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The leading woman's ability is shown by reaching and controlling high ranks and positions in the professional field and breaking in the professions . This was called by Maslo in his theory for needs " self-realization " where it needs high skills and qualities . This high rank was gradually reached by women in general, especially, the Algerian woman. The censuses carried out in 1975 showed the development in the woman's work from 4.3 % to 16 % in 1999 . In about 24 years, the woman occupied about 1/4 of the men's opportunities after the suffering and marginalization which she has been exposed to . Despite the negative acceptance from the Algerian society which was controlled by men and the weakness of the feminist frames where the woman's work was controlled by traditional principles in the Algerian society . The Algerian sociologist ; Jemal Graid says : " The woman outdoors should respect some conditions which are defined by the local society which normally authorizes political and cultural opinions . These conditions organize the woman's work outdoors." This happened previously and began to decrease gradually . Also , the woman has begun to obtain economical independence which has provided her self-content and educationally effective participation in terms of the economical development indoors and outdoors . In addition , she has been able to achieve psychological relief and social status besides the fulfillment of the woman's independence and her ability to participate economically with the man to cover the cost of life . The development of any society is subject to the contributions of both genders . The Algerian sociologist ; Sharifa Deeb Marouf stated and confirmed that women invest their wages in fulfilling the economical needs of the family and its development . Through our intervention , we try to provide a real experience about the competence of the leading woman in the Algerian society by carrying out our field study on this distinct section in our society and her contribution in the fulfillment of economical development.

The UNESCO brand represents an added value in cultural heritage and recently in intangible heritage. With this distinction you get a remarkable visibility and prerogatives in tourist destination offers that are not always developed in the same way, hence the need for its analysis. The present work addresses the theme of the UNESCO brand in Intangible Heritage and its relationship with tourism from a case study: the revitalization of traditional knowledge of artisanal lime in Morón de la Frontera (Seville, Andalusia), recognized program as an example of good safeguard practice, registered in the Register of Good Practices of UNESCO in 2011. Although exhibiting a heritage asset as a UNESCO brand (“we are brand”) is a recognition of prestige, we consider to what extent and in what way that recognition satisfies the tourist expectations that the local society may have. The UNESCO brand represents an added value in cultural heritage and recently in intangible heritage. With this distinction you get a remarkable visibility and prerogatives in tourist destination offers that are not always developed in the same way, hence the need for its analysis. The present work addresses the theme of the UNESCO brand in Intangible Heritage and its relationship with tourism from a case study: the revitalization of traditional knowledge of artisanal lime in Morón de la Frontera (Seville, Andalusia), recognized program as an example of good safeguard practice, registered in the Register of Good Practices of UNESCO in 2011. Although exhibiting a heritage asset as a UNESCO brand (“we are brand”) is a recognition of prestige, we consider to what extent and in what way that recognition satisfies the tourist expectations that the local society may have.

The starting point for the present research paper is the concept of civic competence, which was originally formulated by R. Dahl. In the adopted model civic competence is viewed as a four-dimensional construct consisting of: cognitive competence, evaluative competence, normative competence and causative competence. The article comprises a project of implementation of this concept for the purpose of conducting researchon local and regional communities as well as well as showing the possible ways of operationalization of the concept of civic competence. Отправной точкой настоящей статьи является концепция гражданской компетентности, разработанная Робертом Далем. На современном этапе принимается концептуализация данного понятия, основанная на четырех аспектах: а) познавательный аспект, б) оценочный аспект, в) нормативный аспект, г) исполнительный аспект. Настоящая статья является проектом имплементации указанной концепции, являясь в то же самое время предложением для локальных и региональных сообществ, которое позволит повысить гражданскую компетентность населения.

Influence of volunteer fire departments on the culture level of ecological safetyEcological safety is one of the fundamental types of safety. It is a kind of safety in which every matter including man comes into direct contact at every moment of existence because it relates to the ecosystem. People are both creators and recipients of this safety. The subject matter therefore is about how we threaten the environment and about the ways in which the environment generates these threats. This is the reason why the principles of sustainable development are so pertinent in every human endevour. Unfortunately, man — the creator has been having an increasingly destructive influence causing a mechanical feedback of threats that endanger man — the recipient. Under these premises, the cultural education of ecological safety is a task of paramount importance. In the process of creating such a culture local communities have an unquestionable importance and volunteer fire departments constitute an integral aspect in such communities. It should be noted that both legal and sociological conditions give VFD a unique role which refers to the enormous potential of impact on the culture of ecological security. This applies in particular to the development of sensitivity, awareness and educational activities. It is worth emphasizing the fact that activities directed inwardly to a given VFD automatically affect local society, as members of a given VFD belong to the local community. External actions addressed to non members but to other people gain importance and effectiveness when cooperating with other entities of a given local society. So the potential of Volunteer Fire Departments and their impact on the culture of ecological safety is undeniable. At the same time, however, it is “only” a potential that needs to be transformed into concrete actions. What we are facing is an oppurtunity dependant on the readiness of man being the creator and recipient.

The establishment of educational institutes which mainly focus on English language course at Kampung Inggris (the Village of English) of Pare-Kediri plays pivotal role in the process of transformation of the local society especially in socio-religious and economic aspects they deal with. This article attempts to reveal socio-religious characteristic of the society at the Kampung Inggris along with their work ethos. The change of economic aspect has led to encounter of socio-religious aspect and the work ethos within the society as a result of the establishment of the English language courses coupled with the advent of outsiders who take the course. Employing socio-economic approach the study scrutinizes the dynamic of socio-religious aspect which grows as a consequence of the economic change. To get the necessary data and information, I use a panel of methods, which comprises interview, observation, and documentation. The discussion will focus on the socio-religious problems faced by the residents of the Kampung Inggris and their work ethos. The study finds that there has been a substantial change among the local society. The agrarian society at the Kampung Inggris has now transformed into capitalistic one. The transformation has subsequently affected their religious pattern from organic-religious to mechanic-religious.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate and understand how consumers of cooperative food products could be segmented in the region of Western Greece. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was undertaken involving almost 500 consumers in the selected region. Consumers were segmented on the basis of their consumption of cooperative products and in association with their attributes and beliefs regarding cooperatives’ products. Τhe performed cluster analysis grouped participants into four distinct groups with different characteristics and perceptions regarding cooperatives’ products. The consumer groups were called “skeptics”, “cooperative”, “passively sensitive”, and “indifferent”. According to the results, in general, participants considered cooperative food products as a safe choice with excellent value for money and contributing to the local society, economy, and sustainability. Segmentation could allow agricultural cooperatives to focus only on those segments of consumers that are willing to pay for cooperative products by allocating all available resources in serving them. The results of this research, even with its limitations, can help directors and marketing executives of agricultural cooperatives to better understand that operating in a specific market could be more effective when targeted at specific segments to help not only the viability of agricultural cooperatives but also their economic development and growth.

Based on the on-the-spot investigation, interviews with craftsmen and craftsmen, as well as collection of historical documents and materials, case studies, etc., the aesthetic core value of Jiarong Tibetan brocade belt culture is recognized. Under the influence of globalization, the local traditional culture gradually lost its unique personality, and indirectly destroyed the traditional structure and identity of local society. Based on the skill analysis and cultural implication mining of Jiarong Tibetan flower weaving belt, this paper discusses how to transform and use local handicraft resources, so as to identify the practical significance and practical value of Jiarong Tibetan brocade handicraft culture connotation mining for local handicraft modernization practice and reshaping local culture and regional activation.

The development of the oil and gas industry has stimulated local economic growth by creating employment opportunities., attracting migrants, and increasing local business investments. While previous research shows controversial results of the oil and gas industry's influence on the local society, very few studies concentrated on visualizing the effect of such influences and predicting the trends to serve business, local government, job seekers, and the public. This study demonstrates correlations between oil/gas production and the socio-economic variables over time with multiple massive data sets extracted from official websites. Our initial attempt is to visualize such correlations and trends in Colorado while possibly generalize to the national and even international levels for further study.

Kryzys środowiskowy jest jednym z najbardziej aktualnych i ważnych problemów, z jakimi obecnie zmaga się ludzkość. Organizacje międzynarodowe, rządy, samorządy, religie, społeczności lokalne, organizacje pozarządowe, a nawet poszczególne osoby szukają odpowiedzi na wyzwania, przed jakimi przyszło stanąć ludzkiej cywilizacji. Chodzi bowiem o to, by zgodnie z ideą zrównoważonego rozwoju wypracować takie rozwiązania, które zaspakajając aspiracje człowieka respektowałyby możliwości przyrody, zarówno w perspektywie obecnego, jak i przyszłych pokoleń. Szczegółowym problemem podjętym w niniejszym opracowaniu jest stosunek społeczności lokalnych do obszarów chronionych. Rola tych obszarów jest bowiem nie do przecenienia zarówno dla podtrzymania dobrostanu człowieka, jak i kondycji ziemskiej biosfery. Tematyka ta została podjęta w ramach wspólnego projektu Instytutu Ekologii i Bioetyki (obecnie Centrum Ekologii i Ekofilozofii) na Uniwersytecie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie (UKSW), Instytutu Badawczego Leśnictwa (IBL) oraz Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego (KPN). Projekt ten obejmował organizację XIII ogólnopolskiej konferencji z cyklu „Ekologia humanistyczna" pt. ,,Przyroda wyzwaniem dla kultury. Społeczności lokalne wobec obszarów chronionych". Konferencja ta stanowiła swoistą platformę wymiany myśli i doświadczeń przedstawicieli różnych dziedzin wiedzy, przedstawicieli administracji rządowej i samorządowej, przedstawicieli parków narodowych i rezerwatów przyrody oraz organizacji ekologicznych...

Boukourdane dam in northern Algeria plays a fundamental role in local society, as a source of irrigation and drinking water. To characterize the temporal variability of water quality in the dam lake, monitoring was conducted monthly for 2 years (January 2013–January 2015) at four sites. The relationship between the physicochemical parameters was evaluated by the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the seasonal-variation evaluation of the environmental factors was conducted by principal component analysis (PCA). The water in the dam tended to be alkaline, with the highest pH = 9.95 recorded in the spring of 2013. The dissolved oxygen levels varied between 2.58 and 11.61 mg L−1, the nitrates were low. The overall water quality in the Boukourdane dam is medium to good according to SEQ-EAU standard.

A moderate earthquake with a magnitude Mw of 6.8 occurred in the Sivrice district of Elazig Province in Eastern Turkey on January 24th, 2020. The mainshock and long-term aftershocks gave rise to considerable structural damage and affected the local society. Remarkable property loss took place due to building damages and collapses. The reasons for the losses and structural damages are investigated by the post-earthquake field observations. The importance of earthquake-resistant design principles and applications outlined in the current and former seismic codes is verified through the field reconnaissance. To this end, the seismic damage observed after the Elazig-Sivrice Earthquake in the non-structural and structural elements of the RC structures is reported. The conflict between the code requirements and actual conditions of construction practices is also established. The seismic vulnerability of substandard RC buildings is quantified in association with the structural weaknesses and deficiencies observed in the earthquake-affected region. The reasons behind the unexpectedly extensive damage at the local and global level under such a moderate earthquake are based on the vulnerability of substandard buildings resulting from structural deficiencies, poor material qualities, and lack of control mechanism during construction.

Under the first paragraph of Article 21 TFEU (former Article 18 EC), every citizen of the Union shall have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the MS, subject to the limitations and conditions laid down in the Treaties and by the measures adopted to give them effect.” This right constitutes the essential core of European citizenship, which appears to be the result of the gradual recognition of a series of rights that MS attributed to those of their subjects who made use of free movement and residence. Even the right to vote in local and EP elections, granted to European citizens by the Maastricht Treaty, is functionally linked to this freedom, aiming to make it easier to use through improved integration into the local society.

The impact of transition periods is experienced by the local population and economy as a result of mining activities closure and dismissal of a large number of workers followed by diversification of employment and career reorientation opportunities. The aim of the paper is to highlight the impact generated by closure of mining operations on local society and economy as well as identifying opportunities for harmonious development of communities in the Jiu Valley. Following the assessment of the social impact of mining activities closure, we found a rising tendency of unemployment rate among the middle-aged population that did not benefit from vocational retraining and the growing tendency of young people to leave the region for strictly economic reasons leading to widespread social aging.

This paper focuses on three of the first Taiwanese Indigenous documentary film activists and their continuous cultural production since the 1990s: Mayaw Biho’s political resistance through media intervention, Pilin Yapu’s resilience in creating tribal-oriented primary education, and Chang Shu-Lan’s reformed elderly care services, which are more adequately adapted to local society and culture. At present, these three directors are representative visual actors championing the causes of the Indigenous populations and serving as crucial mediators who articulate the autonomous perspectives of their peers and challenge settler colonial ways of seeing.

Proponemos adaptar los conceptos formulados por Pratt (1991) en Arts of the Contact Zone como herramientas teóricas capaces de analizar las estrategias desplegadas por distintos colectivos étnicos asentados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX paraacomodarse a las coyunturas políticas de la sociedad porteña. Para esto, exhibiremos, mediante los proyectos educativos de distintas escuelas bilingües y las acciones de la colectividad alemana en la ciudad durante la Gran Guerra, como estas desarrollaron “espacios seguros” donde resignificaban su identidad colectiva sin desvincularse del Estado-nación argentino ni ocultando su componente étnico., We propose to adapt concepts suggested by Pratt (1991) in Arts of the Contact Zone into theoretical tools capable of revealing how those ethnic groups settled in Buenos Aires between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th deployed different strategies in order to accommodate themselves to particular political climates in the local society. For this, we will show, through the educational projects of different bilingual schools, as well as in the actions of the German community in the city during the Great War, how they developed “safe spaces” where they redefined their collective identity, all without dissociating themselves from the Argentine nation-state or hiding its ethnic component., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

The village fund was introduced in 2014 to stimulate development in villages all over Indonesia. However, the special task force of the village fund in the mid of 2017 solely had received 10,000 complaints regarding suspicion of misuse of the village fund, which resulted in 200 village officials end up in jail. Therefore, this study is to explore many aspects affecting the processes of planning and establishing of village budget in a village located at Madura. A qualitative approach is applied in this study to enable researchers to explore many aspects of the management of the village fund. The findings of this study indicate that the Musrenbangdes as a tool in the planning stage were intervened by the head of the village without considering the interests of local society. Consequently, development proposals contained in the Musrenbangdes, which later were elaborated in the RPJMDesa as mid-term programs and the RKPDesa as short-term programs, were determined by the head of the village and his officials. Meanwhile, the head of the village is not equipped to handle the planning and budgeting process of the village fund. Hence, the head of the village placed his right-hand man as a coordinator to manage the village fund, resulting in a lack of transparency in the management of the fund.

Victor is the ‘museum man’ behind the establishment of Goa Chitra, Goa Chakra and Goa Cruti—three museums dedicated to the arts and history of Goa. Victor spent his early childhood mostly with his grandmother because his mother was the busy matron of Hospicio hospital in Goa. Even though his grandmother was blind, she regaled little Victor with bedtime stories about the state, its people, history, culture, tradition and livelihood. The grandmother’s personal account of the historical and cultural wonders of Goa kindled in him the need for restoration and conservation of age-old wisdom, a concept which, by all accounts, local society had branded as crazy during the earlier days.

The existing transdisciplinary research scholarship contains numerous examples of how political contestations and uneven power relations present challenges for researchers. However, the scholarship examining ways of managing power relations within transdisciplinary research remains limited. In addition, almost all the current scholarship focuses upon the different forms of power-related conflicts that manifest during the active phase of a research project, such as during knowledge integration and solution development activities. The connection between weather-related knowledge and local identity was deeply embedded in local society but could not be fully accessed by the researcher on the basis of the secondary information available about the project sites, which was used to design the initial project plan. This chapter reveals how failure to consider how political processes and uneven power relations between stakeholders in the original research design led to a failure to secure the willingness of community members to participate in the proposed project activities.

Zhang, B., 2020. The social benefits of water sports events and their impact on environmental pollution. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 111–115. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In today's society, sports events have become the focus of attention, occupy an important position in the sports industry, while bringing economic and social benefits. The social benefits of sports events play a positive role in the development of local society, and the effect of sports events is determined to a great extent according to social benefits. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the social benefits of water sports events, an important branch of sports events. In addition, water sports events are bound to have a certain impact on the environment, cannot be ignored, so this paper will also study the impact of water sports events on environmental pollution. According to the definition of social benefits and related factors, the social benefits of water sports events are analyzed and the positive effects of water sports events are analyzed. Through systematic analysis and combing, for the future development of water sports events put forward relevant views, while the environmental protection of targeted measures to improve social benefits at the same time, to ensure that the environment is not broken, to achieve a win-win situation.

Public relation is a communication activity that aims to build good image of company. Furthermore public relation is a planning that uses persuasive communication to influence society perception and a planning to influence society perception through the implementation of social responsibility program based on interrelationship communication to achieve the goodness between each other. As communication instrument with public, company social responsibility to society or well known as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used to share positive effect of company for local society environment, environmental conservation activity and the result to the public. Respond and view to the company responsibility from several parts, costumer and society are used to be feedback to change company approach in managing environment and to improve company image that will influence on company profit improvement. Keywords : Public relation, Company image, corporate social resp onsibility.

Les noms de lieux sont l’expression d’une culture qui s’inscrit dans l’espace comme géographie. Cet essai veut démontrer le rôle symbolique de quelques toponymes, recueillis par des enquêtes sur le terrain, dans l’organisation sociale d’une petite communauté rurale au nord-est du Cameroun : les Gizey. Cette population n’a pas de temples ni d’autels. Dans son habitat on reconnaît pourtant un paysage où se condense une géographie du sacré d’une importance culturelle incontournable. Les Gizey incorporent en effet dans les noms de lieux des compo­santes, à caractère mythique et rituel, qui contribuent à faire comprendre les relations de pouvoir, économiques, culturelles et territoriales entre les différents lignages exogames de la société. Le travail d’interprétation des toponymes révèle, par le biais de l’univers sacré, les formes de gestion du territoire mises en œuvre aujourd’hui par ce groupement humain. La description des espaces sacrés, des mythes et des sacrifices, permet aussi de traverser une dimension identitaire complexe et dynamique, fondée sur des croyances religieuses traditionnelles très importantes pour la reproduction sociale des Gizey. L’ensemble des connaissances concernant la nature et les lieux construits à partir de celle-ci trouve ainsi, dans le savoir territorial exprimé par les toponymes, la manifestation la plus sophistiquée d’une pratique du symbolisme capable d’orienter culturellement l’action collective. Place names are expression of a culture that is inscribed in the space as geography. This essay shows the symbolic role of some place names, collected through fieldwork, in the social organization of a small rural community in the northeast of Cameroon: the Gizey. This population has no temples or altars, but a culturally important sacred geography can be recognized in its habitat and land­scape. The Gizey incorporate mythical and ritual components into place names which contribute to the understanding of the power, economic, cultural and territorial relations between the different exogamous lineages of society. The interpretation of the names reveals the current organization of Gizey territory. The description of the sacred places, myths and sacrifices also helps to discover a complex and dynamic identity, founded on traditional beliefs very important for the social reproduction of Gizey. Therefore the territorial know-how expressed by the toponyms, concerning the knowledge about the nature and the built places, is the most sophisticated manifestation of a symbolic practice that guides culturally the collective action.

Located in the northern part of the Pingtung Plain of southern Taiwan, the town of Meinong is surrounded by Jade Mountain Range in the northeast, Laonong River in the south. After a period of land management and social operation in the Qing Dynasty, Hakka ethnic groups kept traditional lifestyle in Meinong. In the Qing Dynasty, the settlement development of Meinong was mainly distributed in the northern as a result of Laonong River usually flooded and deposited to alluvial fans with gravel and developed hardly in the southern. Until the Japanese colonization period, the Japanese government and the private enterprise begun to develop the alluvial fan. This study has two mainly purposes to analyze. First, the cooperation relationship between private enterprise and government. Second, the social operation and interaction between the original residents and immigrants in Meinong by the new developments that through existing research, literature review, field study and mapping.In 1908, the Japanese government constructed Shihzihtou Irrigation System to irrigate a new reclamation site in the south of Meinong and set up a dike to block flood on the right bank of the Laonong River. In 1909, the Governor's House gave the permission to the private enterprise—Sanwu Company—to develope the NanLong farm. The NanLong farm attracted the nearby Hoklo ethnic group, the Hakka group of the northern Taiwan and the families of the old tribes of Meinong came here for reclamation. The NanLong farm is alluvial soil of sandstone and shale, so it is conducive to agricultural development. It mainly grows the second-phase rice, sucrose, banana and miscellaneous grain crops. The NanLong farm controlled as a committee, representatives were from the settlements of new reclamation site and farm manager who was councilman. That built up a local society center on the NanLong farm, it was different from Meinong was mainly distributed in the northern that was center on the town office. Through state resources supported the private enterprise and private enterprise provided job opportunities for immigranst, the south of Meinong became liveable, culturally inclusive and sustainable landscapes from a alluvial fans with gravel.

Alburnus Maior is one of the best-documented and most interesting Roman provincial rural societies. It provided historians with a most complex source: the wax tablets, representing contracts and other juridical documents, hid in a mine gallery when tragedy struck (the Marcomannic attack of 168 AD) and never recovered by their owners. In the current article, based on micro-historical information offered by these unique sources, we will present an analysis local society, with a focus on its socio-economical networks, the people which formed them and the ties existing between them.

The Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic North Atlantic is experiencing rapid changes in the surface climate and sea ice distribution, with impacts for the coupled climate system and the local society. Using observational data of surface air temperature (SAT) from 1980–2016 across the whole Svalbard archipelago, and sea ice extent (SIE) from operational sea ice charts, a systematic assessment of climatologies, long-term changes and regional differences is conducted. The proximity to the warm water mass of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) drives a markedly warmer climate in the western coastal regions compared to northern and eastern Svalbard. This imprints on the SIE climatology in southern and western Svalbard, where the annual maxima of 50–60% area ice coverage are substantially less than 80–90% in the northern and eastern fjords. Owing to winter-amplified warming, the local climate is shifting towards more maritime conditions, and SIE reductions of between 5% to 20% per decade in particular regions are found, such that a number of fjords in the west have been virtually ice-free in recent winters. The strongest decline comes along with SAT forcing and occurs over the most recent 1–2 decades in all regions. In the 1980s and 1990s, enhanced northerly winds and sea ice drift can explain 30–50% of SIE variability around northern Svalbard, where they had correspondingly lead to a SIE increase. At the same time, interannual temperature fluctuations within the WSC waters can explain 20-37% of SIE variability in a number of fjords on the west coast. With an ongoing warming it is suggested that both the meteorological and cryospheric conditions in eastern Svalbard will become increasingly similar to what is already observed in the western fjords, namely suppressed typical Arctic climate conditions.

This chapter presents various significant aspects of the tombs and the activities at the Mycenaean cemetery at Clauss, near Patras there, resulting from the study and analysis of both artifacts and skeletal remains. In particular, the Clauss cemetery provides considerable skeletal remains that were examined in detail, which show that both the site and Achaea were densely populated during the Mycenaean palatial period (14th–13th c. BC). This conclusion contrasts greatly with what scholars have previously proposed: a massive infiltration of population from the Argolid in LH III C. The study of the Clauss material distinguished all LH III C burials in six successive chronological phases, which correspond more-or-less to six generations of its people. This was accomplished with the combined and careful classification of the local pottery, workshops, and styles, together with the tombs’ stratigraphy. The evaluation of such a sequence gave the unique opportunity to trace the biographies of its people. Through the identification of mothers, children, farmers, craftsmen, traders, noble ladies of the oikos, hunters, and warriors—based on the grave goods and modes of burials—the story unfolds of a vivid local society at the periphery of the Mycenaean world toward the end of its era.

There are frequent floods in Lebak Regency, especially in the central city, i.e., Rangkasbitung and its surroundings, which is detrimental to local society. In the last five years, there has been 43 times the flood disaster. The problem of this flooding has not been entirely resolved, although there are indications of an increase in frequency, duration, and distribution in the study area. This study discusses the vulnerability of the area to flooding based on social, economic, and physical characteristics. K-Means Clustering is used to analyze the level of vulnerability for each village from 39 villages in Rangkasbitung, Cibadak, and Kalanganyar Districts. The results showed that the vulnerability level to flooding is dominated by a moderate level spread in the center of the study area. In contrast, the high level of vulnerability spread in the eastern and western parts of the study area. These results can be used as a basis for determining the flood risk areas in future studies.

In particular, the cultural potential and the social status of the younger generation of Kandastar in historical homeland requires a revision of a number of issues. For instance, the activities of young people in construction, services, medicine and education allowed them to quickly adapt to the local society. In particular, the mutual integration of young people is significantly influenced by their education abroad and traditionalism of mentality. One of them is the preservation of family relations, observance of traditional social relations and etiquette. This suggests that the connection between the older generation and the younger generation of repatriates in Kazakhstan is still preserved. Moreover, the position of young people in society has provided them with many opportunities for social and cultural adaptation. Key words: Kandastar, adaptation, integration, Kazakhstan, society, repatriate, education, construction, language.

The purpose of this research is to find out the law of selling and buying transaction in honesty canteen according to Islamic law. In this research the author used library research method to collect data about selling and buying transaction in the honesty canteen which refer to Islamic law. Some Malikiyyah and Hanabilah scholars are permitted the bai' mu'athah system as long as it is a habit of the local society so no one will be harmed from this transaction, but Shafi'iyyah and some of Hanafiyyah scholars do not permit this transaction if there is no ijab and qabul in transaction between the seller and the buyer. Finally, the results of this research, explained the permitting of transaction agreement in the honesty canteen, because transaction has become a habit without using ijab and qabul at transaction between seller and buyer and called as bai’ mu'athah.

The design process of city brand logo often become an exclusive program for executives, thus exclude society as its main stakeholders. Nevertheless, the public involvement through logo competition tend to resulting unprofessional result. Fundamentally, some cities still assume that city branding is as merely logo making. Trough case study method, this research aims to map and evaluate the city brand logo design models. City of objects include Semarang, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. The paper concludes three methods of designing city brand logo based on the involved dominant actors: (1) via competition, (2) via professional collaboration, (3) via collaboration of government-expert-society. The evaluation reveals that the competition method has weaknesses such as society dysfunction as designer, also the subjective, unprofessional, and incomplete brand identity. On the other hand, even design experts had fill in their role in design process, professional collaboration method is assumed to lack of public participation. Society involvement is limited to informant during early research and being subsided in the making of brand identities. Just as the competition method, collaboration of three actors is judged to be an inefective method in involving local society. Keywords: brand identity; city branding; city brand logo; logo competition; logo design; public participation.

Fil: Moyano, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Moyano, J. (2020). Las fuerzas políticas cordobesas entre el orden notabiliar y la ampliación de la democracia: consideraciones en torno a los conceptos de derechas e izquierdas. Prismas, 24(24), 203-209. En este ensayo nos proponemos problematizar sobre la pertinencia de clasificar como conservadoras o progresistas a diferentes fuerzas políticas cordobesas con protagonismo entre fines del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX, en especial a partir del posicionamiento ante clivajes que en diferentes momentos dividieron la sociedad local en torno al tipo de régimen político y a las relaciones entre Estado e Iglesia. El punto de inicio de nuestro análisis coincide con las primeras impugnaciones de peso, desde 1890, al régimen oligárquico, inaugurado diez años antes con el acceso de Julio A. Roca a la presidencia argentina. El cierre se ubica en el golpe de Estado de 1930. Los actores seleccionados son, por un lado, las fuerzas políticas que, con diversa organicidad, antes y después de 1912 reunieron a los grupos gobernantes del régimen oligárquico. Por otro lado, corrientes con actuación, permanente o eventual, en el radicalismo. In this essay we propose to problematize the relevance of classifying different Cordovan political forces as conservative or progressive, with a leading role between the late nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, especially from the position of cleavages that divided the local society –in around the type of political regime and the relations between State and Church– at different times. The starting point of our analysis coincides with the first major challenges, since 1890, to the oligarchic regime, inaugurated ten years earlier with the accession of Julio A. Roca to the Argentine presidency. The closure is located in the coup d’état of 1930. The selected actors are, on the one hand, the political forces that, with different organicity, before and after 1912 brought together the ruling groups of the oligarchic regime. On the other hand, currents with permanent or eventual action in radicalism.

This chapter illustrates how Hong Kong horse racing portrays itself as a transnational enterprise as well as a form of sporting entertainment deeply rooted in local society by keeping a balance between local and global demands and commercial interests in its bilingual naming practices for racehorses. The observations presented here are based on a sample of 1392 Chinese-English name pairs, all of which were officially registered names of racehorses currently active in Hong Kong. Discussion surrounds three topics: code-mixing, semantic relatedness, and name clustering, with a specific focus on how linguistic and cultural boundaries are crossed or blurred and how Chineseness and Hongkongness are represented.

Fil: Boasso, Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales del Rosario. Instituto de Historia; Argentina Fil: Libonati, María Eugenia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales del Rosario. Instituto de Historia; Argentina Resumen: El 29 de diciembre de 2019 la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales del Rosario cumplió su 60° aniversario. Fundada a fines del año 1959 con el respaldo de monseñor Antonio Caggiano, y por iniciativa de algunos reconocidos abogados rosarinos -entre ellos, el destacado jurista y primer decano, Dr. Juan Casiello-, la Facultad se integró a la Universidad Católica Argentina, que había sido erigida un año antes en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Sus cursos fueron inaugurados oficialmente en marzo de 1960, respondiendo de esta manera, a la vez, a la aspiración de los sectores católicos a contar con establecimientos propios de educación superior, y al reclamo de la sociedad local para que se creara una Facultad de Derecho en la ciudad.

Na segunda metade do século XIX Antônio Prado, surge como resultado dos fluxos migratórios italianos, cujo processo de colonização levou os imigrantes e migrantes a mudanças culturais intensas. Considerando este cenário, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as mudanças nos modos de vida de famílias ítalo‑brasileiras a partir das práticas alimentares cotidianas. Acomida, neste contexto, é interpretada como marcador de identidade e ligada a uma rede de significações da sociedade local, como um texto, que descreve os processos socioculturais de um grupo. Para tanto, utilizou‑se a história oral como instrumento de pesquisa e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com senhoras pradenses, além de pesquisa histórico documental. Os resultados demonstram que a alimentação ítalo‑brasileira é híbrida, reflete os processos de mudanças nos modos de vida da comunidade e, atualmente, passa a ser usada como produto de consumo turístico caracterizada como marcador de identidade local, cuja experiência gastronômica é fonte de diálogo intercultural In the second half of the nineteenth century the area of Antonio Prado was set up aroundi Italian migratory flows whose process of colonisation led to profound cultural changes. Against this historical background, this article aims to reflect on the changes in the lifestyles of Italian‑Brazilian families as reflected in their daily eating habits. Food in this context is interpreted as a marker of identity here connected to a community network of social significance, putting together the ingredients of a text describing their inner functioning. Therefore, we used oral history as a research tool, and semi‑structured interviews were conducted with Pradense women, as well as documented historical research. The results show that Italian‑Brazilian food is hybrid, reflecting the processes of change in the community as a result of migration and integration. This food is currently exploited as a tourist attraction characteristic of the local identity, itself a result of intercultural exchange..

During the scrutiny of the characteristics of the social land programme, other integration models—such as the public employment programme, the start work programme in sub-regions, and social cooperatives—have also been analyzed. The reason the analysis of the competitive, alternative, or rather the mutually reinforcing nature of the connection between integrative programmes has become relevant recently is that the government has started to gradually focus support on social cooperatives, while other integrative models have started to gradually lose their significance. The results of our research in regard to the implementation and the relations of integrative models have proved that governments that perform well always operate complex systems. A multi-level programme system guarantees a way for entering and exiting the labor market that is adapted to needs and opportunities, furthermore, it guarantees the dynamics of the model and contributes to the development of smaller communities’ local economies, and to the improvement of locals’ living standards.

Relato de experiência acerca da ação de extensão na realização do I – seminário “Gênero, Saúde e Enfermagem: ressignificando o sujeito”, com objetivo de estimular na população as discussões de gênero e o respeito pelo grupo LGBTs e pelo grupo feminista, a estratégia vislumbra o empoderamento dos grupos com informações e articulações políticas que fortaleçam as lutas pela garantia dos seus direitos, assim como articular uma reorganização da assistência à saúde ao grupo LGBTs. O evento ocorreu em 20 de maio de 2016, realizado pelo 3º período do Curso de Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na Casa da Cultura, em Pau dos Ferros-RN, o qual teve como público comunidade acadêmica e a população em geral. Aonde foi montado uma mesa redonda com representação do grupo LGBTs, grupo feminista, profissional de saúde e pesquisadores na área. O seminário contou com 56 participantes e gerou contribuições valiosas para Academia e população, a troca mútua da partilha de conhecimentos promoveu à experiência da propagação do saber científico e a quebra de preconceitos aos grupos LGBTs, contribuindo para uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária.

The main purpose of this research is to find a model of punishment in preventing social conflict on local wisdom of Dalihan na Tolu indigenous people. The questions posed in this research include the multi-dimension social conflict prevention model based on local wisdom of Indonesia, the deliberation stage of preventing such conflict and strategies adopted by local wisdom to resolve social conflict. The research further focuses its examination on local society that is Dalihan na Tolu indigenous people . This research uses empirical juridical research method, which is departed from local wisdom norms, or known as adat laws and examines the application of such laws in society. This research proposes that the multi-dimensional model of social conflict prevention should be carried out using the rules contained in: Dalihan na Tolu custom, Sipaingot, Pastak ni Paradaton, Uhum dohot Patik, Hapantunon, Tutur dohot Poda, Marga, Martahi, Mangupa. While the system and strategies of negotiation to reach consencus in preventing multi-dimensional social conflict based on the following norms: Tahi Ungut-ungut, Tahi Dalihan na Tolu, Tahi Godang Parsahutaon and Tahi Godang Haruaya Mardomu Bulung. It is argued that the punishment model usually used by Batak community should be adopted both in preventing as well as resolving social conflict exists in society.