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El bajo peso al nacer es un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo y se relaciona con una serie de consecuencias a corto y largo plazos. La técnica de madre canguro consiste en el manejo del recién nacidos de bajo peso al nacer o prematuros, basado en una triada consistente en calor, amor y leche materna. Objetivo: Determinar la diferencia en el incremento ponderal en recién nacidos de pretérmino y con peso bajo al nacimiento con método de madre canguro o la incubadora en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Materno Perinatal “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” de julio de 2017 a junio de 2018. Material y métodos: Se incluyó a 85 pacientes, en 45 de los cuales se aplicó la técnica de madre canguro y en 40 la atención con incubadora y se comparó el incremento de peso entre ambos. Resultados: Se confirmó que el 60% en el grupo de madre canguro alcanza el objetivo en tan sólo 10 días, mientras que el grupo de la incubadora lo hace en 20 días. Conclusión: Con la técnica de madre canguro el tiempo (días) para conseguir el peso objetivo de 1800 g es menor, ya que en el grupo de incubadora fue de 13.95 ± 9.09 días, en tanto que el grupo de madre canguro fue de 6.47 ± 3.20 días; se concluyó que, en promedio, el grupo de incubadora requiere el doble de tiempo que el grupo de madre canguro.

Abstract Background The traditional ecological knowledge of land of the Ch’ol originary people from southeast Mexico forms part of their cultural identity; it is local and holistic and implies an integrated physical and spiritual worldview that contributes to improve their living conditions. We analyzed the nomenclature for soil classification used in the Mexican state of Tabasco by the Ch’ol farmers with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of the Maya soil classification. Methods A map of the study area was generated from the digital database of parcels in the ejido Oxolotán in the municipality of Tacotalpa, to which a geopedological map was overlaid in order to obtain modeled topographic profiles (Zavala-Cruz et al., Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 3:161–171, 2016). In each modeled profile, a soil profile was made and classified according to IUSS Working Group WRB (181, 2014) in order to generate a map of soil groups, which was used to survey the study area with the participation of 245 local Ch’ol farmers for establishing an ethnopedological soil classification (Ortiz et al.: 62, 1990). In addition, we organized a participatory workshop with 35 people to know details of the names of the soils and their indicators of fertility and workability, from which we selected 15 participants for field trips and description of soil profiles. Results The color, texture, and stoniness are attributes important in the Ch’ol nomenclature, although the names do not completely reflect the visible characteristic of the soil surface. On the other hand, the mere presence of stones is sufficient to name a land class, while according to IUSS Working Group WRB (181, 2014), a certain amount and distribution of stones in the soil profiles is necessary to be taken into consideration in the name. Perception of soil quality by local farmers considers the compaction or hardness of the cultivable soil layer, because of which black or sandy soils are perceived as better for cultivation of banana, or as secondary vegetation in fallow. Red, yellow, or brown soils are seen as of less quality and are only used for establishing grasslands, while maize is cultivated in all soil classes. Conclusions Farmers provided the Ch’ol nomenclature, perceived problems, and uses of each class of soil. Translation of Ch’ol soil names and comparison with descriptions of soil profiles revealed that the Ch’ol soil nomenclature takes into account the soil profile, given it is based on characteristics of both surface and subsurface horizons including color of soil matrix and mottles, stoniness, texture, and vegetation.

Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients.

According to the food addiction (FA) model, the consumption of certain types of food could be potentially addictive and can lead to changes in intake regulation. We aimed to describe metabolic parameters, dietary characteristics, and affective and neurocognitive vulnerabilities of individuals with and without FA, and to explore its influences on weight loss progression. The sample included 448 adults (55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus cognition sub-study. Cognitive and psychopathological assessments, as well as dietary, biochemical, and metabolic measurements, were assessed at baseline. Weight progression was evaluated after a 3-year follow up. The presence of FA was associated with higher depressive symptomatology, neurocognitive decline, low quality of life, high body mass index (BMI), and high waist circumference, but not with metabolic comorbidities. No differences were observed in the dietary characteristics except for the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids consumption. After three years, the presence of FA at baseline resulted in a significantly higher weight regain. FA is associated with worse psychological and neurocognitive state and higher weight regain in adults with metabolic syndrome. This condition could be an indicator of bad prognosis in the search for a successful weight loss process.

The hyperpolarization-activated Ih channel is modulated by neurotransmitters acting through the cAMP messenger system. In rat olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), dopamine, by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, shifts the voltage of half-maximal activation (V1/2) of Ih to more negative potentials and decreases Ih maximal relative conductance. Whether these effects result from a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques to study cAMP-dependent phosphorylation via PKA on Ih in rat ORNs. General protein kinase inhibition (50 nM K252a) produced a hyperpolarizing shift in Ih V1/2 and decreased Ih maximal conductance. Specific inhibition of PKA with H-89 (500 nM) also shifted the V1/2 of Ih to more negative potentials, and, in some cells, decreased Ih maximal conductance. PKA-mediated phosphorylation (cBIMPS, 50 mM) shifted Ih V1/2 more positive, modulated the kinetics of Ih channel activation and increased Ih peak current amplitude. Internal perfusion of the catalytic subunit of PKA (84 nM) also shifted Ih V1/2 positive and this shift was blocked by co-perfusion with PKI (50 nM). These results show that in rat ORNs, the voltage dependence of Ih activation can be modulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation. We also show that PKA and other protein kinases may be involved in the regulation of Ih maximal conductance. Our findings suggest that changes in the phosphorylation state of ORNs may affect resting properties as well as modulate odor sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop a variety of sensory stimulation products for the behavioral intervention of patients with Alzheimer's type dementia. Many caregivers have relied on physical and chemical restraints as the primary method of patient intervention due to the lack of appropriate dementia management products. This significantly lowers the sufferer's quality of care and life. As the age group most susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (65 and older) is the fastest growing segment of our society, an appropriate care solution must be sought. The specific aim of this study was to develop products that are sensory satisfying for the Alzheimer's patient that exhibits self-stimulatory wandering behavior. Sensory satisfying objects for product development would be determined through structured observations of self-stimulatory wanderers in an institutionalized setting. Variations of product design and mounting would be pursued in order to develop products that are not only safe and effective for patient use, but are easy for the caregiver to implement and maintain. Such products would have widespread commercial application in both the institutional and private care settings such as nursing homes, adult day care facilities, Alzheimer's care facilities, convalescent homes, mental health institutions, and assisted-living facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Los recicladores en su mayoría desarrollan sus actividades en precarias condiciones sanitarias y de seguridad ocupacional. Los síntomas de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) es un problema que afecta a todos los sectores y ocupaciones. Objetivos. Conocer la percepción de síntomas de los TME. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Lugar. Lima Metropolitana. Participantes. Recicladores de cualquier edad y género. Intervenciones. Aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico. Principales medidas de resultados. Presencia de síntomas de TME por regiones anatómicas. Resultados. De los 131 participantes, 114 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 58,8% (n=67) fueron varones y 41,2% (n=47) mujeres, con una media de 41,2 años (DE: 14,61; min: 18, máx: 77). La región anatómica con más síntomas fue la región lumbar, y fue la dolencia que más interferencia tuvo con las tareas de la casa o el trabajo. En el grupo etario de 20 a 39 años, los síntomas musculoesqueléticos más frecuentes se presentaron en la región cervical (p=0,012), mientras que en los mayores de 50 años se presentaron en las rodillas (p=0,040). Conclusiones. La percepción de síntomas de los TME en los recicladores se presentó predominantemente en la región lumbar y fue la dolencia que más interferencia tuvo con las tareas de casa o el trabajo.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA molecules that can be detected in bodily fluids without the need for major invasive procedures on patients. miRNAs have shown great promise as biomarkers for tumors to both assess their presence and to predict their type and subtype. Recently, thanks to the availability of miRNAs datasets, machine learning techniques have been successfully applied to tumor classification. The results, however, are difficult to assess and interpret by medical experts because the algorithms exploit information from thousands of miRNAs. In this work, we propose a novel technique that aims at reducing the necessary information to the smallest possible set of circulating miRNAs. The dimensionality reduction achieved reflects a very important first step in a potential, clinically actionable, circulating miRNA-based precision medicine pipeline. While it is currently under discussion whether this first step can be taken, we demonstrate here that it is possible to perform classification tasks by exploiting a recursive feature elimination procedure that integrates a heterogeneous ensemble of high-quality, state-of-the-art classifiers on circulating miRNAs. Heterogeneous ensembles can compensate inherent biases of classifiers by using different classification algorithms. Selecting features then further eliminates biases emerging from using data from different studies or batches, yielding more robust and reliable outcomes. The proposed approach is first tested on a tumor classification problem in order to separate 10 different types of cancer, with samples collected over 10 different clinical trials, and later is assessed on a cancer subtype classification task, with the aim to distinguish triple negative breast cancer from other subtypes of breast cancer. Overall, the presented methodology proves to be effective and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art feature selection methods.

The purpose of this research was to describe wandering behaviors of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease in their natural environment. Such descriptive information is necessary before successful product and/or nursing intervention programs can be developed. Videotaped behavioral observations yielded detailed data descriptive of patients with middle and later dementia. These patients have the physical ability to perform various functions, activities, or actions; the individual's mental ability is less supportive of physical ability. The degree of task simplicity required to enable the patient to complete unsupervised tasks depends on the level of dementia. The need for interventions is greatest during unstructured periods of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. (YFAS-2) (119 bulimia nervosa (BN), 50 binge eating disorder (BED), 49 other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and 16 OBE). All participants completed a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. Three clusters of FA participants were identified. Cluster 1 (dysfunctional) was characterized by the highest prevalence of OSFED and BN, the highest ED severity and psychopathology, and more dysfunctional personality traits. Cluster 2 (moderate) showed a high prevalence of BN and BED and moderate levels of ED psychopathology. Finally, cluster 3 (adaptive) was characterized by a high prevalence of OBE and BED, low levels of ED psychopathology, and more functional personality traits. In conclusion, this study identified three distinct clusters of ED-OBE patients with FA and provides some insight into a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct when considering psychopathology, personality and ED pathology. Future studies should address whether these three food addiction categories are indicative of therapy outcome.

El género relato de viaje cuenta con una nueva apertura para su campo de estudio gracias a las investigaciones del español Luis Alburquerque García. Haciendo uso de sus aportaciones teóricas, este trabajo busca aplicarlas al texto Los huicholes , del escritor y periodista Fernando Benítez. Se demostró que en la construcción de dicha obra participan de igual manera lo referencial y la literatura gracias al constante uso del lenguaje poético; al mismo tiempo que se mantiene en el límite entre dos disciplinas, una objetiva e informativa, y otra, subjetiva y estética.

Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are common in females with eating disorders (ED). However, no study to date has analyzed ER in males with ED. In the study at hand, we assessed ER in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and healthy controls (HC). We also examined associations between ER difficulties, personality, and psychopathology. A total of 62 males with ED were compared with 656 females with ED, as well as 78 male and 286 female HC. ER was assessed by means of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We found that males and females with ED showed greater ER difficulties compared to HC. Pronounced general psychopathology was a shared factor associated with higher ER difficulties in both males and females with ED. However, whereas higher novelty seeking, higher cooperativeness, lower reward dependence, and lower self-directedness were related to higher ER difficulties in females with ED, lower persistence was associated with ER difficulties in males with ED. In sum, males and females with ED show similar ER difficulties, yet they are distinct in how ER deficits relate to specific personality traits. Research on strategies promoting ER in the treatment of males with ED is warranted.

En este artículo se estudia la creación y los primeros trabajos de la Comisión Geológica Mexicana (1888), que daría paso al Instituto Geológico Nacional en 1891. Su establecimiento replicó el modelo de los Geological Survey, instituciones impulsadas desde las primeras décadas de la centuria en los países más desarrollados económicamente y con vocación expansionista para la búsqueda, evaluación, conocimiento y levantamiento cartográfico de los recursos minerales y geológicos por manos expertas.

El estudio de los Cantares de Dzitbalché desde la perspectiva lingüístico-poética permite a los mayistas observar este grupo de textos como un registro de lengua con características formales especiales. Con base en la propuesta de Roman Jakobson (1984 [1956]), en este análisis se puede apreciar que en los Cantares predomina la función poética sobre las demás funciones del lenguaje y se manifiesta con figuras literarias como la anáfora, el paralelismo y la aliteración. A través de recursos fónicos y sintácticos, los ejes de selección y de combinación interactúan y dan como resultado formas lingüísticas marcadas. Por otro lado, en el trabajo se discuten aspectos relacionados con la traducción de las figuras literarias de los textos indígenas. Se propone además, una fonetización de los textos apegados a las características del maya yucateco hablado y no a las grafías empleadas en la época colonial.The research on the Cantares of Dzitbalché from a linguistic-poetic perspective enables mayanist to consider these texts as a register of a language with special formal characteristics. Based on the Roman Jakobson proposal, it is possible to appreciate that in the Cantares there is a predominance of the poetic function over the rest of the functions of the language and it is manifested with literary figures as the anaphora, parallelism and alliteration. Through phonic and syntactic resources, the axis of selection and combination interact and give us as a result marked linguistic forms. The aspects related with the translation of the literary figures of the indigenous texts are discussed in this article as well. Furthermore, I propose a phonetic transcription of the text that is more related to the characteristics of the spoken Maya Yucatec than those employed in the colonial register.

Starch isolated from four chickpea varieties harvested in Mexico is studied for its morphological, structural, molecular, physicochemical, and digestion features. The isolated chickpea starches had residual protein (2.0%) and high amylose content (36–41%). The chickpea starch granules have a round shape and some granules exhibit cavities and crevices. The pasting profiles show moderate swelling of the starch granules and low breakdown, but the setback is high, which is a pattern related to the high amylose content. The gelatinization range is approximately 16 °C, with an enthalpy value between 8 and 12 J · g−1. Amylose and amylopectin have molar masses of 2.5 × 105 g · mol−1 and 2.0 × 108 g · mol−1, respectively. Amylopectin in chickpeas has the highest intermediate chain amount (degree of polymerization of 13–24), a pattern that is related to the C‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern and, consequently, to the high resistant starch (RS) content, which is maintained after cooking. Overall, the starch present in chickpea varieties shows potential for the development of foods with a gel texture and high RS and slow digestive starch (SDS) contents after cooking. The starch of four new varieties of chickpea is studied. Chickpea starches show high amylose content that produce pasting profile with high final viscosity. The chickpea starches show C‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern with high resistant starch content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]