biological activities of the compounds will be reported in the present paper.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents information on the alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae . The chapter presents a table that summarizes the present state of knowledge, regarding the distribution of alkaloids, in Amaryllidaceae. From the demonstrated fungicidal action of lycorine, considered together with the quantity and localization of the alkaloids in the plants, they concluded that the alkaloid content contributes to the immunity displayed by this plant family towards Phymatotrichum root rot. The chapter discusses the chemistry of individual alkaloids. The chapter discusses pseudolycorine, sekisanine, crinamine, lycorenine, alkaloids from Buphane Disticha, etc. Most of the experimental work, bearing on the chemical structure of the alkaloids, suggested the presence of an isoquinoline residue in lycorine. Lycorine is a tertiary base that contains one ethylenic bond, two nonphenolic hydroxyl groups, and a methylenedioxy group but no methoxyl group. Tazettine, C 18 H 21 O 5 N, was isolated from the bulbs of Narcissus tazeita and was subsequently identified with “Base VIII,” from Lycoris radiata , arid also with “ungernine,” from the bulbs of Ungernia sewerzowii.

A method for the quantitative determination of lycoramine and galanthamine in the bulbs of Lycoris radiata HERB. by gas liquid chromatography using a HI-EFF 8B column was described. And the change of the amounts of these alkaliods were analyzed in every months through a year.